Racial bias in research impacts a study’s relevancy, validity and reliability, though presently this aspect is not addressed in critical appraisal tools, and consequently appraisers may not take racial bias into account when assessing a paper’s quality. Drawing on Critical Race Theory (CRT) tenets that racism is ubiquitous and race a social construct, this paper discusses concerns regarding racism in research which have been broadly divided into two categories for critical appraisers to consider: the underrepresentation of minoritised ethnic groups in health studies, especially where minoritised populations see higher rates of disease occurrence and; the utilisation of racial/ethnicity data to interpret disparities in outcomes, including speculation of biological race, the misinterpretation of genetic ancestry as race, and the lack of investigation into social determinants of health, including systemic, institutional and interpersonal forms of racism. The injustices exposed in this paper impact the health of minoritised ethnic groups and are therefore a Black Lives Matter issue. They risk resurrecting dangerous theories regarding biological inferiority among minoritised ethnic populations, as well as hindering study findings. The application of CRT frameworks in health science research quality appraisal are discussed in relation to the above themes – using largely UK-based contexts with supporting examples from the US – followed by recommendations for critically appraising for antiracism. Further information to support critically appraising for antiracism can be found via https://www.criticallyappraisingantiracism.org/.
{"title":"Critically appraising for antiracism","authors":"Ramona Naicker","doi":"10.3233/efi-220052","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3233/efi-220052","url":null,"abstract":"Racial bias in research impacts a study’s relevancy, validity and reliability, though presently this aspect is not addressed in critical appraisal tools, and consequently appraisers may not take racial bias into account when assessing a paper’s quality. Drawing on Critical Race Theory (CRT) tenets that racism is ubiquitous and race a social construct, this paper discusses concerns regarding racism in research which have been broadly divided into two categories for critical appraisers to consider: the underrepresentation of minoritised ethnic groups in health studies, especially where minoritised populations see higher rates of disease occurrence and; the utilisation of racial/ethnicity data to interpret disparities in outcomes, including speculation of biological race, the misinterpretation of genetic ancestry as race, and the lack of investigation into social determinants of health, including systemic, institutional and interpersonal forms of racism. The injustices exposed in this paper impact the health of minoritised ethnic groups and are therefore a Black Lives Matter issue. They risk resurrecting dangerous theories regarding biological inferiority among minoritised ethnic populations, as well as hindering study findings. The application of CRT frameworks in health science research quality appraisal are discussed in relation to the above themes – using largely UK-based contexts with supporting examples from the US – followed by recommendations for critically appraising for antiracism. Further information to support critically appraising for antiracism can be found via https://www.criticallyappraisingantiracism.org/.","PeriodicalId":84661,"journal":{"name":"Environmental education and information","volume":"13 1","pages":"291-308"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-10-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"73222084","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
This article describes the development process of the Thai cultural knowledge graph, which facilitates a more precise and rapid comprehension of the culture and customs of Thailand. The construction process is as follows: First, data collection technologies and techniques were used to obtain text data from the Wikipedia encyclopedia about cultural traditions in Thailand. Second, entity recognition and relationship extraction were performed on the structured text set. A natural language processing (NLP) technique was used to characterize and extract better textual resources from Wikipedia to support a deeper understanding of user-generated content by using automatic tools. Regarding entity recognition, a BiLSTM model was used to extract relationships between entities. After the entities and their relationships were obtained, triple data were generated from the semistructured data in the existing knowledge base. Then, a knowledge graph was created, knowledge bases were stored in the Neo4j Desktop, and the quality and performance of the created knowledge graph were assessed. According to the experimental findings, the precision value is 84.73%, the recall value is 82.26%, and the F1-score value is 83.47%; therefore, BiLSTM-CNN-CRF can successfully extract entities from the structured text.
{"title":"Culture knowledge graph construction techniques","authors":"Wirapong Chansanam, Yuttana Jaroenruen, Nattapong Kaewboonma, Tuamsuk Kulthida","doi":"10.3233/efi-220028","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3233/efi-220028","url":null,"abstract":"This article describes the development process of the Thai cultural knowledge graph, which facilitates a more precise and rapid comprehension of the culture and customs of Thailand. The construction process is as follows: First, data collection technologies and techniques were used to obtain text data from the Wikipedia encyclopedia about cultural traditions in Thailand. Second, entity recognition and relationship extraction were performed on the structured text set. A natural language processing (NLP) technique was used to characterize and extract better textual resources from Wikipedia to support a deeper understanding of user-generated content by using automatic tools. Regarding entity recognition, a BiLSTM model was used to extract relationships between entities. After the entities and their relationships were obtained, triple data were generated from the semistructured data in the existing knowledge base. Then, a knowledge graph was created, knowledge bases were stored in the Neo4j Desktop, and the quality and performance of the created knowledge graph were assessed. According to the experimental findings, the precision value is 84.73%, the recall value is 82.26%, and the F1-score value is 83.47%; therefore, BiLSTM-CNN-CRF can successfully extract entities from the structured text.","PeriodicalId":84661,"journal":{"name":"Environmental education and information","volume":"43 1","pages":"233-264"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-08-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"79215198","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
M. Fujita, Carmen Agustín-Lacruz, Jessica Beatriz Tolare, A. L. Terra, Gema Bueno de la Fuente
This research presents an exploratory and descriptive study on the use of knowledge organization processes and systems in the context of repositories, published in journals indexed in databases between 2015 and 2020. The authors of these papers do not necessarily publish in specific events and journals in the Knowledge Organization area, but rather in the Library and Information Science arena. The study has been carried out in four steps: 1. Search, retrieval and selection of articles; 2. Development of a data codebook; 3. Identification and codification of topics; and, 4. Analysis of the data extracted. A final sample of 33 articles was defined. The methodology applied to determine the theme of journal articles is presented in detail, including the use of the Classification System for Knowledge Organization Literature (CSKOL). The illustrative data of disciplinarity and interdisciplinarity present in the articles object of this study are shown and discussed, regarding the predominance of certain ranges of CSKOL and regarding the diversity of the representative themes of the contents. It is possible to conclude that the use of CSKOL proves to be a suitable lens for analysing and understanding the literature on the field of knowledge organization in institutional repositories. It is shown that, in these 33 articles the themes of knowledge organization are combined with interdisciplinary themes from other areas of knowledge. In our opinion, this enriches and improves theoretical support for research development.
{"title":"Institutional repositories and knowledge organization: A bibliographic study from Library and Information Science","authors":"M. Fujita, Carmen Agustín-Lacruz, Jessica Beatriz Tolare, A. L. Terra, Gema Bueno de la Fuente","doi":"10.3233/efi-220015","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3233/efi-220015","url":null,"abstract":"This research presents an exploratory and descriptive study on the use of knowledge organization processes and systems in the context of repositories, published in journals indexed in databases between 2015 and 2020. The authors of these papers do not necessarily publish in specific events and journals in the Knowledge Organization area, but rather in the Library and Information Science arena. The study has been carried out in four steps: 1. Search, retrieval and selection of articles; 2. Development of a data codebook; 3. Identification and codification of topics; and, 4. Analysis of the data extracted. A final sample of 33 articles was defined. The methodology applied to determine the theme of journal articles is presented in detail, including the use of the Classification System for Knowledge Organization Literature (CSKOL). The illustrative data of disciplinarity and interdisciplinarity present in the articles object of this study are shown and discussed, regarding the predominance of certain ranges of CSKOL and regarding the diversity of the representative themes of the contents. It is possible to conclude that the use of CSKOL proves to be a suitable lens for analysing and understanding the literature on the field of knowledge organization in institutional repositories. It is shown that, in these 33 articles the themes of knowledge organization are combined with interdisciplinary themes from other areas of knowledge. In our opinion, this enriches and improves theoretical support for research development.","PeriodicalId":84661,"journal":{"name":"Environmental education and information","volume":"965 1","pages":"51-66"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-07-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"85638139","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Carlos Díaz-Redondo, José Antonio Frías, Elvira-Julieta Miguélez-González
This study introduces the preliminary design of LiberIC, which is a description and cataloging tool that collects, controls, contextualizes, classifies, and grants access to representations of books in painting. We worked with a research sample consisting of two thousand paintings via the application of an exploratory and descriptive methodology. Through direct observation of these art pieces, we detected characteristics and particularities that could provide meaning to the pictorial representations of books in them. The collected data was then organized into major categories of information. Taking the principles of description and organization of knowledge as a starting point, and according to the formal style of other widely consolidated international cataloging rules, these categories were, henceforth, refined and progressively adjusted. As a result, we developed a descriptive code that arranged the collected data in nine areas and nearly 100 description fields, ultimately allowing every record to be retrieved through different authorized access points. To delve deeper into the shapes and meanings of these representations, we designed three of these areas in accordance with the theoretical foundations of modern iconography and iconology, which establish three distinct phases in the description, analysis, and interpretation of objects in the Arts. This tool fills a gap in the scientific literature and opens new paths of study. The way data have been structured generates a description model that can be extrapolated to other subjects. Replacing book description fields with description fields related to other types of objects produces a system capable of describing and cataloging any type of iconography.
{"title":"LiberIC: Iconography and iconology knowledge organization in book representations in Painting","authors":"Carlos Díaz-Redondo, José Antonio Frías, Elvira-Julieta Miguélez-González","doi":"10.3233/efi-220016","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3233/efi-220016","url":null,"abstract":"This study introduces the preliminary design of LiberIC, which is a description and cataloging tool that collects, controls, contextualizes, classifies, and grants access to representations of books in painting. We worked with a research sample consisting of two thousand paintings via the application of an exploratory and descriptive methodology. Through direct observation of these art pieces, we detected characteristics and particularities that could provide meaning to the pictorial representations of books in them. The collected data was then organized into major categories of information. Taking the principles of description and organization of knowledge as a starting point, and according to the formal style of other widely consolidated international cataloging rules, these categories were, henceforth, refined and progressively adjusted. As a result, we developed a descriptive code that arranged the collected data in nine areas and nearly 100 description fields, ultimately allowing every record to be retrieved through different authorized access points. To delve deeper into the shapes and meanings of these representations, we designed three of these areas in accordance with the theoretical foundations of modern iconography and iconology, which establish three distinct phases in the description, analysis, and interpretation of objects in the Arts. This tool fills a gap in the scientific literature and opens new paths of study. The way data have been structured generates a description model that can be extrapolated to other subjects. Replacing book description fields with description fields related to other types of objects produces a system capable of describing and cataloging any type of iconography.","PeriodicalId":84661,"journal":{"name":"Environmental education and information","volume":"81 1","pages":"67-85"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-06-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"88445539","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
This study aims to determine the predictors of cyberloafing behaviors of university students. In this context, we examined the effects of smartphone and internet addiction variables on cyberloafing levels. Besides, the mediator effect of internet addiction was determined in the impact of smartphone addiction on cyberloafing. We conducted the questionnaire-based study with 341 students studying at different departments of a state university (faculty of education, faculty of engineering, and vocational school) in Turkey. Participants consisted of 182 male and 159 female. Students filled out the smartphone addiction scale, the internet addiction scale, and the cyberloafing activities scale. The data obtained from the 5-point Likert type scales were evaluated with correlation and regression analyses. The results showed that there is a significant positive relationship between smartphone addiction, internet addiction, and cyberloafing. While internet addiction was a predictor of cyberloafing, it mediated the effect of smartphone addiction on cyberloafing. We discussed the results of this study and offered suggestions for future research.
{"title":"Smartphone and internet addiction as predictors of cyberloafing levels in students: A mediated model","authors":"Mücahit Öztürk, G. Kerse","doi":"10.3233/efi-211564","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3233/efi-211564","url":null,"abstract":"This study aims to determine the predictors of cyberloafing behaviors of university students. In this context, we examined the effects of smartphone and internet addiction variables on cyberloafing levels. Besides, the mediator effect of internet addiction was determined in the impact of smartphone addiction on cyberloafing. We conducted the questionnaire-based study with 341 students studying at different departments of a state university (faculty of education, faculty of engineering, and vocational school) in Turkey. Participants consisted of 182 male and 159 female. Students filled out the smartphone addiction scale, the internet addiction scale, and the cyberloafing activities scale. The data obtained from the 5-point Likert type scales were evaluated with correlation and regression analyses. The results showed that there is a significant positive relationship between smartphone addiction, internet addiction, and cyberloafing. While internet addiction was a predictor of cyberloafing, it mediated the effect of smartphone addiction on cyberloafing. We discussed the results of this study and offered suggestions for future research.","PeriodicalId":84661,"journal":{"name":"Environmental education and information","volume":"51 1","pages":"189-204"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-05-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"88253165","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Since the emergence of postcolonialism, there has been a call for epistemic decolonisation in the African scientific community. Paradigmatic backgrounds are key to defining belief systems that guide research investigations – not only in choice of approach, but also in the contextualisation and execution of research designs. Researchers’ limited understanding of these philosophical backgrounds and the way in which they can transcend towards decolonised research, inhibits researchers’ exploration of the deeper meaning of and commitment to research in the postcolonial context. This paper aims at contextualising the decolonisation of Eurocentric paradigms towards the transcendence of a new worldview that is relevant and unique to the African context. This is done through the analysis of two research methodology modules in Archival Science at an open distance e-learning institution. The genesis of postcolonial research, which lies in replacing dominant “truths” with marginalised “truths”, aims at rearticulating power, change and knowledge through a multiplicity of epistemologies, ontologies, and axiologies. By applying a postcolonial research paradigm, research can be used as a way of expanding knowledge and creating new knowledge as a starting point of epistemic decolonisation. This article contributes to the dismantling of the old order of research paradigms by exploring the transcendence of existing research paradigms and suggesting a research paradigm that provides a lens through which the postcolonial African scholar can conduct the search for truth in the field of Archival Science. However, it should be noted that, even in critical emancipation, there will still be elitism.
{"title":"Transcending the colonial worldview to establish a research paradigm through an African lens: Analysis of research modules in archives","authors":"M. Ngoepe, Lorette Jacobs, Elizabeth Geyer","doi":"10.3233/efi-220006","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3233/efi-220006","url":null,"abstract":"Since the emergence of postcolonialism, there has been a call for epistemic decolonisation in the African scientific community. Paradigmatic backgrounds are key to defining belief systems that guide research investigations – not only in choice of approach, but also in the contextualisation and execution of research designs. Researchers’ limited understanding of these philosophical backgrounds and the way in which they can transcend towards decolonised research, inhibits researchers’ exploration of the deeper meaning of and commitment to research in the postcolonial context. This paper aims at contextualising the decolonisation of Eurocentric paradigms towards the transcendence of a new worldview that is relevant and unique to the African context. This is done through the analysis of two research methodology modules in Archival Science at an open distance e-learning institution. The genesis of postcolonial research, which lies in replacing dominant “truths” with marginalised “truths”, aims at rearticulating power, change and knowledge through a multiplicity of epistemologies, ontologies, and axiologies. By applying a postcolonial research paradigm, research can be used as a way of expanding knowledge and creating new knowledge as a starting point of epistemic decolonisation. This article contributes to the dismantling of the old order of research paradigms by exploring the transcendence of existing research paradigms and suggesting a research paradigm that provides a lens through which the postcolonial African scholar can conduct the search for truth in the field of Archival Science. However, it should be noted that, even in critical emancipation, there will still be elitism.","PeriodicalId":84661,"journal":{"name":"Environmental education and information","volume":"104 1","pages":"213-231"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-05-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"89328624","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Patricia Fusch, Gene E. Fusch, J. Hall, N. Walker, Janet M. Booker
The focus group interview is a strategy that researchers use across all disciplines from marketing to education and cultural studies. Facilitating a focus group interview is challenging even for experienced researchers. This paper shares the authors’ perspectives on the focus group interview with arguments from the literature along with practical applications. The authors use examples from several of their research studies to discuss a scholarly yet practical approach to plan, conduct, and analyze successful focus groups for the intended audience of doctoral students. In addition to suggestions for facilitating data collection and data analysis for the focus group interview, this paper includes strategies to select the participants, ensure participants show up, engage all the focus group participants, address powerful or authoritative personalities, enhance the synergy of the group, and reach consensus.
{"title":"How to conduct a focus group interview: Tips, strategies, and examples for novice researchers","authors":"Patricia Fusch, Gene E. Fusch, J. Hall, N. Walker, Janet M. Booker","doi":"10.3233/efi-211520","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3233/efi-211520","url":null,"abstract":"The focus group interview is a strategy that researchers use across all disciplines from marketing to education and cultural studies. Facilitating a focus group interview is challenging even for experienced researchers. This paper shares the authors’ perspectives on the focus group interview with arguments from the literature along with practical applications. The authors use examples from several of their research studies to discuss a scholarly yet practical approach to plan, conduct, and analyze successful focus groups for the intended audience of doctoral students. In addition to suggestions for facilitating data collection and data analysis for the focus group interview, this paper includes strategies to select the participants, ensure participants show up, engage all the focus group participants, address powerful or authoritative personalities, enhance the synergy of the group, and reach consensus.","PeriodicalId":84661,"journal":{"name":"Environmental education and information","volume":"48 1","pages":"171-187"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-05-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"84442583","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Jen Hoyer & Nora Almeida (2021) The Social Movement Archive. Litwin Press","authors":"K. L. Barre","doi":"10.3233/EFI-220031","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3233/EFI-220031","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":84661,"journal":{"name":"Environmental education and information","volume":"45 1","pages":"271-272"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"76201031","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"LIS Interrupted: Intersections of Mental Health and Library Work","authors":"Alyn Gamble","doi":"10.3233/efi-211571","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3233/efi-211571","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":84661,"journal":{"name":"Environmental education and information","volume":"118 1","pages":"211-212"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-12-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"72502985","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Critical appraisal of evidence is performed to assess its validity, trustworthiness and usefulness in evidence-based practice. There currently exists a large number and variety of critical appraisal tools (also named risk of bias tools and quality assessment instruments), which makes it challenging to identify and choose an appropriate tool to use. We sought to develop an online inventory to inform librarians, practition-ers, graduate students, and researchers about critical appraisal tools. This online inventory was developed from a literature review on critical appraisal tools and is kept up to date using a crowdsourcing collaborative web tool (eSRAP-DIY). To date, 40 tools have been added to the inventory (www.catevaluation.ca), and grouped according to five general categories: (a) quantitative studies, (b) qualitative studies, (c) mixed methods studies, (d) systematic reviews and (e) others. For each tool, a summary is provided with the following information: tool name, study designs, number of items, rating scale, validity, reliability, other information (such as existing websites or previous versions), and main references. Further studies are needed to test and improve the usability of the online inventory, and to find solutions to reduce to monitoring and update workload.
{"title":"Creation of an online inventory for choosing critical appraisal tools","authors":"Q. Hong, J. Bouix-Picasso, Christian Ruchon","doi":"10.3233/efi-211567","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3233/efi-211567","url":null,"abstract":"Critical appraisal of evidence is performed to assess its validity, trustworthiness and usefulness in evidence-based practice. There currently exists a large number and variety of critical appraisal tools (also named risk of bias tools and quality assessment instruments), which makes it challenging to identify and choose an appropriate tool to use. We sought to develop an online inventory to inform librarians, practition-ers, graduate students, and researchers about critical appraisal tools. This online inventory was developed from a literature review on critical appraisal tools and is kept up to date using a crowdsourcing collaborative web tool (eSRAP-DIY). To date, 40 tools have been added to the inventory (www.catevaluation.ca), and grouped according to five general categories: (a) quantitative studies, (b) qualitative studies, (c) mixed methods studies, (d) systematic reviews and (e) others. For each tool, a summary is provided with the following information: tool name, study designs, number of items, rating scale, validity, reliability, other information (such as existing websites or previous versions), and main references. Further studies are needed to test and improve the usability of the online inventory, and to find solutions to reduce to monitoring and update workload.","PeriodicalId":84661,"journal":{"name":"Environmental education and information","volume":"3 1","pages":"205-210"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-12-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"88380037","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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