Pub Date : 2018-11-19DOI: 10.17758/eares4.eap1118249
M. M. N. Douanla, E. Malenga, E. Fosso-Kankeu, S. Ntwampe, L. C. Razanamahandry
Several nanoparticles (Cu2O, SnO, ZnO) have been intensively studied and applied in wastewater treatment research, with TiO2 gaining popularity because of its stability, affordability, large band gap, recyclability and its efficiency in photocatalysis. This study reports on the influence of solubilising matrices on TiO2 nanoparticle synthesis. A Wet Chemical Method was used to synthesis TiO2 nanoparticles by solubilising TiCl4 in three types of solvents: water, toluene and methylene chloride. Physical, chemical and optical properties of the TiO2 nanoparticles obtained from these various solubilising agents were characterised by XRD, UV-Vis, FTIR and SEM. Results were compared for each solvent with TiO2 nanoparticles solubilised in water having the best properties. Keywords—Titanium Chloride, Titanium Oxide, Nanomaterials, Wet Chemical Method
{"title":"Impact of Solubilising Matrices for TiCl4 on the Formation of TiO2 Nanoparticles","authors":"M. M. N. Douanla, E. Malenga, E. Fosso-Kankeu, S. Ntwampe, L. C. Razanamahandry","doi":"10.17758/eares4.eap1118249","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.17758/eares4.eap1118249","url":null,"abstract":"Several nanoparticles (Cu2O, SnO, ZnO) have been intensively studied and applied in wastewater treatment research, with TiO2 gaining popularity because of its stability, affordability, large band gap, recyclability and its efficiency in photocatalysis. This study reports on the influence of solubilising matrices on TiO2 nanoparticle synthesis. A Wet Chemical Method was used to synthesis TiO2 nanoparticles by solubilising TiCl4 in three types of solvents: water, toluene and methylene chloride. Physical, chemical and optical properties of the TiO2 nanoparticles obtained from these various solubilising agents were characterised by XRD, UV-Vis, FTIR and SEM. Results were compared for each solvent with TiO2 nanoparticles solubilised in water having the best properties. Keywords—Titanium Chloride, Titanium Oxide, Nanomaterials, Wet Chemical Method","PeriodicalId":8495,"journal":{"name":"ASETH-18,ACABES-18 & EBHSSS-18 Nov. 19-20 2018 Cape Town (South Africa)","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-11-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"81409408","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2018-11-19DOI: 10.17758/eares4.eap1118244
E. Fosso-Kankeu, Meiklejohn Leamy, E. Akinpelu, F. Waanders
Abstract— Due to increasing populations and an ever-changing climate, limited water resources are South Africa’s burden. Clean water is important for all living organisms’ health and environmental sustainability. To achieve efficient and cost-effective ways of removing heavy metals from water, the development of different water treatment technologies are important. This study evaluates the performance of organic waste in the form of brewery waste as suitable adsorbent for removing Pb and Cd from water. Raw brewery waste was treated with sodium dodecyl sulphate (SDS) to investigate whether pre-treatment of raw organic waste can possibly enhance the removal rate of metals. Characterization of the adsorbents was done by FTIR analyses. Pseudo-first-order and pseudo-second-order kinetic models were utilized as well as the Langmuir and Freundlich isotherm models to determine the adsorption rate and affinity of the adsorbents. Other factors influencing the adsorption process that was investigated include the effects of adsorbent dosage, contact time, initial metal ions concentration and temperature. The untreated brewery waste removed 68.17% Pb(II) and 56.28% Cd(II) which increased to 95.30% Pb(II) and 83.29% Cd(II) when treated with SDS. Treatment of brewery waste can be used to enhance the adsorption capacity. Thermodynamic parameter evaluation indicated that the adsorption process was endothermic in nature and thermodynamically favourable in the case of treated brewery waste. Treated brewery waste can therefore be used for efficient Pb and Cd removal from water.
{"title":"Assessment of the Performance of SDS-Impregnated Brewery Waste as Suitable Adsorbent for the Removal of Pb and Cd from Water","authors":"E. Fosso-Kankeu, Meiklejohn Leamy, E. Akinpelu, F. Waanders","doi":"10.17758/eares4.eap1118244","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.17758/eares4.eap1118244","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract— Due to increasing populations and an ever-changing climate, limited water resources are South Africa’s burden. Clean water is important for all living organisms’ health and environmental sustainability. To achieve efficient and cost-effective ways of removing heavy metals from water, the development of different water treatment technologies are important. This study evaluates the performance of organic waste in the form of brewery waste as suitable adsorbent for removing Pb and Cd from water. Raw brewery waste was treated with sodium dodecyl sulphate (SDS) to investigate whether pre-treatment of raw organic waste can possibly enhance the removal rate of metals. Characterization of the adsorbents was done by FTIR analyses. Pseudo-first-order and pseudo-second-order kinetic models were utilized as well as the Langmuir and Freundlich isotherm models to determine the adsorption rate and affinity of the adsorbents. Other factors influencing the adsorption process that was investigated include the effects of adsorbent dosage, contact time, initial metal ions concentration and temperature. The untreated brewery waste removed 68.17% Pb(II) and 56.28% Cd(II) which increased to 95.30% Pb(II) and 83.29% Cd(II) when treated with SDS. Treatment of brewery waste can be used to enhance the adsorption capacity. Thermodynamic parameter evaluation indicated that the adsorption process was endothermic in nature and thermodynamically favourable in the case of treated brewery waste. Treated brewery waste can therefore be used for efficient Pb and Cd removal from water.","PeriodicalId":8495,"journal":{"name":"ASETH-18,ACABES-18 & EBHSSS-18 Nov. 19-20 2018 Cape Town (South Africa)","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-11-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"82359397","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2018-11-19DOI: 10.17758/EARES4.EAP1118214
U. Hutchinson, S. Ntwampe, M. Mewa-Ngongang, H. W. D. Plessis, B. Chidi, C.K.L.N Saulse, N. Jolly
{"title":"Cell Immobilization by Gel Entrapment in Ca-Alginate Beads for Balsamic-Styled Vinegar Production","authors":"U. Hutchinson, S. Ntwampe, M. Mewa-Ngongang, H. W. D. Plessis, B. Chidi, C.K.L.N Saulse, N. Jolly","doi":"10.17758/EARES4.EAP1118214","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.17758/EARES4.EAP1118214","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":8495,"journal":{"name":"ASETH-18,ACABES-18 & EBHSSS-18 Nov. 19-20 2018 Cape Town (South Africa)","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-11-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"90784677","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2018-11-19DOI: 10.17758/eares4.eap1118256
{"title":"Production of Low (C1 to C3) and High Carbon Content (C4+) Alcohols Under Aerobic Conditions Using Total Reducing Sugar from Mixed Agro-Waste","authors":"","doi":"10.17758/eares4.eap1118256","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.17758/eares4.eap1118256","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":8495,"journal":{"name":"ASETH-18,ACABES-18 & EBHSSS-18 Nov. 19-20 2018 Cape Town (South Africa)","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-11-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"82047170","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2018-11-19DOI: 10.17758/eares4.eap1118217
R. Uwaoma, C. Strydom, R. Matjie, J. Bunt
The direct liquefaction of South African coal fines and their density separated (float) fractions were carried out under moderate conditions in a laboratory autoclave. The liquefaction temperature ranged between 380 and 420 oC, using tetralin as a solvent and an initial nitrogen gas pressure of 3 MPa. Results from the liquefaction tests showed that the carbon conversion and oil yields were high for the float fractions when compared to the coal fines. Waterberg and Highveld coal float fractions achieved a high carbon conversion of 50.7 wt % daf and 52.7 wt % daf respectively, compared with < 42 wt % daf carbon conversion for the coal fines. The effectiveness of the carbon conversion was correlated with the reactive macerals and the surface area of the individual samples. It was observed that the density separated coal fraction, which has a higher surface area, higher vitrinite content and higher reactive macerals content yielded higher extraction efficiencies. The residues and extracts obtained during the liquefaction tests were characterised using nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy, proximate and ultimate analyses. The analytical results indicated that the residue showed a slight decrease in calorific value and aliphatic components, with a lower H/C ratio and a higher ash content. Also, the results showed that using the float fractions of South African coals at a moderate liquefaction temperature could be beneficial in the production of liquid fuel.
{"title":"Direct Liquefaction of 2 South African Bituminous Coals and their Beneficiated Float Fractions","authors":"R. Uwaoma, C. Strydom, R. Matjie, J. Bunt","doi":"10.17758/eares4.eap1118217","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.17758/eares4.eap1118217","url":null,"abstract":"The direct liquefaction of South African coal fines and their density separated (float) fractions were carried out under moderate conditions in a laboratory autoclave. The liquefaction temperature ranged between 380 and 420 oC, using tetralin as a solvent and an initial nitrogen gas pressure of 3 MPa. Results from the liquefaction tests showed that the carbon conversion and oil yields were high for the float fractions when compared to the coal fines. Waterberg and Highveld coal float fractions achieved a high carbon conversion of 50.7 wt % daf and 52.7 wt % daf respectively, compared with < 42 wt % daf carbon conversion for the coal fines. The effectiveness of the carbon conversion was correlated with the reactive macerals and the surface area of the individual samples. It was observed that the density separated coal fraction, which has a higher surface area, higher vitrinite content and higher reactive macerals content yielded higher extraction efficiencies. The residues and extracts obtained during the liquefaction tests were characterised using nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy, proximate and ultimate analyses. The analytical results indicated that the residue showed a slight decrease in calorific value and aliphatic components, with a lower H/C ratio and a higher ash content. Also, the results showed that using the float fractions of South African coals at a moderate liquefaction temperature could be beneficial in the production of liquid fuel.","PeriodicalId":8495,"journal":{"name":"ASETH-18,ACABES-18 & EBHSSS-18 Nov. 19-20 2018 Cape Town (South Africa)","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-11-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"83481838","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2018-11-19DOI: 10.17758/eares4.eap1118411
{"title":"The Impact of Power Outages on Small Businesses in the City of Johannesburg","authors":"","doi":"10.17758/eares4.eap1118411","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.17758/eares4.eap1118411","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":8495,"journal":{"name":"ASETH-18,ACABES-18 & EBHSSS-18 Nov. 19-20 2018 Cape Town (South Africa)","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-11-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"85664443","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2018-11-19DOI: 10.17758/eares4.eap1118223
{"title":"Design, Characterization and In-vitro Study of Folic Acid Conjugated-Chitosan Functionalized Gold Nanoparticles for Targeted Delivery of 5-Fluorouracil in Breast Cancer","authors":"","doi":"10.17758/eares4.eap1118223","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.17758/eares4.eap1118223","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":8495,"journal":{"name":"ASETH-18,ACABES-18 & EBHSSS-18 Nov. 19-20 2018 Cape Town (South Africa)","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-11-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"90745280","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2018-11-19DOI: 10.17758/eares4.eap1118231
E. Fosso-Kankeu, Hasan Varachia, F. Waanders
Polyampholytes are charged macromolecules, which carry both acidic and basic groups. These groups dissociate, leaving ions on chains and counter ions in solution, under appropriate conditions, such as in aqueous solutions. After ionization occurs, there are positively and negatively charged groups on the polymer chain. Polyampholytes are able to absorb high dosages of anions and cations adequately and would ultimately be the best alternative for the reduction of salinity in water. In this study polyampholites with different ratio of cationic groups were synthesized and tested for the removal of sulphate
{"title":"Reduction of Salinity of Water using Acrylamide-based Polyampholyte","authors":"E. Fosso-Kankeu, Hasan Varachia, F. Waanders","doi":"10.17758/eares4.eap1118231","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.17758/eares4.eap1118231","url":null,"abstract":"Polyampholytes are charged macromolecules, which carry both acidic and basic groups. These groups dissociate, leaving ions on chains and counter ions in solution, under appropriate conditions, such as in aqueous solutions. After ionization occurs, there are positively and negatively charged groups on the polymer chain. Polyampholytes are able to absorb high dosages of anions and cations adequately and would ultimately be the best alternative for the reduction of salinity in water. In this study polyampholites with different ratio of cationic groups were synthesized and tested for the removal of sulphate","PeriodicalId":8495,"journal":{"name":"ASETH-18,ACABES-18 & EBHSSS-18 Nov. 19-20 2018 Cape Town (South Africa)","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-11-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"87572898","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2018-11-19DOI: 10.17758/eares4.eap1118444
{"title":"Extended Technological Acceptance Model for Evaluating E-Learning: The African Context (ETAM-4EEA)","authors":"","doi":"10.17758/eares4.eap1118444","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.17758/eares4.eap1118444","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":8495,"journal":{"name":"ASETH-18,ACABES-18 & EBHSSS-18 Nov. 19-20 2018 Cape Town (South Africa)","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-11-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"85790927","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2018-11-19DOI: 10.17758/eares4.eap1118210
E. E. Mbu, S. Ntwampe, K. Nyembwe, E. Fosso-Kankeu, D. Dodoo‐Arhin
{"title":"Photocatalytic Degradation of AZO Dye and Rhodamine Dyes Using Copper (II) Oxide Nanoparticles","authors":"E. E. Mbu, S. Ntwampe, K. Nyembwe, E. Fosso-Kankeu, D. Dodoo‐Arhin","doi":"10.17758/eares4.eap1118210","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.17758/eares4.eap1118210","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":8495,"journal":{"name":"ASETH-18,ACABES-18 & EBHSSS-18 Nov. 19-20 2018 Cape Town (South Africa)","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-11-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"85717138","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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