Seibutsu kankyo chosetsu. [Environment control in biology最新文献

英文中文

Cadmium Hyperaccumulator Potential of the Edible Cactus Nopalea cochenillifera 食用仙人掌镉超蓄积电位的研究

Seibutsu kankyo chosetsu. [Environment control in biology

Pub Date : 2022-10-01 DOI: 10.2525/ecb.60.205

T. Horibe, Ryouta Teranobu

引用次数: 0

Frequency Characteristics of AE Caused by Bubble Motion in Plant's Vessels 植物容器内气泡运动引起声发射的频率特征

Seibutsu kankyo chosetsu. [Environment control in biology

Pub Date : 2022-07-01 DOI: 10.2525/ecb.60.161

Y. Shimamoto, Tetsuya Suzuki

引用次数: 0

Production of Doubled Haploid through Anther Culture of the Male-Fertile Lines in the CMS System of Eggplant with the Cytoplasm of Solanum grandifolium 茄子细胞质雄性不育系花药培养产生双单倍体

Seibutsu kankyo chosetsu. [Environment control in biology

Pub Date : 2022-07-01 DOI: 10.2525/ecb.60.187

Md. Mizanur Rahim Khan, Takumi Matsuyama, I. Nakamura, K. Ureshino, Takashi Arita, Masaki Iwayoshi, Y. Ogura‐Tsujita, S. Isshiki

引用次数: 0

Dry Matter Production and Light Use Efficiency at Different Developmental Stages of Japanese Cucumber 日本黄瓜不同发育阶段干物质产量及光能利用效率

Seibutsu kankyo chosetsu. [Environment control in biology

Pub Date : 2022-07-01 DOI: 10.2525/ecb.60.181

K. Maeda, Kako Nomura, D. Ahn

引用次数: 0

Optimized Excess-Green Image Binarization for Accurate Estimation of Lettuce Seedling Leaf-Area in a Plant Factory 植物工厂莴苣幼苗叶面积优化过绿图像二值化

Seibutsu kankyo chosetsu. [Environment control in biology

Pub Date : 2022-07-01 DOI: 10.2525/ecb.60.153

Takaho Ueno, Shogo Nagano, S. Moriyuki, Taiki Hayashi, H. Fukuda

引用次数: 0

Effects of Time Variation of Light Intensity on the Growth of the Leaf Lettuce “Greenwave” 光强时间变化对绿波叶莴苣生长的影响

Seibutsu kankyo chosetsu. [Environment control in biology

Pub Date : 2022-07-01 DOI: 10.2525/ecb.60.171

Kaito Masuda, Tomoya Ui, H. Nakashima, J. Miyasaka, K. Ohdoi

引用次数: 0

Effects of Nutrient Solution Electrical Conductivity and pH on the Productivity of the Medicinal Plant Pinellia ternata Breit. 营养液电导率和pH值对药用植物三叶草生产力的影响。

Seibutsu kankyo chosetsu. [Environment control in biology

Pub Date : 2022-04-01 DOI: 10.2525/ecb.60.149

T. Eguchi, Hiroyuki Tanaka, S. Yoshida, Ken Matsuoka

The electrical conductivity (EC) and pH of nutrient solutions appear to affect the growth of some crops (e. g., Wu et al., 2004; Dewir et al., 2005; Samarakoon et al., 2006; Zhao et al., 2013; Singh et al., 2019). With regard to environmental effects, we already have shown that the medicinal plant Pinellia ternata Breit. is affected by the hydraulic conditions surrounding the corm (Eguchi et al., 2014), and the temperature surrounding the plant (Eguchi et al., 2016, 2019, 2020). In this study, we examined the effects of the nutrient conditions, EC, and pH on the yield and the quality of P. ternata.

营养液的电导率（EC）和pH值似乎会影响一些作物的生长（例如，Wu等人，2004年；Dewir等人，2005年；Samarakon等人，2006年；赵等人，2013年；Singh等人，2019年）。关于对环境的影响，我们已经证明了药用植物菠萝。受球茎周围的水力条件（Eguchi等人，2014）和植物周围的温度（Eguchie等人，201620192020）的影响。在本研究中，我们考察了营养条件、EC和pH对P.ternata产量和质量的影响。

引用次数: 1

Morphological Changes Associated with Bruising in Strawberry Fruit Surface and Internal Tissues 草莓果实表面和内部组织损伤后的形态学变化

Seibutsu kankyo chosetsu. [Environment control in biology

Pub Date : 2022-04-01 DOI: 10.2525/ecb.60.137

Minori Hikawa-Endo

Strawberry (Fragaria ananassa Duch.) is among the most widely consumed fruits worldwide. The soft and juicy texture of ripe strawberries is highly favored by a wide range of consumers. Despite significant improvements in packaging and transport, deterioration of strawberry fruit quality during distribution remains a major problem (Tatara et al., 1999). The fruit is subject to bruising from its own weight as well as external forces, such as contact with other fruits and packages. Fruit bruising is a serious problem, as it cannot be efficiently detected using common color machine vision systems (Nagata et al., 2006), resulting in consumer complaints and economic losses. The segregation of bruised fruits from non-bruised fruits can be both laborand time-intensive. Therefore, effective preventing fruit bruising is essential for improving economic benefits and reducing labor requirements for the distribution of strawberries. However, the precise mechanism of bruising in strawberries is poorly understood. The location and the morphological structure of the bruise in strawberries are controversial. Previous studies showed that firmness enhancement of the fruit surface by pre-cooling and cold chain processing cannot adequately prevent bruise occurrence but considerably reduces the occurrence of scratches (Ootake and Tanaka, 1988). Accordingly, internal tissues are speculated to be the primary site of bruising, whereas the skin surface is thought to be that of scratching in strawberries. Cell rupture and juice release have been observed in bruised apple (Holt and Schoorl, 1977; Ingle and Hyde, 1968), which has also been predicted in bruised strawberry fruit (Holt and Schoorl, 1982). However, the results of previous studies and precise mechanism of bruising in strawberries remain inconclusive, as most did not directly examine the skin and flesh of the bruised fruit in detail. Because the skin of strawberry fruit is very thin and fragile, it may become bruised with or without external force to the internal tissues. In addition, tensile tests showed that strawberry cells can be isolated without fracturing (Harker et al., 2000), suggesting that flesh or pith cells are less likely to rupture. It is important to directly determine whether morphological changes in the fruit skin, flesh, and pith are associated with bruising. Determining the mechanism of bruising will contribute to the development of strawberry breeding, cultivation, and post-harvest techniques. If the skin over the bruised internal tissue is not transformed, the role of skin firmness may be less important in bruising. In addition, if bruised tissue cells are not ruptured, then the robustness of tissue cells does not need to be increased further in strawberry breeding or cultivation. Another study showed that the generation of wound volatile compounds, which play an important role in plant–fungus interactions, is related to the morphological structure of fruit skin (Myung et al., 2006). This impl

草莓(Fragaria ananassa Duch.)是世界上消费最广泛的水果之一。成熟草莓柔软多汁的质地深受广大消费者的喜爱。尽管在包装和运输方面有了重大改进，但草莓在分销过程中的质量恶化仍然是一个主要问题(Tatara et al.， 1999)。水果容易受到自身重量和外力(如与其他水果和包装接触)的擦伤。水果瘀伤是一个严重的问题，因为使用普通的颜色机器视觉系统无法有效地检测到它(Nagata et al.， 2006)，导致消费者投诉和经济损失。将有损伤的果实与没有损伤的果实分离既费时又费力。因此，有效防止果实擦伤对于提高草莓的经济效益和减少劳动力需求至关重要。然而，人们对草莓瘀伤的确切机制知之甚少。草莓瘀伤的位置和形态结构是有争议的。先前的研究表明，通过预冷和冷链加工增强水果表面的硬度不能充分防止擦伤的发生，但可以大大减少划痕的发生(Ootake和Tanaka, 1988)。因此，内部组织被推测为瘀伤的主要部位，而草莓的皮肤表面被认为是划伤的部位。在受伤的苹果中观察到细胞破裂和汁液释放(Holt and Schoorl, 1977;Ingle and Hyde, 1968)，这也被预测在草莓果实瘀伤(Holt and Schoorl, 1982)。然而，以往的研究结果和草莓瘀伤的确切机制仍然没有定论，因为大多数研究没有直接详细检查瘀伤水果的皮肤和果肉。由于草莓果实的表皮很薄，很脆弱，内部组织受到外力或不受外力的影响，都有可能被擦伤。此外，拉伸试验表明，草莓细胞可以分离而不破裂(Harker et al.， 2000)，这表明果肉或髓细胞不太可能破裂。直接确定果皮、果肉和髓的形态变化是否与瘀伤有关是很重要的。研究草莓青伤的发生机制有助于草莓育种、栽培和收获后技术的发展。如果瘀伤的内部组织上的皮肤没有变形，皮肤紧致度的作用可能在瘀伤中不那么重要。此外，如果擦伤的组织细胞没有破裂，则在草莓育种或栽培中不需要进一步增加组织细胞的健壮性。另一项研究表明，在植物与真菌相互作用中起重要作用的伤口挥发性化合物的产生与果皮的形态结构有关(Myung et al.， 2006)。这意味着水果表面三维结构的变化与微生物附着、感染和去除有关(Liao and Sapers, 2000;Wang et al.， 2009)。因此，对覆盖在损伤组织上的果皮进行形态学评估，对于确定是否可以大量使用杀菌剂来栽培损伤果实具有重要意义。采用激光共聚焦扫描显微技术，对不同力学性能草莓损伤果实的表皮及其他组织的形态结构进行了研究。观测太阳是困难的

{"title":"Morphological Changes Associated with Bruising in Strawberry Fruit Surface and Internal Tissues","authors":"Minori Hikawa-Endo","doi":"10.2525/ecb.60.137","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2525/ecb.60.137","url":null,"abstract":"Strawberry (Fragaria ananassa Duch.) is among the most widely consumed fruits worldwide. The soft and juicy texture of ripe strawberries is highly favored by a wide range of consumers. Despite significant improvements in packaging and transport, deterioration of strawberry fruit quality during distribution remains a major problem (Tatara et al., 1999). The fruit is subject to bruising from its own weight as well as external forces, such as contact with other fruits and packages. Fruit bruising is a serious problem, as it cannot be efficiently detected using common color machine vision systems (Nagata et al., 2006), resulting in consumer complaints and economic losses. The segregation of bruised fruits from non-bruised fruits can be both laborand time-intensive. Therefore, effective preventing fruit bruising is essential for improving economic benefits and reducing labor requirements for the distribution of strawberries. However, the precise mechanism of bruising in strawberries is poorly understood. The location and the morphological structure of the bruise in strawberries are controversial. Previous studies showed that firmness enhancement of the fruit surface by pre-cooling and cold chain processing cannot adequately prevent bruise occurrence but considerably reduces the occurrence of scratches (Ootake and Tanaka, 1988). Accordingly, internal tissues are speculated to be the primary site of bruising, whereas the skin surface is thought to be that of scratching in strawberries. Cell rupture and juice release have been observed in bruised apple (Holt and Schoorl, 1977; Ingle and Hyde, 1968), which has also been predicted in bruised strawberry fruit (Holt and Schoorl, 1982). However, the results of previous studies and precise mechanism of bruising in strawberries remain inconclusive, as most did not directly examine the skin and flesh of the bruised fruit in detail. Because the skin of strawberry fruit is very thin and fragile, it may become bruised with or without external force to the internal tissues. In addition, tensile tests showed that strawberry cells can be isolated without fracturing (Harker et al., 2000), suggesting that flesh or pith cells are less likely to rupture. It is important to directly determine whether morphological changes in the fruit skin, flesh, and pith are associated with bruising. Determining the mechanism of bruising will contribute to the development of strawberry breeding, cultivation, and post-harvest techniques. If the skin over the bruised internal tissue is not transformed, the role of skin firmness may be less important in bruising. In addition, if bruised tissue cells are not ruptured, then the robustness of tissue cells does not need to be increased further in strawberry breeding or cultivation. Another study showed that the generation of wound volatile compounds, which play an important role in plant–fungus interactions, is related to the morphological structure of fruit skin (Myung et al., 2006). This impl","PeriodicalId":85505,"journal":{"name":"Seibutsu kankyo chosetsu. [Environment control in biology","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45106405","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Influence of Monochromatic Light Irradiation as Pre-rooting Treatment on Rooting of Cuttings in Spray-type Chrysanthemums 单色光预生根处理对喷雾型菊花扦插生根的影响

Seibutsu kankyo chosetsu. [Environment control in biology

Pub Date : 2022-04-01 DOI: 10.2525/ecb.60.143

T. Kumazaki, Yuya Yamada, Yoji Fujita, Kai Li

Vegetative propagation through cuttings is a common way of reproduction in chrysanthemums. There are two main ways to grow chrysanthemums commercially in Japan. One is to transplant the unrooted cuttings in a propagation bed or soil block, to root the cuttings, and to transplant rooted cuttings in the field (rooted cutting cultivation). The other is to plant the unrooted cuttings directly in the field (direct cutting cultivation). Since the process of rooting cuttings can be omitted in the direct cutting cultivation, labor time can be greatly reduced compared to rooted cutting cultivation (Shigeki et al., 2006). To produce chrysanthemums stably around the year in Japan, it is necessary to transplant them even in hot summer. It was found that rooting of chrysanthemum cuttings initiated more quickly at a temperature of 30°C, but it required over 7 days to initiate rooting (Dykeman, 1976; Ooishi et al., 1978; Takahashi et al., 1981). Especially in direct cutting cultivation in summer with high temperature and high solar irradiation, leaf wilting and rot of cuttings are frequently observed from transplanting to establishment (Sasaki et al., 1996; Nishio and Fukuda, 1998). Therefore, in direct cutting cultivation, it is necessary to root the cuttings as quickly as possible after transplanting, and to establish those. Pre-rooting treatments that promote the rooting of the cuttings had been studied to reduce the period from transplanting to establishment in direct cutting cultivation. Some studies showed the duration, temperature, and light conditions of pre-rooting treatments, as well as the concentration and soaking time of rooting promoters (Nishio and Fukuda, 1998; Yonekura et al., 1999). Nishio and Fukuda (1998) have reported that light as a pre-rooting treatment has little effect on the formation of root primordia. Meanwhile, Yamamura’s research group has improved the previous treatment conditions to a pre-rooting treatment that can be practiced by growers. Namely, the whole cutting is soaked in a 40 mg g 1 of indole-3-butyric acid (IBA) solution for 10 s and then irradiated with light at 300 lx for 24 h at 20°C for 7 d. Additionally, Yamamura et al. (2006) have developed a system that can treat under these conditions. In this system, a fluorescent lamp has been used as a light source to irradiate more than 300 lx near the shoot apices of the cuttings. However, in the previous study, the mechanism of rooting promotion by light irradiation remains to be clarified. Recently, light-emitting diodes (LEDs) have been practically developed as an alternative light source for horticultural lighting to fluorescent and high-pressure sodium lamps. LED lighting has several advantages compared to existing horticultural lighting, including the ability to reduce electrical energy consumption, the ability to produce high light levels with low radiant heat output when cooled properly, and the ability to maintain a useful light output for years without replacement (

插枝无性繁殖是菊花的一种常见繁殖方式。在日本，商业种植菊花主要有两种方式。一种是将无根的插枝移栽在繁殖床或土块上，将插枝生根，将有根的插枝移栽在田间(插根栽培)。另一种是将未生根的插枝直接在田间种植(直接扦插栽培)。由于直接扦插栽培省去了扦插生根的过程，因此与扦插扦插栽培相比，可以大大减少劳动时间(Shigeki et al.， 2006)。在日本，要想一年四季稳定地种植菊花，即使在炎热的夏天也要进行移栽。在30℃的温度下，菊花插枝生根速度更快，但需要7天以上才能生根(Dykeman, 1976;Ooishi et al.， 1978;Takahashi等人，1981)。特别是在高温、高日照的夏季直接扦插栽培中，从移栽到成树，经常观察到叶片萎蔫和插枝腐烂(Sasaki et al.， 1996;西尾和福田，1998)。因此，在直接扦插栽培中，插秧后要尽快生根，并使扦插生根。在扦插栽培中，研究了促进扦插生根的生根前处理，以缩短扦插栽植期。一些研究显示了生根前处理的持续时间、温度和光照条件，以及生根促进剂的浓度和浸泡时间(Nishio and Fukuda, 1998;Yonekura et al.， 1999)。Nishio和Fukuda(1998)报道了光作为根前处理对根原基形成的影响很小。与此同时，Yamamura的研究小组已经将之前的处理条件改进为可以由种植者实践的生根前处理。也就是说，将整个切割体在40 mg g / 1的吲哚-3-丁酸(IBA)溶液中浸泡10秒，然后在300 lx的光下在20°C下照射24小时，持续7天。此外，Yamamura等人(2006)开发了一种可以在这些条件下进行处理的系统。在该系统中，使用荧光灯作为光源照射插枝茎尖附近超过300 lx的光线。然而，在以往的研究中，光照射促进生根的机制尚不清楚。近年来，发光二极管(led)作为一种替代荧光灯和高压钠灯的园艺照明光源已经得到了实际的发展。与现有的园艺照明相比，LED照明有几个优点，包括减少电能消耗的能力，在适当冷却时以低辐射热输出产生高光水平的能力，以及保持有用的光输出多年而无需更换的能力(Morrow, 2008;戴维斯和伯恩斯，2016)。由于LED照明还可以控制光谱组成，用窄光谱光照射，光质量对生长的影响不大

{"title":"Influence of Monochromatic Light Irradiation as Pre-rooting Treatment on Rooting of Cuttings in Spray-type Chrysanthemums","authors":"T. Kumazaki, Yuya Yamada, Yoji Fujita, Kai Li","doi":"10.2525/ecb.60.143","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2525/ecb.60.143","url":null,"abstract":"Vegetative propagation through cuttings is a common way of reproduction in chrysanthemums. There are two main ways to grow chrysanthemums commercially in Japan. One is to transplant the unrooted cuttings in a propagation bed or soil block, to root the cuttings, and to transplant rooted cuttings in the field (rooted cutting cultivation). The other is to plant the unrooted cuttings directly in the field (direct cutting cultivation). Since the process of rooting cuttings can be omitted in the direct cutting cultivation, labor time can be greatly reduced compared to rooted cutting cultivation (Shigeki et al., 2006). To produce chrysanthemums stably around the year in Japan, it is necessary to transplant them even in hot summer. It was found that rooting of chrysanthemum cuttings initiated more quickly at a temperature of 30°C, but it required over 7 days to initiate rooting (Dykeman, 1976; Ooishi et al., 1978; Takahashi et al., 1981). Especially in direct cutting cultivation in summer with high temperature and high solar irradiation, leaf wilting and rot of cuttings are frequently observed from transplanting to establishment (Sasaki et al., 1996; Nishio and Fukuda, 1998). Therefore, in direct cutting cultivation, it is necessary to root the cuttings as quickly as possible after transplanting, and to establish those. Pre-rooting treatments that promote the rooting of the cuttings had been studied to reduce the period from transplanting to establishment in direct cutting cultivation. Some studies showed the duration, temperature, and light conditions of pre-rooting treatments, as well as the concentration and soaking time of rooting promoters (Nishio and Fukuda, 1998; Yonekura et al., 1999). Nishio and Fukuda (1998) have reported that light as a pre-rooting treatment has little effect on the formation of root primordia. Meanwhile, Yamamura’s research group has improved the previous treatment conditions to a pre-rooting treatment that can be practiced by growers. Namely, the whole cutting is soaked in a 40 mg g 1 of indole-3-butyric acid (IBA) solution for 10 s and then irradiated with light at 300 lx for 24 h at 20°C for 7 d. Additionally, Yamamura et al. (2006) have developed a system that can treat under these conditions. In this system, a fluorescent lamp has been used as a light source to irradiate more than 300 lx near the shoot apices of the cuttings. However, in the previous study, the mechanism of rooting promotion by light irradiation remains to be clarified. Recently, light-emitting diodes (LEDs) have been practically developed as an alternative light source for horticultural lighting to fluorescent and high-pressure sodium lamps. LED lighting has several advantages compared to existing horticultural lighting, including the ability to reduce electrical energy consumption, the ability to produce high light levels with low radiant heat output when cooled properly, and the ability to maintain a useful light output for years without replacement (","PeriodicalId":85505,"journal":{"name":"Seibutsu kankyo chosetsu. [Environment control in biology","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43896358","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Effects of Nitrogen Fertilizer Application on Photosynthesis, Embryo and Endosperm Development of a Giant Embryo Rice Genotype 施氮对巨胚稻基因型光合作用、胚和胚乳发育的影响

Seibutsu kankyo chosetsu. [Environment control in biology

Pub Date : 2022-04-01 DOI: 10.2525/ecb.60.109

C. Pham, H. Tang, Hanh Hong Nguyen, Mitsukazu Sakata, H. Yasui, A. Yoshimura

Rice bran oil, a valuable edible oil extracted from rice bran with a content of 15–22%, is in high demand around the world because of its various health benefits (LermaGarcia et al., 2009). Rice bran consists mainly of aleurone layer and embryo fractions. Besides a high lipid content, the embryo consists of high amount of protein and vitamins leading to breeding programs trying to increase the size of the embryo. Satoh and Omura (1981), using the method of mutant egg fertilization with N-methyl-N-nitrosourea (MNU), created rice giant embryo mutants with two to three times bigger embryo size. Several genes/quantitative trait loci (QTL) controlling for the giant embryo trait have been detected on chromosome 7 (Koh et al., 1996) and chromosome 3 (Taramino et al., 2003). Recently, some giant embryo varieties have released for cultivation to produce oil and functional food in Japan (Maeda et al., 2001; Matsushita et al., 2008; Ishii et al., 2013) and South Korea (Kim et al., 1991). In a previous report, the promising mutant line “MGE13” with the giant embryo gene Os07g0603700 originating from the high-yielding rice cultivar Mizuhochikara (Miz) was developed (Sakata et al., 2016). The mutant giant embryo had still increased size at 10 days after pollination while the original cultivar had almost developed to its maximum size in the same time period (Itoh et al., 2005). Furthermore, the larger embryo size of mutant type compared to that of the original cultivar rice was found mainly by enhanced cell expansion, but was not significantly related to a larger number of cells in the scutellum (Nagasawa et al., 2013). Also, Yang et al. (2013) discovered the relationship between giant rice embryo development and shoot apical meristem (SAM) activity which is controlled by gene ge for both embryonic and post-embryonic (10 days after pollination) growth promoting plant growth parameters such as the growth rate during the vegetative stage, longer leaves, more tillers, and an increased 1,000-grain weight. Furthermore, embryo development was observed in balance with endosperm development (An et al., 2020). The regulation of endosperm development was related to the auxin and abscisic acid signaling pathways from the embryo (Yi et al., 2016; Zheng et al., 2019), in contrast, the embryo development regulated by the apoplastic nutrient pathway including sugar flow from the endosperm which is mainly a photosynthetic product (Du et al., 2018). Higher nitrogen fertilizer applications have been shown to increase photosynthesis, dry matter accumulation, and grain yield in rice plants (Pham et al., 2003; Tang et al., 2008; Nguyen et al., 2019). Additional nitrogen fertilizer at the time of heading caused the increase of physiological parameters including photosynthesis and amino acid synthesis but reduced the cellulose content in the endosperms (Midorikawa et al., 2014) as well as was involved in chalky tissue formation, C and N metabolism, and the regulation of ribosomal pro

米糠油是一种从米糠中提取的有价值的食用油，其含量为15-22%，由于其对健康的各种益处，在世界各地的需求量很大（LermaGarcia等人，2009）。米糠主要由糊粉层和胚部分组成。除了高脂质含量外，胚胎还含有大量的蛋白质和维生素，这导致了育种计划试图增加胚胎的大小。Satoh和Omura（1981）使用N-甲基-N-亚硝脲（MNU）的突变卵受精方法，创造了胚胎大小大两到三倍的水稻巨胚突变体。在第7号染色体（Koh等人，1996）和第3号染色体（Taramino等人，2003）上检测到了控制巨胚性状的几个基因/数量性状基因座（QTL）。最近，日本（Maeda et al.，2001；Matsushita et al.，2008；Ishii et al.，2013）和韩国（Kim et al.，1991）已经释放了一些巨型胚胎品种进行培育，以生产油脂和功能性食品。在之前的一份报告中，开发了一个有前景的突变系“MGE13”，该突变系具有源自高产水稻品种Mizuhochikara（Miz）的巨胚基因Os07g0603700（Sakata等人，2016）。授粉后10天，突变体巨胚的大小仍然增加，而原始品种在同一时间段内几乎发育到了最大大小（Itoh等人，2005）。此外，与原始品种水稻相比，突变型水稻的胚胎大小更大，主要是通过增强细胞扩增发现的，但与盾壳中的大量细胞没有显著关系（Nagasawa等人，2013）。此外，杨等人（2013）发现了巨型水稻胚胎发育与茎尖分生组织（SAM）活性之间的关系，该活性受胚胎和胚后（授粉后10天）生长促进植物生长参数的基因ge控制，如营养期的生长速率、更长的叶片、更多的分蘖和增加的1000粒重。此外，观察到胚胎发育与胚乳发育平衡（An等人，2020）。胚乳发育的调节与来自胚胎的生长素和脱落酸信号通路有关（Yi et al.，2016；郑等人，2019），相反，胚发育受质外营养通路的调节，包括来自胚乳的糖流，这主要是一种光合产物（Du等人，2018）。施用更高的氮肥已被证明可以增加水稻植物的光合作用、干物质积累和粮食产量（Pham等人，2003；唐等人，2008年；Nguyen等人，2019）。抽穗期额外的氮肥增加了包括光合作用和氨基酸合成在内的生理参数，但降低了胚乳中的纤维素含量（Midorikawa et al.，2014），并参与了垩白组织的形成、C和N代谢以及核糖体蛋白的调节（Lin et al.，2017）。

{"title":"Effects of Nitrogen Fertilizer Application on Photosynthesis, Embryo and Endosperm Development of a Giant Embryo Rice Genotype","authors":"C. Pham, H. Tang, Hanh Hong Nguyen, Mitsukazu Sakata, H. Yasui, A. Yoshimura","doi":"10.2525/ecb.60.109","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2525/ecb.60.109","url":null,"abstract":"Rice bran oil, a valuable edible oil extracted from rice bran with a content of 15–22%, is in high demand around the world because of its various health benefits (LermaGarcia et al., 2009). Rice bran consists mainly of aleurone layer and embryo fractions. Besides a high lipid content, the embryo consists of high amount of protein and vitamins leading to breeding programs trying to increase the size of the embryo. Satoh and Omura (1981), using the method of mutant egg fertilization with N-methyl-N-nitrosourea (MNU), created rice giant embryo mutants with two to three times bigger embryo size. Several genes/quantitative trait loci (QTL) controlling for the giant embryo trait have been detected on chromosome 7 (Koh et al., 1996) and chromosome 3 (Taramino et al., 2003). Recently, some giant embryo varieties have released for cultivation to produce oil and functional food in Japan (Maeda et al., 2001; Matsushita et al., 2008; Ishii et al., 2013) and South Korea (Kim et al., 1991). In a previous report, the promising mutant line “MGE13” with the giant embryo gene Os07g0603700 originating from the high-yielding rice cultivar Mizuhochikara (Miz) was developed (Sakata et al., 2016). The mutant giant embryo had still increased size at 10 days after pollination while the original cultivar had almost developed to its maximum size in the same time period (Itoh et al., 2005). Furthermore, the larger embryo size of mutant type compared to that of the original cultivar rice was found mainly by enhanced cell expansion, but was not significantly related to a larger number of cells in the scutellum (Nagasawa et al., 2013). Also, Yang et al. (2013) discovered the relationship between giant rice embryo development and shoot apical meristem (SAM) activity which is controlled by gene ge for both embryonic and post-embryonic (10 days after pollination) growth promoting plant growth parameters such as the growth rate during the vegetative stage, longer leaves, more tillers, and an increased 1,000-grain weight. Furthermore, embryo development was observed in balance with endosperm development (An et al., 2020). The regulation of endosperm development was related to the auxin and abscisic acid signaling pathways from the embryo (Yi et al., 2016; Zheng et al., 2019), in contrast, the embryo development regulated by the apoplastic nutrient pathway including sugar flow from the endosperm which is mainly a photosynthetic product (Du et al., 2018). Higher nitrogen fertilizer applications have been shown to increase photosynthesis, dry matter accumulation, and grain yield in rice plants (Pham et al., 2003; Tang et al., 2008; Nguyen et al., 2019). Additional nitrogen fertilizer at the time of heading caused the increase of physiological parameters including photosynthesis and amino acid synthesis but reduced the cellulose content in the endosperms (Midorikawa et al., 2014) as well as was involved in chalky tissue formation, C and N metabolism, and the regulation of ribosomal pro","PeriodicalId":85505,"journal":{"name":"Seibutsu kankyo chosetsu. [Environment control in biology","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44124311","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

首页上一页

下一页尾页

类型

全部化学•材料生命科学医学物理工程技术环境•农林材料科学地球科学法学管理学化学环境科学与生态学计算机科学教育学经济学农林科学人文科学生物学数学物理与天体物理心理学综合性期刊其他工业工程理学历史学农学文学信息工程

数据库

全部 ACS Publications Elsevier ieeexplore Springer The Royal Society of Chemistry Wiley

期刊

Seibutsu kankyo chosetsu. [Environment control in biology

全部 Acc. Chem. Res. ACS Applied Bio Materials ACS Appl. Electron. Mater. ACS Appl. Energy Mater. ACS Appl. Mater. Interfaces ACS Appl. Nano Mater. ACS Appl. Polym. Mater. ACS BIOMATER-SCI ENG ACS Catal. ACS Cent. Sci. ACS Chem. Biol. ACS Chemical Health & Safety ACS Chem. Neurosci. ACS Comb. Sci. ACS Earth Space Chem. ACS Energy Lett. ACS Infect. Dis. ACS Macro Lett. ACS Mater. Lett. ACS Med. Chem. Lett. ACS Nano ACS Omega ACS Photonics ACS Sens. ACS Sustainable Chem. Eng. ACS Synth. Biol. Anal. Chem. BIOCHEMISTRY-US Bioconjugate Chem. BIOMACROMOLECULES Chem. Res. Toxicol. Chem. Rev. Chem. Mater. CRYST GROWTH DES ENERG FUEL Environ. Sci. Technol. Environ. Sci. Technol. Lett. Eur. J. Inorg. Chem. IND ENG CHEM RES Inorg. Chem. J. Agric. Food. Chem. J. Chem. Eng. Data J. Chem. Educ. J. Chem. Inf. Model. J. Chem. Theory Comput. J. Med. Chem. J. Nat. Prod. J PROTEOME RES J. Am. Chem. Soc. LANGMUIR MACROMOLECULES Mol. Pharmaceutics Nano Lett. Org. Lett. ORG PROCESS RES DEV ORGANOMETALLICS J. Org. Chem. J. Phys. Chem. J. Phys. Chem. A J. Phys. Chem. B J. Phys. Chem. C J. Phys. Chem. Lett. Analyst Anal. Methods Biomater. Sci. Catal. Sci. Technol. Chem. Commun. Chem. Soc. Rev. CHEM EDUC RES PRACT CRYSTENGCOMM Dalton Trans. Energy Environ. Sci. ENVIRON SCI-NANO ENVIRON SCI-PROC IMP ENVIRON SCI-WAT RES Faraday Discuss. Food Funct. Green Chem. Inorg. Chem. Front. Integr. Biol. J. Anal. At. Spectrom. J. Mater. Chem. A J. Mater. Chem. B J. Mater. Chem. C Lab Chip Mater. Chem. Front. Mater. Horiz. MEDCHEMCOMM Metallomics Mol. Biosyst. Mol. Syst. Des. Eng. Nanoscale Nanoscale Horiz. Nat. Prod. Rep. New J. Chem. Org. Biomol. Chem. Org. Chem. Front. PHOTOCH PHOTOBIO SCI PCCP Polym. Chem.

﹀