Pub Date : 2024-03-31DOI: 10.3923/ajbs.2024.128.137
Shak Abdulla, Appasamy Surendran, A. Thatheyus
{"title":"Studies on the Influence of Artificial Fish Feed on the Growth of the Fingerlings of the Spotted Tilapia, Pelmatolapia mariae","authors":"Shak Abdulla, Appasamy Surendran, A. Thatheyus","doi":"10.3923/ajbs.2024.128.137","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3923/ajbs.2024.128.137","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":8481,"journal":{"name":"Asian Journal of Biological Sciences","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-03-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140358234","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-03-31DOI: 10.3923/ajbs.2024.102.109
E. C. Onuoha, Vivian. A. Maduka
{"title":"Evaluation of C-Reactive Protein and Methaemoglobin of Alcoholics Resident in Bayelsa State","authors":"E. C. Onuoha, Vivian. A. Maduka","doi":"10.3923/ajbs.2024.102.109","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3923/ajbs.2024.102.109","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":8481,"journal":{"name":"Asian Journal of Biological Sciences","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-03-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140359478","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Ayorinde Babatund Fasan, Oluwaseun Adekoya Adelaja, J. Babatola, Daniel Toyin Oloruntoba
The erratic power supply in Nigeria has led to a decline in economic development and a low standard of living for many people within the country. Access to Nigeria’s electricity has been low for a very long time with no improvement in sight. One of the ways of resolving this problem is the provision of a microbial fuel cell (MFC) that can power some of the devices at home. This study investigates some of the electrochemical parameters of the electrolyte in microbial fuel cells. Three identical laboratory microbial fuel cells (MFCs) were constructed with a working volume of 1000 mL for each chamber. The MFCs were constructed in an H-shaped design with both chambers separated by cation ceramic membranes (CEM). Activated carbon materials obtained from white afara tree ( Terminalia superba (TS)), bamboo tree ( Bambusa vulgaris (BV)) and carbon cloth (CC) were used as the electrodes which were dipped into the reactors as MFC-1, MFC-2 and MFC-3, respectively. The electrochemical parameters of the electrolyte were studied. The maximum potential difference being obtained from MFC-1 ( Terminalia superba (TS)) and MFC-3 (carbon cloth (CC)) occurred on day 5 which were 0.510 V and 0.95 V, respectively. The maximum potential difference obtained from MFC-2 ( Bambusa vulgaris (BV)) occurred on day 15 which was 0.2 V. The results generated in this study showed that MFC-3 (carbon cloth (CC)) performed better in terms of voltage generation. The result of MFC-1 ( Terminalia superba (TS)) showed that it performed better than MFC-2 ( Bambusa vulgaris (BV) in terms of voltage generation. The results provide further information on the possibility of using MFCs for electricity generation.
{"title":"Determination of Electrochemical Properties of Electrolytes from Domestic Wastewater","authors":"Ayorinde Babatund Fasan, Oluwaseun Adekoya Adelaja, J. Babatola, Daniel Toyin Oloruntoba","doi":"10.3923/ajbs.2024.41.52","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3923/ajbs.2024.41.52","url":null,"abstract":"The erratic power supply in Nigeria has led to a decline in economic development and a low standard of living for many people within the country. Access to Nigeria’s electricity has been low for a very long time with no improvement in sight. One of the ways of resolving this problem is the provision of a microbial fuel cell (MFC) that can power some of the devices at home. This study investigates some of the electrochemical parameters of the electrolyte in microbial fuel cells. Three identical laboratory microbial fuel cells (MFCs) were constructed with a working volume of 1000 mL for each chamber. The MFCs were constructed in an H-shaped design with both chambers separated by cation ceramic membranes (CEM). Activated carbon materials obtained from white afara tree ( Terminalia superba (TS)), bamboo tree ( Bambusa vulgaris (BV)) and carbon cloth (CC) were used as the electrodes which were dipped into the reactors as MFC-1, MFC-2 and MFC-3, respectively. The electrochemical parameters of the electrolyte were studied. The maximum potential difference being obtained from MFC-1 ( Terminalia superba (TS)) and MFC-3 (carbon cloth (CC)) occurred on day 5 which were 0.510 V and 0.95 V, respectively. The maximum potential difference obtained from MFC-2 ( Bambusa vulgaris (BV)) occurred on day 15 which was 0.2 V. The results generated in this study showed that MFC-3 (carbon cloth (CC)) performed better in terms of voltage generation. The result of MFC-1 ( Terminalia superba (TS)) showed that it performed better than MFC-2 ( Bambusa vulgaris (BV) in terms of voltage generation. The results provide further information on the possibility of using MFCs for electricity generation.","PeriodicalId":8481,"journal":{"name":"Asian Journal of Biological Sciences","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-03-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140358822","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-03-31DOI: 10.3923/ajbs.2024.93.101
Timothy Auta, Benjamin Felix Sani, M. A. Sadauki
{"title":"Water Quality, Zooplankton Community and their Interaction in FUDMA Earthen Production Fish Pond","authors":"Timothy Auta, Benjamin Felix Sani, M. A. Sadauki","doi":"10.3923/ajbs.2024.93.101","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3923/ajbs.2024.93.101","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":8481,"journal":{"name":"Asian Journal of Biological Sciences","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-03-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140358223","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Background and Objective: Acetylcholinesterase inhibitors are important therapeutic agents in Alzheimer’s and other cognitive complications. The study aimed to evaluate acetylcholinesterase inhibition, antioxidant activity and other biochemical indices of the three solvent-extracts of five plant species from South-Western Nigeria. Materials and Methods: The leaves were extracted with solvents, phytochemical screening and in vitro antioxidant properties of the extracts were determined. Rats weighing between 140 to 150 g were divided into groups comprising of normal control, 2,2-dichlorovinyl dimethyl phosphate (DDVP), aqueous, methanol and ethanol groups for each of the five plants. The rats were induced with 3.3 mg kg G 1 b.wt., of DDVP for two weeks with the aim of inducing cognitive complications while the induced animals were treated with 3.3 mg kg G 1 b.wt., of the extracts of the five plant species for another two weeks. The rats were anaesthetized and quickly dissected individually to collect serum and organs homogenates to evaluate the studied parameters using standard procedures. Results: The three extracts of the five plants show powerful in vitro and in vivo antioxidant properties, impressive anti-lipid peroxidation potentials and promising acetylcholinesterase inhibition activity. Conclusion: These plant solvents extracts could be locally utilized in drug developments to prevent and cure the consequences of Alzheimer disease (AD) and associated disorders.
背景和目的：乙酰胆碱酯酶抑制剂是治疗阿尔茨海默氏症和其他认知并发症的重要药物。本研究旨在评估尼日利亚西南部五种植物的三种溶剂提取物的乙酰胆碱酯酶抑制作用、抗氧化活性和其他生化指标。材料与方法用溶剂萃取叶片，进行植物化学筛选，并测定萃取物的体外抗氧化特性。将体重在 140 至 150 克之间的大鼠分成若干组，包括正常对照组、2,2-二氯乙烯基二甲基磷酸酯（DDVP）组、五种植物的水溶液组、甲醇组和乙醇组。用 3.3 mg kg G 1 b.wt. 的 DDVP 诱导大鼠两周，目的是诱发认知并发症，同时用 3.3 mg kg G 1 b.wt. 的五种植物提取物治疗诱导动物两周。对大鼠进行麻醉并迅速逐只解剖，收集血清和器官匀浆，采用标准程序对研究参数进行评估。结果这五种植物的三种提取物显示出强大的体外和体内抗氧化特性、令人印象深刻的抗脂质过氧化潜能和良好的乙酰胆碱酯酶抑制活性。结论这些植物溶剂提取物可用于本地药物开发，以预防和治疗阿尔茨海默病（AD）及其相关疾病。
{"title":"Comparative Anti-Oxidative and Acetylcholinesterase Inhibition Potentials of Selected Plants in Treating Alzheimer’s and Degenerative Diseases","authors":"O. Oseni, G. S. Adeleye","doi":"10.3923/ajbs.2024.53.68","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3923/ajbs.2024.53.68","url":null,"abstract":"Background and Objective: Acetylcholinesterase inhibitors are important therapeutic agents in Alzheimer’s and other cognitive complications. The study aimed to evaluate acetylcholinesterase inhibition, antioxidant activity and other biochemical indices of the three solvent-extracts of five plant species from South-Western Nigeria. Materials and Methods: The leaves were extracted with solvents, phytochemical screening and in vitro antioxidant properties of the extracts were determined. Rats weighing between 140 to 150 g were divided into groups comprising of normal control, 2,2-dichlorovinyl dimethyl phosphate (DDVP), aqueous, methanol and ethanol groups for each of the five plants. The rats were induced with 3.3 mg kg G 1 b.wt., of DDVP for two weeks with the aim of inducing cognitive complications while the induced animals were treated with 3.3 mg kg G 1 b.wt., of the extracts of the five plant species for another two weeks. The rats were anaesthetized and quickly dissected individually to collect serum and organs homogenates to evaluate the studied parameters using standard procedures. Results: The three extracts of the five plants show powerful in vitro and in vivo antioxidant properties, impressive anti-lipid peroxidation potentials and promising acetylcholinesterase inhibition activity. Conclusion: These plant solvents extracts could be locally utilized in drug developments to prevent and cure the consequences of Alzheimer disease (AD) and associated disorders.","PeriodicalId":8481,"journal":{"name":"Asian Journal of Biological Sciences","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-03-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140359015","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Background and Objective: The medicinal importance of plants and plant products have been of global relevance and interest. However, this study sought to investigate the proximate and antinutrients compositions, nutritional viable minerals evaluation and in vitro antioxidants assessments of the Passiflora edulis plant. Materials and Methods: Fresh samples of the plant of passion fruit ( Passiflora edulis Sims) were obtained and separated into the leaf, leaf stalk, fruit pod and fruit seed which were air-dried, crushed and subsequently ground to powder and assessed for various parameters using standard methods. Results: The proximate analysis showed that nutritional compounds were well distributed in different concentrations in the plant. The antinutrients factors of phytate, oxalate and tannin were present in varying concentrations in the plant. The results also showed the leaves and seeds contained higher concentrations of vitamin C than other parts of the plant. The in vitro antioxidant analyses of various parts of the plant showed that all the parts possessed the ability to scavenge DPPH and ABTS free radicals, ferric reducing antioxidant power with iron chelation potential as well as good concentrations of flavonoids and total phenolic contents in varying percentages and concentrations in all the parts of the plant. It was also evidenced in the results that all the parts of the plant contained macro and micro nutritional viable elements like iron, sodium, calcium, zinc, manganese, nickel, cobalt and copper as well as lead except chromium and cadmium that were not detectable. Conclusion: It could also be seen from the results that all the parts of the plant are potentially good sources of nutritional and medicinally important compounds and can be utilized in animal feeds composition.
背景和目的：植物和植物产品的药用价值一直是全球关注的焦点。然而，本研究试图调查西番莲植物的近似和抗营养成分组成、营养活性矿物质评估和体外抗氧化剂评估。材料和方法：获取百香果（Passiflora edulis Sims）植物的新鲜样本，并将其分为叶片、叶柄、果荚和果实种子，将其风干、粉碎，然后研磨成粉末，并采用标准方法对各种参数进行评估。结果：近似分析表明，营养成分在植物中以不同浓度分布。植酸、草酸和单宁等抗营养因子在植物中存在不同浓度。结果还显示，叶片和种子中的维生素 C 含量高于植物的其他部分。对该植物不同部位的体外抗氧化分析表明，所有部位都具有清除 DPPH 和 ABTS 自由基的能力、具有铁螯合潜力的铁还原抗氧化能力以及黄酮类化合物和总酚含量的良好浓度，在该植物的所有部位都存在不同比例和浓度的黄酮类化合物和总酚含量。研究结果还表明，除铬和镉未检出外，植物的所有部分都含有宏观和微观营养元素，如铁、钠、钙、锌、锰、镍、钴、铜和铅。结论从结果中还可以看出，该植物的所有部分都是营养和药用重要化合物的潜在良好来源，可用于动物饲料成分中。
{"title":"Chemical and Some Biochemical Assessments of Various Parts of Passion Fruit (Passiflora edulis Sims) Plant","authors":"Oseni Olatunda Abass, Seyinde Doris, Abe Taiwo Olorunshola, Igbe Festus","doi":"10.3923/ajbs.2024.32.40","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3923/ajbs.2024.32.40","url":null,"abstract":"Background and Objective: The medicinal importance of plants and plant products have been of global relevance and interest. However, this study sought to investigate the proximate and antinutrients compositions, nutritional viable minerals evaluation and in vitro antioxidants assessments of the Passiflora edulis plant. Materials and Methods: Fresh samples of the plant of passion fruit ( Passiflora edulis Sims) were obtained and separated into the leaf, leaf stalk, fruit pod and fruit seed which were air-dried, crushed and subsequently ground to powder and assessed for various parameters using standard methods. Results: The proximate analysis showed that nutritional compounds were well distributed in different concentrations in the plant. The antinutrients factors of phytate, oxalate and tannin were present in varying concentrations in the plant. The results also showed the leaves and seeds contained higher concentrations of vitamin C than other parts of the plant. The in vitro antioxidant analyses of various parts of the plant showed that all the parts possessed the ability to scavenge DPPH and ABTS free radicals, ferric reducing antioxidant power with iron chelation potential as well as good concentrations of flavonoids and total phenolic contents in varying percentages and concentrations in all the parts of the plant. It was also evidenced in the results that all the parts of the plant contained macro and micro nutritional viable elements like iron, sodium, calcium, zinc, manganese, nickel, cobalt and copper as well as lead except chromium and cadmium that were not detectable. Conclusion: It could also be seen from the results that all the parts of the plant are potentially good sources of nutritional and medicinally important compounds and can be utilized in animal feeds composition.","PeriodicalId":8481,"journal":{"name":"Asian Journal of Biological Sciences","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-03-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140359195","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Soil Loss Estimation and Sub-Watersheds Prioritization for Management Using GIS-Based RUSLE Technique in Halaba-Bilate Watershed, Ethiopia","authors":"Zemede Amado, Tewodros Assefa","doi":"10.3923/ajbs.2024.1.20","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3923/ajbs.2024.1.20","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":8481,"journal":{"name":"Asian Journal of Biological Sciences","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-03-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140359441","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
W. Amegah, Christopher Larbie, Frederick Sarfo-Antwi, Richard Sedeafor
Background and Objective: Detarium microcarpum and Zanthoxylum zanthoxyloides are both tropical medicinal plants used for the treatment and management of numerous ailments including diabetes. This study sought to evaluate the antidiabetic potential and efficacy, antioxidant and safety profile of the plants and combined extracts of the Detarium microcarpum and Zanthoxylum zanthoxyloides . Materials and Methods: The combined ( Detarium microcarpum and Zanthoxylum zanthoxyloides ) and separate plant parts were extracted with different solvents. Phytochemical analysis, radical scavenging activity and heavy metal content assessments were conducted. The antidiabetic potential of the extracts was further evaluated in vivo by employing the Oral Glucose Tolerance Test (OGTT) in 21 Wistar rats. The safety profile of the extracts was evaluated by assessing the effect of the extracts on the percentage change in body weights, hematological parameters and biochemical parameters as well. One-way and two-way analysis of variance followed by Dunnett’s multiple comparison test was used at p<0.05. Results: Alkaloids, terpenoids, saponins and tannins were present in aqueous extracts. The combined aqueous extract showed better radical scavenging activity. In a glucose tolerance test on rats, the combined extract demonstrated the most effective glucose reduction (from 6.83-4.60 mmol L G 1 ). Combined extract also had better antioxidant and antihyperglycemic effects compared to individual extracts. Conclusion: All extracts were safe concerning hematological and biochemical parameters. Combined extracts showed better therapeutic potential compared to the individual extracts.
背景和目的：Detarium microcarpum 和 Zanthoxylum zanthoxyloides 都是热带药用植物，用于治疗和控制包括糖尿病在内的多种疾病。本研究旨在评估这两种植物的抗糖尿病潜力和疗效、抗氧化性和安全性，以及它们的联合提取物。材料与方法：用不同溶剂萃取两种植物的混合部分（Detarium microcarpum 和 Zanthoxylum zanthoxyloides）和单独部分。进行了植物化学分析、自由基清除活性和重金属含量评估。通过对 21 只 Wistar 大鼠进行口服葡萄糖耐量试验（OGTT），进一步评估了萃取物的体内抗糖尿病潜力。通过评估萃取物对体重变化百分比、血液学参数和生化参数的影响，对萃取物的安全性进行了评估。采用单因素和双因素方差分析，然后进行邓尼特多重比较试验，P<0.05。结果水提取物中含有生物碱、萜类化合物、皂苷和单宁酸。混合水提取物具有更好的自由基清除活性。在对大鼠进行的葡萄糖耐量试验中，综合提取物能最有效地降低葡萄糖（从 6.83-4.60 mmol L G 1）。与单个提取物相比，复合提取物还具有更好的抗氧化和降血糖作用。结论所有提取物对血液学和生化参数都是安全的。与单个提取物相比，复合提取物显示出更好的治疗潜力。
{"title":"Antidiabetic and Antioxidant Potential of Detarium microcarpum and Zanthoxylum zanthoxyloides and Combined Extract Efficacy in Rats","authors":"W. Amegah, Christopher Larbie, Frederick Sarfo-Antwi, Richard Sedeafor","doi":"10.3923/ajbs.2024.69.84","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3923/ajbs.2024.69.84","url":null,"abstract":"Background and Objective: Detarium microcarpum and Zanthoxylum zanthoxyloides are both tropical medicinal plants used for the treatment and management of numerous ailments including diabetes. This study sought to evaluate the antidiabetic potential and efficacy, antioxidant and safety profile of the plants and combined extracts of the Detarium microcarpum and Zanthoxylum zanthoxyloides . Materials and Methods: The combined ( Detarium microcarpum and Zanthoxylum zanthoxyloides ) and separate plant parts were extracted with different solvents. Phytochemical analysis, radical scavenging activity and heavy metal content assessments were conducted. The antidiabetic potential of the extracts was further evaluated in vivo by employing the Oral Glucose Tolerance Test (OGTT) in 21 Wistar rats. The safety profile of the extracts was evaluated by assessing the effect of the extracts on the percentage change in body weights, hematological parameters and biochemical parameters as well. One-way and two-way analysis of variance followed by Dunnett’s multiple comparison test was used at p<0.05. Results: Alkaloids, terpenoids, saponins and tannins were present in aqueous extracts. The combined aqueous extract showed better radical scavenging activity. In a glucose tolerance test on rats, the combined extract demonstrated the most effective glucose reduction (from 6.83-4.60 mmol L G 1 ). Combined extract also had better antioxidant and antihyperglycemic effects compared to individual extracts. Conclusion: All extracts were safe concerning hematological and biochemical parameters. Combined extracts showed better therapeutic potential compared to the individual extracts.","PeriodicalId":8481,"journal":{"name":"Asian Journal of Biological Sciences","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-03-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140359398","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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