Asia Pacific journal of clinical nutrition最新文献

Background and objectives: To explore the effect of nutrition management under ERAS concept in patients with spinal tuberculosis.

Methods and study design: The study was conducted in an orthopedic ward of a tertiary grade A special hospital in Beijing. The patients admitted from January 1, 2021 to June 27, 2023 were screened for inclusion. The qualified patients were randomized into experimental group or control group. The experimental group received perioperative nutrition management under the concept of ERAS while the control group received routine perioperative management in hospital. The data was collected on the next day of admission, the next day and the sixth day after operation, including laboratory indicators (lymphocyte count, hemoglobin level, etc), intraoperative bleeding volume, postoperative exhaust, defecation time, drainage volume, albumin infusion amount, nutritional risk score, length of stay, hospitalization costs, etc. Univariate analysis and multivariate analysis correcting for gender, age, and baseline values were performed using SPSS24.0.

Results: A total of 127 patients with spinal tuberculosis completed the study. Compared with the control group, the intraoperative blood loss (p=0.028) in the experimental group was significantly reduced, the postoperative exhaust time (p=0.012) and defecation time (p=0.012) were significantly shortened, and the nutritional status (p<0.001) was significantly improved. Besides, the results of multivariate analysis are robust after correcting potential confounding factors.

Conclusions: Nutrition management under the concept of ERAS is helpful to reduce intraoperative bleeding, promote postoperative flatus and defecation, and improve nutritional status in patients with spinal tuberculosis, which may further improve their clinical outcome and prognosis.

Background and objectives: To evaluate the potential benefits of Bacteroides fragilis 839 (BF839), a next-generation probiotics, in reducing myelosuppression and gastrointestinal toxicity associated with chemotherapy in breast cancer patient.

Methods and study design: 40 women with early breast cancer were randomly assigned to the BF839 (n=20) or placebo (n=20) during the administration of adjuvant chemotherapy (4 cycles of epirubicin 100mg/m2 and cyclophosphamide 600mg/m2). Myelosuppression and gastrointestinal adverse effects were monitored in both groups.

Results: Throughout the four treatment cycles, the percentage of patients experiencing myelosuppression was 42.5% in the BF839 group, significantly lower than the 66.3% observed in the control group (p=0.003). Two patients in the BF839 group and three patients in the placebo group received recombinant human granulocyte colony-stimulating factor (rhG-CSF) due to leuko-penia/neutropenia. When considering an ITT analysis, which included all patients regardless of rhG-CSF treatment, the BF839 group exhibited less reduction from baseline in white blood cells (-0.31±1.19 vs -1.15±0.77, p=0.012) and neutrophils (0.06±1.00 vs -0.84±0.85, p=0.004) compared to the placebo group. The difference became even more significant when excluding the patients who received rhG-CSF injections. Throughout the four treatment cycles, compared to the placebo group, the BF839 group had significantly lower rates of 3-4 grade nausea (35.0% vs 71.3%, p=0.001), vomiting (20.0% vs 45.0%, p=0.001), and diarrhea (15.0% vs 30.0%, p=0.023).

Conclusions: These findings suggest that BF839 has the potential to effectively mitigate myelosuppression and gastrointestinal toxicity associated with chemotherapy in breast cancer patients.

Background and objectives: Sichuan cuisine is characterized by high salt and oil content. We aimed to evaluate the effects of the Sichuan cuisine version of Chinese heart-healthy diet (CHH diet-SC) on blood pressure reduction among hypertensive adults.

Methods and study design: The Chinese heart-healthy diet (CHH) trial was a multicenter randomized controlled feeding trial among Chinese hypertensive people. We conducted a secondary analysis of the CHH trial using data from the Sichuan center in Southwest China. Fifty-three people aged 25 to 75 years with a mean systolic blood pressure (SBP) between 130 and 159 mmHg were enrolled. Eligible participants underwent a 1-week run-in period with the typical local diet and were randomized 1:1 to consume the CHH diet-SC (n=27) or typical local diet (n=26) for the next 4-week. The primary outcome was the net change in SBP, the secondary outcomes included diastolic blood pressure (DBP), mean arterial pressure (MAP), and the rate of BP control.

Results: Compared with the control group, the CHH diet-SC decreased cooking salt, oil, and red meat content and increased inclusion of whole grains, fruits, seafood, low-fat dairy, soybean, and nuts; the SBP experienced reductions of 7.54, 8.60, 9.14, and 10.1 mmHg at the end of weeks 1 through 4; the DBP was reduced 4.01 mmHg at week 4; the MAP was significantly reduced 6.02 mmHg finally; and rate of BP control significantly increased (p<0.05).

Conclusions: Adoption of the CHH diet-SC for 4 weeks can significantly reduce BP and increase the rate of BP control in hypertensive adults.

Background and objectives: To assess the vitamin D nutritional status (VDN) of pregnant women in early pregnancy and investigate the effects of periconceptional supplementation with multiple micronutrients (MMs) on this status.

Methods and study design: Data were taken from the Pregnancy Health Care System and Hospital Information System in 2018 in Beijing. Vitamin D nutritional status in early pregnancy was evaluated among 4,978 pregnant women, and 4,540 women who took folic acid only (FA) or multiple mi-cronutrients supplements (MM) during the periconceptional period, were include to estimate the associations between periconceptional supplementation with MM and prevalence of vitamin D deficiency or insufficiency with logistic regression model.

Results: The mean early-pregnancy vitamin D concentration was 18.6 (±7.5) ng/mL, and the rates of deficiency and insufficiency were 31.6% and 60.5%, respectively. Compared to the FA group, the adjusted odds ratio (aOR, 95%confidence interval, CI) for insufficiency or deficiency of the MM group were 0.25(0.18-0.34), and the aOR (95%CI) for deficiency of the MM group were 0.17 (0.12-0.23). Women who took MMs for a longer period of time, at higher frequencies, and with higher compliance scores had lower rates of deficiency and insufficiency. In winter, spring, and autumn, taking MMs could reduce deficiency by about 70%; in summer, there was little effect.

Conclusions: Among women in Beijing, serum concentrations of vitamin D in early pregnancy are relatively low, and the rates of deficiency and insufficiency are high. Taking MMs during the periconceptional period could improve this situation.

Background and objectives: To explore the risk factors for non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) and to establish a non-invasive tool for the screening of NAFLD in an older adult population.

Methods and study design: A total of 131,161 participants were included in this cross-sectional study. Participants were randomly divided into training and validation sets (7:3). The least absolute shrinkage and selection operator method was used to screen risk factors. Multivariate logistic regression was employed to develop a nomogram, which was made available online. Receiver operating characteristic curve analysis, calibration plots, and decision curve analysis were used to validate the discrimination, calibration, and clinical practicability of the nomogram. Sex and age subgroup analyses were conducted to further validate the reliability of the model.

Results: Nine variables were identified for inclusion in the nomogram (age, sex, waist circumference, body mass index, exercise frequency, systolic blood pressure, fasting plasma glucose, alanine aminotransferase, and low-density lipoprotein cholesterol). The area under the receiver operating characteristic curve values were 0.793 and 0.790 for the training set and the validation set, respectively. The calibration plots and decision curve analyses showed good calibration and clinical utility. Subgroup analyses demonstrated consistent discriminatory ability in different sex and age subgroups.

Conclusions: This study established and validated a new nomogram model for evaluating the risk of NAFLD among older adults. The nomogram had good discriminatory performance and is a non-invasive and convenient tool for the screening of NAFLD in older adults.

Background and objectives: The effect of different coffee and tea consumption on postprandial glucose and lipid metabolism has never been reported previously. The aim of the present study was to investigate the effect of different coffee or tea consumption at breakfast on postprandial cardiometabolic risk factors in healthy individuals.

Methods and study design: Eighteen healthy young subjects completed the trial. After 8-hour overnight fast, volunteers either ingested water, freeze-dried coffee, spray-dried coffee, green tea, black tea or oolong tea together with a breakfast consisting of an egg and 180g deep-fried dough sticks. Blood was drawn at 0h, 0.5h, 1h, 2h, and 3h.

Results: The differences in triglyceride (TG) values relative to the baseline levels at 2h and 3h of green tea was significantly decreased compared with black tea and oolong tea (p<0.05). Compared with black tea, green tea and oolong tea significantly reduced postprandial total cholesterol (TC) levels (p<0.05, p<0.01), respectively. Furthermore, the serum concentrations of high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C) and low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) were substantially decreased after oolong tea consumption compared with black tea (p<0.05, p<0.01).

Conclusions: Green tea ingestion can lower the elevation of serum TG and TC levels after high-fat or high-cholesterol diets. Our findings have far-reaching implications given the widespread use of coffee and tea and the current concern over cardiometabolic risk factors.

Background and objectives: Fermented foods play an important role in establishing intestinal bacterial flora, and the composition of the intestinal bacterial flora might be associated with neurodevelopment. This study investigated the association between maternal intake of fermented foods during pregnancy and early neuro-development in offspring.

Methods and study design: Data were analyzed for 73,522 pregnant women participating in the Japan Environment and Children's Study. Their intake of four common fermented foods during pregnancy was assessed using a semi-quantitative FFQ. Neurodevelopment in their infants at 1 year of age was estimated using the Ages and Stages Questionnaires.

Results: Multivariable logistic regression analysis showed that maternal intake of miso soup and fermented soybeans was each associated with a significantly reduced risk of delay in infant communication skills. Maternal intake of fermented soybeans and cheese was each associated with a significantly reduced risk of delay in fine motor skills in the third and fourth quartiles. For problem-solving, preventive associations were observed with maternal intake of fermented soybeans in the second and third quartiles and with maternal intake of cheese in the third and fourth quartiles. Maternal intake of yogurt was associated with a significantly reduced risk of delay in personal-social skills in the third and fourth quartiles, while that of cheese was associated with a reduced risk in the third quartile. No reductions in risk were observed for gross motor skills.

Conclusions: Our results suggest that fermented food intake during pregnancy may have beneficial associations with several areas of psychomotor development in children.

Background and objectives: It is recommended by Asian Working Group for Sarcopenia to early identify people at risk for sarcopenia using simple screening tools like SARC-F. The modified version SARC-F+EBM showed higher diagnostic performance. However, this cut-off value of body mass index (BMI) remained uncertain to be used in Chinese population. In this study, we used appropriate BMI recommended for Chinese older population and further modified SARC-F+EBM by combining calf circumference.

Methods and study design: Diagnostic tests were performed and the receiver operating characteristics analyses were conducted between the SARC-F, SARC-F+EBM (cut-off of BMI: ≤ 21 kg/m2), SARC-F+EBM (CN) (cut-off of BMI: ≤ 22 kg/m2), SARC-CalF and SARC-CalF+EBM (CN) (cut-off of BMI: ≤ 22 kg/m2) in 1660 community-dwelling participants aged ≥ 65 years from China.

Results: The participants had an average age of 71.7±5.1 years, of which 56.8% were women. All the modified models could enhance the areas under the receiver operating characteristic curve (AUC) of original SARC-F (all p<0.001). The SARC-F+EBM (CN) also showed a significantly higher sensitivity of 47.4% (p<0.001) and an AUC of 0.809 (p=0.005) than SARC-F+EBM. SARC-CalF+EBM (CN) was validated to be of great diagnostic value of the highest AUC of 0.88 among these sarcopenia screening tools, including SARC-F, SARC-CalF and SARC-F+EBM (CN) (all p<0.001). Using this study population as a reference, the optimal cut-off value of SARC-CalF+EBM (CN) is ≥12 points, with a sensitivity of 79.3% and a specificity of 80.7%.

Conclusions: The SARC-F+EBM (CN) and SARC-CalF+EBM (CN) could enhance the diagnostic performance of SARC-F and SARC-F+EBM and are suitable sarcopenia screening tools for Chinese population.