Pub Date : 2023-09-30DOI: 10.3923/ajbs.2023.254.263
Nadia Rehman, Faizul Haq, Shah Faisal
Background and Objective: Calotropis species have several phytochemical constituents and are used for different human diseases. The major objective of the present study was to evaluate the phytochemical screening, antioxidant activity, detection of phenolic compounds and proximate analysis of Calotropis species. Materials and Methods: The samples of both plants were taken from Haripur and processed for analysis on different parameters. Various proximate analyses included fresh weight, dry weight, ash contents and crude fiber. The screenings of phytochemicals were done by using the analytical screening technique. The phenolic content was examined by the reported method of Ainsworth and Gillespie, using the Folin-Ciocalteu reagent. The superoxide dismutase enzyme was observed in a spectrophotometer. The statistical significance was determined at 30 with 95% significance (p # 0.05). Results: The higher phytochemical constituents in Calotropis procera include phenolic compounds, flavonoids, antioxidant activity, Catalase, peroxidase and pH. In Calotropis gigantea the higher concentration was recorded for carotenoid contents, enzyme superoxide dismutase, crude fiber and ash. Conclusion: It can be concluded that Calotropis procera has more phytochemical constituents in leaves and roots as compared to Calotropis gigantea while the floral phytochemicals of Calotropis gigantea were higher as compared to flowers of Calotropis procera .
{"title":"Phytochemical Analysis and Antioxidant Potential of Calotropis procera and Calotropis gigantea","authors":"Nadia Rehman, Faizul Haq, Shah Faisal","doi":"10.3923/ajbs.2023.254.263","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3923/ajbs.2023.254.263","url":null,"abstract":"Background and Objective: Calotropis species have several phytochemical constituents and are used for different human diseases. The major objective of the present study was to evaluate the phytochemical screening, antioxidant activity, detection of phenolic compounds and proximate analysis of Calotropis species. Materials and Methods: The samples of both plants were taken from Haripur and processed for analysis on different parameters. Various proximate analyses included fresh weight, dry weight, ash contents and crude fiber. The screenings of phytochemicals were done by using the analytical screening technique. The phenolic content was examined by the reported method of Ainsworth and Gillespie, using the Folin-Ciocalteu reagent. The superoxide dismutase enzyme was observed in a spectrophotometer. The statistical significance was determined at 30 with 95% significance (p # 0.05). Results: The higher phytochemical constituents in Calotropis procera include phenolic compounds, flavonoids, antioxidant activity, Catalase, peroxidase and pH. In Calotropis gigantea the higher concentration was recorded for carotenoid contents, enzyme superoxide dismutase, crude fiber and ash. Conclusion: It can be concluded that Calotropis procera has more phytochemical constituents in leaves and roots as compared to Calotropis gigantea while the floral phytochemicals of Calotropis gigantea were higher as compared to flowers of Calotropis procera .","PeriodicalId":8481,"journal":{"name":"Asian Journal of Biological Sciences","volume":"8 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-09-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139331885","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-09-30DOI: 10.3923/ajbs.2023.337.343
C. Ikechi-Nwogu, Nwachukwu Eunice Oluchi
Background and Objective: The protection of crops from harmful insects, has continued to be a major concern in agriculture. Insects like oriental longheaded locusts, cause extensive and devastating damage to field crops. In order to protect crops against locust boom while preserving the environment, aqueous extracts of Nicotiana sylvestris were tested for their insecticidal potential against longheaded locusts on Ocimum gratissimum . Materials and Methods: Six different Ocimum gratissimum plants were planted 10 m apart in the garden. Three days after foliage production, plants pots labeled A, B and C were treated twice daily for one month with different concentrations (57.5, 115 and 230 g) of Nicotiana sylvestris extract in a 236 mL spray bottle, while pot D, E and F, were treated with sterile water as the control experiment. Results: The tested extract has an insecticidal effect based on the punctured leaves of the control experiment. The experiment also revealed that Nicotiana sylvestris was effective as a field protectant in protecting the leaves of Ocimum gratissimum against longheaded locust attacks. Conclusion: The potential of Nicotiana sylvestris was revealed as a natural insecticide in protecting Ocimum gratissimum (scent leaf) against grasshoppers (oriental longheaded locust) attacks.
背景和目的：保护农作物免受有害昆虫的危害一直是农业领域的主要问题。东方长头蝗虫等昆虫对田间作物造成了广泛的破坏。为了在保护环境的同时保护农作物免受蝗虫的危害，我们测试了烟草水提取物对长头蝗虫的杀虫潜力。材料和方法：在花园中种植了六株不同的欧鼠李，株距为 10 米。长叶三天后，用 236 毫升喷雾瓶装不同浓度（57.5 克、115 克和 230 克）的烟草萃取物对标有 A、B 和 C 的盆栽植物进行处理，每天两次，持续一个月；盆栽 D、E 和 F 用无菌水处理，作为对照实验。实验结果根据对照实验中被刺破的叶片，测试的提取物具有杀虫效果。实验还表明，烟草萃取物作为田间保护剂可有效保护欧加马的叶片免受长头蝗虫的攻击。结论实验揭示了烟叶作为天然杀虫剂在保护欧鼠李（香叶）免受蚱蜢（东方长头蝗虫）攻击方面的潜力。
{"title":"Use of Nicotiana sylvestris (Speg. and Comes) in Field Control of Locust on African Basil","authors":"C. Ikechi-Nwogu, Nwachukwu Eunice Oluchi","doi":"10.3923/ajbs.2023.337.343","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3923/ajbs.2023.337.343","url":null,"abstract":"Background and Objective: The protection of crops from harmful insects, has continued to be a major concern in agriculture. Insects like oriental longheaded locusts, cause extensive and devastating damage to field crops. In order to protect crops against locust boom while preserving the environment, aqueous extracts of Nicotiana sylvestris were tested for their insecticidal potential against longheaded locusts on Ocimum gratissimum . Materials and Methods: Six different Ocimum gratissimum plants were planted 10 m apart in the garden. Three days after foliage production, plants pots labeled A, B and C were treated twice daily for one month with different concentrations (57.5, 115 and 230 g) of Nicotiana sylvestris extract in a 236 mL spray bottle, while pot D, E and F, were treated with sterile water as the control experiment. Results: The tested extract has an insecticidal effect based on the punctured leaves of the control experiment. The experiment also revealed that Nicotiana sylvestris was effective as a field protectant in protecting the leaves of Ocimum gratissimum against longheaded locust attacks. Conclusion: The potential of Nicotiana sylvestris was revealed as a natural insecticide in protecting Ocimum gratissimum (scent leaf) against grasshoppers (oriental longheaded locust) attacks.","PeriodicalId":8481,"journal":{"name":"Asian Journal of Biological Sciences","volume":"21 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-09-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139332177","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-09-30DOI: 10.3923/ajbs.2023.366.371
Waseem Shahri
Improving the floricultural traits in ornamentals is of great value in floriculture and landscaping. Conventional methods have been and are being still used for improving the floricultural traits like vase life or floral longevity, ethylene sensitivity and visible floral morphological features, etc. in ornamentals by postharvest application of ethylene antagonists, plant growth regulators, sugar sources, protein synthesis inhibitors and antimicrobial compounds, etc. However, biotechnology offers a promising approach to improving the desirable attributes in flowering ornamentals like flower color, fragrance, longevity, ethylene insensitivity, disease resistance, etc. In the present review, the biotechnological interventions in enhancing the flower fragrance, flower color and flower longevity/vase life have been discussed and a number of suitable examples related to the improvement of these traits in various ornamentals have been provided. The mini-review intends to present a comprehensive update of the available literature regarding the improvement of these traits in flowering ornamentals involving the non-conventional biotechnological approach.
{"title":"Role of Biotechnological Interventions in Improving the Traits of Flowering Ornamentals","authors":"Waseem Shahri","doi":"10.3923/ajbs.2023.366.371","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3923/ajbs.2023.366.371","url":null,"abstract":"Improving the floricultural traits in ornamentals is of great value in floriculture and landscaping. Conventional methods have been and are being still used for improving the floricultural traits like vase life or floral longevity, ethylene sensitivity and visible floral morphological features, etc. in ornamentals by postharvest application of ethylene antagonists, plant growth regulators, sugar sources, protein synthesis inhibitors and antimicrobial compounds, etc. However, biotechnology offers a promising approach to improving the desirable attributes in flowering ornamentals like flower color, fragrance, longevity, ethylene insensitivity, disease resistance, etc. In the present review, the biotechnological interventions in enhancing the flower fragrance, flower color and flower longevity/vase life have been discussed and a number of suitable examples related to the improvement of these traits in various ornamentals have been provided. The mini-review intends to present a comprehensive update of the available literature regarding the improvement of these traits in flowering ornamentals involving the non-conventional biotechnological approach.","PeriodicalId":8481,"journal":{"name":"Asian Journal of Biological Sciences","volume":"36 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-09-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139332877","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-09-30DOI: 10.3923/ajbs.2023.283.293
Bila Abdourahamane, Badjabaissi Essotolom, Sas Soha, Assih Mindede, Osseni Abdou-Razack, Sabrina Sanvee, Bakoma Batomayena, Lawson-Evi Povi, Diallo Aboudoulatif
Background and Objective: Traditional medicine has a prominent place in the treatment of various diseases in Africa and Togo. The major handicap of traditional medicine is the insufficient data on the quality and toxicity of medicinal plants. This study was carried out to assess the safety of a phytomedicine which was named “Phytomed” for the study purpose. Materials and Methods: Before the toxicity tests, phytochemical screening was performed and the cardiac glycoside content was determined in the phytomedicine. The safety assessment involved, cytotoxicity (Brine shrimp lethality test) and acute and subacute toxicity (TG 423 and 407) tests. For the subchronic (28 days) toxicity test, the Wistar rat’s body weight, or relative weight and haematological and biochemical parameters were measured and histological analysis was done. The cardiac activity of the formulation was then conducted on the in situ toad’s heart. Results: The cytotoxicity test showed an LC 50 of 0.28 mg mL G 1 . The 28 day repeated administration of Phytomed has induced a significant increase in platelet number at 0.43 and 0.85 mL kg G 1 and a significant decrease (p<0.05) in CPK at 0.85 mL kg G 1 . The assessment of the phytomedicine effect on the toad in situ heart revealed a negative chronotropic effect. Conclusion: Phytomedicine did not induce toxicity. However, because of the significant increase in the number of platelets and the negative chronotropic effect observed, precautions should be taken during the use of this phytomedicine in the event of thromboembolic and cardiac disorders.
背景和目的：在非洲和多哥，传统医学在治疗各种疾病方面占有重要地位。传统医学的主要缺陷是有关药用植物质量和毒性的数据不足。本研究旨在评估一种被命名为 "Phytomed "的植物药的安全性。材料和方法：在进行毒性测试之前，先进行了植物化学筛选，确定了植物药中的强心苷含量。安全性评估包括细胞毒性（盐水虾致死试验）、急性和亚急性毒性（TG 423 和 407）试验。在亚慢性（28 天）毒性试验中，测量了 Wistar 大鼠的体重或相对体重以及血液和生化参数，并进行了组织学分析。然后在原位蟾蜍心脏上进行了制剂的心脏活性测试。结果细胞毒性测试显示 LC 50 为 0.28 mg mL G 1。在 0.43 和 0.85 mL kg G 1 的剂量下，重复服用 Phytomed 28 天后，血小板数量显著增加，在 0.85 mL kg G 1 的剂量下，CPK 显著下降（p<0.05）。评估植物药对蟾蜍原位心脏的影响时发现，植物药对蟾蜍的心脏具有负向延时作用。结论植物药不会引起毒性。然而，由于观察到血小板数量明显增加和负性促时 效作用，在使用这种植物药时，如果出现血栓栓塞和心脏疾病，应采取预防措施。
{"title":"Determination of in vitro Cytotoxicity and in vivo Subacute Toxicity of a Phytomedicine Named ‘‘Phytomed''","authors":"Bila Abdourahamane, Badjabaissi Essotolom, Sas Soha, Assih Mindede, Osseni Abdou-Razack, Sabrina Sanvee, Bakoma Batomayena, Lawson-Evi Povi, Diallo Aboudoulatif","doi":"10.3923/ajbs.2023.283.293","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3923/ajbs.2023.283.293","url":null,"abstract":"Background and Objective: Traditional medicine has a prominent place in the treatment of various diseases in Africa and Togo. The major handicap of traditional medicine is the insufficient data on the quality and toxicity of medicinal plants. This study was carried out to assess the safety of a phytomedicine which was named “Phytomed” for the study purpose. Materials and Methods: Before the toxicity tests, phytochemical screening was performed and the cardiac glycoside content was determined in the phytomedicine. The safety assessment involved, cytotoxicity (Brine shrimp lethality test) and acute and subacute toxicity (TG 423 and 407) tests. For the subchronic (28 days) toxicity test, the Wistar rat’s body weight, or relative weight and haematological and biochemical parameters were measured and histological analysis was done. The cardiac activity of the formulation was then conducted on the in situ toad’s heart. Results: The cytotoxicity test showed an LC 50 of 0.28 mg mL G 1 . The 28 day repeated administration of Phytomed has induced a significant increase in platelet number at 0.43 and 0.85 mL kg G 1 and a significant decrease (p<0.05) in CPK at 0.85 mL kg G 1 . The assessment of the phytomedicine effect on the toad in situ heart revealed a negative chronotropic effect. Conclusion: Phytomedicine did not induce toxicity. However, because of the significant increase in the number of platelets and the negative chronotropic effect observed, precautions should be taken during the use of this phytomedicine in the event of thromboembolic and cardiac disorders.","PeriodicalId":8481,"journal":{"name":"Asian Journal of Biological Sciences","volume":"37 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-09-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139333235","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-09-30DOI: 10.3923/ajbs.2023.212.217
O. E. Afia, O. Obot, S. Umanah
Background and Objective: Stocking densities and feeding levels have an impact on the production of farmed catfish. Morphometric parameters and condition factors are tools employed in aquaculture to assess the health of a species. Materials and Methods: Hence, the morphometric parameters and condition factors were investigated against different stocking densities and feeding levels. The fish were reared using tarpaulin tanks measuring 1 m 3 in 250 L of water with five different densities: 100 fish/0.25 m 3 (T1), 75 fish/0.25 m 3 (T2), 38 fish/0.25 m 3 (T3), 18 fish/0.25 m 3 (T4) and 9 fish/0.25 m 3 (T5). The experiment had three replicates and lasted for 52 weeks. Feeding was administered at 1.0% feeding level (FL) and 1.5% feeding level biomass with commercial feed. The obtained data were statistically analyzed using analysis of variance and means separation with Duncan’s Multiple Range Test. Results: Results from the statistical analysis revealed significant differences (p<0.05) in specific morphometric parameters among the different stocking densities, while others were insignificant. The hybrid catfish reared at T2 and 1.5% (FL) had the highest mean values for morphometric parameters. The T1 at 1.0% FL recorded the least morphometric values. The best condition factor (0.77) was obtained at T5. Conclusion: This study, therefore, suggested that 75 fish/m 3 stocking density is optimal for raising hybrid catfish and achieving the best growth.
{"title":"Stocking Density and Feeding Levels Impacted on Morphometric and Condition Factors of Hybrid Catfish","authors":"O. E. Afia, O. Obot, S. Umanah","doi":"10.3923/ajbs.2023.212.217","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3923/ajbs.2023.212.217","url":null,"abstract":"Background and Objective: Stocking densities and feeding levels have an impact on the production of farmed catfish. Morphometric parameters and condition factors are tools employed in aquaculture to assess the health of a species. Materials and Methods: Hence, the morphometric parameters and condition factors were investigated against different stocking densities and feeding levels. The fish were reared using tarpaulin tanks measuring 1 m 3 in 250 L of water with five different densities: 100 fish/0.25 m 3 (T1), 75 fish/0.25 m 3 (T2), 38 fish/0.25 m 3 (T3), 18 fish/0.25 m 3 (T4) and 9 fish/0.25 m 3 (T5). The experiment had three replicates and lasted for 52 weeks. Feeding was administered at 1.0% feeding level (FL) and 1.5% feeding level biomass with commercial feed. The obtained data were statistically analyzed using analysis of variance and means separation with Duncan’s Multiple Range Test. Results: Results from the statistical analysis revealed significant differences (p<0.05) in specific morphometric parameters among the different stocking densities, while others were insignificant. The hybrid catfish reared at T2 and 1.5% (FL) had the highest mean values for morphometric parameters. The T1 at 1.0% FL recorded the least morphometric values. The best condition factor (0.77) was obtained at T5. Conclusion: This study, therefore, suggested that 75 fish/m 3 stocking density is optimal for raising hybrid catfish and achieving the best growth.","PeriodicalId":8481,"journal":{"name":"Asian Journal of Biological Sciences","volume":"39 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-09-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139333271","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-09-30DOI: 10.3923/ajbs.2023.234.239
S. Ubani
Background and Objective: The mutation rate with complete genome sequences had spectra of microorganisms and cell suspensions moved by the actin network beneath the membrane within eukaryotic cells. The research was to study exoenzyme an extracellular enzyme secretion by cells and functions outside of the organism. Materials and Methods: Sequence factors studied were sample populations of bacteria with the same variance for alteration of the conversion of the genes and traits. These are processed through the Golgi apparatus and released into the cells. This was studied using different variances for irregularities in the culture. Results: It was found cytosol a portion of the cytoplasm containment within membrane organelles. This made up 70% of cell volume and a mixture of hyphae dissolution of cells. Eukaryotic base numbers for the strands of cytoplasm. This suggested the cell surround was not permeable for diffusion process occurrences. Conclusion: The gene micro-arrays had interactions with oligo cells. It concluded phase extraction was needed in sets and preconcentration. The surrounds of glycan structures synthesis had the presence of glycan in biological samples of immunologically based measurements of cells.
{"title":"Constituents of Prokaryotic Organisms for Production of Extracellular Enzymes in the Development of Immunological Process","authors":"S. Ubani","doi":"10.3923/ajbs.2023.234.239","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3923/ajbs.2023.234.239","url":null,"abstract":"Background and Objective: The mutation rate with complete genome sequences had spectra of microorganisms and cell suspensions moved by the actin network beneath the membrane within eukaryotic cells. The research was to study exoenzyme an extracellular enzyme secretion by cells and functions outside of the organism. Materials and Methods: Sequence factors studied were sample populations of bacteria with the same variance for alteration of the conversion of the genes and traits. These are processed through the Golgi apparatus and released into the cells. This was studied using different variances for irregularities in the culture. Results: It was found cytosol a portion of the cytoplasm containment within membrane organelles. This made up 70% of cell volume and a mixture of hyphae dissolution of cells. Eukaryotic base numbers for the strands of cytoplasm. This suggested the cell surround was not permeable for diffusion process occurrences. Conclusion: The gene micro-arrays had interactions with oligo cells. It concluded phase extraction was needed in sets and preconcentration. The surrounds of glycan structures synthesis had the presence of glycan in biological samples of immunologically based measurements of cells.","PeriodicalId":8481,"journal":{"name":"Asian Journal of Biological Sciences","volume":"15 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-09-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139333623","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-09-30DOI: 10.3923/ajbs.2023.275.282
S. Ahamed, Khondaker Rashudul Hasan, M. Mou, Istiaque Haidar, Yahia Mahmud
Background and Objective: Clarias batrachus is an important freshwater fish of Bangladesh and is locally known as Magur. It has great commercial value due to its taste and economic aspect. This study was undertaken to establish the natural spawning of Clarias batrachus in captive conditions. Materials and Methods: The experiment was conducted at the hatchery of Bangladesh Fisheries Research Institute, Freshwater Sub-Station, Saidpur to determine the reproductive response of Clarias batrachus using different types of hormones. The average length and weight of brood used for the breeding trial was (26±2.0 cm an average weight of 160±4 g) and female (average length of 24±3.0 cm and an average weight of 210±6.0 g) Clarias batrachus . To detect ovulation, fertilization, spawning, hatching and survival different doses of the hormone were used due to optimizing the hormone doses. Results: After 24-28 hrs of injection, natural spawning was found successful in all cases except in T 1 . The case of PG (20 mg kg G 1 for females and 10 mg kg G 1 for males with ovuhom 1 mL kg G 1 for females and 0.5 mL kg G 1 for males) shows better results in terms of ovulation, fertilization and hatching and survival in T 3 rathe than T 2 . In the higher dose, almost 100% of fishes spawned naturally and fertilization and hatching rates were also higher. Hatching of fertilized eggs occurred between 30-35 hrs of incubation at 27 to 28 E C and the larvae started to feed within 72 hrs after hatching. Conclusion: This is considered a landmark in the strategy of saving this male from sacrificing, by establishing this technique for mass production of fry Clarias batrachus.
背景和目的：蝠鲼（Clarias batrachus）是孟加拉国的一种重要淡水鱼，当地人称其为 "Magur"。由于其口感和经济价值，它具有很大的商业价值。本研究旨在确定蝙蝠魟在人工饲养条件下的自然产卵情况。材料和方法：实验在赛德普尔淡水分站孟加拉国渔业研究所的孵化场进行，目的是使用不同类型的激素来确定蝠鲼的生殖反应。用于繁殖试验的鱼苗平均长度和重量为（26±2.0 厘米，平均重量为 160±4 克），雌鱼平均长度为（24±3.0 厘米，平均重量为 210±6.0 克）。为了检测排卵、受精、产卵、孵化和存活情况，使用了不同剂量的激素，以优化激素剂量。结果注射 24-28 小时后，除 T 1 外，所有情况下都能成功自然产卵。PG 剂量（雌性为 20 毫克/千克 G 1，雄性为 10 毫克/千克 G 1，雌性为 1 毫升/千克 G 1，雄性为 0.5 毫升/千克 G 1）在排卵、受精、孵化和存活率方面，T 3 的结果优于 T 2。在高剂量下，几乎 100%的鱼都能自然产卵，受精率和孵化率也更高。受精卵在 27-28 摄氏度孵化 30-35 小时后孵化，幼虫在孵化后 72 小时内开始摄食。结论通过建立大规模生产蝠鲼鱼苗的技术，这被认为是拯救蝠鲼雄鱼战略的一个里程碑。
{"title":"First Record of Induced Spawning of Magur (Clarias batratus) Without Sacrificing Male Fish in Bangladesh","authors":"S. Ahamed, Khondaker Rashudul Hasan, M. Mou, Istiaque Haidar, Yahia Mahmud","doi":"10.3923/ajbs.2023.275.282","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3923/ajbs.2023.275.282","url":null,"abstract":"Background and Objective: Clarias batrachus is an important freshwater fish of Bangladesh and is locally known as Magur. It has great commercial value due to its taste and economic aspect. This study was undertaken to establish the natural spawning of Clarias batrachus in captive conditions. Materials and Methods: The experiment was conducted at the hatchery of Bangladesh Fisheries Research Institute, Freshwater Sub-Station, Saidpur to determine the reproductive response of Clarias batrachus using different types of hormones. The average length and weight of brood used for the breeding trial was (26±2.0 cm an average weight of 160±4 g) and female (average length of 24±3.0 cm and an average weight of 210±6.0 g) Clarias batrachus . To detect ovulation, fertilization, spawning, hatching and survival different doses of the hormone were used due to optimizing the hormone doses. Results: After 24-28 hrs of injection, natural spawning was found successful in all cases except in T 1 . The case of PG (20 mg kg G 1 for females and 10 mg kg G 1 for males with ovuhom 1 mL kg G 1 for females and 0.5 mL kg G 1 for males) shows better results in terms of ovulation, fertilization and hatching and survival in T 3 rathe than T 2 . In the higher dose, almost 100% of fishes spawned naturally and fertilization and hatching rates were also higher. Hatching of fertilized eggs occurred between 30-35 hrs of incubation at 27 to 28 E C and the larvae started to feed within 72 hrs after hatching. Conclusion: This is considered a landmark in the strategy of saving this male from sacrificing, by establishing this technique for mass production of fry Clarias batrachus.","PeriodicalId":8481,"journal":{"name":"Asian Journal of Biological Sciences","volume":"71 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-09-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139333278","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-09-30DOI: 10.3923/ajbs.2023.264.274
S. M. Zabed Ahmed, R. Selim, Mohamed Salah Khalil, S. R. El-Zemity
Background and Objective: Phyto-pathogenic fungi or bacteria are one of the most important causes that decrease food and cash crops. Chemical pesticides cause damage to the environment. Thus, globally, there are attempts to provide eco-friendly products. Therefore, this work aimed to find alternative natural products for managing serious diseases (fungi and bacteria). Materials and Methods: Fungicidal and bactericidal of four monoterpenoids, as well as their synthesized brominated (Br) derivatives were investigated against six fungi and four bacteria in vitro . The synthesized brominated derivatives were confirmed by a mass spectrometer and GC/MS. Results: The soil and air-borne fungi were very sensitive to chlorothymol followed by thymol and carvacrol, respectively. However, the synthesized brominate derivatives such as bromocarvacrol were the most effective treatment against all the tested fungal strains, while, bromoegunol was a less effective treatment. Concerning the antibacterial activity, the tested monoterpenoids exhibited variable degrees of antibacterial against all of the tested bacterial strains and the conversion of monoterpenoids into bromo-derivatives enhanced the bactericidal activity. Conclusion: The chlorothymol (monoterpene) recorded the highest fungicidal activity against soil and air-born fungi. For bacterial activity, results exhibited that chlorothymol was the most effective monoterpene against bacteria. All the bromo-derivatives showed high activity against the most of tested fungi and bacteria.
{"title":"Monoterpenoids and Their Synthesized Brominate Derivatives as Eco-Friendly Measures to Control Some Plant Pathogenic Fungi and Bacteria","authors":"S. M. Zabed Ahmed, R. Selim, Mohamed Salah Khalil, S. R. El-Zemity","doi":"10.3923/ajbs.2023.264.274","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3923/ajbs.2023.264.274","url":null,"abstract":"Background and Objective: Phyto-pathogenic fungi or bacteria are one of the most important causes that decrease food and cash crops. Chemical pesticides cause damage to the environment. Thus, globally, there are attempts to provide eco-friendly products. Therefore, this work aimed to find alternative natural products for managing serious diseases (fungi and bacteria). Materials and Methods: Fungicidal and bactericidal of four monoterpenoids, as well as their synthesized brominated (Br) derivatives were investigated against six fungi and four bacteria in vitro . The synthesized brominated derivatives were confirmed by a mass spectrometer and GC/MS. Results: The soil and air-borne fungi were very sensitive to chlorothymol followed by thymol and carvacrol, respectively. However, the synthesized brominate derivatives such as bromocarvacrol were the most effective treatment against all the tested fungal strains, while, bromoegunol was a less effective treatment. Concerning the antibacterial activity, the tested monoterpenoids exhibited variable degrees of antibacterial against all of the tested bacterial strains and the conversion of monoterpenoids into bromo-derivatives enhanced the bactericidal activity. Conclusion: The chlorothymol (monoterpene) recorded the highest fungicidal activity against soil and air-born fungi. For bacterial activity, results exhibited that chlorothymol was the most effective monoterpene against bacteria. All the bromo-derivatives showed high activity against the most of tested fungi and bacteria.","PeriodicalId":8481,"journal":{"name":"Asian Journal of Biological Sciences","volume":"37 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-09-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139332098","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-09-30DOI: 10.3923/ajbs.2023.351.365
Wouokoue Taffo Junior Baudoin, Nnanga Jeanne Flore, Kengne Olivier Clovis, Mafouo Tchinda Elodie, Kenfack Feukeng Samuel Severin, Ngnignindiwou Mouncharou Jonathan, Ndonmou Cantona Eric, Fomekong Tane Alex Bleriot, Avana Tientcheu Marie Louise, Fonkou Théophile, Nguetsop Victor François
Background and Objective: Cameroon is one of the richest biologically diverse African countries due to its wide range of altitudes, topographic features and agroecological zones. Therefore, the aim of this study was to determine the floristic diversity and functional traits of Mount Mbapit Savannah, West Cameroon. Materials and Methods: Floristic data were collected on a total of 62 sample plots of 10×10 m between May and June, 2014, 2015 and 2022. Frequency, abundance and diversity indices were computed for the floristic diversity and life traits spectra (growth habit, life form, leaf size, diaspore type, dispersal syndromes and phytogeographical affinities). Results: In total, 144 plant species (91 herbaceous and 53 woody) belonging to 110 genera and 50 families were identified. The most abundant families were Poaceae (28 species) and Asteraceae (20 species). The species diversity indices were Shannon-Weaver (4.92 and 3.61) and evenness index (0.73 and 0.62) for herbaceous and woody species, respectively. The most represented life forms were phanerophytes (43.75%). Anemochory (45.83%) was the dominant dispersal syndrome. Phytogeographical distribution analysis showed the predominance of afro-tropical species. Conclusion: Appropriate conservation measures such as assisted natural regeneration and increased protection should be taken for the threatened species.
{"title":"Assessing Floristic Diversity and Ecological Characteristics of Mount Mbapit Savannah, Western Highlands of Cameroon","authors":"Wouokoue Taffo Junior Baudoin, Nnanga Jeanne Flore, Kengne Olivier Clovis, Mafouo Tchinda Elodie, Kenfack Feukeng Samuel Severin, Ngnignindiwou Mouncharou Jonathan, Ndonmou Cantona Eric, Fomekong Tane Alex Bleriot, Avana Tientcheu Marie Louise, Fonkou Théophile, Nguetsop Victor François","doi":"10.3923/ajbs.2023.351.365","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3923/ajbs.2023.351.365","url":null,"abstract":"Background and Objective: Cameroon is one of the richest biologically diverse African countries due to its wide range of altitudes, topographic features and agroecological zones. Therefore, the aim of this study was to determine the floristic diversity and functional traits of Mount Mbapit Savannah, West Cameroon. Materials and Methods: Floristic data were collected on a total of 62 sample plots of 10×10 m between May and June, 2014, 2015 and 2022. Frequency, abundance and diversity indices were computed for the floristic diversity and life traits spectra (growth habit, life form, leaf size, diaspore type, dispersal syndromes and phytogeographical affinities). Results: In total, 144 plant species (91 herbaceous and 53 woody) belonging to 110 genera and 50 families were identified. The most abundant families were Poaceae (28 species) and Asteraceae (20 species). The species diversity indices were Shannon-Weaver (4.92 and 3.61) and evenness index (0.73 and 0.62) for herbaceous and woody species, respectively. The most represented life forms were phanerophytes (43.75%). Anemochory (45.83%) was the dominant dispersal syndrome. Phytogeographical distribution analysis showed the predominance of afro-tropical species. Conclusion: Appropriate conservation measures such as assisted natural regeneration and increased protection should be taken for the threatened species.","PeriodicalId":8481,"journal":{"name":"Asian Journal of Biological Sciences","volume":"129 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-09-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139332229","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-06-30DOI: 10.3923/ajbs.2023.137.144
O. Nurudeen, A. O. Olusegun
Background and Objective: The empowerment of displaced persons in fish farming in Maiduguri Metropolis requires a good water quality supply for successful operation and this is elusive in literature. This study, therefore, evaluated the physicochemical and bacteriological profile of groundwater boreholes in major IDP camps in Maiduguri, Borno State. Materials and Methods: Water samples from boreholes in each camp: Teacher’s Village, Farm Centre, Al-Maskin, Bolori Kasua and National Youth Service Corps (NYSC) were collected in triplicate for physic-chemical and bacteriological analyses using standard methods. Data generated were analysed using descriptive statistics and ANOVA at α 0.05 . Results: The physic-chemical parameters of the water samples were within standard limit, except dissolved oxygen (3.60±1.15 to 4.50±0.42 mg L G 1 ) and alkalinity (30.25±10.18 to 31.93±9.24 mg L G 1 ). The cadmium (0.01±0.01 to 0.04±0.05 mg L G 1 ), iron (0.08±0.02 to 0.15±0.03 mg L G 1 ) and manganese (0.10±0.03 to 0.12±0.02 mg L G 1 ) values were marginally above the threshold limit for aquaculture. However, lead content (0.16±0.03 mg L G 1 ) was only high at Al-Maskin Camp. Also, there is high coliform density (4.33±7.50 to 20.33±18.77 CFU mL G 1 ) and bacteria contaminant (33.00±2.64 to 97.66±27.39 CFU mL G 1 ) in all the borehole sampled. Conclusion: The water in the study area is not safe for fish culture except properly treated.
背景和目标：增强迈杜古里市流离失所者的养鱼能力需要良好的水质供应才能成功，而这一点在文献中却很难找到。因此，本研究评估了博尔诺州迈杜古里主要国内流离失所者营地地下水井的物理化学和细菌学特征。材料和方法：从每个营地的水井中采集水样：教师村、农场中心、Al-Maskin、Bolori Kasua 和国家青年服务团（NYSC）的井水样本均以一式三份的形式采集，并采用标准方法进行理化和细菌分析。数据采用描述性统计和方差分析（α 0.05）进行分析。结果：除溶解氧（3.60±1.15 至 4.50±0.42 mg L G 1）和碱度（30.25±10.18 至 31.93±9.24 mg L G 1）外，水样的理化指标均在标准限值范围内。镉（0.01±0.01 至 0.04±0.05 mg L G 1）、铁（0.08±0.02 至 0.15±0.03 mg L G 1）和锰（0.10±0.03 至 0.12±0.02 mg L G 1）的含量略高于水产养殖的阈值。然而，铅含量（0.16±0.03 mg L G 1）仅在 Al-Maskin 营地较高。此外，所有取样钻孔中的大肠菌群密度（4.33±7.50 至 20.33±18.77 CFU mL G 1）和细菌污染物（33.00±2.64 至 97.66±27.39 CFU mL G 1）均较高。结论研究区域的水除非经过适当处理，否则对养鱼不安全。
{"title":"Bacteriological and Physico-Chemical Assessment of Groundwater Boreholes for Aquaculture in Internally Displaced People's (IDPs) Camps in Arid Zone Nigeria","authors":"O. Nurudeen, A. O. Olusegun","doi":"10.3923/ajbs.2023.137.144","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3923/ajbs.2023.137.144","url":null,"abstract":"Background and Objective: The empowerment of displaced persons in fish farming in Maiduguri Metropolis requires a good water quality supply for successful operation and this is elusive in literature. This study, therefore, evaluated the physicochemical and bacteriological profile of groundwater boreholes in major IDP camps in Maiduguri, Borno State. Materials and Methods: Water samples from boreholes in each camp: Teacher’s Village, Farm Centre, Al-Maskin, Bolori Kasua and National Youth Service Corps (NYSC) were collected in triplicate for physic-chemical and bacteriological analyses using standard methods. Data generated were analysed using descriptive statistics and ANOVA at α 0.05 . Results: The physic-chemical parameters of the water samples were within standard limit, except dissolved oxygen (3.60±1.15 to 4.50±0.42 mg L G 1 ) and alkalinity (30.25±10.18 to 31.93±9.24 mg L G 1 ). The cadmium (0.01±0.01 to 0.04±0.05 mg L G 1 ), iron (0.08±0.02 to 0.15±0.03 mg L G 1 ) and manganese (0.10±0.03 to 0.12±0.02 mg L G 1 ) values were marginally above the threshold limit for aquaculture. However, lead content (0.16±0.03 mg L G 1 ) was only high at Al-Maskin Camp. Also, there is high coliform density (4.33±7.50 to 20.33±18.77 CFU mL G 1 ) and bacteria contaminant (33.00±2.64 to 97.66±27.39 CFU mL G 1 ) in all the borehole sampled. Conclusion: The water in the study area is not safe for fish culture except properly treated.","PeriodicalId":8481,"journal":{"name":"Asian Journal of Biological Sciences","volume":"4 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-06-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139366860","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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