Pub Date : 2017-04-01DOI: 10.3923/AJCS.2017.118.124
M. Simarmata, M. Barchia, S. Simatupang
Background and Objective: Sorghum is one of the cereal crops that can be used for food and feed. It has a wide adaptability and tolerant to environmental stress. The objective of this study was to introduce sorghum cultivation at dry land in coastal areas. Materials and Methods: Experiment was conducted in Bengkulu, Indonesia, from May-December, 2016. Sorghum varieties and organic soil amendments were evaluated in field experiment conducted in a split plot design with 3 replications. Sorghum varieties as main plots consisted of var. B-100, Kawali, Samurai and Super-2, while organic soil amendments as sub plots consisted of composted empty fruit bunch of palm oil (EFB), composted wedelia (Wedelia trilobata), chicken and cow manures. Physical and chemical properties of soil were analyzed before and after the experiments. Data of growth and yield parameters of sorghum were subjected to two-way analysis of variance and means of significant differences were separated by the least significant difference test at 5% level. Results: Initial soil analysis showed the pH, C-organic and electrical conductivity (EC) were 5.05, 1.48%, 8.01 dS mG1, respectively. Chemical and physical properties of soil improved after one season treated with of organic soil amendments. Significant interaction of sorghum varieties and organic soil amendments was observed on plant height, number of leaves, yield and length of panicles. Composted EFB, Wedelia, chicken and cow manures increased sorghum yield of var. B-100 by 16.58, 13.51, 8.25 and 13.67%, respectively. Soil amendments of composted chicken and cow manures increased dry biomass weight by 25.44 and 21.12%, respectively. The heaviest 1000 seeds were produced by var. B-100, while the heaviest dry biomass was produced by var. Super-2. Conclusion: It was concluded that sorghum has a potential to be developed for seed and for biomass production at dry land of coastal areas after their retrieval by local organic soil amendments.
{"title":"Prospect for Growing Sorghum (Sorghum bicolor L. Moench) at Marginal Dry Land in Coastal Area Retrieved with Organic Soil Amendments","authors":"M. Simarmata, M. Barchia, S. Simatupang","doi":"10.3923/AJCS.2017.118.124","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3923/AJCS.2017.118.124","url":null,"abstract":"Background and Objective: Sorghum is one of the cereal crops that can be used for food and feed. It has a wide adaptability and tolerant to environmental stress. The objective of this study was to introduce sorghum cultivation at dry land in coastal areas. \u0000Materials and Methods: Experiment was conducted in Bengkulu, Indonesia, from May-December, 2016. Sorghum varieties and organic soil amendments were evaluated in field experiment conducted in a split plot design with 3 replications. Sorghum varieties as main plots consisted of var. B-100, Kawali, Samurai and Super-2, while organic soil amendments as sub plots consisted of composted empty fruit bunch of palm oil (EFB), composted wedelia (Wedelia trilobata), chicken and cow manures. Physical and chemical properties of soil were analyzed before and after the experiments. Data of growth and yield parameters of sorghum were subjected to two-way analysis of variance and means of significant differences were separated by the least significant difference test at 5% level. \u0000Results: Initial soil analysis showed the pH, C-organic and electrical conductivity (EC) were 5.05, 1.48%, 8.01 dS mG1, respectively. Chemical and physical properties of soil improved after one season treated with of organic soil amendments. Significant interaction of sorghum varieties and organic soil amendments was observed on plant height, number of leaves, yield and length of panicles. Composted EFB, Wedelia, chicken and cow manures increased sorghum yield of var. B-100 by 16.58, 13.51, 8.25 and 13.67%, respectively. Soil amendments of composted chicken and cow manures increased dry biomass weight by 25.44 and 21.12%, respectively. The heaviest 1000 seeds were produced by var. B-100, while the heaviest dry biomass was produced by var. Super-2. Conclusion: It was concluded that sorghum has a potential to be developed for seed and for biomass production at dry land of coastal areas after their retrieval by local organic soil amendments.","PeriodicalId":8504,"journal":{"name":"Asian Journal of Crop Science","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"84088246","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2017-04-01DOI: 10.3923/AJCS.2017.159.166
Lai Lai, M. Ismail, F. Muharam, M. M. Yusof, R. Ismail, N. Jaafar
Background and Objectives: Nitrogen (N) fertilizer management with other soil amendments is crucial for optimal growth and productivity of grain crops. There has been increasing interest on converting rice straw to biochar and examining its use as a soil amendment. This study was conducted to evaluate the effects of different nitrogen fertilizer managements combined with rice straw derived biochar on rice growth and yield attributes. Materials and Methods: This greenhouse pot study was performed in a randomized complete block design with 4 replications. Treatments comprised of 150 kg ha–1 N fertilizer as a control (T1), 9 t ha–1 rice straw biochar added to 30, 60, 90, 120 and 150 kg N ha –1 (T2, T3,T4, T5 and T6, respectively). Growth measurement was carried out at week 2, 6 and 10 after transplanting, while yield attributes were obtained upon harvesting at 110 days. The effects of N and biochar treatments data were analysed using two-way analysis of variance (ANOVA) in PROC ANOVA in SAS Ver. 9.4 while treatments means differences were compared using least significant difference (LSD), both at p<0.05. Results: Treatment 5 (120 kg N ha–1 with biochar) was able to promote more plant growth and yield attributes than the other treatments, especially in plant height, leaf area, relative chlorophyll content and tiller number. Increased yield over the control treatment was found similar to 90 and 120 kg N ha–1 with biochar, reducing fertilization up to 40% and resulted in 20% grain yield improvement compared to the control. Therefore, rice straw biochar addition at 9 t ha–1 with 90-120 kg N ha–1 can be recommended for sustainable rice productivity and improvement of rice yield and farmers’ profits. Conclusion: The use of biochar in addition to the chemical fertilizers in rice production systems is an economically feasible and practical nutrient management practice.
背景与目的:氮肥管理与其他土壤改良剂对粮食作物的最佳生长和生产力至关重要。人们对将稻草转化为生物炭并研究其作为土壤改良剂的用途越来越感兴趣。本试验旨在评价不同氮肥处理配以秸秆生物炭对水稻生长和产量性状的影响。材料和方法:采用完全随机区组设计，共4个重复。以150 kg hm -1氮肥作为对照(T1)， 9 t hm -1秸秆生物炭分别添加30、60、90、120和150 kg N hm -1 (T2、T3、T4、T5和T6)。在移栽后第2周、第6周和第10周进行生长测量，在第110天收获时获得产量属性。N和生物炭处理对数据的影响采用SAS Ver. 9.4的PROC方差分析(ANOVA)进行分析，处理均值差异采用最小显著差异(LSD)进行比较，p<0.05。结果:处理5 (120 kg N hm - 1加生物炭)对植株生长和产量性状的促进作用强于其他处理，尤其是在株高、叶面积、相对叶绿素含量和分蘖数方面。与对照处理相比，生物炭处理的增产效果与90和120 kg N hm - 1相似，减少了40%的施肥，使籽粒产量比对照提高了20%。因此，水稻秸秆生物炭添加量为9 t hm -1，氮含量为90 ~ 120 kg hm -1，可促进水稻可持续生产，提高水稻产量和农民效益。结论:在水稻生产系统中，生物炭加化肥是一种经济可行、实用的养分管理方法。
{"title":"Effects of rice straw biochar and nitrogen fertilizer on rice growth and yield","authors":"Lai Lai, M. Ismail, F. Muharam, M. M. Yusof, R. Ismail, N. Jaafar","doi":"10.3923/AJCS.2017.159.166","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3923/AJCS.2017.159.166","url":null,"abstract":"Background and Objectives: Nitrogen (N) fertilizer management with other soil amendments is crucial for optimal growth and productivity of grain crops. There has been increasing interest on converting rice straw to biochar and examining its use as a soil amendment. This study was conducted to evaluate the effects of different nitrogen fertilizer managements combined with rice straw derived biochar on rice growth and yield attributes. Materials and Methods: This greenhouse pot study was performed in a randomized complete block design with 4 replications. Treatments comprised of 150 kg ha–1 N fertilizer as a control (T1), 9 t ha–1 rice straw biochar added to 30, 60, 90, 120 and 150 kg N ha –1 (T2, T3,T4, T5 and T6, respectively). Growth measurement was carried out at week 2, 6 and 10 after transplanting, while yield attributes were obtained upon harvesting at 110 days. The effects of N and biochar treatments data were analysed using two-way analysis of variance (ANOVA) in PROC ANOVA in SAS Ver. 9.4 while treatments means differences were compared using least significant difference (LSD), both at p<0.05. Results: Treatment 5 (120 kg N ha–1 with biochar) was able to promote more plant growth and yield attributes than the other treatments, especially in plant height, leaf area, relative chlorophyll content and tiller number. Increased yield over the control treatment was found similar to 90 and 120 kg N ha–1 with biochar, reducing fertilization up to 40% and resulted in 20% grain yield improvement compared to the control. Therefore, rice straw biochar addition at 9 t ha–1 with 90-120 kg N ha–1 can be recommended for sustainable rice productivity and improvement of rice yield and farmers’ profits. Conclusion: The use of biochar in addition to the chemical fertilizers in rice production systems is an economically feasible and practical nutrient management practice.","PeriodicalId":8504,"journal":{"name":"Asian Journal of Crop Science","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"83546299","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2017-04-01DOI: 10.3923/AJCS.2017.125.132
A. Anshary, M. Basir-Cyio, U. Hasanah, Mahfudz, S. Saleh, N. Edy, Flora Pasaru
{"title":"Applications of Biological Agents and Pruning Effectively Control Cocoa Pod Borer","authors":"A. Anshary, M. Basir-Cyio, U. Hasanah, Mahfudz, S. Saleh, N. Edy, Flora Pasaru","doi":"10.3923/AJCS.2017.125.132","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3923/AJCS.2017.125.132","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":8504,"journal":{"name":"Asian Journal of Crop Science","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"89725451","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
A. B. El-Nashart, S. El-Nwehy, A. Rezk, O. M. Ibrahim
{"title":"Improving Seed and Oil Yield of Sunflower Grown in Calcareous Soil Under Saline Stress Conditions","authors":"A. B. El-Nashart, S. El-Nwehy, A. Rezk, O. M. Ibrahim","doi":"10.3923/AJCS.2017.35.39","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3923/AJCS.2017.35.39","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":8504,"journal":{"name":"Asian Journal of Crop Science","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-03-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"77101709","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Citric Acid Affects Melissa officinalis L. Essential Oil Under Saline Soil","authors":"Aisha Ahmed, I. Talaat, K. Khalid","doi":"10.3923/ajcs.2017.40.49","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3923/ajcs.2017.40.49","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":8504,"journal":{"name":"Asian Journal of Crop Science","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-03-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"91346008","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
D. Shahwar, M. Ansari, Sana Chaudhary, Rumana Aslam
{"title":"Evaluation of Yield Attributing Variants Developed Through Ethyl Methane Sulphonate in an Important Proteinaceous Crop-Vicia faba","authors":"D. Shahwar, M. Ansari, Sana Chaudhary, Rumana Aslam","doi":"10.3923/AJCS.2017.20.27","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3923/AJCS.2017.20.27","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":8504,"journal":{"name":"Asian Journal of Crop Science","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-03-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"90037785","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Efficacy of Oxyfluorfen Herbicide for Weed Control In Broccoli (Brassica oleracea L. var. italica)","authors":"E. Widaryanto, Fadhilah Roviyanti","doi":"10.3923/AJCS.2017.28.34","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3923/AJCS.2017.28.34","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":8504,"journal":{"name":"Asian Journal of Crop Science","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-03-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"82371958","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
A. Moss, Nilly Ahmed Hassan Abdelfatta, S. Mohafrash
{"title":"Nanoemulsion of Camphor (Eucalyptus globulus) Essential Oil, Formulation, Characterization and Insecticidal Activity against Wheat Weevil, Sitophilus granarius","authors":"A. Moss, Nilly Ahmed Hassan Abdelfatta, S. Mohafrash","doi":"10.3923/AJCS.2017.50.62","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3923/AJCS.2017.50.62","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":8504,"journal":{"name":"Asian Journal of Crop Science","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"84702067","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
P. Suryanto, Tohari, Endang Sulistyani, E. Putra, Dody Kastono, T. Alam
{"title":"Estimation of Critical Period for Weed Control in Soybean on Agro-forestry System with Kayu Putih","authors":"P. Suryanto, Tohari, Endang Sulistyani, E. Putra, Dody Kastono, T. Alam","doi":"10.3923/AJCS.2017.82.91","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3923/AJCS.2017.82.91","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":8504,"journal":{"name":"Asian Journal of Crop Science","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"74343512","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Ojo Emem, Ajiboye Abiodun, Fawibe Oluwasegun, O. Bello, A. Tolulope, Akinloye Oluwaseyi, D. Agboola
Background and Objective: A comparative study was carried out on the effect of phytohormone on seed germination, seedling vigour and the phytochemical content of three cucurbits, which are Cucumis melo (L.), Lagenaria breviflora (Benth) and Citrullus lanatus (Thunb). Phytochemical analysis of air-dried, powdered epicarp, mesocarp and seeds of the mature fruits were carried out, also the effects of varying concentrations of indole acetic acid (IAA), naphthal ene acetic acid (NAA) and gibberellic acid (GA 3) on germination and seedling vigour of these 3 cucurbits were investigated. The study is designed to obtain the inhibitory and the stimulatory effects of the 3 cucurbits used in this research. Materials and Methods: Treatments were arranged in 5 replicates and monitored for 16 days.Experiments were carried out in 9 cm petri dishes in the laboratory. Data were subjected to two-way analysis of variance (ANOVA) at p<0.05. Means were compared using LSD. Results: The study revealed that the mean percentage germination and seedling vigour of Cucumis melo(C. melo) was significantly higher (p<0 .05) in the control than in 100-500 ppm concentrations of GA 3, IAA and NAA.Phenol was not detected in the epicarp and mesocarp of C. lanatus and seeds of L. breviflora. However, concentrations of phenol detected in the different parts of C. melo and Lagenaria breviflora( L. breviflora) (epicarp, mesocarp and seed) were not significantly different.The concentrations of the phytochemicals were significantly (p<0.05) different among the epicarp, mesocarp and seeds of the cucurb its except for alkaloid. However, concentrations of phenol detected in the different parts of C. melo and L. breviflora were not significantly different(p>0.05). Tannin was not detected in the epicarp, mesocarp and seeds of the three cucurbits. Flavonoid was also significantly higher (p<0.05) in the epicarp of C. melo and L. breviflora than in their mesocarp and seeds. Conclusion: Conclusively, 0effects of varying concentrations of IAA, NAA and GA 3 was not significant on the parameters studied. Phytochemicals were detected in the epicarp,mesocarp and seeds of the cucurbits under investigation. This study revealed the phytochemical contents and the effects of hormones on the germination of seeds including the vitality of the seed produced.
{"title":"Effects of Phytohormone on Seed Germination, Seedling Vigourand the Phytochemical Contents of Three Cucurbits","authors":"Ojo Emem, Ajiboye Abiodun, Fawibe Oluwasegun, O. Bello, A. Tolulope, Akinloye Oluwaseyi, D. Agboola","doi":"10.3923/AJCS.2017.63.70","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3923/AJCS.2017.63.70","url":null,"abstract":"Background and Objective: \u0000 A comparative study was carried out on the effect of phytohormone on seed germination, seedling vigour \u0000and the phytochemical content of three cucurbits, which are \u0000Cucumis melo (L.), Lagenaria breviflora (Benth) and \u0000Citrullus lanatus (Thunb). Phytochemical analysis of air-dried, powdered epicarp, mesocarp and seeds of the mature fruits were carried out, also the effects of varying concentrations of indole acetic acid (IAA), naphthal \u0000ene acetic acid (NAA) and gibberellic acid (GA 3) on germination and seedling vigour of these 3 cucurbits were investigated. The study is designed to obtain the inhibitory and the stimulatory effects of the 3 cucurbits used in this research. \u0000Materials and Methods: \u0000 Treatments were arranged in 5 replicates and monitored for 16 days.Experiments were carried out in 9 cm petri dishes in the laboratory. Data were subjected to two-way analysis of variance (ANOVA) at p<0.05. Means were compared using LSD. \u0000Results: \u0000 The study revealed that the mean percentage germination and seedling vigour \u0000of Cucumis melo(C. melo) was significantly higher (p<0 \u0000.05) in the control than in 100-500 ppm concentrations of GA 3, IAA and NAA.Phenol was not detected in the epicarp and mesocarp of C. lanatus and seeds of \u0000L. breviflora. However, concentrations of phenol detected \u0000in the different parts of C. melo and Lagenaria breviflora( \u0000L. breviflora) (epicarp, mesocarp and seed) were not significantly different.The concentrations of the phytochemicals were significantly (p<0.05) different among the epicarp, mesocarp and seeds of the cucurb its except \u0000for alkaloid. However, concentrations of phenol detected in the different parts of C. melo and L. breviflora were not significantly different(p>0.05). Tannin was not detected in the epicarp, mesocarp and seeds of the three cucurbits. Flavonoid was also significantly higher (p<0.05) in the epicarp of C. melo and L. breviflora than in their mesocarp and seeds. \u0000Conclusion: \u0000Conclusively, 0effects of varying concentrations of IAA, NAA and GA 3 was not significant on the parameters studied. Phytochemicals were detected in the epicarp,mesocarp and seeds of the cucurbits under investigation. This study revealed the phytochemical contents and the effects of hormones on the germination of seeds including the vitality of the seed produced.","PeriodicalId":8504,"journal":{"name":"Asian Journal of Crop Science","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"73299622","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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