Background and objectives: To explore the risk factors for non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) and to establish a non-invasive tool for the screening of NAFLD in an older adult population.
Methods and study design: A total of 131,161 participants were included in this cross-sectional study. Participants were randomly divided into training and validation sets (7:3). The least absolute shrinkage and selection operator method was used to screen risk factors. Multivariate logistic regression was employed to develop a nomogram, which was made available online. Receiver operating characteristic curve analysis, calibration plots, and decision curve analysis were used to validate the discrimination, calibration, and clinical practicability of the nomogram. Sex and age subgroup analyses were conducted to further validate the reliability of the model.
Results: Nine variables were identified for inclusion in the nomogram (age, sex, waist circumference, body mass index, exercise frequency, systolic blood pressure, fasting plasma glucose, alanine aminotransferase, and low-density lipoprotein cholesterol). The area under the receiver operating characteristic curve values were 0.793 and 0.790 for the training set and the validation set, respectively. The calibration plots and decision curve analyses showed good calibration and clinical utility. Subgroup analyses demonstrated consistent discriminatory ability in different sex and age subgroups.
Conclusions: This study established and validated a new nomogram model for evaluating the risk of NAFLD among older adults. The nomogram had good discriminatory performance and is a non-invasive and convenient tool for the screening of NAFLD in older adults.
Background and objectives: The effect of different coffee and tea consumption on postprandial glucose and lipid metabolism has never been reported previously. The aim of the present study was to investigate the effect of different coffee or tea consumption at breakfast on postprandial cardiometabolic risk factors in healthy individuals.
Methods and study design: Eighteen healthy young subjects completed the trial. After 8-hour overnight fast, volunteers either ingested water, freeze-dried coffee, spray-dried coffee, green tea, black tea or oolong tea together with a breakfast consisting of an egg and 180g deep-fried dough sticks. Blood was drawn at 0h, 0.5h, 1h, 2h, and 3h.
Results: The differences in triglyceride (TG) values relative to the baseline levels at 2h and 3h of green tea was significantly decreased compared with black tea and oolong tea (p<0.05). Compared with black tea, green tea and oolong tea significantly reduced postprandial total cholesterol (TC) levels (p<0.05, p<0.01), respectively. Furthermore, the serum concentrations of high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C) and low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) were substantially decreased after oolong tea consumption compared with black tea (p<0.05, p<0.01).
Conclusions: Green tea ingestion can lower the elevation of serum TG and TC levels after high-fat or high-cholesterol diets. Our findings have far-reaching implications given the widespread use of coffee and tea and the current concern over cardiometabolic risk factors.
Background and objectives: Fermented foods play an important role in establishing intestinal bacterial flora, and the composition of the intestinal bacterial flora might be associated with neurodevelopment. This study investigated the association between maternal intake of fermented foods during pregnancy and early neuro-development in offspring.
Methods and study design: Data were analyzed for 73,522 pregnant women participating in the Japan Environment and Children's Study. Their intake of four common fermented foods during pregnancy was assessed using a semi-quantitative FFQ. Neurodevelopment in their infants at 1 year of age was estimated using the Ages and Stages Questionnaires.
Results: Multivariable logistic regression analysis showed that maternal intake of miso soup and fermented soybeans was each associated with a significantly reduced risk of delay in infant communication skills. Maternal intake of fermented soybeans and cheese was each associated with a significantly reduced risk of delay in fine motor skills in the third and fourth quartiles. For problem-solving, preventive associations were observed with maternal intake of fermented soybeans in the second and third quartiles and with maternal intake of cheese in the third and fourth quartiles. Maternal intake of yogurt was associated with a significantly reduced risk of delay in personal-social skills in the third and fourth quartiles, while that of cheese was associated with a reduced risk in the third quartile. No reductions in risk were observed for gross motor skills.
Conclusions: Our results suggest that fermented food intake during pregnancy may have beneficial associations with several areas of psychomotor development in children.
Background and objectives: It is recommended by Asian Working Group for Sarcopenia to early identify people at risk for sarcopenia using simple screening tools like SARC-F. The modified version SARC-F+EBM showed higher diagnostic performance. However, this cut-off value of body mass index (BMI) remained uncertain to be used in Chinese population. In this study, we used appropriate BMI recommended for Chinese older population and further modified SARC-F+EBM by combining calf circumference.
Methods and study design: Diagnostic tests were performed and the receiver operating characteristics analyses were conducted between the SARC-F, SARC-F+EBM (cut-off of BMI: ≤ 21 kg/m2), SARC-F+EBM (CN) (cut-off of BMI: ≤ 22 kg/m2), SARC-CalF and SARC-CalF+EBM (CN) (cut-off of BMI: ≤ 22 kg/m2) in 1660 community-dwelling participants aged ≥ 65 years from China.
Results: The participants had an average age of 71.7±5.1 years, of which 56.8% were women. All the modified models could enhance the areas under the receiver operating characteristic curve (AUC) of original SARC-F (all p<0.001). The SARC-F+EBM (CN) also showed a significantly higher sensitivity of 47.4% (p<0.001) and an AUC of 0.809 (p=0.005) than SARC-F+EBM. SARC-CalF+EBM (CN) was validated to be of great diagnostic value of the highest AUC of 0.88 among these sarcopenia screening tools, including SARC-F, SARC-CalF and SARC-F+EBM (CN) (all p<0.001). Using this study population as a reference, the optimal cut-off value of SARC-CalF+EBM (CN) is ≥12 points, with a sensitivity of 79.3% and a specificity of 80.7%.
Conclusions: The SARC-F+EBM (CN) and SARC-CalF+EBM (CN) could enhance the diagnostic performance of SARC-F and SARC-F+EBM and are suitable sarcopenia screening tools for Chinese population.
Background and objectives: While the health promoting effects of green tea polyphenols have been identi-fied among adult, research on children is scarce probably due to safety concerns about caffeine. This study aims to evaluate the safety of decaffeinated green tea polyphenols (DGTP) supplementation in girls with obesity and lay the foundation for its application in children population.
Methods and study design: This 12-week randomized, double-blinded, parallel-controlled trial was performed among 62 girls with obesity aged 6 to 10 years old. Participants were allocated to take 400 mg/d DGTP (DGTP group, n = 31) or isodose placebo (Control group, n = 31) at random. Anthropometric measurements and biochemical parameters including hepatic and renal function indicators, serum minerals concentrations, and routine blood parameters, were measured at baseline and the end of this trial. DGTP intake diary was required for each participant to record any abnormal reactions.
Results: After the 12-week supplementation, compared to Control group, the uric acid concentration in DGTP group showed a significant decrease (-48.0 ± 83.2 vs -0.01 ± 69.1, μmol/L), within the normal range. Regarding other biochemical indicators, there were no significant differences in changed values between the two groups. Throughout the trial, no adverse effects were reported in either group.
Conclusions: This study indicated that the supplementation of 400 mg/d DGTP for 12 weeks had no adverse health effects in girls with obesity, providing evidence for the DGTP adoption in children research.
Background and objectives: We aimed to evaluate the associations between a combined healthy lifestyle during the second and third trimesters and offspring anthropometric outcomes in China.
Methods and study design: We examined these associations among 548 participants from nine community health centers and three hospitals in the North China cohort. A pregnant women's healthy lifestyle score (HLS) was constructed based on six lifestyle factors: smoking, alcohol consumption, physical activity, sedentary behavior, diet, and gestational weight gain. Anthropometric indicators at birth like birth weight (BW), head circumference (HC), and birth length (BL) were collected, and weight to head circumference ratio (WHC, kg/m), body mass index (BMI, kg/m2) and Ponderal Index (PI, kg/m3) were calculated. Multivariate linear and logistic regression models were used to examine the effects of HLS during the second and third trimesters on anthropometric outcomes at birth, respectively.
Results: In fully adjusted models, we found a negative association between second and third-trimester HLS and offspring HC and a positive relationship between second-trimester HLS and BL (p<0.05). Neonates with mothers in the highest HLS tertile had a 5.6% relatively lower HC and 2.3% relatively longer body length than women in the lowest tertile. Each additional unit in third-trimester HLS had an associated decrease in HC by 0.96 cm. None of the associations between HLS and BW, WHC, BMI, and PI of offspring were observed.
Conclusions: A healthy lifestyle score may significantly impact offspring head circumference and body length, supporting the important role of healthy lifestyles in improving the health of offspring.
Background and objectives: The usual recommended intake of vitamin D for healthy infants is 400 international unit (IU) daily. However, a high dose of vitamin D at 2000-3000 IU daily is needed for those with vitamin D deficiency (VDD). This study aimed to assess the natural history of a group of healthy infants with VDD and the associated factors for persistent VDD.
Methods and study design: Healthy infants detected to have VDD (25OHD <25 nmol/L) in a population study were followed, and their demographics and clinical data were collected.
Results: One hundred and thirty-one subjects (boys = 66%) were included. Their first serum 25OHD was taken at a median age of 87.5 days. None were treated with high-dose vitamin D supplements, but some have been given vitamin D at 400 IU daily. They were assessed again at the median age of 252.5 days when 15 remained to have VDD and 26 were in the insufficient range (25 - 49.9nmol/L). All persistent VDD children were on exclusive breastfeeding. Exclusive breastfeeding and no vitamin D supplementation were significant risk factors for persistent vitamin D insufficiency (<50nmol/L).
Conclusions: Persistent VDD is common among infants exclusively breastfeeding and those who did not receive vitamin D supplementation.
Background and objectives: To evaluate the relationship between acute muscle wasting rate and long-term mortality in critically ill trauma.
Methods and study design: A single-center, retrospective study was conducted in critically ill trauma. Patients with Computed Tomography scans including the L3 vertebra within 24 hours and at 1 week after trauma were recruited. Acute muscle wasting rate was defined as the mean percent variation per day of skeletal muscle index in the first week after trauma. Multivariate logistic regression analysis and receiver operating characteristic curve analysis were performed to determine whether acute muscle wasting rate could help predict hospital malnutrition and 1-year mortality.
Results: Skeletal muscle index was 49.3±10.7 cm2/m2 at baseline and decreased to 45.1±9.6 cm2/m2 (p<0.001) at 1 week and 39.8±10.8cm2/m2 (p<0.001) at 1 month after trauma. A sustained decrease of skeletal muscle index was observed from baseline up to 6 months (33.7±8.4cm2/m2, p<0.001) post trauma, and lasted for 1 year (37.7±5.6cm2/m2, p=0.004). Logistic regression analysis showed that acute muscle wasting rate was an independent risk factor for hospital malnutrition and 1-year mortality. Every 1% absolute increase of acute muscle wasting rate was associated with 1.82-fold higher odds of 1-year mortality in critically ill trauma. The area under curve of acute muscle wasting rate was 0.813 for hospital malnutrition prediction and 0.715 for 1-year mortality prediction.
Conclusions: Acute muscle wasting rate was independently associated with higher 1-year mortality and hospital malnutrition in critically ill trauma.
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