Pub Date : 2023-06-30DOI: 10.3923/ajbs.2023.187.194
Mohammad Yahaya Abubakar, Ibrahim Magawata
Background and Objective: The poor survival and growth of Heterobranchus bidorsalis larvae recorded during rearing from post-yolk absorption to fingerlings in the hatchery have been a major problem brothering farmers in Northern Nigeria. This study was conducted to evaluate the efficacy of a commercial diet supplemented with commercial probiotics YUGE ® in the rearing of Heterobranchus bidorsalis larvae to test if it will improve survival and growth in a static renewal system. Materials and Methods: Two weeks old larvae weaned on decapsulated artemia were reared on 0.0, 1.0, 2.0 and 3.0 g kg G 1 levels of probiotics YUGE ® supplemented commercial diet (Aqualis ® fry powder) making up four dietary treatments allocated in triplicate in a completely randomized design. Results: Survival, growth and microbial constituent of larvae subjected to each treatment were monitored during four weeks of rearing. The result of the study showed that there was no significant difference (p>0.05) in the percent survival rate among the treatments. Larvae-fed probiotics YUGE ® supplemented at 1.0 to 2.0 g kg G 1 revealed higher growth and the highest Bacillus spp., recorded in gut microflora. Conclusion: It was concluded that the supplementation of the probiotics YUGE ® in the diets of the larvae enhanced the percent occurrence of gut-beneficial Bacillus spp., at 1 to 2 g kg G 1 of each which could have influenced the larvae’s better performance in terms of survival and growth.
背景和目的：在孵化场从卵黄吸收后到幼苗的饲养过程中记录到的双髻鲷幼体存活率和生长状况不佳一直是困扰尼日利亚北部农民兄弟的一个主要问题。本研究旨在评估添加了商用益生菌 YUGE ® 的商用日粮在饲养大菱鲆幼体过程中的功效，以检验它是否能提高静态更新系统中的存活率和生长率。材料与方法在 0.0、1.0、2.0 和 3.0 g kg G 1 水平的益生菌 "裕景®"辅食（Aqualis ®鱼苗粉）中饲养吃脱鳔蒿草断奶的两周龄幼体，在完全随机设计中分配四种饮食处理，每种处理一式三份。结果在四周的饲养过程中，对每种处理的幼体的存活率、生长情况和微生物成分进行了监测。研究结果表明，各处理的存活率无显著差异（P>0.05）。以 1.0 至 2.0 g kg G 1 的剂量添加益生菌 "裕景®"，幼虫的生长速度较快，肠道微生物区系中的芽孢杆菌数量最多。结论结论：在幼虫日粮中添加益生菌 "YUGE ®"可提高肠道有益芽孢杆菌属的出现率，每种益生菌的添加量为 1 至 2 g kg G 1，这可能会影响幼虫在存活和生长方面的表现。
{"title":"Effect of Probiotics-YUGE® on Survival and Growth of Heterobranchus bidorsalis Larvae Reared in Static-Renewal System","authors":"Mohammad Yahaya Abubakar, Ibrahim Magawata","doi":"10.3923/ajbs.2023.187.194","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3923/ajbs.2023.187.194","url":null,"abstract":"Background and Objective: The poor survival and growth of Heterobranchus bidorsalis larvae recorded during rearing from post-yolk absorption to fingerlings in the hatchery have been a major problem brothering farmers in Northern Nigeria. This study was conducted to evaluate the efficacy of a commercial diet supplemented with commercial probiotics YUGE ® in the rearing of Heterobranchus bidorsalis larvae to test if it will improve survival and growth in a static renewal system. Materials and Methods: Two weeks old larvae weaned on decapsulated artemia were reared on 0.0, 1.0, 2.0 and 3.0 g kg G 1 levels of probiotics YUGE ® supplemented commercial diet (Aqualis ® fry powder) making up four dietary treatments allocated in triplicate in a completely randomized design. Results: Survival, growth and microbial constituent of larvae subjected to each treatment were monitored during four weeks of rearing. The result of the study showed that there was no significant difference (p>0.05) in the percent survival rate among the treatments. Larvae-fed probiotics YUGE ® supplemented at 1.0 to 2.0 g kg G 1 revealed higher growth and the highest Bacillus spp., recorded in gut microflora. Conclusion: It was concluded that the supplementation of the probiotics YUGE ® in the diets of the larvae enhanced the percent occurrence of gut-beneficial Bacillus spp., at 1 to 2 g kg G 1 of each which could have influenced the larvae’s better performance in terms of survival and growth.","PeriodicalId":8481,"journal":{"name":"Asian Journal of Biological Sciences","volume":"6 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-06-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139367653","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Background and Objective: Carissa spinarum is a plant used in West African countries such as Togo to manage erectile dysfunction. Despite this usage, there are no scientific proof of its aphrodisiac potential. This work was then, carried out to evaluate the aphrodisiac potential of Carissa spinarum roots hydro-alcoholic extract associated with its quantitative phytochemical composition and its antioxidant activity. Materials and Methods: Prior to the aphrodisiac potential study, the quantitative phytochemical screening and the antioxidant activity of the extract were assessed. The quantitative phytochemical screening was done to determine the amount of tannin, total phenols, flavonoids and cardiac glycosides in the extract. The antioxidant properties were performed through total antioxidant capacity (TAC), reducing power and, free radicals 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) eliminating activity. The aphrodisiac potential of the extract was evaluated by studying its effect (75 and 150 mg kg G 1 ) on sexual behavior (number of sexual rises and anogenital sniffing as well as their respective latency) in male ICR mice compared to sildenafil (5 mg kg G 1 ). Results: The hydroethanolic root extract of Carissa spinarum contained 23.21±1.42 mg Eq AG/g of extract of total phenol, 14.97±0.30 mg Eq of rutin/g of extract of flavonoids, 7.09±1.42 mg of Eq AG/g of extract of tannins and 7.84±0.42 mg d’Eq of digoxin/g of extract of cardiac glycosides. The extract produced antioxidant activity and significantly altered sexual behavior parameters, especially at the dose of 150 mg kg G 1 . Thus, the number of sexual mounting and anogenital sniffing was significantly increased (p<0.0001). Inversely, their respective latency decreased significantly (p<0.0001). Conclusion: It emerges from this study, that the hydroethanolic extract of Carissa spinarum roots has antioxidant properties and aphrodisiac activities
{"title":"Quantitative Phytochemical Screening, Antioxidant and Aphrodisiac Potential Studies of Hydroethanolic Root Extract of Carissa spicatum L.","authors":"Dossou-Yovo Komla Mawubedjro, Aboudoulatif Diallo, P. Lawson-Evi, Yendubé T. Kantati, Kokou Atchou, Délagno Irénée Kueviakoé, Mendédé Assih, Sabrina Sanvee, Essotolom Badjabaïsi","doi":"10.3923/ajbs.2023.155.166","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3923/ajbs.2023.155.166","url":null,"abstract":"Background and Objective: Carissa spinarum is a plant used in West African countries such as Togo to manage erectile dysfunction. Despite this usage, there are no scientific proof of its aphrodisiac potential. This work was then, carried out to evaluate the aphrodisiac potential of Carissa spinarum roots hydro-alcoholic extract associated with its quantitative phytochemical composition and its antioxidant activity. Materials and Methods: Prior to the aphrodisiac potential study, the quantitative phytochemical screening and the antioxidant activity of the extract were assessed. The quantitative phytochemical screening was done to determine the amount of tannin, total phenols, flavonoids and cardiac glycosides in the extract. The antioxidant properties were performed through total antioxidant capacity (TAC), reducing power and, free radicals 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) eliminating activity. The aphrodisiac potential of the extract was evaluated by studying its effect (75 and 150 mg kg G 1 ) on sexual behavior (number of sexual rises and anogenital sniffing as well as their respective latency) in male ICR mice compared to sildenafil (5 mg kg G 1 ). Results: The hydroethanolic root extract of Carissa spinarum contained 23.21±1.42 mg Eq AG/g of extract of total phenol, 14.97±0.30 mg Eq of rutin/g of extract of flavonoids, 7.09±1.42 mg of Eq AG/g of extract of tannins and 7.84±0.42 mg d’Eq of digoxin/g of extract of cardiac glycosides. The extract produced antioxidant activity and significantly altered sexual behavior parameters, especially at the dose of 150 mg kg G 1 . Thus, the number of sexual mounting and anogenital sniffing was significantly increased (p<0.0001). Inversely, their respective latency decreased significantly (p<0.0001). Conclusion: It emerges from this study, that the hydroethanolic extract of Carissa spinarum roots has antioxidant properties and aphrodisiac activities","PeriodicalId":8481,"journal":{"name":"Asian Journal of Biological Sciences","volume":"321 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-06-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139366755","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Background and Objective: Mungbean is relatively unknown and underutilized pulse in Southeast Nigeria with enormous potential to eliminate hunger and malnutrition in the region. This study was carried out to evaluate, characterize and select promising mungbean genotypes based on morphological and agronomic traits in an attempt to increase the legume base and secure alternative sources of plant-based proteins for Nigerians. Materials and Methods: Ten mungbean accessions were characterized and evaluated between April to October, 2020 at the Department of Crop Science, University of Nigeria, in a randomized complete block design (RCBD) with four replications. Data were collected on 23 morphological and 21 agronomic traits. Results: The clear-cut variation in 21 of 23 morphological traits and 16 of 21 agronomic traits. The number of pods (NOP) per plant, number of seeds (NOS) per pod and seed yield were the most discriminating yield indices. The Tvr18 and Tvr79 recorded higher NOP per plant, NOS per pod and seed yield and were therefore selected for advancement to the next generation. The ten accessions were clustered into two distinct groups, cluster I and II, with 8 and 2 accessions, respectively. The Tvr83 showed uniqueness for a higher number of leaves (NOL), number of branches (NOB), NOP per plant (although with shorter pods) and smaller leaves compared to the other nine accessions. Conclusion: The two high yielding accessions, Tvr18 and Tvr79 could provide flatulence free proteins to Nigerians while, Tvr83 is a valuable candidate for improvement of Tvr18 and Tvr79 in any of these traits for which it showed superiority.
{"title":"Morphology and Agronomic Evaluation of Ten Mungbean (Vigna radiata L.) Accessions in Derived Savanna Agroecology of Southeast Nigeria","authors":"Uchenna Ukwu, Blessing Ngozika Oburu, Stella Ogochukwu Muojiama, V. Osadebe, Nathaniel Dauda, Solomon Oluwaseyi Adewuyi","doi":"10.3923/ajbs.2023.110.120","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3923/ajbs.2023.110.120","url":null,"abstract":"Background and Objective: Mungbean is relatively unknown and underutilized pulse in Southeast Nigeria with enormous potential to eliminate hunger and malnutrition in the region. This study was carried out to evaluate, characterize and select promising mungbean genotypes based on morphological and agronomic traits in an attempt to increase the legume base and secure alternative sources of plant-based proteins for Nigerians. Materials and Methods: Ten mungbean accessions were characterized and evaluated between April to October, 2020 at the Department of Crop Science, University of Nigeria, in a randomized complete block design (RCBD) with four replications. Data were collected on 23 morphological and 21 agronomic traits. Results: The clear-cut variation in 21 of 23 morphological traits and 16 of 21 agronomic traits. The number of pods (NOP) per plant, number of seeds (NOS) per pod and seed yield were the most discriminating yield indices. The Tvr18 and Tvr79 recorded higher NOP per plant, NOS per pod and seed yield and were therefore selected for advancement to the next generation. The ten accessions were clustered into two distinct groups, cluster I and II, with 8 and 2 accessions, respectively. The Tvr83 showed uniqueness for a higher number of leaves (NOL), number of branches (NOB), NOP per plant (although with shorter pods) and smaller leaves compared to the other nine accessions. Conclusion: The two high yielding accessions, Tvr18 and Tvr79 could provide flatulence free proteins to Nigerians while, Tvr83 is a valuable candidate for improvement of Tvr18 and Tvr79 in any of these traits for which it showed superiority.","PeriodicalId":8481,"journal":{"name":"Asian Journal of Biological Sciences","volume":"69 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-06-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139367382","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-06-30DOI: 10.3923/ajbs.2023.145.154
S. Darbar, Srimoyee Saha, Atiskumar Chattopadhyay
Background and Objective: Oxidative stress represents an imbalance between oxidant and antioxidant agents. Reactive oxygen species (ROS) derived from oxygen and nitrogen play a vital role in the propagation of liver injury by damaging cell membranes, micro and macromolecules. The objective of the study of this study was to find out the probable ameliorative effect of the newly developed herbal formulation (SS-IM-21) on serum and hepatic antioxidant enzymes activities in ethanol-induced oxidative stress in mice. Materials and Methods: Forty adult Swiss albino mice were randomly chosen and divided into four groups, Group-I as control, Group II ethanol treatment orally (50% v/v), Group III pre-treated with herbal formulation (SS-IM-21) with ethanol (50% v/v) and Group-IV only treated with herbal formulation (SS-IM-21) without ethanol daily. After the 6 weeks of the experimental period, the animals were euthanized and the livers were immediately removed and collected, kept frozen until analysis. Before the mice were killed blood samples were also collected to measure superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT), glutathione peroxidase (GPx) and glutathione-S transferase (GST) activities in sera. Results: Major antioxidant enzymes like superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT), glutathione peroxidase (GPx) and glutathione-S transferase (GST) activities in serum and liver significantly declined in the ethanol-treated mice to control. Treatment with herbal formulation (SS-IM-21) suppresses oxidative stress in comparison with the ethanol group. Conclusion: In the current study the results established that treatment with herbal formulation (SS-IM-21) might be a potent antioxidant that exerts beneficial effects on both superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT), glutathione peroxidase (GPx) and glutathione-S transferase (GST) activities in ethanol intoxicated mice and inhibit organ damage.
{"title":"Sanative Effect of Newly Developed Herbal Formulation SS-IM-21 Upon Ethanol Induced Hepatic Oxidative Stress Against Mice","authors":"S. Darbar, Srimoyee Saha, Atiskumar Chattopadhyay","doi":"10.3923/ajbs.2023.145.154","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3923/ajbs.2023.145.154","url":null,"abstract":"Background and Objective: Oxidative stress represents an imbalance between oxidant and antioxidant agents. Reactive oxygen species (ROS) derived from oxygen and nitrogen play a vital role in the propagation of liver injury by damaging cell membranes, micro and macromolecules. The objective of the study of this study was to find out the probable ameliorative effect of the newly developed herbal formulation (SS-IM-21) on serum and hepatic antioxidant enzymes activities in ethanol-induced oxidative stress in mice. Materials and Methods: Forty adult Swiss albino mice were randomly chosen and divided into four groups, Group-I as control, Group II ethanol treatment orally (50% v/v), Group III pre-treated with herbal formulation (SS-IM-21) with ethanol (50% v/v) and Group-IV only treated with herbal formulation (SS-IM-21) without ethanol daily. After the 6 weeks of the experimental period, the animals were euthanized and the livers were immediately removed and collected, kept frozen until analysis. Before the mice were killed blood samples were also collected to measure superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT), glutathione peroxidase (GPx) and glutathione-S transferase (GST) activities in sera. Results: Major antioxidant enzymes like superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT), glutathione peroxidase (GPx) and glutathione-S transferase (GST) activities in serum and liver significantly declined in the ethanol-treated mice to control. Treatment with herbal formulation (SS-IM-21) suppresses oxidative stress in comparison with the ethanol group. Conclusion: In the current study the results established that treatment with herbal formulation (SS-IM-21) might be a potent antioxidant that exerts beneficial effects on both superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT), glutathione peroxidase (GPx) and glutathione-S transferase (GST) activities in ethanol intoxicated mice and inhibit organ damage.","PeriodicalId":8481,"journal":{"name":"Asian Journal of Biological Sciences","volume":"108 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-06-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139366248","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-06-30DOI: 10.3923/ajbs.2023.167.174
Mu'awiyya Umar Ladan, A. Tukur
Background and Objective: Mosquitoes serve as vectors for the transmission of many diseases like, filariasis, malaria, dengue fever, yellow fever, Chikungunya, West Nile virus, Zika virus and other arboviruses by injecting or ingesting disease-causing organisms to humans through the bite. They cause discomfort and kill more people (over 700,000) each year than any other animal. This study was conducted to determine community awareness of breeding sites, disease transmission and control of mosquitoes in Zamfara State. Materials and Methods: A semi-structured questionnaires were administered to 600 volunteers to obtain the required information and only male and female adult volunteers of >18 years were interviewed to ensure better understanding and responses on the subject matter. Results: This study showed that 72.5% the overall percentage of respondents do not have any knowledge about mosquito breeding sites while 27.5% are aware of different breeding sites. With regard to mosquito-borne diseases, an overall percentage of 93.5% mentioned malaria as the only disease they know to be transmitted by mosquitoes while 6.5% mentioned malaria and lymphatic filariasis only. Control strategies against mosquitoes indicated that the majority of the respondents (32.8%) use mosquito bed nets, followed by other conventional methods, in which only 10.0% were using plant-repellent materials to control mosquitoes and 7.7% are not using any of the control methods. Conclusion: The results showed inadequate awareness among the people of Zamfara State in terms of mosquito breeding places and other mosquito-borne diseases apart from malaria. However, the respondents are using a variety of mosquito control strategies including traditional methods.
{"title":"Study on Breeding Sites, Disease Transmission and Control of Mosquitoes in Zamfara State, Nigeria","authors":"Mu'awiyya Umar Ladan, A. Tukur","doi":"10.3923/ajbs.2023.167.174","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3923/ajbs.2023.167.174","url":null,"abstract":"Background and Objective: Mosquitoes serve as vectors for the transmission of many diseases like, filariasis, malaria, dengue fever, yellow fever, Chikungunya, West Nile virus, Zika virus and other arboviruses by injecting or ingesting disease-causing organisms to humans through the bite. They cause discomfort and kill more people (over 700,000) each year than any other animal. This study was conducted to determine community awareness of breeding sites, disease transmission and control of mosquitoes in Zamfara State. Materials and Methods: A semi-structured questionnaires were administered to 600 volunteers to obtain the required information and only male and female adult volunteers of >18 years were interviewed to ensure better understanding and responses on the subject matter. Results: This study showed that 72.5% the overall percentage of respondents do not have any knowledge about mosquito breeding sites while 27.5% are aware of different breeding sites. With regard to mosquito-borne diseases, an overall percentage of 93.5% mentioned malaria as the only disease they know to be transmitted by mosquitoes while 6.5% mentioned malaria and lymphatic filariasis only. Control strategies against mosquitoes indicated that the majority of the respondents (32.8%) use mosquito bed nets, followed by other conventional methods, in which only 10.0% were using plant-repellent materials to control mosquitoes and 7.7% are not using any of the control methods. Conclusion: The results showed inadequate awareness among the people of Zamfara State in terms of mosquito breeding places and other mosquito-borne diseases apart from malaria. However, the respondents are using a variety of mosquito control strategies including traditional methods.","PeriodicalId":8481,"journal":{"name":"Asian Journal of Biological Sciences","volume":"5 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-06-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139367001","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Background and Objective: The quality (status of physicochemical parameters) of the freshwater ecosystem interacts with the biotic components of the ecosystem such as plankton, aquatic insects, snails and fishes. The status of freshwater qualities determines the diversity, distribution and abundance of zooplankton in the water. This study assessed the water quality of Jibia Reservoir, a manmade freshwater lake and how they interact with the zooplankton community in the lake and also provides a baseline report on the lake. Materials and Methods: Water samples were collected between July and September, 2019 at five different points of the lake for physicochemical parameters analysis and zooplankton identification using standard procedures. One-way ANOVA was used in the statistical analysis of data generated, with a 0.05 level of significance. Results: The study revealed dissolved oxygen (DO), biological oxygen demand (BOD) and total hardness (TH) and total dissolved solids (TDS) to be within the permissible limit for freshwater ecosystems. Five subclasses (Monogonata, Phyllopoda, Bdelloidea, Pterygota and Copepoda), with six families (Brachionidae, Daphnidae, Philodinidae, Curculionoidea, Canthocamptidae and Cyclopidae) of zooplanktons were recorded. Rotaria ratatoria 12 (16.90%) and Platypus quadricornis 12 (16.90%) were the most common, while Brachionus angularis 8 (11.27%) was the least common species of zooplanktons in Jibia Lake. Conclusion: The physicochemical parameters of Jibia Lake during the study period were within acceptable limits, which implies good water quality favourable to aquatic organisms. Rotaria ratatoria and Platypus quadricornis were the most common zooplankton in the lake.
{"title":"Wet Season Water Quality and Zooplanktons Community of Jibia Lake, Katsina State, Nigeria","authors":"Timothy Auta, Agnes Alexander, Armayau Hamisu Bichi","doi":"10.3923/ajbs.2023.175.186","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3923/ajbs.2023.175.186","url":null,"abstract":"Background and Objective: The quality (status of physicochemical parameters) of the freshwater ecosystem interacts with the biotic components of the ecosystem such as plankton, aquatic insects, snails and fishes. The status of freshwater qualities determines the diversity, distribution and abundance of zooplankton in the water. This study assessed the water quality of Jibia Reservoir, a manmade freshwater lake and how they interact with the zooplankton community in the lake and also provides a baseline report on the lake. Materials and Methods: Water samples were collected between July and September, 2019 at five different points of the lake for physicochemical parameters analysis and zooplankton identification using standard procedures. One-way ANOVA was used in the statistical analysis of data generated, with a 0.05 level of significance. Results: The study revealed dissolved oxygen (DO), biological oxygen demand (BOD) and total hardness (TH) and total dissolved solids (TDS) to be within the permissible limit for freshwater ecosystems. Five subclasses (Monogonata, Phyllopoda, Bdelloidea, Pterygota and Copepoda), with six families (Brachionidae, Daphnidae, Philodinidae, Curculionoidea, Canthocamptidae and Cyclopidae) of zooplanktons were recorded. Rotaria ratatoria 12 (16.90%) and Platypus quadricornis 12 (16.90%) were the most common, while Brachionus angularis 8 (11.27%) was the least common species of zooplanktons in Jibia Lake. Conclusion: The physicochemical parameters of Jibia Lake during the study period were within acceptable limits, which implies good water quality favourable to aquatic organisms. Rotaria ratatoria and Platypus quadricornis were the most common zooplankton in the lake.","PeriodicalId":8481,"journal":{"name":"Asian Journal of Biological Sciences","volume":"130 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-06-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139366936","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-06-30DOI: 10.3923/ajbs.2023.121.131
Jude Keayiabarido, Franklin Banakuna Godson Tanee
Background and Objective: Soil contamination resulting from crude oil spills poses an environmental threat in the Niger Delta Area of Nigeria and the world at large and the remediation of oil-polluted soil is one of the major problems for environmental research. This study investigated the effect of urea as an amendment (remediating material) on soil properties and hydrocarbon reduction in crude oil-contaminated soil at Botem-Tai in Rivers State, Nigeria. Materials and Methods: A Randomized Complete Block Design (RCBD) was used and the experimental treatment were: B1: Polluted soil without urea, B2: Polluted soil with 20 g urea addition, B3: Polluted soil with 40 g Urea addition, B4: Unpolluted soil. Physical-chemical and microbial analyses were done on soil samples from the different treatment plots. Results: The significant reductions (p = 0.05) in Total Hydrocarbon Content (THC) and Total Petroleum Hydrocarbon (TPH) of polluted soil with urea addition (B2: 193.98 and 135.90 mg kg G 1 and B3: 708.13 and 615.40 mg kg G 1 ) compared to the polluted without urea (B1: 1963.67 and 1014.37 mg kg G 1 ) as against the initial of 2926.00 and 1189.96 mg kg G 1 recorded. Conclusion: Hence, the use of urea in in situ remediation of crude oil-polluted soil proved effective.
背景与目标：原油泄漏造成的土壤污染对尼日利亚尼日尔三角洲地区乃至全世界的环境都构成了威胁，而石油污染土壤的修复是环境研究的主要问题之一。本研究调查了尿素作为一种改良剂（修复材料）对尼日利亚河流州 Botem-Tai 原油污染土壤的土壤性质和碳氢化合物减少的影响。材料与方法：采用随机完全区组设计（RCBD），实验处理为B1:无尿素的污染土壤，B2：B3：添加 40 克尿素的污染土壤；B4：未受污染的土壤。对不同处理地块的土壤样本进行了物理化学和微生物分析。结果显示与未添加尿素的污染土壤（B1：1963.67 和 1014.37 mg kg G 1）相比，添加尿素的污染土壤（B2：193.98 和 135.90 mg kg G 1，B3：708.13 和 615.40 mg kg G 1）的总碳氢化合物含量（THC）和总石油碳氢化合物含量（TPH）明显降低（p = 0.05），而初始值分别为 2926.00 和 1189.96 mg kg G 1。结论因此，在原油污染土壤的原位修复中使用尿素被证明是有效的。
{"title":"Effect of Urea Application on Soil Properties and Hydrocarbon Reduction in Crude Oil Contaminated Soil","authors":"Jude Keayiabarido, Franklin Banakuna Godson Tanee","doi":"10.3923/ajbs.2023.121.131","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3923/ajbs.2023.121.131","url":null,"abstract":"Background and Objective: Soil contamination resulting from crude oil spills poses an environmental threat in the Niger Delta Area of Nigeria and the world at large and the remediation of oil-polluted soil is one of the major problems for environmental research. This study investigated the effect of urea as an amendment (remediating material) on soil properties and hydrocarbon reduction in crude oil-contaminated soil at Botem-Tai in Rivers State, Nigeria. Materials and Methods: A Randomized Complete Block Design (RCBD) was used and the experimental treatment were: B1: Polluted soil without urea, B2: Polluted soil with 20 g urea addition, B3: Polluted soil with 40 g Urea addition, B4: Unpolluted soil. Physical-chemical and microbial analyses were done on soil samples from the different treatment plots. Results: The significant reductions (p = 0.05) in Total Hydrocarbon Content (THC) and Total Petroleum Hydrocarbon (TPH) of polluted soil with urea addition (B2: 193.98 and 135.90 mg kg G 1 and B3: 708.13 and 615.40 mg kg G 1 ) compared to the polluted without urea (B1: 1963.67 and 1014.37 mg kg G 1 ) as against the initial of 2926.00 and 1189.96 mg kg G 1 recorded. Conclusion: Hence, the use of urea in in situ remediation of crude oil-polluted soil proved effective.","PeriodicalId":8481,"journal":{"name":"Asian Journal of Biological Sciences","volume":"13 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-06-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139366966","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-06-30DOI: 10.3923/ajbs.2023.132.136
E. O. Okanlawon, K. O. Bello, O. Akinola, A. A. Adeola, R. O. Ademolue
Background and Objective: Due to the increase in the cholesterol content in the body and diet of humans there is a need to find alternative means of reducing the cholesterol content intake and the objective of this study was to check the effect of feed form and phytobiotic blend on rabbit meat. Materials and Methods: A total of forty eight, 7-8 weeks old rabbits were used to determine the effect of feed form and phytobiotics blend on proximate composition and pH of rabbit meat. The rabbits were allotted to four treatments T1-12 rabbits were fed mash diets without the inclusion of blend. The T2-12 rabbits were fed mash diets with 10 g inclusion of blend. The T3-12 rabbits were fed pelletized diets without the inclusion of a blend. The T4-12 rabbits were fed pelletized diets with 10 g inclusion of blend in a 2×2 factorial arrangement. Data were collected proximate composition and pH of rabbit meat. They were analysed using ANOVA. Results: Higher (p<0.05) high-density lipoprotein was recorded with rabbit-fed mash diet while rabbit-fed pelletized diet had the least. Higher (p<0.05) low-density lipoprotein was recorded with the rabbit-fed mash diet while the rabbit-fed pelletized diet had the least. Higher (p<0.05) high-density lipoprotein was recorded with rabbit-fed diet without the inclusion of the blend while rabbit-fed diet containing the blend had the least. Higher (p<0.05) low-density lipoprotein was recorded with the rabbit-fed diet without the inclusion of the blend while the rabbit-fed diet containing the blend had the least. Higher (p<0.05) total cholesterol was recorded with the rabbit-fed mash diet without the blend while rabbit-fed a pelletized diet without the blend had the least. Higher (p<0.05) high-density lipoprotein was recorded with rabbit-fed mash diet without the blend while rabbit-fed mash diet containing the blend had the least. Higher (p<0.05) low-density lipoprotein was recorded with the rabbit-fed mash diet with the inclusion of the blend while the rabbit-fed pelletized diet containing the blend had the least. Conclusion: Feeding diets containing turmeric, garlic, ginger and clove blend can be fed to rabbits in other to reduce the fat and cholesterol content of the rabbit meat which is considered safe for human consumption.
{"title":"Effect of Feed Form and Phytobiotic Blend on Proximate Composition and pH of Rabbit Meat","authors":"E. O. Okanlawon, K. O. Bello, O. Akinola, A. A. Adeola, R. O. Ademolue","doi":"10.3923/ajbs.2023.132.136","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3923/ajbs.2023.132.136","url":null,"abstract":"Background and Objective: Due to the increase in the cholesterol content in the body and diet of humans there is a need to find alternative means of reducing the cholesterol content intake and the objective of this study was to check the effect of feed form and phytobiotic blend on rabbit meat. Materials and Methods: A total of forty eight, 7-8 weeks old rabbits were used to determine the effect of feed form and phytobiotics blend on proximate composition and pH of rabbit meat. The rabbits were allotted to four treatments T1-12 rabbits were fed mash diets without the inclusion of blend. The T2-12 rabbits were fed mash diets with 10 g inclusion of blend. The T3-12 rabbits were fed pelletized diets without the inclusion of a blend. The T4-12 rabbits were fed pelletized diets with 10 g inclusion of blend in a 2×2 factorial arrangement. Data were collected proximate composition and pH of rabbit meat. They were analysed using ANOVA. Results: Higher (p<0.05) high-density lipoprotein was recorded with rabbit-fed mash diet while rabbit-fed pelletized diet had the least. Higher (p<0.05) low-density lipoprotein was recorded with the rabbit-fed mash diet while the rabbit-fed pelletized diet had the least. Higher (p<0.05) high-density lipoprotein was recorded with rabbit-fed diet without the inclusion of the blend while rabbit-fed diet containing the blend had the least. Higher (p<0.05) low-density lipoprotein was recorded with the rabbit-fed diet without the inclusion of the blend while the rabbit-fed diet containing the blend had the least. Higher (p<0.05) total cholesterol was recorded with the rabbit-fed mash diet without the blend while rabbit-fed a pelletized diet without the blend had the least. Higher (p<0.05) high-density lipoprotein was recorded with rabbit-fed mash diet without the blend while rabbit-fed mash diet containing the blend had the least. Higher (p<0.05) low-density lipoprotein was recorded with the rabbit-fed mash diet with the inclusion of the blend while the rabbit-fed pelletized diet containing the blend had the least. Conclusion: Feeding diets containing turmeric, garlic, ginger and clove blend can be fed to rabbits in other to reduce the fat and cholesterol content of the rabbit meat which is considered safe for human consumption.","PeriodicalId":8481,"journal":{"name":"Asian Journal of Biological Sciences","volume":"59 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-06-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139366316","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-06-30DOI: 10.3923/ajbs.2023.103.109
Garuma Nemera Roge, W. Gobena, Wakuma Bayissa Hundessa
Background and Objective: Pea weevil ( Bruchus pisorum ) is an important, field to store insect pest of field peas. Information on the distribution and losses due to B. pisorum is insufficient in Ethiopia. This study was conducted to assess the distribution, farmers’ knowledge and perceptions, pest management practices, storage structures and quantify losses due to B. pisorum in four districts of Central and Southeastern Oromia, Ethiopia. Materials and Methods: Through random sampling, 386 representative samples were drawn from the four districts using a multistage sampling technique. Semi-structured questionnaires were used to collect data. A statistical package for social sciences was employed to analyze the data. Results: The results revealed that 64, 60, 50 and 56.1% of farmers in Cheliya, Liben Jawi, Munesa and Lemu Bilbillo districts, respectively were not aware of B. pisorum as a pest of field pea. More than 50% of the farmers in the study districts did not practice pest management for field peas. There were no significant differences among the study areas and between the storage structures in the mean percentage of grain damage and grain weight losses due to B. pisorum . However, grain damage ranging from 0-2.18% and grain weight losses ranging from 0-1.24% were recorded in all the study locations, respectively. Conclusion: The current study revealed that there was a lack of awareness in the study areas on insect pests of field peas. Minimum grain damage was recorded in all the study areas. Since the study was a one-season and in limited locations, addressing more seasons and locations is recommended in the future.
背景和目的：豌豆象鼻虫（Bruchus pisorum）是田间豌豆的一种重要害虫。在埃塞俄比亚，有关豌豆象鼻虫的分布和造成的损失的信息并不充分。本研究旨在评估 B. pisorum 在埃塞俄比亚奥罗莫中部和东南部四个地区的分布情况、农民的知识和看法、害虫管理方法、储藏结构，并量化 B. pisorum 造成的损失。材料和方法：通过随机抽样，采用多阶段抽样技术从四个地区抽取了 386 个代表性样本。采用半结构式问卷收集数据。采用社会科学统计软件包对数据进行分析。结果显示结果表明，在 Cheliya、Liben Jawi、Munesa 和 Lemu Bilbillo 地区，分别有 64%、60%、50% 和 56.1%的农民不知道 B. pisorum 是大田豌豆的害虫。研究地区 50%以上的农民没有对大田豌豆进行害虫管理。在豌豆虫造成的谷物损失和谷物重量损失的平均百分比方面，不同研究地区和不同储藏结构之间没有明显差异。不过，所有研究地点的谷物损伤率和谷物重量损失率分别为 0-2.18% 和 0-1.24%。结论本次研究表明，研究地区缺乏对田间豌豆虫害的认识。所有研究地区都记录到了最低程度的谷物损失。由于这项研究只进行了一季，且研究地点有限，因此建议今后研究更多季节和地点。
{"title":"Status of Pea Weevil (Bruchus pisorum) in Central and Southeastern Oromia, Ethiopia","authors":"Garuma Nemera Roge, W. Gobena, Wakuma Bayissa Hundessa","doi":"10.3923/ajbs.2023.103.109","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3923/ajbs.2023.103.109","url":null,"abstract":"Background and Objective: Pea weevil ( Bruchus pisorum ) is an important, field to store insect pest of field peas. Information on the distribution and losses due to B. pisorum is insufficient in Ethiopia. This study was conducted to assess the distribution, farmers’ knowledge and perceptions, pest management practices, storage structures and quantify losses due to B. pisorum in four districts of Central and Southeastern Oromia, Ethiopia. Materials and Methods: Through random sampling, 386 representative samples were drawn from the four districts using a multistage sampling technique. Semi-structured questionnaires were used to collect data. A statistical package for social sciences was employed to analyze the data. Results: The results revealed that 64, 60, 50 and 56.1% of farmers in Cheliya, Liben Jawi, Munesa and Lemu Bilbillo districts, respectively were not aware of B. pisorum as a pest of field pea. More than 50% of the farmers in the study districts did not practice pest management for field peas. There were no significant differences among the study areas and between the storage structures in the mean percentage of grain damage and grain weight losses due to B. pisorum . However, grain damage ranging from 0-2.18% and grain weight losses ranging from 0-1.24% were recorded in all the study locations, respectively. Conclusion: The current study revealed that there was a lack of awareness in the study areas on insect pests of field peas. Minimum grain damage was recorded in all the study areas. Since the study was a one-season and in limited locations, addressing more seasons and locations is recommended in the future.","PeriodicalId":8481,"journal":{"name":"Asian Journal of Biological Sciences","volume":"62 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-06-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139366802","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
K. Garlemou, M. Alexandrak, G. Karras, D. Kyriakou, T. Kourelis
{"title":"Myostatin Expression in MDS Patients with Wasting Syndrome","authors":"K. Garlemou, M. Alexandrak, G. Karras, D. Kyriakou, T. Kourelis","doi":"10.3923/ajbs.2022.1.8","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3923/ajbs.2022.1.8","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":8481,"journal":{"name":"Asian Journal of Biological Sciences","volume":"2 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-01-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"73127876","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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