Pub Date : 2018-11-19DOI: 10.17758/eares4.eap1118453
{"title":"A Beacon of Hope in Islamic Moral Values towards Sustainable Restructuring of Nigeria as a Nation","authors":"","doi":"10.17758/eares4.eap1118453","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.17758/eares4.eap1118453","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":8495,"journal":{"name":"ASETH-18,ACABES-18 & EBHSSS-18 Nov. 19-20 2018 Cape Town (South Africa)","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-11-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"74713110","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2018-11-19DOI: 10.17758/eares4.eap1118262
T. J. V. Rensburg, C. J. Schabort
This study focuses on bio-oil obtained from spent coffee grounds, either by reflux extraction or continuous hydrothermal liquefaction. Spent coffee grounds was chosen as feedstock for this study as it is available around the world and considered a second generation feedstock, as it is a food waste. The production of coffee in 2017 was more than 9.5 million tons, which translates into an increase of 2.3% from 2016. A large portion of coffee beans end up as spent coffee grounds during the production of instant coffee, making this waste product an ideal feedstock for the biofuel industry. Spent coffee grounds was collected from a local coffee shop in Potchefstroom and used as feedstock in the production and extraction of bio-oil from the spent coffee grounds. Reflux extraction was done on the dried spent coffee grounds using hexane, ethanol and acetone as solvents. Different retention times were investigated for each solvent and the yield of the oil was reported. The maximum yield 11.7 wt% was obtained when hexane was used as a solvent. Continuous hydrothermal liquefaction was done using spent coffee grounds as a feedstock and a bio-crude yield of 28.5 wt% was obtained. The average higher heating value of the extracted oils was 39 MJ/kg, while the higher heating value for the hydrothermal liquefaction oil was a bit lower at 36 MJ/kg.
{"title":"A Comparison of Batch Extracted Bio-oil and Continuous Hydrothermal Liquefaction Bio-oil using Spent Coffee Grounds as Biomass Feedstock","authors":"T. J. V. Rensburg, C. J. Schabort","doi":"10.17758/eares4.eap1118262","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.17758/eares4.eap1118262","url":null,"abstract":"This study focuses on bio-oil obtained from spent coffee grounds, either by reflux extraction or continuous hydrothermal liquefaction. Spent coffee grounds was chosen as feedstock for this study as it is available around the world and considered a second generation feedstock, as it is a food waste. The production of coffee in 2017 was more than 9.5 million tons, which translates into an increase of 2.3% from 2016. A large portion of coffee beans end up as spent coffee grounds during the production of instant coffee, making this waste product an ideal feedstock for the biofuel industry. Spent coffee grounds was collected from a local coffee shop in Potchefstroom and used as feedstock in the production and extraction of bio-oil from the spent coffee grounds. Reflux extraction was done on the dried spent coffee grounds using hexane, ethanol and acetone as solvents. Different retention times were investigated for each solvent and the yield of the oil was reported. The maximum yield 11.7 wt% was obtained when hexane was used as a solvent. Continuous hydrothermal liquefaction was done using spent coffee grounds as a feedstock and a bio-crude yield of 28.5 wt% was obtained. The average higher heating value of the extracted oils was 39 MJ/kg, while the higher heating value for the hydrothermal liquefaction oil was a bit lower at 36 MJ/kg.","PeriodicalId":8495,"journal":{"name":"ASETH-18,ACABES-18 & EBHSSS-18 Nov. 19-20 2018 Cape Town (South Africa)","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-11-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"76712033","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2018-11-19DOI: 10.17758/eares4.eap1118252
M. Basitere, Y. Mpentshu, C. Dlangamandla, B. Chidi
— This study reports on the microbial screening for a bio-delipidation system of lipid-rich slaughterhouse wastewater, and on the optimal conditions for lipase production and activity. In this study, swaps were collected from the poultry slaughterhouse discharge point for screening, isolation and characterisation of lipolytic microorganisms using molecular techniques. Bacillus cereus strains AB1 ( BF3 ) and CC-1 (B3O) were identified using 16S rRNA techniques. Maximal lipase production for both strains was observed between pH 6 – 8 and 45 – 60 °C. Optimal lipase activity for BF3 and B30 was achieved at pH 8 and 60 °C, and at pH 8.83 and 45°C, respectively. After partial purification, increased activity was observed for BF3 and B30 strains. Solvents, metal ions and detergents (triclosan and trichlorocarbonilide) affected lipase activity. It was concluded that BF3 and B30 strains were suitable candidates for bio-delipidation systems.
{"title":"Microbial Screening for Bio-delipidation System of Pre-treated Poultry Slaughterhouse Wastewater: Impact of Solvents, Metal Ions and Detergents on Lipase Activity","authors":"M. Basitere, Y. Mpentshu, C. Dlangamandla, B. Chidi","doi":"10.17758/eares4.eap1118252","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.17758/eares4.eap1118252","url":null,"abstract":"— This study reports on the microbial screening for a bio-delipidation system of lipid-rich slaughterhouse wastewater, and on the optimal conditions for lipase production and activity. In this study, swaps were collected from the poultry slaughterhouse discharge point for screening, isolation and characterisation of lipolytic microorganisms using molecular techniques. Bacillus cereus strains AB1 ( BF3 ) and CC-1 (B3O) were identified using 16S rRNA techniques. Maximal lipase production for both strains was observed between pH 6 – 8 and 45 – 60 °C. Optimal lipase activity for BF3 and B30 was achieved at pH 8 and 60 °C, and at pH 8.83 and 45°C, respectively. After partial purification, increased activity was observed for BF3 and B30 strains. Solvents, metal ions and detergents (triclosan and trichlorocarbonilide) affected lipase activity. It was concluded that BF3 and B30 strains were suitable candidates for bio-delipidation systems.","PeriodicalId":8495,"journal":{"name":"ASETH-18,ACABES-18 & EBHSSS-18 Nov. 19-20 2018 Cape Town (South Africa)","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-11-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"73361341","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2018-11-19DOI: 10.17758/eares4.eap1118243
E. Fosso-Kankeu, M. Spiro, F. Waanders, Neeraj Kumar, S. Ray
The shortage of water can be worsened by the pollution of limited water resources by industrial activities such as mining which contribute to significant level of toxic heavy metals in the environments. Heavy metals such as lead could negatively affect the health of consumers ingesting contaminated water and must therefore be removed from existing water sources to ensure that these sources can be used effectively and safely. In this study the potential of zeolite (clinoptilolite) and molybdenum sulfide as effective adsorbents and lead-selective adsorbent, respectively was considered for the hydrothermal synthesis of MoS2-Zeolite composite for effective removal of lead from aqueous solution. The synthesized composite and the parent compounds were characterized using scanning electron microscopy (SEM), energy dispersive spectroscopy (EDS) and Fourier transformed infrared spectroscopy (FTIR). The results confirmed the properties of the adsorbents as well the successful synthesis of the composite. The adsorbents were used for the removal lead from solution while assessing the effect of adsorbent dosage and initial concentration of lead on the adsorption performance. It was found that clinoptilolite, MoS2 and MoS2-zeolite exhibited adsorption capacities of 3.45, 4.1 and 1.2 mg/g, respectively; indicating that MoS2 was the superior adsorbent. This implies that for metal contaminated solutions, MoS2 will be the ideal adsorbent for the removal of lead. Keywords— Water pollution, lead, adsorbents, zeolite, molybdenum sulfide, adsorption kinetics Manuscript received October 03, 2018. This work was supported in part by the North West University department of Chemical Engineering. E. Fosso-Kankeu is with the Water Pollution Monitoring and Remediation Initiatives Research Group in the School of Chemical and Minerals Engineering of the North West University, South Africa. F. Waanders is with the Water Pollution Monitoring and Remediation Initiatives Research Group in the School of Chemical and Minerals Engineering of the North West University, South Africa. Martin J. Spiro is with the Water Pollution Monitoring and Remediation Initiatives Research Group in the School of Chemical and Minerals Engineering of the North West University, South Africa. Nico Lemmer is with the Water Pollution Monitoring and Remediation Initiatives Research Group in the School of Chemical and Minerals Engineering of the North West University, South Africa. Neeraj Kumar is with the DST-CSIR National Centre for Nanostructured Materials, Council for Scientific and Industrial Research, Pretoria 0001, South Africa. Suprakas S. Ray is with the DST-CSIR National Centre for Nanostructured Materials, Council for Scientific and Industrial Research, Pretoria 0001, South Africa.
诸如采矿等工业活动污染了有限的水资源，造成环境中大量有毒重金属，从而使水资源短缺问题更加严重。铅等重金属可能对饮用受污染水的消费者的健康产生负面影响，因此必须从现有水源中去除，以确保这些水源能够得到有效和安全的利用。本研究考虑了沸石(斜沸石)和硫化钼作为有效吸附剂和铅选择性吸附剂的潜力，分别用于水热合成mos2 -沸石复合材料，以有效去除水溶液中的铅。利用扫描电镜(SEM)、能谱仪(EDS)和傅里叶变换红外光谱(FTIR)对合成的复合物及其母体化合物进行了表征。结果证实了吸附剂的性能，也证实了复合材料的成功合成。研究了吸附剂对铅的去除效果，考察了吸附剂用量和铅初始浓度对铅吸附性能的影响。结果表明，斜沸石、二硫化钼和二硫化钼沸石的吸附量分别为3.45、4.1和1.2 mg/g;表明二硫化钼是较好的吸附剂。这意味着对于金属污染的溶液，二硫化钼将是去除铅的理想吸附剂。关键词:水污染，铅，吸附剂，沸石，硫化钼，吸附动力学这项工作得到了西北大学化学工程系的部分支持。E. Fosso-Kankeu就职于南非西北大学化学与矿物工程学院水污染监测与修复倡议研究小组。F. Waanders就职于南非西北大学化学与矿物工程学院水污染监测与修复倡议研究小组。马丁·斯皮罗(Martin J. Spiro)就职于南非西北大学化学与矿物工程学院水污染监测与修复倡议研究小组。尼科·莱默(Nico Lemmer)就职于南非西北大学化学与矿物工程学院水污染监测与修复倡议研究小组。Neeraj Kumar就职于南非科学与工业研究理事会DST-CSIR国家纳米结构材料中心，比勒陀利亚0001。Suprakas S. Ray就职于DST-CSIR国家纳米结构材料中心，科学和工业研究委员会，比勒陀利亚0001，南非。
{"title":"Hydrothermal Synthesis, Characterisation and Adsorption Testing of MoS2-Zeolite for the Removal of Lead in an Aqueous Solution","authors":"E. Fosso-Kankeu, M. Spiro, F. Waanders, Neeraj Kumar, S. Ray","doi":"10.17758/eares4.eap1118243","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.17758/eares4.eap1118243","url":null,"abstract":"The shortage of water can be worsened by the pollution of limited water resources by industrial activities such as mining which contribute to significant level of toxic heavy metals in the environments. Heavy metals such as lead could negatively affect the health of consumers ingesting contaminated water and must therefore be removed from existing water sources to ensure that these sources can be used effectively and safely. In this study the potential of zeolite (clinoptilolite) and molybdenum sulfide as effective adsorbents and lead-selective adsorbent, respectively was considered for the hydrothermal synthesis of MoS2-Zeolite composite for effective removal of lead from aqueous solution. The synthesized composite and the parent compounds were characterized using scanning electron microscopy (SEM), energy dispersive spectroscopy (EDS) and Fourier transformed infrared spectroscopy (FTIR). The results confirmed the properties of the adsorbents as well the successful synthesis of the composite. The adsorbents were used for the removal lead from solution while assessing the effect of adsorbent dosage and initial concentration of lead on the adsorption performance. It was found that clinoptilolite, MoS2 and MoS2-zeolite exhibited adsorption capacities of 3.45, 4.1 and 1.2 mg/g, respectively; indicating that MoS2 was the superior adsorbent. This implies that for metal contaminated solutions, MoS2 will be the ideal adsorbent for the removal of lead. Keywords— Water pollution, lead, adsorbents, zeolite, molybdenum sulfide, adsorption kinetics Manuscript received October 03, 2018. This work was supported in part by the North West University department of Chemical Engineering. E. Fosso-Kankeu is with the Water Pollution Monitoring and Remediation Initiatives Research Group in the School of Chemical and Minerals Engineering of the North West University, South Africa. F. Waanders is with the Water Pollution Monitoring and Remediation Initiatives Research Group in the School of Chemical and Minerals Engineering of the North West University, South Africa. Martin J. Spiro is with the Water Pollution Monitoring and Remediation Initiatives Research Group in the School of Chemical and Minerals Engineering of the North West University, South Africa. Nico Lemmer is with the Water Pollution Monitoring and Remediation Initiatives Research Group in the School of Chemical and Minerals Engineering of the North West University, South Africa. Neeraj Kumar is with the DST-CSIR National Centre for Nanostructured Materials, Council for Scientific and Industrial Research, Pretoria 0001, South Africa. Suprakas S. Ray is with the DST-CSIR National Centre for Nanostructured Materials, Council for Scientific and Industrial Research, Pretoria 0001, South Africa.","PeriodicalId":8495,"journal":{"name":"ASETH-18,ACABES-18 & EBHSSS-18 Nov. 19-20 2018 Cape Town (South Africa)","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-11-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"82224343","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2018-11-19DOI: 10.17758/eares4.eap1118404
{"title":"Prosumer-behaviour of Chemistry Researchers: An Academic Librarian’s Perspective","authors":"","doi":"10.17758/eares4.eap1118404","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.17758/eares4.eap1118404","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":8495,"journal":{"name":"ASETH-18,ACABES-18 & EBHSSS-18 Nov. 19-20 2018 Cape Town (South Africa)","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-11-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"82312521","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2018-11-19DOI: 10.17758/eares4.eap1118237
E. Fosso-Kankeu, G. Rosslee, S. Pandey, F. Waanders, S. Marx
This study investigates the performance of microbial fuel cells (MFCs) fed with municipal sewage water considering parameters such as temperature and cathode materials. Single chamber ceramic MFCs with the cathode exposed to water were used in this study. These MFCs were made from M fine clay which were fired to create a ceramic pot. All four of the ceramics were placed in water, one at 19C and the other three at 37C. Three ceramics, with different cathode materials, were exposed to water at 37C. The cathode materials investigated were clean ceramic, activated carbon and carbon black Vulcan XC-72 (Cabot Corporation). The activated carbon and carbon black Vulcan XC-72 were fixed to the outside of the ceramic using polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) binder. The anode material was made of woven graphite fiber, the surface area of the anode was 136 cm. Voltage readings were taken over a 1000 Ω external resistance every 24 hours. Results indicate that 37C is beneficial for power production. Investigation of cathode materials showed that the carbon black MFC produced the most power, 19.95 mW/m, followed by the activated carbon MFC with, 12.55 mW/m. The clean ceramic MFC produced 8.85 mW/m of power. The activated carbon MFC performed best in terms of wastewater treating ability. The COD in the former MFC decreased with 37.57%, followed by the carbon black MFC with, 34.46%. The carbon black MFC had a CE of 44 %. The use of MFC made of locally available clay material will allow to consider the possibility of sewage wastewater treatment with simultaneous generation of electricity. Keywords—Activated carbon, Carbon black Vulcan XC-72, Ceramic, MFC, Water cathode, Woven graphite fiber Manuscript received October 03, 2018. This work was supported in part by the National Research Foundation (NRF). Elvis Fosso-Kankeu is with the Water Pollution Monitoring and Remediation Initiatives Research Group in the School of Chemical and Minerals Engineering of the North West University, Potchefstroom-South Africa. Gerhard Rosslee is with the Water Pollution Monitoring and Remediation Initiatives Research Group in the School of Chemical and Minerals Engineering of the North West University, Potchefstroom-South Africa. Frans Waanders is with the Water Pollution Monitoring and Remediation Initiatives Research Group in the School of Chemical and Minerals Engineering of the North West University, Potchefstroom-South Africa. Sadanand Pandey is with the Water Pollution Monitoring and Remediation Initiatives Research Group in the School of Chemical and Minerals Engineering of the North West University, Potchefstroom-South Africa. Sanette Marx is with the School of Chemical and Minerals Engineering of the North West University, Potchefstroom-South Africa. Soumya Pandit is with the Amity Institute of Biotechnology, Amity University, Mumbai, India.
{"title":"Effect of Temperature and Cathode Material on Power Production in an Earthenware Microbial Fuel Cell","authors":"E. Fosso-Kankeu, G. Rosslee, S. Pandey, F. Waanders, S. Marx","doi":"10.17758/eares4.eap1118237","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.17758/eares4.eap1118237","url":null,"abstract":"This study investigates the performance of microbial fuel cells (MFCs) fed with municipal sewage water considering parameters such as temperature and cathode materials. Single chamber ceramic MFCs with the cathode exposed to water were used in this study. These MFCs were made from M fine clay which were fired to create a ceramic pot. All four of the ceramics were placed in water, one at 19C and the other three at 37C. Three ceramics, with different cathode materials, were exposed to water at 37C. The cathode materials investigated were clean ceramic, activated carbon and carbon black Vulcan XC-72 (Cabot Corporation). The activated carbon and carbon black Vulcan XC-72 were fixed to the outside of the ceramic using polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) binder. The anode material was made of woven graphite fiber, the surface area of the anode was 136 cm. Voltage readings were taken over a 1000 Ω external resistance every 24 hours. Results indicate that 37C is beneficial for power production. Investigation of cathode materials showed that the carbon black MFC produced the most power, 19.95 mW/m, followed by the activated carbon MFC with, 12.55 mW/m. The clean ceramic MFC produced 8.85 mW/m of power. The activated carbon MFC performed best in terms of wastewater treating ability. The COD in the former MFC decreased with 37.57%, followed by the carbon black MFC with, 34.46%. The carbon black MFC had a CE of 44 %. The use of MFC made of locally available clay material will allow to consider the possibility of sewage wastewater treatment with simultaneous generation of electricity. Keywords—Activated carbon, Carbon black Vulcan XC-72, Ceramic, MFC, Water cathode, Woven graphite fiber Manuscript received October 03, 2018. This work was supported in part by the National Research Foundation (NRF). Elvis Fosso-Kankeu is with the Water Pollution Monitoring and Remediation Initiatives Research Group in the School of Chemical and Minerals Engineering of the North West University, Potchefstroom-South Africa. Gerhard Rosslee is with the Water Pollution Monitoring and Remediation Initiatives Research Group in the School of Chemical and Minerals Engineering of the North West University, Potchefstroom-South Africa. Frans Waanders is with the Water Pollution Monitoring and Remediation Initiatives Research Group in the School of Chemical and Minerals Engineering of the North West University, Potchefstroom-South Africa. Sadanand Pandey is with the Water Pollution Monitoring and Remediation Initiatives Research Group in the School of Chemical and Minerals Engineering of the North West University, Potchefstroom-South Africa. Sanette Marx is with the School of Chemical and Minerals Engineering of the North West University, Potchefstroom-South Africa. Soumya Pandit is with the Amity Institute of Biotechnology, Amity University, Mumbai, India.","PeriodicalId":8495,"journal":{"name":"ASETH-18,ACABES-18 & EBHSSS-18 Nov. 19-20 2018 Cape Town (South Africa)","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-11-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"74317546","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2018-11-19DOI: 10.17758/eares4.eap1118460
{"title":"Stakeholders’ Perceptions of Coastal Tourism and its Management: A Case of Nonoti Beach Rural Community in KwaZulu-Natal, South Africa","authors":"","doi":"10.17758/eares4.eap1118460","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.17758/eares4.eap1118460","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":8495,"journal":{"name":"ASETH-18,ACABES-18 & EBHSSS-18 Nov. 19-20 2018 Cape Town (South Africa)","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-11-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"82196111","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2018-11-19DOI: 10.17758/eares4.eap1118261
Gideon van Rensburg, Rouxné Kruger, S. Marx
Hydrothermal liquefaction (HTL) is a thermochemical process that produces various products from lignocellulosic feedstocks. In this study sugar cane bagasse was used as feedstock for HTL. Experiments were carried out in a batch reactor, at varying operating conditions to investigate the effect on the product yields and product composition. The reactor temperature, heating rate, and retention time were varied, while the volume loading of the reactor and feedstock to water ratio were kept constant. Nitrogen was used to pressurize the reactor for all experiments. It was found that none of the operating conditions have a significant effect on the parameters studied.
{"title":"Effect of Operating Parameters on Hydrothermal Liquefaction of Sugarcane Bagasse","authors":"Gideon van Rensburg, Rouxné Kruger, S. Marx","doi":"10.17758/eares4.eap1118261","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.17758/eares4.eap1118261","url":null,"abstract":"Hydrothermal liquefaction (HTL) is a thermochemical process that produces various products from lignocellulosic feedstocks. In this study sugar cane bagasse was used as feedstock for HTL. Experiments were carried out in a batch reactor, at varying operating conditions to investigate the effect on the product yields and product composition. The reactor temperature, heating rate, and retention time were varied, while the volume loading of the reactor and feedstock to water ratio were kept constant. Nitrogen was used to pressurize the reactor for all experiments. It was found that none of the operating conditions have a significant effect on the parameters studied.","PeriodicalId":8495,"journal":{"name":"ASETH-18,ACABES-18 & EBHSSS-18 Nov. 19-20 2018 Cape Town (South Africa)","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-11-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"83849825","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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