{"title":"Motivational factors in IUD termination: data from the second Taiwan IUD follow-up survey.","authors":"A I Hermalin, L P Chow","doi":"","DOIUrl":"","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":84728,"journal":{"name":"Family planning resume","volume":"1 1","pages":"149-53"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1977-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"22023304","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Family planning method change and dropouts in the Philippines.","authors":"J A Ballweg, D W Maccorquodale","doi":"","DOIUrl":"","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":84728,"journal":{"name":"Family planning resume","volume":"1 1","pages":"192-9"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1977-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"22023192","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 1974-10-01DOI: 10.1111/J.1540-4560.1974.TB01752.X
J. Stycos
There are 2 philosophies relating to the population problem: population planning, which focuses on the society as the unit of analysis, and family planning, which focuses on the individual or the family as the unit of analysis. The ultimate goals of population planning are those of improvement of the quality of life, economic development, and survival. The goals that have the most support among family planning advocates are those of family health and welfare, women's liberation, and human rights. Population and family planners disagree on the means by which limited population growth may be accomplished. The disparity in the views of these 2 philosophies can be clarified by classifying all the means of population control into 3 categories - primary, secondary, and tertiary. The primary means consists of providing contraceptive information and services to the entire population. The secondary means includes campaigns to persuade people to reduce family size, inducements or rewards for practicing family planning, disincentives aimed at the bearing of large families, and campaigns to persuade people to postpone marriage to a later age. Family planners tend to regard these secondary means as unnecessary although many are amenable to massive persuasion campaigns which supplement the information and delivery systems. The major difference between family planning and population planners occurs in terms of tertiary means, which are structural social changes with only an indirect connection with fertility control. Population planners believe that only by altering and manipulating social institutions on a massive scale will significant demographic change occur.
{"title":"Some dimensions of population and family planning: goals and means.","authors":"J. Stycos","doi":"10.1111/J.1540-4560.1974.TB01752.X","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/J.1540-4560.1974.TB01752.X","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000 There are 2 philosophies relating to the population problem: population planning, which focuses on the society as the unit of analysis, and family planning, which focuses on the individual or the family as the unit of analysis. The ultimate goals of population planning are those of improvement of the quality of life, economic development, and survival. The goals that have the most support among family planning advocates are those of family health and welfare, women's liberation, and human rights. Population and family planners disagree on the means by which limited population growth may be accomplished. The disparity in the views of these 2 philosophies can be clarified by classifying all the means of population control into 3 categories - primary, secondary, and tertiary. The primary means consists of providing contraceptive information and services to the entire population. The secondary means includes campaigns to persuade people to reduce family size, inducements or rewards for practicing family planning, disincentives aimed at the bearing of large families, and campaigns to persuade people to postpone marriage to a later age. Family planners tend to regard these secondary means as unnecessary although many are amenable to massive persuasion campaigns which supplement the information and delivery systems. The major difference between family planning and population planners occurs in terms of tertiary means, which are structural social changes with only an indirect connection with fertility control. Population planners believe that only by altering and manipulating social institutions on a massive scale will significant demographic change occur.\u0000","PeriodicalId":84728,"journal":{"name":"Family planning resume","volume":"1 1 1","pages":"214-8"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1974-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1111/J.1540-4560.1974.TB01752.X","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"63188264","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 1974-10-01DOI: 10.1111/J.1540-4560.1974.TB01757.X
V. Thompson
Negative stereotypes are attached to childless or 1-child couples and to only children. People choosing to have fewer than the socially predicted 2-child norm are responding to rational, individual norms instead of exterior normative pressures. Research has shown that only or widely spaced children benefit from adult contact during development. There is an inverse relationship between intelligence and family size. Only and 1st-born personality characteristics tend to contradict the negative stereotypes. Different reasons why couples choose to have children do not differentially determine the health of the children or the marriage.
{"title":"Family size: implicit policies and assumed psychological outcomes.","authors":"V. Thompson","doi":"10.1111/J.1540-4560.1974.TB01757.X","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/J.1540-4560.1974.TB01757.X","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000 Negative stereotypes are attached to childless or 1-child couples and to only children. People choosing to have fewer than the socially predicted 2-child norm are responding to rational, individual norms instead of exterior normative pressures. Research has shown that only or widely spaced children benefit from adult contact during development. There is an inverse relationship between intelligence and family size. Only and 1st-born personality characteristics tend to contradict the negative stereotypes. Different reasons why couples choose to have children do not differentially determine the health of the children or the marriage.\u0000","PeriodicalId":84728,"journal":{"name":"Family planning resume","volume":"1 1 1","pages":"145-8"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1974-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1111/J.1540-4560.1974.TB01757.X","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"63188489","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 1974-10-01DOI: 10.1111/J.1540-4560.1974.TB01759.X
K. Miller, A. Inkeles
The relationship between individual modernity and adoption of family planning was investigated in East Pakistan (Bangladesh), Israel, India, and Nigeria. The survey involved interviews with approximately 1000 males in each country, with an emphasis on industrial, nonindustrial, and agricultural workers. Results indicated that the variables of modernity, i.e., literacy and amount of education received, degree of exposure to mass media, urban residence, white-collar occupation, and a high standard of living, were only slightly significant in explaining the acceptance of family planning. Survey results indicate that modern experiences have their effect in indirect ways through general psychological modernity. Variables related to family and sex roles do not explain attitudes toward family planning. 2 variables which did relate to family planning attitudes were: belief in science, medicine, and technology, and a secular as opposed to religious life orientation. Implications of the study are that the only way to insure decreasing birthrates in developing countries is to progress with general economic development. However, mere modernization will not achieve the desired results. There must be an emphasis in communication on the value of science, medicine, and technology.
{"title":"Modernity and acceptance of family limitation in four developing countries.","authors":"K. Miller, A. Inkeles","doi":"10.1111/J.1540-4560.1974.TB01759.X","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/J.1540-4560.1974.TB01759.X","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000 The relationship between individual modernity and adoption of family planning was investigated in East Pakistan (Bangladesh), Israel, India, and Nigeria. The survey involved interviews with approximately 1000 males in each country, with an emphasis on industrial, nonindustrial, and agricultural workers. Results indicated that the variables of modernity, i.e., literacy and amount of education received, degree of exposure to mass media, urban residence, white-collar occupation, and a high standard of living, were only slightly significant in explaining the acceptance of family planning. Survey results indicate that modern experiences have their effect in indirect ways through general psychological modernity. Variables related to family and sex roles do not explain attitudes toward family planning. 2 variables which did relate to family planning attitudes were: belief in science, medicine, and technology, and a secular as opposed to religious life orientation. Implications of the study are that the only way to insure decreasing birthrates in developing countries is to progress with general economic development. However, mere modernization will not achieve the desired results. There must be an emphasis in communication on the value of science, medicine, and technology.\u0000","PeriodicalId":84728,"journal":{"name":"Family planning resume","volume":"9 1","pages":"79-84"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1974-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1111/J.1540-4560.1974.TB01759.X","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"63188054","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
In the last 10 years childlessness in North America has increased. This has been particularly the case among women under 30. Voluntary childlessness should be recognized as a viable alternative to conventional family life, particularly for couples who become parents only as a result of pronatalist pressures. Respected and legitimate childlessness may actually be a desirable life adjustment for individuals confronted with a worsening of the employment situation, a deterioration of their marital relationship, and an intensification of emotional and mental stress as a result of having children. Rather than simply supporting existing pronatalist views, counselors and physicians should be supportive of couples who have consciously chosen to remain childless. Control of fertility should be the right of the individual and should not be under the unlateral control of frequently biased physicians. Contraception and abortion should be available to all and not be subject to marital or parental status. It is also mandatory that there be recognition of the legal right to sterilization of individuals of legal age and with sufficient understanding of the consequences.
{"title":"Voluntary childlessness and social policy: an alternative view.","authors":"J. Veevers","doi":"10.2307/583116","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2307/583116","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000 In the last 10 years childlessness in North America has increased. This has been particularly the case among women under 30. Voluntary childlessness should be recognized as a viable alternative to conventional family life, particularly for couples who become parents only as a result of pronatalist pressures. Respected and legitimate childlessness may actually be a desirable life adjustment for individuals confronted with a worsening of the employment situation, a deterioration of their marital relationship, and an intensification of emotional and mental stress as a result of having children. Rather than simply supporting existing pronatalist views, counselors and physicians should be supportive of couples who have consciously chosen to remain childless. Control of fertility should be the right of the individual and should not be under the unlateral control of frequently biased physicians. Contraception and abortion should be available to all and not be subject to marital or parental status. It is also mandatory that there be recognition of the legal right to sterilization of individuals of legal age and with sufficient understanding of the consequences.\u0000","PeriodicalId":84728,"journal":{"name":"Family planning resume","volume":"1 1 1","pages":"254-6"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1974-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.2307/583116","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"69109907","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 1974-10-01DOI: 10.1111/J.1540-4560.1974.TB01761.X
T. J. Crawford
The proposed abandonment of the persuasion approach in the area of population policy may be premature; the application of recent developments in attitude theory to family planning programs might refute the current pessimism concerning the power of persuasion in population policy. Persuasion and positive incentives are realistic and viable alternative in terms of Berelson's 6 criteria - scientific readiness, political viability, administrative feasibility, economic capability, ethical acceptability, and presumed effectiveness. Communication and persuasion programs that attempt to change behavior should direct their attention to changing intentions to engage in specific family planning behaviors within a given period of time rather than at changing global evaluations of "birth control" or "large families." There needs to be 1) an emphasis upon changing intentions to perform specific behaviors within a fixed time period, 2) a functional analysis of the relative importance of the 3 general needs served by attitudes as they influence behavioral intentions, 3) focus on what appear to be situationally engaged and behavior-relevant beliefs and attitudes, and 4) a change in both anticipated and actual situational determinants to behavior.
{"title":"Theories of attitude change and the \"beyond family planning\" debate: the case for the persuasion approach in population policy.","authors":"T. J. Crawford","doi":"10.1111/J.1540-4560.1974.TB01761.X","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/J.1540-4560.1974.TB01761.X","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000 The proposed abandonment of the persuasion approach in the area of population policy may be premature; the application of recent developments in attitude theory to family planning programs might refute the current pessimism concerning the power of persuasion in population policy. Persuasion and positive incentives are realistic and viable alternative in terms of Berelson's 6 criteria - scientific readiness, political viability, administrative feasibility, economic capability, ethical acceptability, and presumed effectiveness. Communication and persuasion programs that attempt to change behavior should direct their attention to changing intentions to engage in specific family planning behaviors within a given period of time rather than at changing global evaluations of \"birth control\" or \"large families.\" There needs to be 1) an emphasis upon changing intentions to perform specific behaviors within a fixed time period, 2) a functional analysis of the relative importance of the 3 general needs served by attitudes as they influence behavioral intentions, 3) focus on what appear to be situationally engaged and behavior-relevant beliefs and attitudes, and 4) a change in both anticipated and actual situational determinants to behavior.\u0000","PeriodicalId":84728,"journal":{"name":"Family planning resume","volume":"1 1 1","pages":"61-4"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1974-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1111/J.1540-4560.1974.TB01761.X","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"63188143","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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