Pub Date : 2022-03-01DOI: 10.6133/apjcn.202203_31(1).0014
M. Chuansangeam, Chanya Wuthikraikun, Orawan Supapueng, W. Muangpaisan
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES Malnutrition is potentially preventable in older people, but with varied reported prevalence. We assessed its prevalence, assessment methods, and risk factors in older Thai people. METHODS AND STUDY DESIGN Studies published from January 1, 2000, to September 30, 2020 were searched in Medline, EMBASE, Google Scholar, and local databases. A random-effects model was used to calculate pooled prevalence with subgroups analysis (setting of the patient, region). Forest plots displayed sensitivity and specificity for all nutritional screening tools validated against Mini Nutritional Assessment (MNA) with tests for heterogeneity. Publication bias was tested by funnel plot and Egger's test. RESULTS 71 studies (total 23,788 subjects) were included where mean age was 65.5 to 78.3 years. The pooled prevalences of malnutrition were 10.4%, 6.1%, and 5.7% by body mass index (BMI), MNA, and MNA-Short Form (MNA-SF), respectively. At-risk of malnutrition prevalence was 42.6% using the MNA and 37.8% using the MNA-SF. The pooled prevalence of malnutrition by BMI <18.5 kg/m2 was 10.4% (95% CI 8.7-12.4). The pooled prevalence of malnutrition based on MNA was 6.1% (95% CI 3.8-9.4). It was highest among hospitalized patients and lowest in community-dwelling elders by both measures. Factors associated with malnutrition were female sex, advanced age, low education, living alone, living in rural areas, comorbidities, eating problems, and geriatric conditions. CONCLUSIONS The pooled prevalence of elder malnutrition was 6-10%, depending on assessment method and study setting. Hospitalized older people were at increased risk of malnutrition. It might be ameliorated through community directed food systems.
{"title":"Prevalence and risk for malnutrition in older Thai people: A systematic review and meta-analysis.","authors":"M. Chuansangeam, Chanya Wuthikraikun, Orawan Supapueng, W. Muangpaisan","doi":"10.6133/apjcn.202203_31(1).0014","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.6133/apjcn.202203_31(1).0014","url":null,"abstract":"BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES\u0000Malnutrition is potentially preventable in older people, but with varied reported prevalence. We assessed its prevalence, assessment methods, and risk factors in older Thai people.\u0000\u0000\u0000METHODS AND STUDY DESIGN\u0000Studies published from January 1, 2000, to September 30, 2020 were searched in Medline, EMBASE, Google Scholar, and local databases. A random-effects model was used to calculate pooled prevalence with subgroups analysis (setting of the patient, region). Forest plots displayed sensitivity and specificity for all nutritional screening tools validated against Mini Nutritional Assessment (MNA) with tests for heterogeneity. Publication bias was tested by funnel plot and Egger's test.\u0000\u0000\u0000RESULTS\u000071 studies (total 23,788 subjects) were included where mean age was 65.5 to 78.3 years. The pooled prevalences of malnutrition were 10.4%, 6.1%, and 5.7% by body mass index (BMI), MNA, and MNA-Short Form (MNA-SF), respectively. At-risk of malnutrition prevalence was 42.6% using the MNA and 37.8% using the MNA-SF. The pooled prevalence of malnutrition by BMI <18.5 kg/m2 was 10.4% (95% CI 8.7-12.4). The pooled prevalence of malnutrition based on MNA was 6.1% (95% CI 3.8-9.4). It was highest among hospitalized patients and lowest in community-dwelling elders by both measures. Factors associated with malnutrition were female sex, advanced age, low education, living alone, living in rural areas, comorbidities, eating problems, and geriatric conditions.\u0000\u0000\u0000CONCLUSIONS\u0000The pooled prevalence of elder malnutrition was 6-10%, depending on assessment method and study setting. Hospitalized older people were at increased risk of malnutrition. It might be ameliorated through community directed food systems.","PeriodicalId":8486,"journal":{"name":"Asia Pacific journal of clinical nutrition","volume":"31 1 1","pages":"128-141"},"PeriodicalIF":1.3,"publicationDate":"2022-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"49154774","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-03-01DOI: 10.6133/apjcn.202203_31(1).0015
Shalini G Hegde, Shashank Dhareshwar, Sulagna Bandyopadhyay, Rebecca R Kuriyan, Jyothi Idiculla, Santu Ghosh, Anura V Kurpad, Nirupama Shivakumar
Background and objectives: South Asians are known to have excess adiposity at a lower body mass index, with truncal fat accumulation. Whether this confers higher risk to develop severe COVID-19 is not known. This study evaluated body mass index, body fat mass and waist circumference as risk factors for COVID-19 severity and its progression, in South Asian adults.
Methods and study design: Details of COVID-19 patients (19-90 years) were obtained prospectively, along with weight, height, waist circumference and body fat mass assessed by bioelectrical impedance analysis. Binomial logistic and Poisson regression were performed to test associations between waist circumference, body fat mass and body mass index to evaluate the adjusted OR or relative risk for disease severity at admission and length of stay.
Results: After adjusting for age, sex, height and co-morbidities, body mass index >23 kg/m2 (adjusted OR 2.758, 95% CI 1.025, 7.427), waist circumference (adjusted OR 1.047, 95% CI 1.002, 1.093) and body fat mass (adjusted OR 1.111, 95% CI 1.013, 1.219) were associated with a significant risk for disease severity at admission, while only waist circumference (adjusted relative risk 1.004, 95% CI 1.001, 1.008), and body fat mass (adjusted relative risk 1.011, 95% CI 1.003, 1.018), were associated with a significantly longer length of stay.
Conclusions: Body mass index, at a lower cut-off of >23 kg/m2, is a significant risk factor for COVID-19 disease severity in the group of patients studied. The waist circumference and body fat mass are also good indicators for both severity at admission and length of stay.
{"title":"Central obesity in low BMI as a risk factor for COVID-19 severity in South Indians.","authors":"Shalini G Hegde, Shashank Dhareshwar, Sulagna Bandyopadhyay, Rebecca R Kuriyan, Jyothi Idiculla, Santu Ghosh, Anura V Kurpad, Nirupama Shivakumar","doi":"10.6133/apjcn.202203_31(1).0015","DOIUrl":"10.6133/apjcn.202203_31(1).0015","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background and objectives: </strong>South Asians are known to have excess adiposity at a lower body mass index, with truncal fat accumulation. Whether this confers higher risk to develop severe COVID-19 is not known. This study evaluated body mass index, body fat mass and waist circumference as risk factors for COVID-19 severity and its progression, in South Asian adults.</p><p><strong>Methods and study design: </strong>Details of COVID-19 patients (19-90 years) were obtained prospectively, along with weight, height, waist circumference and body fat mass assessed by bioelectrical impedance analysis. Binomial logistic and Poisson regression were performed to test associations between waist circumference, body fat mass and body mass index to evaluate the adjusted OR or relative risk for disease severity at admission and length of stay.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>After adjusting for age, sex, height and co-morbidities, body mass index >23 kg/m2 (adjusted OR 2.758, 95% CI 1.025, 7.427), waist circumference (adjusted OR 1.047, 95% CI 1.002, 1.093) and body fat mass (adjusted OR 1.111, 95% CI 1.013, 1.219) were associated with a significant risk for disease severity at admission, while only waist circumference (adjusted relative risk 1.004, 95% CI 1.001, 1.008), and body fat mass (adjusted relative risk 1.011, 95% CI 1.003, 1.018), were associated with a significantly longer length of stay.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Body mass index, at a lower cut-off of >23 kg/m2, is a significant risk factor for COVID-19 disease severity in the group of patients studied. The waist circumference and body fat mass are also good indicators for both severity at admission and length of stay.</p>","PeriodicalId":8486,"journal":{"name":"Asia Pacific journal of clinical nutrition","volume":"31 1 1","pages":"142-146"},"PeriodicalIF":1.3,"publicationDate":"2022-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7612990/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"49272013","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES Overconsumption of drinks containing fructose increases the risk for hyperuricemia and gout. Comparative analysis evaluating the indicators of serum uric acid (SUA) load caused by natural food-derived fructose and pure fructose in sweeteners is lacking. We aimed to uncover the effect of fructose from apple and honey and pure fructose powder on the SUA concentration of healthy young Chinese individuals. METHODS AND STUDY DESIGN Two randomized crossover trials were performed. The participants were randomly assigned to consume apple or honey (test food) or pure fructose powder (reference food); one week later, the groups' dietary intervention was switched. Blood samples were collected at 0, 30, 60, and 120 min after meal to measure the SUA and blood glucose concentrations. RESULTS At 30 and 60 min, the SUA concentration in participants consuming apple or honey was lower than in those consuming fructose powder. At 120 min, the SUA concentration of participants consuming apple returned to baseline. The areas under the curve (AUC) within 2 h (2h- AUCs) of SUA exhibited the trend of fructose >honey >apple. The 2h-AUC ratio between test food and reference food was determined using the uric acid index to assess the efficiency of food-derived fructose in increasing the SUA concentration. The uric acid index of honey was higher than that of apple. Men had higher postprandial SUA concentration than women. CONCLUSIONS Food-derived fructose caused a lighter load on uric acid metabolism than pure fructose. Uric acid index can be useful for distinguishing fructose-containing foods.
{"title":"Effects of fructose from apple and honey on serum uric acid in young Chinese: Randomized crossover trials.","authors":"Yinyin Cheng, Hui Zhang, Yong-fei Zhu, Zhe Xue, Meng Yan, Hui Wang, Shuben Sun, Xiaohong Zhang","doi":"10.6133/apjcn.202203_31(1).0010","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.6133/apjcn.202203_31(1).0010","url":null,"abstract":"BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES\u0000Overconsumption of drinks containing fructose increases the risk for hyperuricemia and gout. Comparative analysis evaluating the indicators of serum uric acid (SUA) load caused by natural food-derived fructose and pure fructose in sweeteners is lacking. We aimed to uncover the effect of fructose from apple and honey and pure fructose powder on the SUA concentration of healthy young Chinese individuals.\u0000\u0000\u0000METHODS AND STUDY DESIGN\u0000Two randomized crossover trials were performed. The participants were randomly assigned to consume apple or honey (test food) or pure fructose powder (reference food); one week later, the groups' dietary intervention was switched. Blood samples were collected at 0, 30, 60, and 120 min after meal to measure the SUA and blood glucose concentrations.\u0000\u0000\u0000RESULTS\u0000At 30 and 60 min, the SUA concentration in participants consuming apple or honey was lower than in those consuming fructose powder. At 120 min, the SUA concentration of participants consuming apple returned to baseline. The areas under the curve (AUC) within 2 h (2h- AUCs) of SUA exhibited the trend of fructose >honey >apple. The 2h-AUC ratio between test food and reference food was determined using the uric acid index to assess the efficiency of food-derived fructose in increasing the SUA concentration. The uric acid index of honey was higher than that of apple. Men had higher postprandial SUA concentration than women.\u0000\u0000\u0000CONCLUSIONS\u0000Food-derived fructose caused a lighter load on uric acid metabolism than pure fructose. Uric acid index can be useful for distinguishing fructose-containing foods.","PeriodicalId":8486,"journal":{"name":"Asia Pacific journal of clinical nutrition","volume":"31 1 1","pages":"87-96"},"PeriodicalIF":1.3,"publicationDate":"2022-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"49299772","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-03-01DOI: 10.6133/apjcn.202203_31(1).0009
Zhengli Huang, Yi Wang
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES This study aimed to evaluate the effects of enteral immunonutrition (EIN) on the nutritional status of patients during the perioperative period of digestive system surgery. METHODS AND STUDY DESIGN The clinical data of 102 patients who underwent gastrointestinal surgery between August 2017 and February 2021 were retrospectively analyzed. According to the nutritional support regimen, the patients were divided into an enteral nutrition (EN) group (50 patients) and an EIN group (52 patients). RESULTS The times (in hours) to return of the first bowel sound, first postoperative flatus, and first bowel movement, as well as the length of postoperative hospital stay were shorter in the EIN group than in the EN group (p<0.05). The concentrations of hemoglobin, prealbumin, albumin, and transferrin, as well as the concentrations of immunoglobulin A (IgA), immunoglobulin G (IgG), immunoglobulin M (IgM), complement C3, and complement C4 were higher in the EIN group than in the EN group at 1 and 7 days after surgery (p<0.05). The concentrations of endotoxins, D-lactic acid, and diamine oxidase were lower in the EIN group than in the EN group (p<0.05). The tolerance to enteral feeding was better in the EIN group than in the EN group (p<0.05). The incidence of complications was lower in the EIN group (5.77%) than in the EN group (10.0%) (p>0.05). CONCLUSIONS EIN can promote gastrointestinal function recovery, improve the nutritional status, enhance the humoral immune function, regulate intestinal flora balance, improve intestinal permeability, prevent enteral feeding intolerance, and reduce complications in patients undergoing surgery for digestive system diseases.
{"title":"Perioperative enteral immunonutrition with probiotics favors the nutritional, inflammatory, and functional statuses in digestive system surgery.","authors":"Zhengli Huang, Yi Wang","doi":"10.6133/apjcn.202203_31(1).0009","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.6133/apjcn.202203_31(1).0009","url":null,"abstract":"BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES\u0000This study aimed to evaluate the effects of enteral immunonutrition (EIN) on the nutritional status of patients during the perioperative period of digestive system surgery.\u0000\u0000\u0000METHODS AND STUDY DESIGN\u0000The clinical data of 102 patients who underwent gastrointestinal surgery between August 2017 and February 2021 were retrospectively analyzed. According to the nutritional support regimen, the patients were divided into an enteral nutrition (EN) group (50 patients) and an EIN group (52 patients).\u0000\u0000\u0000RESULTS\u0000The times (in hours) to return of the first bowel sound, first postoperative flatus, and first bowel movement, as well as the length of postoperative hospital stay were shorter in the EIN group than in the EN group (p<0.05). The concentrations of hemoglobin, prealbumin, albumin, and transferrin, as well as the concentrations of immunoglobulin A (IgA), immunoglobulin G (IgG), immunoglobulin M (IgM), complement C3, and complement C4 were higher in the EIN group than in the EN group at 1 and 7 days after surgery (p<0.05). The concentrations of endotoxins, D-lactic acid, and diamine oxidase were lower in the EIN group than in the EN group (p<0.05). The tolerance to enteral feeding was better in the EIN group than in the EN group (p<0.05). The incidence of complications was lower in the EIN group (5.77%) than in the EN group (10.0%) (p>0.05).\u0000\u0000\u0000CONCLUSIONS\u0000EIN can promote gastrointestinal function recovery, improve the nutritional status, enhance the humoral immune function, regulate intestinal flora balance, improve intestinal permeability, prevent enteral feeding intolerance, and reduce complications in patients undergoing surgery for digestive system diseases.","PeriodicalId":8486,"journal":{"name":"Asia Pacific journal of clinical nutrition","volume":"31 1 1","pages":"78-86"},"PeriodicalIF":1.3,"publicationDate":"2022-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43807691","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-03-01DOI: 10.6133/apjcn.202203_31(1).0008
Lan Jiang, Jinyu Wang, Lei Xu, Jing Cai, Shanliang Zhao, A. Ma
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES Inflammatory cytokines and metabolic abnormalities are common in patients with tuberculosis. Observational studies have indicated that probiotics modulate inflammatory cytokines and metabolites; however, clinical evidence of the effect of probiotics on patients with tuberculosis is lacking. This study investigated the effects of Lactobacillus casei on inflammatory cytokines and metabolites during tuberculosis treatment. METHODS AND STUDY DESIGN A randomized controlled trial was conducted. A total of 47 inpatients were included and randomly assigned to receive standard antituberculosis therapy only (control group) or that treatment together with 1 × 1010 colony-forming units per day of Lactobacillus casei (low-dose group) or 2 × 1010 colony-forming units per day of Lactobacillus casei (high-dose group) for 4 weeks of intensive treatment during hospitalization. Plasma samples were analyzed for inflammatory cytokines and metabolomics with ELISA kits and ultrahigh performance liquid chromatography quadrupole time-of-flight mass spectrometry. RESULTS Daily Lactobacillus casei supplementation of up to 2 × 1010 colony-forming units significantly lowered the concentrations of tumor necrosis factor-α, interleukin-6, interleukin-10, and interleukin-12 (p=0.007, p=0.042, p=0.002, p<0.001, respectively) in patients with tuberculosis. Compared with the control and low-dose groups, the plasma metabolites of phosphatidylserine, maresin 1, phosphatidylcholine, L-saccharopine, and pyridoxamine were significantly upregulated, and N-acetylmethionine, L-tryptophan, phosphatidylethanolamine, and phenylalanine were downregulated in the high-dose group. Strong correlations were observed between metabolites and inflammatory cytokines. CONCLUSIONS Lactobacillus casei supplementation during the intensive phase of tuberculosis treatment can significantly modulate inflammatory cytokines and metabolites. Decreased inflammatory cytokines may be related to metabolite changes.
{"title":"Lactobacillus casei modulates inflammatory cytokines and metabolites during tuberculosis treatment: A post hoc randomized controlled trial.","authors":"Lan Jiang, Jinyu Wang, Lei Xu, Jing Cai, Shanliang Zhao, A. Ma","doi":"10.6133/apjcn.202203_31(1).0008","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.6133/apjcn.202203_31(1).0008","url":null,"abstract":"BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES\u0000Inflammatory cytokines and metabolic abnormalities are common in patients with tuberculosis. Observational studies have indicated that probiotics modulate inflammatory cytokines and metabolites; however, clinical evidence of the effect of probiotics on patients with tuberculosis is lacking. This study investigated the effects of Lactobacillus casei on inflammatory cytokines and metabolites during tuberculosis treatment.\u0000\u0000\u0000METHODS AND STUDY DESIGN\u0000A randomized controlled trial was conducted. A total of 47 inpatients were included and randomly assigned to receive standard antituberculosis therapy only (control group) or that treatment together with 1 × 1010 colony-forming units per day of Lactobacillus casei (low-dose group) or 2 × 1010 colony-forming units per day of Lactobacillus casei (high-dose group) for 4 weeks of intensive treatment during hospitalization. Plasma samples were analyzed for inflammatory cytokines and metabolomics with ELISA kits and ultrahigh performance liquid chromatography quadrupole time-of-flight mass spectrometry.\u0000\u0000\u0000RESULTS\u0000Daily Lactobacillus casei supplementation of up to 2 × 1010 colony-forming units significantly lowered the concentrations of tumor necrosis factor-α, interleukin-6, interleukin-10, and interleukin-12 (p=0.007, p=0.042, p=0.002, p<0.001, respectively) in patients with tuberculosis. Compared with the control and low-dose groups, the plasma metabolites of phosphatidylserine, maresin 1, phosphatidylcholine, L-saccharopine, and pyridoxamine were significantly upregulated, and N-acetylmethionine, L-tryptophan, phosphatidylethanolamine, and phenylalanine were downregulated in the high-dose group. Strong correlations were observed between metabolites and inflammatory cytokines.\u0000\u0000\u0000CONCLUSIONS\u0000Lactobacillus casei supplementation during the intensive phase of tuberculosis treatment can significantly modulate inflammatory cytokines and metabolites. Decreased inflammatory cytokines may be related to metabolite changes.","PeriodicalId":8486,"journal":{"name":"Asia Pacific journal of clinical nutrition","volume":"31 1 1","pages":"66-77"},"PeriodicalIF":1.3,"publicationDate":"2022-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45073667","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-03-01DOI: 10.6133/apjcn.202203_31(1).0011
MM Wen-junMa, Wei Zhang, Jie-Yi Zhai, Hui Li, T. Zhao, Lei Han Dr, Qian Wen, Xu-Dong Song, Xiao Guo
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES The present study aimed to investigate the hypothesis that dietary amino acid intakes are associated with the risk of sarcopenia through a community-based observational study. METHODS AND STUDY DESIGN A total of 1,140 participants (72.7±6.3 y) were recruited from an annual health check-up program in Qingdao, China. Skeletal muscle mass, muscle mass functions and biochemical parameters were measured by standard methods. Dietary intake was assessed by 3-day, 24-hour food records. The odds ratios (ORs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) of sarcopenic risk across quartiles of amino acid intakes were calculated using a multivariable- adjusted logistic regression model. Generalized linear models were used to assess the associations between dietary amino acid intakes and muscle mass functions. RESULTS The prevalence of sarcopenia was 4.1%. Compared with the lowest category intake, the highest category of branched chain amino acids (BCAAs) (OR=0.11; 95% CI: 0.01, 0.90; p for trend=0.119), isoleucine (OR=0.11; 95% CI: 0.01, 0.89; p for trend=0.122) and tryptophan (OR=0.10; 95% CI: 0.01, 0.87; p for trend=0.176) was negatively correlated with sarcopenic risk with adjustment for potential confounding factors. Generalized linear model analysis showed that gait speed was positively correlated with dietary intakes of lysine, threonine, leucine, valine, tryptophan, BCAAs and aromatic amino acids (p<0.05). CONCLUSIONS Higher intakes of BCAAs were associated with a lower risk of sarcopenia, which might beneficially protect against sarcopenia and improve physical function of the elderly.
{"title":"Branched chain and other amino acid intakes are inversely associated with sarcopenia among community elders in Qingdao, China.","authors":"MM Wen-junMa, Wei Zhang, Jie-Yi Zhai, Hui Li, T. Zhao, Lei Han Dr, Qian Wen, Xu-Dong Song, Xiao Guo","doi":"10.6133/apjcn.202203_31(1).0011","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.6133/apjcn.202203_31(1).0011","url":null,"abstract":"BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES\u0000The present study aimed to investigate the hypothesis that dietary amino acid intakes are associated with the risk of sarcopenia through a community-based observational study.\u0000\u0000\u0000METHODS AND STUDY DESIGN\u0000A total of 1,140 participants (72.7±6.3 y) were recruited from an annual health check-up program in Qingdao, China. Skeletal muscle mass, muscle mass functions and biochemical parameters were measured by standard methods. Dietary intake was assessed by 3-day, 24-hour food records. The odds ratios (ORs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) of sarcopenic risk across quartiles of amino acid intakes were calculated using a multivariable- adjusted logistic regression model. Generalized linear models were used to assess the associations between dietary amino acid intakes and muscle mass functions.\u0000\u0000\u0000RESULTS\u0000The prevalence of sarcopenia was 4.1%. Compared with the lowest category intake, the highest category of branched chain amino acids (BCAAs) (OR=0.11; 95% CI: 0.01, 0.90; p for trend=0.119), isoleucine (OR=0.11; 95% CI: 0.01, 0.89; p for trend=0.122) and tryptophan (OR=0.10; 95% CI: 0.01, 0.87; p for trend=0.176) was negatively correlated with sarcopenic risk with adjustment for potential confounding factors. Generalized linear model analysis showed that gait speed was positively correlated with dietary intakes of lysine, threonine, leucine, valine, tryptophan, BCAAs and aromatic amino acids (p<0.05).\u0000\u0000\u0000CONCLUSIONS\u0000Higher intakes of BCAAs were associated with a lower risk of sarcopenia, which might beneficially protect against sarcopenia and improve physical function of the elderly.","PeriodicalId":8486,"journal":{"name":"Asia Pacific journal of clinical nutrition","volume":"31 1 1","pages":"97-107"},"PeriodicalIF":1.3,"publicationDate":"2022-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"49431116","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-03-01DOI: 10.6133/apjcn.202203_31(1).0013
Zunyan Chu, Jiu-ming Gao, Li Ma, Han Zhou, Feng Zhong, Lei Chen, Tianlin Gao, Aiguo Ma
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES Energy provided by macronutrients plays a key role in healthy aging. This study therefore explored the association between macronutrients and cognitive function in elderly populations in rural areas of Qingdao, China. METHODS AND STUDY DESIGN This study included 1,504 participants over the age of 65 recruited from Licha Town, Qingdao City, China. Dietary intake was measured using the Food Frequency Questionnaire, and cognitive function was assessed using the Mini-Mental State Examination. Logistic regression models were used to evaluate the association between dietary macronutrient intake and cognitive function. In addition, restricted cubic bars were applied to determine the dose-response relationship between macronutrient ratios and cognitive performance. RESULTS A total of 877 adults over the age of 65 were included. After adjusting the weighted multiple variables, significant positive associations were revealed between protein and moderate carbohydrate intake and cognitive ability, but a negative association between fat intake and cognitive performance was identified. After calculating the daily energy supply ratio, similar associations were revealed between fat and protein intake and cognitive function. Furthermore, the ratio of proteins to carbohydrates had a U-shaped relationship with cognitive function (pnonlinearity=0.674), whereas the ratio of proteins to fats was L-shaped with lower cognitive function (pnonlinearity<0.001). Compared with the lowest quartile of the ratio of protein to fat intake, the weighted adjusted OR (95% CI) of the highest quartile was 0.509 (0.314, 0.827) for low cognitive performance. CONCLUSIONS With an adequate carbohydrate supply, appropriately increasing dietary protein intake and reducing fat intake might benefit the cognitive function of elders in rural areas.
{"title":"Cognitive function and elderly macronutrient intakes from rural diets in Qingdao, China.","authors":"Zunyan Chu, Jiu-ming Gao, Li Ma, Han Zhou, Feng Zhong, Lei Chen, Tianlin Gao, Aiguo Ma","doi":"10.6133/apjcn.202203_31(1).0013","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.6133/apjcn.202203_31(1).0013","url":null,"abstract":"BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES\u0000Energy provided by macronutrients plays a key role in healthy aging. This study therefore explored the association between macronutrients and cognitive function in elderly populations in rural areas of Qingdao, China.\u0000\u0000\u0000METHODS AND STUDY DESIGN\u0000This study included 1,504 participants over the age of 65 recruited from Licha Town, Qingdao City, China. Dietary intake was measured using the Food Frequency Questionnaire, and cognitive function was assessed using the Mini-Mental State Examination. Logistic regression models were used to evaluate the association between dietary macronutrient intake and cognitive function. In addition, restricted cubic bars were applied to determine the dose-response relationship between macronutrient ratios and cognitive performance.\u0000\u0000\u0000RESULTS\u0000A total of 877 adults over the age of 65 were included. After adjusting the weighted multiple variables, significant positive associations were revealed between protein and moderate carbohydrate intake and cognitive ability, but a negative association between fat intake and cognitive performance was identified. After calculating the daily energy supply ratio, similar associations were revealed between fat and protein intake and cognitive function. Furthermore, the ratio of proteins to carbohydrates had a U-shaped relationship with cognitive function (pnonlinearity=0.674), whereas the ratio of proteins to fats was L-shaped with lower cognitive function (pnonlinearity<0.001). Compared with the lowest quartile of the ratio of protein to fat intake, the weighted adjusted OR (95% CI) of the highest quartile was 0.509 (0.314, 0.827) for low cognitive performance.\u0000\u0000\u0000CONCLUSIONS\u0000With an adequate carbohydrate supply, appropriately increasing dietary protein intake and reducing fat intake might benefit the cognitive function of elders in rural areas.","PeriodicalId":8486,"journal":{"name":"Asia Pacific journal of clinical nutrition","volume":"31 1 1","pages":"118-127"},"PeriodicalIF":1.3,"publicationDate":"2022-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48406717","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-03-01DOI: 10.6133/apjcn.202203_31(1).0004
Yong You, Ming Chen, Xiancheng Chen, Wenkui Yu
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES To evaluate the significance of diaphragm thickness (DT) in assessing the nutritional status and predicting the length of hospital stay (LOS) of patients with COVID-19. METHODS AND STUDY DESIGN The data of 212 patients with severe and critical COVID-19 in Wuhan, China, were retrospectively analyzed. Computed tomography (CT)-obtained DT was measured in cross-sectional images of the mediastinal window at the level of the outlet of the celiac trunk at admission and at 2 weeks, then the rate of change in DT(RCDT) at 2 weeks was calculated. Nutritional risk and malnutrition were evaluated at admission. RESULTS A total of 91 patients were involved in the study. The mean DT was 3.06±0.58 mm (3.15±0.63 mm in male and 2.93±0.50 mm in female). DT was significantly negatively correlated with malnutrition based on Global Leadership Initiative on Malnutrition (GLIM) criteria (r=-0.324, p=0.002), Nutritional Risk Screening 2002 (NRS-2002) score (r=-0.364, p=0.000) and the Malnutrition Universal Screening Tool (MUST) score (r=-0.326, p=0.002) at admission. For the prediction of LOS ≥4 weeks in patients with COVID-19, the area under the ROC curve (AUC) of the RCDT at 2 weeks was 0.772, while the AUCs of DT, NRS-2002, MUST and Nutrition Risk in Critically Ill scores at admission were 0.751, 0.676, 0.638 and 0.699 respectively. According to the model of multiple linear regression analysis, the DT at admission (β=-0.377, p=0.000), RCDT at 2 weeks (β =-0.323, p=0.001), and mechanical ventilation (β=0.192, p=0.031) were independent risk factors contributed to LOS. CONCLUSIONS CT-obtained DT can be used as a dynamic assessment tool for evaluating the nutritional status of patients in isolation wards for COVID-19.
{"title":"Diaphragm thickness on computed tomography for nutritional assessment and hospital stay prediction in critical COVID-19.","authors":"Yong You, Ming Chen, Xiancheng Chen, Wenkui Yu","doi":"10.6133/apjcn.202203_31(1).0004","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.6133/apjcn.202203_31(1).0004","url":null,"abstract":"BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES\u0000To evaluate the significance of diaphragm thickness (DT) in assessing the nutritional status and predicting the length of hospital stay (LOS) of patients with COVID-19.\u0000\u0000\u0000METHODS AND STUDY DESIGN\u0000The data of 212 patients with severe and critical COVID-19 in Wuhan, China, were retrospectively analyzed. Computed tomography (CT)-obtained DT was measured in cross-sectional images of the mediastinal window at the level of the outlet of the celiac trunk at admission and at 2 weeks, then the rate of change in DT(RCDT) at 2 weeks was calculated. Nutritional risk and malnutrition were evaluated at admission.\u0000\u0000\u0000RESULTS\u0000A total of 91 patients were involved in the study. The mean DT was 3.06±0.58 mm (3.15±0.63 mm in male and 2.93±0.50 mm in female). DT was significantly negatively correlated with malnutrition based on Global Leadership Initiative on Malnutrition (GLIM) criteria (r=-0.324, p=0.002), Nutritional Risk Screening 2002 (NRS-2002) score (r=-0.364, p=0.000) and the Malnutrition Universal Screening Tool (MUST) score (r=-0.326, p=0.002) at admission. For the prediction of LOS ≥4 weeks in patients with COVID-19, the area under the ROC curve (AUC) of the RCDT at 2 weeks was 0.772, while the AUCs of DT, NRS-2002, MUST and Nutrition Risk in Critically Ill scores at admission were 0.751, 0.676, 0.638 and 0.699 respectively. According to the model of multiple linear regression analysis, the DT at admission (β=-0.377, p=0.000), RCDT at 2 weeks (β =-0.323, p=0.001), and mechanical ventilation (β=0.192, p=0.031) were independent risk factors contributed to LOS.\u0000\u0000\u0000CONCLUSIONS\u0000CT-obtained DT can be used as a dynamic assessment tool for evaluating the nutritional status of patients in isolation wards for COVID-19.","PeriodicalId":8486,"journal":{"name":"Asia Pacific journal of clinical nutrition","volume":"31 1 1","pages":"33-40"},"PeriodicalIF":1.3,"publicationDate":"2022-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42655366","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-03-01DOI: 10.6133/apjcn.202203_31(1).0001
G. Cannon, C. Leitzmann
Nutrition was invented in the early 19th century as a biochemical science that reduces foods into significant chemical constituents. Ever since then, the teaching and practice of nutrition has been based on this conceptual framework, or paradigm. The examples given here are dietary guidelines and other food guides. The first guides issued up to the middle of the last century were designed to help prevent nutrient deficiencies, promote growth, and ensure plentiful diets. These recommended foods then thought to contain adequate proteins, fats, carbohydrates, vitamins, minerals and trace elements, as well as dietary energy. At a time of accelerating industrial production of food, they were generally effective. Within the second half of the century, guides were developed and changed to counter the rapid rise in heart disease in the USA, the UK, and other high-income countries. These recommended less foods of all types high in fat, saturated fat, cholesterol and sodium, more 'complex carbohydrates', and fruit and vegetables rich in microconstituents. They probably had some limited effect. In this century and now, dominant guides have been changed again in attempts to counter what has become pandemic obesity and diabetes. These recommend less food high in saturated fat, sugar and sodium, with less emphasis on total fat and more on sugar. They are not effective. All these guides are derived from and governed by the biochemical paradigm of nutrition science. This was once useful, but now should be discarded as obsolete except for addressing deficiencies. Here, a new paradigm is proposed.
{"title":"Food and nutrition science: The new paradigm.","authors":"G. Cannon, C. Leitzmann","doi":"10.6133/apjcn.202203_31(1).0001","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.6133/apjcn.202203_31(1).0001","url":null,"abstract":"Nutrition was invented in the early 19th century as a biochemical science that reduces foods into significant chemical constituents. Ever since then, the teaching and practice of nutrition has been based on this conceptual framework, or paradigm. The examples given here are dietary guidelines and other food guides. The first guides issued up to the middle of the last century were designed to help prevent nutrient deficiencies, promote growth, and ensure plentiful diets. These recommended foods then thought to contain adequate proteins, fats, carbohydrates, vitamins, minerals and trace elements, as well as dietary energy. At a time of accelerating industrial production of food, they were generally effective. Within the second half of the century, guides were developed and changed to counter the rapid rise in heart disease in the USA, the UK, and other high-income countries. These recommended less foods of all types high in fat, saturated fat, cholesterol and sodium, more 'complex carbohydrates', and fruit and vegetables rich in microconstituents. They probably had some limited effect. In this century and now, dominant guides have been changed again in attempts to counter what has become pandemic obesity and diabetes. These recommend less food high in saturated fat, sugar and sodium, with less emphasis on total fat and more on sugar. They are not effective. All these guides are derived from and governed by the biochemical paradigm of nutrition science. This was once useful, but now should be discarded as obsolete except for addressing deficiencies. Here, a new paradigm is proposed.","PeriodicalId":8486,"journal":{"name":"Asia Pacific journal of clinical nutrition","volume":"31 1 1","pages":"1-15"},"PeriodicalIF":1.3,"publicationDate":"2022-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"49395927","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES The variation in glycemic responses to white rice caused by the circadian rhythm has been widely investigated but remain controversial. This study investigated diurnal differences in the effect of rice meals on glycemic responses, insulin responses, satiety, and acute cognitive function. METHODS AND STUDY DESIGN A total of 20 healthy participants in Group 1 and 14 in Group 2 were served identical servings of cooked white rice containing 50 g of available carbohydrates at 8:00 a.m. (rice at breakfast), 12:30 p.m. (rice at lunch), and 5:00 p.m. (rice at early supper) in a randomized order. Postprandial blood glucose, insulin, satiety, and cognitive performance tests were conducted for each test meal. RESULTS The rice at an early supper elicited significantly milder glycemic responses than did the rice at lunch and resulted in a lower insulin sensitivity than did rice at breakfast. No difference was observed among the test meals in terms of hunger and prospective food intake. Diurnal acute cognitive performance did not differ considerably among the meals. A correlation analysis indicated that low variability in glycemic responses was positively associated with superior cognitive performance. CONCLUSIONS A high-glycemic index white rice supper at 5:00 p.m. may facilitate daily glycemic management.
{"title":"Diurnal differences in glycemic responses, insulin responses and cognition after rice-based meals.","authors":"Wenqi Zhao, Zhenyang Liu, Zhihong Fan, Yixue Wu, Xinling Lou, Anshu Liu, Xuejiao Lu","doi":"10.6133/apjcn.202203_31(1).0007","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.6133/apjcn.202203_31(1).0007","url":null,"abstract":"BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES\u0000The variation in glycemic responses to white rice caused by the circadian rhythm has been widely investigated but remain controversial. This study investigated diurnal differences in the effect of rice meals on glycemic responses, insulin responses, satiety, and acute cognitive function.\u0000\u0000\u0000METHODS AND STUDY DESIGN\u0000A total of 20 healthy participants in Group 1 and 14 in Group 2 were served identical servings of cooked white rice containing 50 g of available carbohydrates at 8:00 a.m. (rice at breakfast), 12:30 p.m. (rice at lunch), and 5:00 p.m. (rice at early supper) in a randomized order. Postprandial blood glucose, insulin, satiety, and cognitive performance tests were conducted for each test meal.\u0000\u0000\u0000RESULTS\u0000The rice at an early supper elicited significantly milder glycemic responses than did the rice at lunch and resulted in a lower insulin sensitivity than did rice at breakfast. No difference was observed among the test meals in terms of hunger and prospective food intake. Diurnal acute cognitive performance did not differ considerably among the meals. A correlation analysis indicated that low variability in glycemic responses was positively associated with superior cognitive performance.\u0000\u0000\u0000CONCLUSIONS\u0000A high-glycemic index white rice supper at 5:00 p.m. may facilitate daily glycemic management.","PeriodicalId":8486,"journal":{"name":"Asia Pacific journal of clinical nutrition","volume":"31 1 1","pages":"57-65"},"PeriodicalIF":1.3,"publicationDate":"2022-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"49217094","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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