Worldwide, liquid effluents are generally discharged into the environment untreated, which, in turn, are affecting humans, animals and plants. Preserving our environment is a priority, especially with the emergence of epidemics in recent years. As a part of our investigation, we aim to treat the wastewater of the Ouargla region by enhancing the adsorption capacity of local clay collected from El-Oued (Elmghaier, south of Algeria) using thermo-chemical activation for the removal of organic pollutants. The clay used was (illite, kaolinite, and quartz 62.0%, 27.0% and 11.1%, respectively). The experiments proved the efficiency of enhancing the adsorption capacity of local clay by thermo-chemical activation in the treatment of urban wastewater to determine the efficiency by the following characteristics: chemical oxygen demand, biochemical oxygen demand, total suspended solids, and turbidity, respectively. Acid-activated clay with sulphuric acid achieved high efficiency on polluted water purification at the ideal concentration (0.75 N) and an adsorption rate of (80.16%, 90.74%, 93.33% and 90.74%), while the result decreased in the optimal concentration of acid activated clay HCl (0.134 N) and the adsorption rate was 73%, 60.92%, 94.31% and 65.57%. The thermal activation effect of the clay studied under optimal temperature conditions (400°C) shows that the adsorption ratio increased with higher temperatures (82%, 65%, 89.56% and 78.65%).
{"title":"Wastewater Treatment by Improving the Local Clay Capacity with Chemical and Thermal Activation","authors":"Nourelhouda Babaami, Ammar Zobeidi, Louiza Zenkheri, Souheyla Boudjema, Ghania Ben Azia, Ahlem Benhania","doi":"10.3233/ajw230079","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3233/ajw230079","url":null,"abstract":"Worldwide, liquid effluents are generally discharged into the environment untreated, which, in turn, are affecting humans, animals and plants. Preserving our environment is a priority, especially with the emergence of epidemics in recent years. As a part of our investigation, we aim to treat the wastewater of the Ouargla region by enhancing the adsorption capacity of local clay collected from El-Oued (Elmghaier, south of Algeria) using thermo-chemical activation for the removal of organic pollutants. The clay used was (illite, kaolinite, and quartz 62.0%, 27.0% and 11.1%, respectively). The experiments proved the efficiency of enhancing the adsorption capacity of local clay by thermo-chemical activation in the treatment of urban wastewater to determine the efficiency by the following characteristics: chemical oxygen demand, biochemical oxygen demand, total suspended solids, and turbidity, respectively. Acid-activated clay with sulphuric acid achieved high efficiency on polluted water purification at the ideal concentration (0.75 N) and an adsorption rate of (80.16%, 90.74%, 93.33% and 90.74%), while the result decreased in the optimal concentration of acid activated clay HCl (0.134 N) and the adsorption rate was 73%, 60.92%, 94.31% and 65.57%. The thermal activation effect of the clay studied under optimal temperature conditions (400°C) shows that the adsorption ratio increased with higher temperatures (82%, 65%, 89.56% and 78.65%).","PeriodicalId":8553,"journal":{"name":"Asian Journal of Water, Environment and Pollution","volume":"15 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.5,"publicationDate":"2023-11-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139232438","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
In this research, a new low-cost material was synthesised multi carbon nanotube/Zinc oxide nanocomposite (MWCNT/ZnO), nanocomposite used as a sorbent for dye removal from industrial Water treatment, as like cationic model Maxillon blue (GRL) dye in order to find the adsorption mechanism of adsorption methods were studied via FESEM, TEM, and BET. Two models of Freundlich and Langmuir isotherm were studied, and according to the data, it was established that it conforms to the isotherm Freundlich estimation on the value of R2 > 0.9798. The reactivation and re-use of (MWCNT/ZnO) nanocomposite were performed by using water in the GRL dye up to Cycle 5 under the best conditions. After the 3 cycles of using (MWCNT/ZnO) nanocomposite, the efficiency is still significant (>80%) and it appears that the (MWCNT/ZnO) nanocomposite is a probable re-newable absorber, moreover, the effect of ionic strength increases the solubility of the GRL dye in aqueous medium. Thus, when salt is added, the aqueous solution decreases the removal percentage. Also, a comparison among several surfaces (ZnONPs, MWCNT, MWCNT/ZnO), found MWCNT/ZnO nanocomposite the best surfaces to remove GRL dye.
{"title":"Enhanced High Activity for Removal and Adsorption Process of Cationic Dye by Using Active Nanocomposite Surface: Reactivation and Isotherm Models","authors":"Aseel M. Aljeboree, A. Alkaim","doi":"10.3233/ajw230076","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3233/ajw230076","url":null,"abstract":"In this research, a new low-cost material was synthesised multi carbon nanotube/Zinc oxide nanocomposite (MWCNT/ZnO), nanocomposite used as a sorbent for dye removal from industrial Water treatment, as like cationic model Maxillon blue (GRL) dye in order to find the adsorption mechanism of adsorption methods were studied via FESEM, TEM, and BET. Two models of Freundlich and Langmuir isotherm were studied, and according to the data, it was established that it conforms to the isotherm Freundlich estimation on the value of R2 > 0.9798. The reactivation and re-use of (MWCNT/ZnO) nanocomposite were performed by using water in the GRL dye up to Cycle 5 under the best conditions. After the 3 cycles of using (MWCNT/ZnO) nanocomposite, the efficiency is still significant (>80%) and it appears that the (MWCNT/ZnO) nanocomposite is a probable re-newable absorber, moreover, the effect of ionic strength increases the solubility of the GRL dye in aqueous medium. Thus, when salt is added, the aqueous solution decreases the removal percentage. Also, a comparison among several surfaces (ZnONPs, MWCNT, MWCNT/ZnO), found MWCNT/ZnO nanocomposite the best surfaces to remove GRL dye.","PeriodicalId":8553,"journal":{"name":"Asian Journal of Water, Environment and Pollution","volume":"30 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.5,"publicationDate":"2023-11-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139230771","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Hemalatha Manivannan, B. L. Anguraj, G. Venkatesan
The sulphonated magnetic carbonaceous catalyst (Fe3O4@AC-SO3H) was effectively synthesised by functionalising the sulphonic acid group (–SO3H) on the surface of the core-shell structure of magnetic nanoparticle grafted activated carbon and analysed by SEM, XRD, and FT-IR. The As-prepared catalyst may aggressively hydrolyse biomass to sugar in a shorter reaction time. Hydrolysis factors such as catalyst dose, reaction temperature, and duration all had a significant impact on the hydrolysis of pomegranate peel waste. The catalyst could liberate 46% of TRS in 2 hours at 140°C from acid-pretreated pomegranate peel waste. This catalyst can be easily regenerated using a magnet and reused for up to three cycles with improved stability.
{"title":"Hydrolysis of Fruit Waste to Reduce Sugars Using Sulphonated Magnetic Carbonaceous Catalyst","authors":"Hemalatha Manivannan, B. L. Anguraj, G. Venkatesan","doi":"10.3233/ajw230078","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3233/ajw230078","url":null,"abstract":"The sulphonated magnetic carbonaceous catalyst (Fe3O4@AC-SO3H) was effectively synthesised by functionalising the sulphonic acid group (–SO3H) on the surface of the core-shell structure of magnetic nanoparticle grafted activated carbon and analysed by SEM, XRD, and FT-IR. The As-prepared catalyst may aggressively hydrolyse biomass to sugar in a shorter reaction time. Hydrolysis factors such as catalyst dose, reaction temperature, and duration all had a significant impact on the hydrolysis of pomegranate peel waste. The catalyst could liberate 46% of TRS in 2 hours at 140°C from acid-pretreated pomegranate peel waste. This catalyst can be easily regenerated using a magnet and reused for up to three cycles with improved stability.","PeriodicalId":8553,"journal":{"name":"Asian Journal of Water, Environment and Pollution","volume":"2 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.5,"publicationDate":"2023-11-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139232660","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Forest fires are a regular occurrence throughout the year with an increasing intensity in the summer and fall periods. Forest fires pose a significant threat to ecosystems, property and human lives. Early detection and rapid response are critical to mitigate the devastating effects of these fires. This article presents a Long Range (LoRa) Alert Network System designed for the early prediction and timely notification of forest fires. The system leverages LoRa technology to create a robust and cost-effective wireless communication network in remote forested areas. These fires primarily stem from various natural and environmental phenomena and natural disasters. The timely dissemination of forest fire alerts was hampered, resulting in delays in fire management. In order to address this issue, efforts were made to enhance the capability for prompt forest fire detection. The challenges predominantly revolve around forested regions where data communication infrastructure is deficient. In the event of a forest fire, there exists a network barrier that impedes information transmission. Consequently, forest fire detection systems leveraging Mesh LoRa networks and image processing networks have been devised. An integrated module within the LoRa/GPS HAT has been explored as a potential solution to the fire predicament. The Flame Sensor Module, functioning as a fire detection sensor component, and the LoRa/GPS HAT, serving as a hardware medium for radio frequency data transmission communication, have been employed. The interconnection of these devices within a network facilitates the development of a prototype fire detection system. Combining a Flame Sensor Module with a LoRa/GPS HAT is indeed a viable approach to creating a prototype fire detection and alert system. By combining the Flame Sensor Module with the LoRa/GPS HAT, a scalable and cost-effective fire detection and alert system appropriate for distant and wooded locations with limited traditional communication infrastructure is created. This system can play a crucial role in early fire detection, potentially reducing the severity of forest fires and protecting both natural resources and human lives.
森林火灾一年四季经常发生，夏秋两季的强度不断增加。森林火灾对生态系统、财产和人类生命构成重大威胁。早期探测和快速反应对于减轻火灾的破坏性影响至关重要。本文介绍的远程（LoRa）警报网络系统旨在对森林火灾进行早期预测和及时通知。该系统利用 LoRa 技术在偏远林区创建了一个强大且经济高效的无线通信网络。这些火灾主要源于各种自然和环境现象以及自然灾害。森林火灾警报的及时发布受到阻碍，导致火灾管理延误。为了解决这一问题，我们努力提高及时发现森林火灾的能力。挑战主要围绕数据通信基础设施不足的森林地区。一旦发生森林火灾，网络障碍就会阻碍信息传输。因此，人们设计了利用网状 LoRa 网络和图像处理网络的森林火灾探测系统。LoRa/GPS HAT 中的一个集成模块被视为解决火灾困境的潜在方案。火焰传感器模块是火灾探测传感器组件，LoRa/GPS HAT 是射频数据传输通信的硬件媒介。这些设备在网络中的相互连接促进了火灾探测系统原型的开发。将火焰传感器模块与 LoRa/GPS HAT 相结合的确是创建原型火灾探测和警报系统的可行方法。通过将火焰传感器模块与 LoRa/GPS HAT 相结合，可以创建一个可扩展且经济高效的火灾探测和警报系统，适用于传统通信基础设施有限的偏远地区和林区。该系统可在早期火灾探测中发挥关键作用，有可能降低森林火灾的严重程度，保护自然资源和人类生命。
{"title":"Long Range (LoRa) and Alert Network System for Forest Fire Prediction","authors":"S. Kavitha, K. Kanchana, G. Venkatesan","doi":"10.3233/ajw230080","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3233/ajw230080","url":null,"abstract":"Forest fires are a regular occurrence throughout the year with an increasing intensity in the summer and fall periods. Forest fires pose a significant threat to ecosystems, property and human lives. Early detection and rapid response are critical to mitigate the devastating effects of these fires. This article presents a Long Range (LoRa) Alert Network System designed for the early prediction and timely notification of forest fires. The system leverages LoRa technology to create a robust and cost-effective wireless communication network in remote forested areas. These fires primarily stem from various natural and environmental phenomena and natural disasters. The timely dissemination of forest fire alerts was hampered, resulting in delays in fire management. In order to address this issue, efforts were made to enhance the capability for prompt forest fire detection. The challenges predominantly revolve around forested regions where data communication infrastructure is deficient. In the event of a forest fire, there exists a network barrier that impedes information transmission. Consequently, forest fire detection systems leveraging Mesh LoRa networks and image processing networks have been devised. An integrated module within the LoRa/GPS HAT has been explored as a potential solution to the fire predicament. The Flame Sensor Module, functioning as a fire detection sensor component, and the LoRa/GPS HAT, serving as a hardware medium for radio frequency data transmission communication, have been employed. The interconnection of these devices within a network facilitates the development of a prototype fire detection system. Combining a Flame Sensor Module with a LoRa/GPS HAT is indeed a viable approach to creating a prototype fire detection and alert system. By combining the Flame Sensor Module with the LoRa/GPS HAT, a scalable and cost-effective fire detection and alert system appropriate for distant and wooded locations with limited traditional communication infrastructure is created. This system can play a crucial role in early fire detection, potentially reducing the severity of forest fires and protecting both natural resources and human lives.","PeriodicalId":8553,"journal":{"name":"Asian Journal of Water, Environment and Pollution","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.5,"publicationDate":"2023-11-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139227943","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Sumant Shekhar, Manoj Chandra Garg, V. Verma, Tanu Jindal
This research presents a comprehensive analysis of municipal solid waste (MSW) composition and characteristics from four landfill sites in Delhi, India. The study reveals that the moisture content in the MSW from all sites was below 40%, impacting leachate formation and microbial activities. Varied compositions were observed among the sites, with the Okhla landfill having higher paper and plastic content, while the Ghazipur landfill exhibited elevated wood content. Recycling emerges as a crucial focus, with approximately 36.5% of the waste comprising reusable materials like plastic and paper. Composting, particularly vermicomposting, proves to be a promising waste disposal method due to the substantial organic content (approximately 75%) in the MSW. These findings hold significant implications for waste management policies in Delhi, encouraging sustainable practices and effective waste treatment strategies for a greener future.
{"title":"Characterising and Analysing the Composition and Characteristics of Municipal Solid Waste (MSW) in Delhi, India","authors":"Sumant Shekhar, Manoj Chandra Garg, V. Verma, Tanu Jindal","doi":"10.3233/ajw230083","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3233/ajw230083","url":null,"abstract":"This research presents a comprehensive analysis of municipal solid waste (MSW) composition and characteristics from four landfill sites in Delhi, India. The study reveals that the moisture content in the MSW from all sites was below 40%, impacting leachate formation and microbial activities. Varied compositions were observed among the sites, with the Okhla landfill having higher paper and plastic content, while the Ghazipur landfill exhibited elevated wood content. Recycling emerges as a crucial focus, with approximately 36.5% of the waste comprising reusable materials like plastic and paper. Composting, particularly vermicomposting, proves to be a promising waste disposal method due to the substantial organic content (approximately 75%) in the MSW. These findings hold significant implications for waste management policies in Delhi, encouraging sustainable practices and effective waste treatment strategies for a greener future.","PeriodicalId":8553,"journal":{"name":"Asian Journal of Water, Environment and Pollution","volume":"26 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.5,"publicationDate":"2023-11-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139232321","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
In the present study, groundwater samples were analysed to determine the suitability of groundwater for drinking use in Chikkaballapura taluk (CBT) in 2019. The tests were conducted on the groundwater twice a year, during the pre-monsoon and post-monsoon seasons. The results of 12 physico chemical parameters were used for the calculation of the water quality index (WQI). ArcGIS was used in the study to plot the spatial variation of chloride, nitrate, and fluoride. In urban areas, WQI ranged from 42.94 to 204 during the pre-monsoon season and from 62.67 to 153.93 during the post-monsoon season. Similarly, in rural areas, WQI ranged from 47.78 to 245.98 during the pre-monsoon season and from 35.92 to 405.63 during the post-monsoon season. The results of the WQI show that most samples fall into poor water categories according to the quality rating scale. Also, the results revealed that both in Chikkaballapura rural (CBR) and Chikkaballapura urban (CBU), most of the groundwater samples exceeded the drinking water quality limits during the pre-monsoon season when compared to the post-monsoon season. High levels of fluoride were found in Thippanahalli, Doddapailagurki, Poshettihalli, Kuppahalli, Mandikal and Ajjivara grama panchayaths and a significantly high concentration of nitrate was found in Addagallu and Manchanabele grama panchayaths during the pre-monsoon season in CBR. It was suggested that constant monitoring of groundwater quality in contaminated areas be carried out to prevent further deterioration and related problems and that rainwater harvesting practices be encouraged to help reduce the load on urban and rural water supply systems.
{"title":"Evaluation of Groundwater Suitability for Drinking Purposes Using GIS and WQI in Chikkaballapura Taluk, Karnataka, India","authors":"Sridhara Malur Krishnappa, Sadashivaiah Channabasavaiah, Kiran Dasalukunte Ananda","doi":"10.3233/ajw230075","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3233/ajw230075","url":null,"abstract":"In the present study, groundwater samples were analysed to determine the suitability of groundwater for drinking use in Chikkaballapura taluk (CBT) in 2019. The tests were conducted on the groundwater twice a year, during the pre-monsoon and post-monsoon seasons. The results of 12 physico chemical parameters were used for the calculation of the water quality index (WQI). ArcGIS was used in the study to plot the spatial variation of chloride, nitrate, and fluoride. In urban areas, WQI ranged from 42.94 to 204 during the pre-monsoon season and from 62.67 to 153.93 during the post-monsoon season. Similarly, in rural areas, WQI ranged from 47.78 to 245.98 during the pre-monsoon season and from 35.92 to 405.63 during the post-monsoon season. The results of the WQI show that most samples fall into poor water categories according to the quality rating scale. Also, the results revealed that both in Chikkaballapura rural (CBR) and Chikkaballapura urban (CBU), most of the groundwater samples exceeded the drinking water quality limits during the pre-monsoon season when compared to the post-monsoon season. High levels of fluoride were found in Thippanahalli, Doddapailagurki, Poshettihalli, Kuppahalli, Mandikal and Ajjivara grama panchayaths and a significantly high concentration of nitrate was found in Addagallu and Manchanabele grama panchayaths during the pre-monsoon season in CBR. It was suggested that constant monitoring of groundwater quality in contaminated areas be carried out to prevent further deterioration and related problems and that rainwater harvesting practices be encouraged to help reduce the load on urban and rural water supply systems.","PeriodicalId":8553,"journal":{"name":"Asian Journal of Water, Environment and Pollution","volume":"26 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.5,"publicationDate":"2023-11-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139231196","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
S. Baskar, K.R. Aswin Sidhaarth, L. Mangaleshwaran
The present communication investigated the sustainable utilization of the clamshell waste powder (CSP) for eliminating mercury through fixed bed adsorption. This CSP is freshly prepared and packed in a stable multi-port column. Their breakthrough performance in the column is evaluated by varying its bed depth (5, 10, 15, 20 and 25 min) and flow rate (8, 10 and 12 mL/min). The CSP column’s design parameters and kinetic behavior are estimated from its breakthrough curve and validated using column models. The results revealed that slow saturation of the CSP bed and maximum adsorption capacity (2.8 mg/g) occurred at lower column depth (5 cm) and elevated influent flow rates (12 mL/min). Moreover, the mass transfer zone exhibited fluctuations with elevated column depth, indicating the presence of non-ideal conditions. The YN model showed superior fitness for mercury removal using CSP. The dynamic studies showed that CSP is a cost-effective, eco-friendly, biocompatible and sustainable adsorbent that can be successfully employed for treating industrial effluent.
{"title":"Utilisation of Clamshell Waste for Removing Mercury From Water: Fixed Bed Adsorption and Modelling Studies","authors":"S. Baskar, K.R. Aswin Sidhaarth, L. Mangaleshwaran","doi":"10.3233/ajw230082","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3233/ajw230082","url":null,"abstract":"The present communication investigated the sustainable utilization of the clamshell waste powder (CSP) for eliminating mercury through fixed bed adsorption. This CSP is freshly prepared and packed in a stable multi-port column. Their breakthrough performance in the column is evaluated by varying its bed depth (5, 10, 15, 20 and 25 min) and flow rate (8, 10 and 12 mL/min). The CSP column’s design parameters and kinetic behavior are estimated from its breakthrough curve and validated using column models. The results revealed that slow saturation of the CSP bed and maximum adsorption capacity (2.8 mg/g) occurred at lower column depth (5 cm) and elevated influent flow rates (12 mL/min). Moreover, the mass transfer zone exhibited fluctuations with elevated column depth, indicating the presence of non-ideal conditions. The YN model showed superior fitness for mercury removal using CSP. The dynamic studies showed that CSP is a cost-effective, eco-friendly, biocompatible and sustainable adsorbent that can be successfully employed for treating industrial effluent.","PeriodicalId":8553,"journal":{"name":"Asian Journal of Water, Environment and Pollution","volume":"31 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.5,"publicationDate":"2023-11-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139229040","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The presence of heavy metals in medicinal plants (MP) is a matter of serious concern as it directly affects human health. In India, the problem is especially significant since the country is a major consumer as well as exporter of medicinal plant-based raw materials and products. Raw material available in the market is often reported to contain traces of heavy metals and these consequently compromise the quality of medicinal plants-based medicinal formulations. In the present study, the reports of heavy metals in MP from India were collated to ascertain the extent of the problem and highlight the source of contamination. The states with the highest number of metals above permissible limits included Chhattisgarh, Maharashtra, Delhi, Kerala, Karnataka, and Uttar Pradesh. The levels of Cd and Cr metals were found to be the highest in Rajasthan, Odisha, Pb in Kerala and Hg, As in the state of Tamil Nadu. Plants growing in areas having mining activities as well as those growing on urban landscapes such as along roadsides or areas having an inflow of industrial effluents or agricultural run-off showed higher metal content than the standard limit. The presence of metals in natural habitats such as the mangroves and low lands of the Himalayan range was also noted. The review provides an insight into the magnitude of the issue, its causes and the possible lacuna that needs to be addressed to mitigate the problem.
{"title":"Heavy Metal Contamination of Medicinal Plants in India – A Perspective","authors":"Suman Rani, Rama Sisodia","doi":"10.3233/ajw230074","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3233/ajw230074","url":null,"abstract":"The presence of heavy metals in medicinal plants (MP) is a matter of serious concern as it directly affects human health. In India, the problem is especially significant since the country is a major consumer as well as exporter of medicinal plant-based raw materials and products. Raw material available in the market is often reported to contain traces of heavy metals and these consequently compromise the quality of medicinal plants-based medicinal formulations. In the present study, the reports of heavy metals in MP from India were collated to ascertain the extent of the problem and highlight the source of contamination. The states with the highest number of metals above permissible limits included Chhattisgarh, Maharashtra, Delhi, Kerala, Karnataka, and Uttar Pradesh. The levels of Cd and Cr metals were found to be the highest in Rajasthan, Odisha, Pb in Kerala and Hg, As in the state of Tamil Nadu. Plants growing in areas having mining activities as well as those growing on urban landscapes such as along roadsides or areas having an inflow of industrial effluents or agricultural run-off showed higher metal content than the standard limit. The presence of metals in natural habitats such as the mangroves and low lands of the Himalayan range was also noted. The review provides an insight into the magnitude of the issue, its causes and the possible lacuna that needs to be addressed to mitigate the problem.","PeriodicalId":8553,"journal":{"name":"Asian Journal of Water, Environment and Pollution","volume":"15 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.5,"publicationDate":"2023-11-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139232064","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
This academic paper embraces a politically theoretical discourse to examine the research gap from Governance concepts to the water and lake frameworks. It explains and understands the idea of Lake Governance and its central constituents: the collective people, development, conservation, and the Government. Governance’s concept is entrenched, and the water and lake frameworks are complicated, making the lake’s conceptualisation challenging to grasp and comprehend fully. This article asserts that: (i) Lake Governance is more suitable as this concept is simplicity, parsimony, and essential to understand and utilise. (ii) Lake Governance’s conceptualisation should be centered on contributing the scholarly literature and more so recognised and established in the lakes’ discourse. (iii) Government is crucial, the utmost consequential in Lake Governance, where this central position interlocks the collective people in development and the lake in conservation.
{"title":"Governance Concepts, Frameworks and Lake Governance’s Conceptualisation","authors":"Bing Baltazar C. Brillo","doi":"10.3233/ajw230073","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3233/ajw230073","url":null,"abstract":"This academic paper embraces a politically theoretical discourse to examine the research gap from Governance concepts to the water and lake frameworks. It explains and understands the idea of Lake Governance and its central constituents: the collective people, development, conservation, and the Government. Governance’s concept is entrenched, and the water and lake frameworks are complicated, making the lake’s conceptualisation challenging to grasp and comprehend fully. This article asserts that: (i) Lake Governance is more suitable as this concept is simplicity, parsimony, and essential to understand and utilise. (ii) Lake Governance’s conceptualisation should be centered on contributing the scholarly literature and more so recognised and established in the lakes’ discourse. (iii) Government is crucial, the utmost consequential in Lake Governance, where this central position interlocks the collective people in development and the lake in conservation.","PeriodicalId":8553,"journal":{"name":"Asian Journal of Water, Environment and Pollution","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.5,"publicationDate":"2023-11-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139230912","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
W. S. Abdul-Majeed, S. Al-Dawery, Saada Al Shukaili, Chandramouli Thotireddy, Ibrahim Al Amri
In this study, we present our findings from examining a gas lift tower for produced and tap water de-oxygenation, applying the nitrogen purging at an ultra-fine bubble scale (18 μm average size). The experiments were conducted for produced water samples grafted with polyacrylamide concentration 300 ppm with a measured bulk viscosity of 5 mPa.s. Upon applying a series of experimental sets, 0 ppm DO was attained in all examined operational schemes (semi batch and once through) within various time limits, depending on the water level in the column. Considering the zero DO level as an objective function, the results showed an improvement of 5.7–14 folds in reaching the 0 ppm DO upon experimenting with the ultra-fine bubble purging in different schemes, compared with of the results obtained from the ordinary bubble size (mm scale). The results show that DO reached < 10 ppb within 23 minutes with nitrogen flowrate 3 L/min while DO reaching < 10 ppb within 28 minutes with nitrogen flowrate 5 L/min. Furthermore, implementing the ultra-fine bubble nitrogen purging was successful in running the de-oxygenation tower in a full continuous mode at a balanced inlet/outlet water flow rate. This has been done after reaching stability in the column operation (lasting around 1 hour for 422 L of examined water sample). The stable fine bubbles cloud in the column was quite efficient in treating water influent stream to be exited directly at 0 ppm DO within the same effluent flow rate. The treatment efficiency has shown an increase with increasing water level in the column, resulting in a denser layer/cloud of fine bubbles. This result suggests a unique approach/solution for the complete removal of DO from produced water, which is accounted effective to be adopted industrially
{"title":"Application of Ultra Fine Bubbles for Deoxygenation of Produced Water and Tap Water via Nitrogen Purging Scheme","authors":"W. S. Abdul-Majeed, S. Al-Dawery, Saada Al Shukaili, Chandramouli Thotireddy, Ibrahim Al Amri","doi":"10.3233/ajw230077","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3233/ajw230077","url":null,"abstract":"In this study, we present our findings from examining a gas lift tower for produced and tap water de-oxygenation, applying the nitrogen purging at an ultra-fine bubble scale (18 μm average size). The experiments were conducted for produced water samples grafted with polyacrylamide concentration 300 ppm with a measured bulk viscosity of 5 mPa.s. Upon applying a series of experimental sets, 0 ppm DO was attained in all examined operational schemes (semi batch and once through) within various time limits, depending on the water level in the column. Considering the zero DO level as an objective function, the results showed an improvement of 5.7–14 folds in reaching the 0 ppm DO upon experimenting with the ultra-fine bubble purging in different schemes, compared with of the results obtained from the ordinary bubble size (mm scale). The results show that DO reached < 10 ppb within 23 minutes with nitrogen flowrate 3 L/min while DO reaching < 10 ppb within 28 minutes with nitrogen flowrate 5 L/min. Furthermore, implementing the ultra-fine bubble nitrogen purging was successful in running the de-oxygenation tower in a full continuous mode at a balanced inlet/outlet water flow rate. This has been done after reaching stability in the column operation (lasting around 1 hour for 422 L of examined water sample). The stable fine bubbles cloud in the column was quite efficient in treating water influent stream to be exited directly at 0 ppm DO within the same effluent flow rate. The treatment efficiency has shown an increase with increasing water level in the column, resulting in a denser layer/cloud of fine bubbles. This result suggests a unique approach/solution for the complete removal of DO from produced water, which is accounted effective to be adopted industrially","PeriodicalId":8553,"journal":{"name":"Asian Journal of Water, Environment and Pollution","volume":"44 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.5,"publicationDate":"2023-11-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139232606","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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