The process of composting which involves the treatment of organic wastes to obtain a stable clean product, has become an increasingly desirable choice, at any scale from home to large waste treatment plants. Composting serves as an alternative to landfilling for managing biodegradable waste while also increasing or preserving soil organic matter, decreasing solid waste, and reducing disposal costs. The compost product improves the condition of the soil, reduces erosion, and helps reduce plant diseases without having adverse impacts on the environment. This study aims to manufacture high-quality compost as a solid waste management method by converting organic waste into a useful resource for the community in a financially and ecologically sustainable manner. We investigated the potential of aerobic composting by controlling the operation process parameters, including monitoring the pH value, temperature, electrical conductivity (EC), carbon-to-nitrogen ratio (C/N), and moisture content during the composting. We studied the physiochemical and biological changes of composting using a 60-liter bioreactor. The composting process determined an average pH value between 6.9 and 7.8, and it revealed a decrease in TOC from 26.18 to 22.19. Additionally, compost process monitoring indicated a maximum temperature rise of 69 °C over the first three days, and then a decrease after 20 days of air temperature. Total nitrogen in the NH4+/NO3-ratio nitrification decreased to less than 1.4, and the compost in the C/N ratio decreased from 20.75 to 10.035 and setting quality criteria by comparing the final product quality produced through the in-vessel composting.
{"title":"Aerobic Composting of Organic Waste, Alternative and an Efficient Solid Waste Management Solution","authors":"R. I. Abbas, Hussein M. Flayeh","doi":"10.3233/ajw240051","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3233/ajw240051","url":null,"abstract":"The process of composting which involves the treatment of organic wastes to obtain a stable clean product, has become an increasingly desirable choice, at any scale from home to large waste treatment plants. Composting serves as an alternative to landfilling for managing biodegradable waste while also increasing or preserving soil organic matter, decreasing solid waste, and reducing disposal costs. The compost product improves the condition of the soil, reduces erosion, and helps reduce plant diseases without having adverse impacts on the environment. This study aims to manufacture high-quality compost as a solid waste management method by converting organic waste into a useful resource for the community in a financially and ecologically sustainable manner. We investigated the potential of aerobic composting by controlling the operation process parameters, including monitoring the pH value, temperature, electrical conductivity (EC), carbon-to-nitrogen ratio (C/N), and moisture content during the composting. We studied the physiochemical and biological changes of composting using a 60-liter bioreactor. The composting process determined an average pH value between 6.9 and 7.8, and it revealed a decrease in TOC from 26.18 to 22.19. Additionally, compost process monitoring indicated a maximum temperature rise of 69 °C over the first three days, and then a decrease after 20 days of air temperature. Total nitrogen in the NH4+/NO3-ratio nitrification decreased to less than 1.4, and the compost in the C/N ratio decreased from 20.75 to 10.035 and setting quality criteria by comparing the final product quality produced through the in-vessel composting.","PeriodicalId":8553,"journal":{"name":"Asian Journal of Water, Environment and Pollution","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.4,"publicationDate":"2024-07-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141803026","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
This research delves into the intricate control mechanisms governing renewable energy sources through the application of three distinct DC-DC converter technologies: the buck, boost, and buck-boost converters. Renewable energy sources like wind and solar can be pivotal in the future and become the primary source of energy for global energy requirements. Renewable sources are pollution-free and have minimal impact on the environment. This research illuminates the efficacy of these converters in orchestrating the optimal utilization of renewable energy sources, offering valuable contributions to the advancement of sustainable power systems. Open and closed loop control of a buck converter is studied along with its operation for the voltage regulation of an emulated PV panel. For the boost converter, a comprehensive exploration ensues through two closed-loop control methods: Perturb and Observe (P&O) algorithm and the incremental conductance method. Simulations are meticulously executed in MATLAB Simulink, interfacing with PV arrays and directing power toward battery charging. Meanwhile, the buck-boost converter undergoes simulation and evaluation, fed by a DC source and delivering power to a resistive load. Experimental validation is conducted for the buck converter, providing tangible insights into real-world performance. Conventional sources, primarily coal, which is the most used source of energy in Asian countries, including India, have adverse effects on the environment. Coal contributes to a huge proportion of pollutants in the environment and also the release of large quantities of greenhouse gases. Renewable energy resources can play a huge role in addressing the energy demands of Asian countries. They hold the ability to alleviate the environmental burden caused by conventional energy sources. Renewable energy sources also mitigate pollution and eliminate various hazardous effects of conventional energy sources. This study emphasises the adoption of such sources and underscores the pivotal role of DC-DC converter technologies in this adoption.
{"title":"Operational Verification of DC-DC Converters Used in Ecologically Sound Non Polluting Renewable Systems","authors":"Raghav Pasrija, Sandeep Banerjee, K. Tharani, Tanmay Wadhera, Saumyae Joshi, Sandeep Sharma","doi":"10.3233/ajw240046","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3233/ajw240046","url":null,"abstract":"This research delves into the intricate control mechanisms governing renewable energy sources through the application of three distinct DC-DC converter technologies: the buck, boost, and buck-boost converters. Renewable energy sources like wind and solar can be pivotal in the future and become the primary source of energy for global energy requirements. Renewable sources are pollution-free and have minimal impact on the environment. This research illuminates the efficacy of these converters in orchestrating the optimal utilization of renewable energy sources, offering valuable contributions to the advancement of sustainable power systems. Open and closed loop control of a buck converter is studied along with its operation for the voltage regulation of an emulated PV panel. For the boost converter, a comprehensive exploration ensues through two closed-loop control methods: Perturb and Observe (P&O) algorithm and the incremental conductance method. Simulations are meticulously executed in MATLAB Simulink, interfacing with PV arrays and directing power toward battery charging. Meanwhile, the buck-boost converter undergoes simulation and evaluation, fed by a DC source and delivering power to a resistive load. Experimental validation is conducted for the buck converter, providing tangible insights into real-world performance. Conventional sources, primarily coal, which is the most used source of energy in Asian countries, including India, have adverse effects on the environment. Coal contributes to a huge proportion of pollutants in the environment and also the release of large quantities of greenhouse gases. Renewable energy resources can play a huge role in addressing the energy demands of Asian countries. They hold the ability to alleviate the environmental burden caused by conventional energy sources. Renewable energy sources also mitigate pollution and eliminate various hazardous effects of conventional energy sources. This study emphasises the adoption of such sources and underscores the pivotal role of DC-DC converter technologies in this adoption.","PeriodicalId":8553,"journal":{"name":"Asian Journal of Water, Environment and Pollution","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.4,"publicationDate":"2024-07-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141805200","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Nadher D. Radia, Shaimaa M. Essa, Aseel M. Aljeboree, Mohammed Abed Jawad
A new type of hybrid biopolymer nanocomposite hydrogel was created using sodium alginate and carrageenan combined with N-isopropyl acrylamide and bentonite nanoclay. The hydrogel was synthesised through free radical polymerisation. The purpose was to test its ability to remove the dye crystal violet (CV) from an aqueous solution. The structure and morphology of the synthesised nanocomposite hydrogel were analysed using Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, scanning electron microscopy, and X-ray diffraction. Key parameters affecting the efficiency of crystal violet removal were explored, including pH, initial dye concentration, contact time, and amount of adsorbent. Optimal values for each parameter were identified. The removal mechanism was highly pH-dependent, with the dye removal rate increasing when more nanoclay was added in an acidic environment. Using an initial dye concentration of 30 mg/L and 0.05 g of the nanocomposite hydrogel, the equilibrium adsorption time was 3 hours. The adsorption matched the Langmuir isotherm model and followed pseudo-second order kinetics. Overall, the nanocomposite hydrogel was an effective adsorbent for eliminating crystal violet dye from water.
{"title":"Evaluation of the Adsorption Efficiency of Biopolymer Hydrogel Nanocomposite/Nanoclay in Wastewater Dye Removal","authors":"Nadher D. Radia, Shaimaa M. Essa, Aseel M. Aljeboree, Mohammed Abed Jawad","doi":"10.3233/ajw240045","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3233/ajw240045","url":null,"abstract":"A new type of hybrid biopolymer nanocomposite hydrogel was created using sodium alginate and carrageenan combined with N-isopropyl acrylamide and bentonite nanoclay. The hydrogel was synthesised through free radical polymerisation. The purpose was to test its ability to remove the dye crystal violet (CV) from an aqueous solution. The structure and morphology of the synthesised nanocomposite hydrogel were analysed using Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, scanning electron microscopy, and X-ray diffraction. Key parameters affecting the efficiency of crystal violet removal were explored, including pH, initial dye concentration, contact time, and amount of adsorbent. Optimal values for each parameter were identified. The removal mechanism was highly pH-dependent, with the dye removal rate increasing when more nanoclay was added in an acidic environment. Using an initial dye concentration of 30 mg/L and 0.05 g of the nanocomposite hydrogel, the equilibrium adsorption time was 3 hours. The adsorption matched the Langmuir isotherm model and followed pseudo-second order kinetics. Overall, the nanocomposite hydrogel was an effective adsorbent for eliminating crystal violet dye from water.","PeriodicalId":8553,"journal":{"name":"Asian Journal of Water, Environment and Pollution","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.4,"publicationDate":"2024-07-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141802780","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
This study aims to make a quantitative prediction of the water supply and demand gap for the Indian city of Kalyan-Dombivili up to the year 2051. The study uses a decision-support tool called the Water Evaluation and Planning (WEAP) Model to consider the existing reservoir and different alterations to the current water supply system. Outcomes from this modeling study of the water resources system of the Kalyan Dombivili city indicate that with an increase in the reliability of water supply with the recycling of rainwater, the future demand-supply gap has a reliability of 47%. Secondly, with the increased reservoir capacity, water availability will be increased by 51.2%. However, with the existing reservoir alone, water availability will be increased by 49.4%, and effluent use will be up to 99% with the proposed new reservoir and Sewage Treatment Plant (STP).
{"title":"Water Supply-Demand Forecasting Using the WEAP Model for Kalyan Dombivili City","authors":"S.C. Kulkarni, Vikas Varekar","doi":"10.3233/ajw240042","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3233/ajw240042","url":null,"abstract":"This study aims to make a quantitative prediction of the water supply and demand gap for the Indian city of Kalyan-Dombivili up to the year 2051. The study uses a decision-support tool called the Water Evaluation and Planning (WEAP) Model to consider the existing reservoir and different alterations to the current water supply system. Outcomes from this modeling study of the water resources system of the Kalyan Dombivili city indicate that with an increase in the reliability of water supply with the recycling of rainwater, the future demand-supply gap has a reliability of 47%. Secondly, with the increased reservoir capacity, water availability will be increased by 51.2%. However, with the existing reservoir alone, water availability will be increased by 49.4%, and effluent use will be up to 99% with the proposed new reservoir and Sewage Treatment Plant (STP).","PeriodicalId":8553,"journal":{"name":"Asian Journal of Water, Environment and Pollution","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.4,"publicationDate":"2024-07-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141805601","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
C. Nuryanty, Etty Riani, Zaenal Abidin, S. Sutjahjo, Agung Riyadi
Mercury is still used in the amalgamation process in small-scale gold processing. This study aims to evaluate the mercury contamination of various environmental media in the artisanal small-scale gold mining (ASGM) area in the Simpenan District, Sukabumi Regency. The ecological media examined in this study included groundwater, river water, soil, sediment, biota, and plants. The threshold number was determined using APHA 3125 and Indonesian National Standard (SNI) 7387:2009. Meanwhile, the mercury concentration in the ambient air was measured directly using a mercury analyser. Mercury concentrations in the water, soil, sediment, biota, and plant matrices were calculated using a calibration curve. The study found that the levels of mercury in groundwater, river water, and sediment were all below the applicable quality standards of <0.0001, <0.0001 and 0.001 mg/L, respectively. However, the levels of mercury in soil and plants were 27.28 and 0.52 mg/kg, respectively. Additionally, the levels of mercury in four types of fish found in a river adjacent to the ASGM location, namely beunteur (0.33 mg/kg), snakehead (0.05 mg/kg), catfish (0.26 mg/kg) and eel (0.20 mg/kg), exceeded the specified quality standards. In conclusion, mercury contamination is present in the soil, plants, and aquatic biota (fish) in the ASGM area in the Simpenan District, Sukabumi Regency.
{"title":"Mercury Contamination from Artisanal Small-scale Gold Mining Activities in Simpenan District, Sukabumi Regency, West Java, Indonesia","authors":"C. Nuryanty, Etty Riani, Zaenal Abidin, S. Sutjahjo, Agung Riyadi","doi":"10.3233/ajw240049","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3233/ajw240049","url":null,"abstract":"Mercury is still used in the amalgamation process in small-scale gold processing. This study aims to evaluate the mercury contamination of various environmental media in the artisanal small-scale gold mining (ASGM) area in the Simpenan District, Sukabumi Regency. The ecological media examined in this study included groundwater, river water, soil, sediment, biota, and plants. The threshold number was determined using APHA 3125 and Indonesian National Standard (SNI) 7387:2009. Meanwhile, the mercury concentration in the ambient air was measured directly using a mercury analyser. Mercury concentrations in the water, soil, sediment, biota, and plant matrices were calculated using a calibration curve. The study found that the levels of mercury in groundwater, river water, and sediment were all below the applicable quality standards of <0.0001, <0.0001 and 0.001 mg/L, respectively. However, the levels of mercury in soil and plants were 27.28 and 0.52 mg/kg, respectively. Additionally, the levels of mercury in four types of fish found in a river adjacent to the ASGM location, namely beunteur (0.33 mg/kg), snakehead (0.05 mg/kg), catfish (0.26 mg/kg) and eel (0.20 mg/kg), exceeded the specified quality standards. In conclusion, mercury contamination is present in the soil, plants, and aquatic biota (fish) in the ASGM area in the Simpenan District, Sukabumi Regency.","PeriodicalId":8553,"journal":{"name":"Asian Journal of Water, Environment and Pollution","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.4,"publicationDate":"2024-07-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141802686","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The study used the Soil and Water Assessment Tool (SWAT) model to analyse the surface water availability in the Kathmandu Valley. The model was calibrated and validated at Khokana station of basin area 592 km2 for the period from 2000 to 2015. To test the model’s performance for smaller subbasins, it was validated at Sundarijal station of basin area 16 km2. The daily runoff simulation statistics indicated that the model’s performance was satisfactory and the model effectively captured the runoff trend for the entire basin and subbasin catchment areas. This study demonstrates that the model can be adopted for assessing stream flow within the basin by selecting appropriate parameter values. The calibrated and validated model was subsequently applied to determine the surface water availability in surrounding mountainous, forested regions less affected by urbanisation, by setting up the model at 66 watersheds. The results indicate that the upper reaches of the Bagmati River basin and its tributary, the Nakkhu River, possess substantial surface water resources that can be utilised to alleviate water stress in the valley.
{"title":"Assesement of Surface Water Availability of Kathmandu Valley Using SWAT Model","authors":"Madan Pokhrel, Narendra Shakya, Manoj Lamichhane","doi":"10.3233/ajw240041","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3233/ajw240041","url":null,"abstract":"The study used the Soil and Water Assessment Tool (SWAT) model to analyse the surface water availability in the Kathmandu Valley. The model was calibrated and validated at Khokana station of basin area 592 km2 for the period from 2000 to 2015. To test the model’s performance for smaller subbasins, it was validated at Sundarijal station of basin area 16 km2. The daily runoff simulation statistics indicated that the model’s performance was satisfactory and the model effectively captured the runoff trend for the entire basin and subbasin catchment areas. This study demonstrates that the model can be adopted for assessing stream flow within the basin by selecting appropriate parameter values. The calibrated and validated model was subsequently applied to determine the surface water availability in surrounding mountainous, forested regions less affected by urbanisation, by setting up the model at 66 watersheds. The results indicate that the upper reaches of the Bagmati River basin and its tributary, the Nakkhu River, possess substantial surface water resources that can be utilised to alleviate water stress in the valley.","PeriodicalId":8553,"journal":{"name":"Asian Journal of Water, Environment and Pollution","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.4,"publicationDate":"2024-07-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141803112","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Surekha Chukkali, Kritika Rastogi, Ayushi Agrawal, Sonakshi Nayar, Paul Raj
The environment directly influences the behaviour, experiences, and also the well-being of people. It is not only the outside environment but the indoor environmental quality (IEQ) that also affects the well-being of its residents (Arif et al., 2016). The objective of the present study is to study the relationship between Air Quality Index (AQI), Personality traits, Residential Satisfaction, and quality of life among participants living in Bengaluru, Chennai, and Delhi NCR. A total of 685 residents aged 18-65, living in Bengaluru, Chennai, and Delhi NCR for over 2 years, who responded to the call for participation were selected for the study. Data was collected through online Google forms. Correlation and regression analysis were carried out to understand the strength and direction of the relationship between study variables. SPSS AMOS was used to estimate the measurement model and capture mediation paths. The results present an exploratory model which identifies air quality index and personality traits and their contribution towards the perceptions of residential satisfaction. The study also establishes a link between residential satisfaction and quality of life, the new ecological paradigm, and the dominant social paradigm. The present study highlights the necessity to adopt a pro-environmental approach to improve the quality of life.
环境直接影响人们的行为、体验和福祉。影响居民福祉的不仅是外部环境，还有室内环境质量（IEQ）（Arif et al.）本研究旨在研究居住在班加罗尔、钦奈和德里国家首都区的参与者的空气质量指数（AQI）、性格特征、居住满意度和生活质量之间的关系。本研究共选取了 685 名年龄在 18-65 岁、在班加罗尔、钦奈和德里国家首都区居住两年以上、响应号召参与研究的居民。数据通过谷歌在线表格收集。为了解研究变量之间关系的强度和方向，我们进行了相关分析和回归分析。使用 SPSS AMOS 估算测量模型并捕捉中介路径。研究结果提出了一个探索性模型，该模型确定了空气质量指数和个性特征及其对居住满意度感知的贡献。研究还在居住满意度与生活质量、新生态范式和主流社会范式之间建立了联系。本研究强调了采用有利于环境的方法来提高生活质量的必要性。
{"title":"Air Quality Index, Personality Traits and Their Impact on the Residential Satisfaction and Quality of Life: An Exploratory Path Analysis Model","authors":"Surekha Chukkali, Kritika Rastogi, Ayushi Agrawal, Sonakshi Nayar, Paul Raj","doi":"10.3233/ajw240044","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3233/ajw240044","url":null,"abstract":"The environment directly influences the behaviour, experiences, and also the well-being of people. It is not only the outside environment but the indoor environmental quality (IEQ) that also affects the well-being of its residents (Arif et al., 2016). The objective of the present study is to study the relationship between Air Quality Index (AQI), Personality traits, Residential Satisfaction, and quality of life among participants living in Bengaluru, Chennai, and Delhi NCR. A total of 685 residents aged 18-65, living in Bengaluru, Chennai, and Delhi NCR for over 2 years, who responded to the call for participation were selected for the study. Data was collected through online Google forms. Correlation and regression analysis were carried out to understand the strength and direction of the relationship between study variables. SPSS AMOS was used to estimate the measurement model and capture mediation paths. The results present an exploratory model which identifies air quality index and personality traits and their contribution towards the perceptions of residential satisfaction. The study also establishes a link between residential satisfaction and quality of life, the new ecological paradigm, and the dominant social paradigm. The present study highlights the necessity to adopt a pro-environmental approach to improve the quality of life.","PeriodicalId":8553,"journal":{"name":"Asian Journal of Water, Environment and Pollution","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.4,"publicationDate":"2024-07-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141804221","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Cosmo City, situated in Johannesburg, Gauteng, has been experiencing sewage water overflows (SWO) for several years, and this raises concerns about the water quality of Zandspruit River. The study aimed to investigate the impacts of SWO on the Zandspruit River, and the perceptions of the community towards SWO. Water samples were collected from three sampling sites of Zandspruit River. Some water quality parameters were measured in the field using a multi-parameter water quality meter while other parameters were analyzed at a SANAS accredited laboratory. Results were compared with South African water quality guidelines and most water quality parameters were within permissible set standards. However, COD, E. coli and turbidity were above permissible set standards which indicates a highly polluted river. Furthermore, we assessed perceptions of the Cosmo City community towards SWO through questionnaires. The community ascribed the main causes of SWOs to population growth, blocked, and broken sewers. This study revealed that SWO around Cosmo City has a negative impact on the quality of river water and poses health risks. The combined evidence from both the experimental analysis and the community perception survey underscores the urgent need for effective management strategies to address the negative environmental and human health implications of SWO in the Zandspruit River. By integrating these findings and considering the broader implications of pollution on both the ecosystem and community well-being, policymakers and stakeholders can work towards implementing sustainable solutions to mitigate the risks associated with sewage water overflows.
{"title":"The Impact of Sewage Water Overflow (SWO): An Analysis of Zandspruit River in Cosmo City, Johannesburg, South Africa","authors":"T. C. Mavhungu, L.T. Mankga","doi":"10.3233/ajw240047","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3233/ajw240047","url":null,"abstract":"Cosmo City, situated in Johannesburg, Gauteng, has been experiencing sewage water overflows (SWO) for several years, and this raises concerns about the water quality of Zandspruit River. The study aimed to investigate the impacts of SWO on the Zandspruit River, and the perceptions of the community towards SWO. Water samples were collected from three sampling sites of Zandspruit River. Some water quality parameters were measured in the field using a multi-parameter water quality meter while other parameters were analyzed at a SANAS accredited laboratory. Results were compared with South African water quality guidelines and most water quality parameters were within permissible set standards. However, COD, E. coli and turbidity were above permissible set standards which indicates a highly polluted river. Furthermore, we assessed perceptions of the Cosmo City community towards SWO through questionnaires. The community ascribed the main causes of SWOs to population growth, blocked, and broken sewers. This study revealed that SWO around Cosmo City has a negative impact on the quality of river water and poses health risks. The combined evidence from both the experimental analysis and the community perception survey underscores the urgent need for effective management strategies to address the negative environmental and human health implications of SWO in the Zandspruit River. By integrating these findings and considering the broader implications of pollution on both the ecosystem and community well-being, policymakers and stakeholders can work towards implementing sustainable solutions to mitigate the risks associated with sewage water overflows.","PeriodicalId":8553,"journal":{"name":"Asian Journal of Water, Environment and Pollution","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.4,"publicationDate":"2024-07-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141805615","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Raya J. Al-Rikabi, Hanan Numan Waseen Alqaralosy, Maitham A. Sultan
Air pollutant field study and laboratory sample analyses revealed that most of the air pollutants in Fallujah City come from various human activities. These activities: Factories, Bakeries, Private electric generators, etc represent the major sources of gaseous and particulate pollutants. Those emissions have affected the air quality of the air in study areas. This research aimed to identify air pollutant concentrations, and their effects, and develop immediate solutions to reduce their health and environmental impacts. Air pollutant measurements were taken for four sites, with each site having generators and bakeries, another five sites representing industrial activities, and another site representing the residential areas. These measurements which included total suspended particles (TSP), PM10, PM2.5, nitrogen dioxide (NO2), sulphate dioxide (SO2), methane (CH4) and (CO) were conducted in the winter and summer seasons. The plaster and asphalt factories and industrial district locations recorded the highest concentrations of particle pollutants (TSP, PM10, and PM2.5) and gases (NO2, SO2, CH4, and CO). It was also observed that there was an increase in the concentrations of total suspended particles, in addition to some gases measured at the sites of bread ovens and private electric generators, especially in the summer. Most of the sites recorded values higher than the local environmental allowable limits. The high concentrations of air pollutants measured at the study sites are due to the increased demand for electrical energy and the use of private electrical generators to compensate for the lack of electrical energy emitted by high air pollutants. In addition to the emissions of cement, plaster, and asphalt factories and the large quantities of suspended particles they release into the atmosphere resulting from crushing operations and loading operations for raw materials, in addition to the polluting gases they release resulting from the use of black oil, as well as the use of black oil as fuel in the bakeries, which leads to an increase in pollutant concentrations will, therefore, negatively affect air quality.
{"title":"The Impact of Human Activities on Air Pollution in the Fallujah City, Al-Anbar Province – West Iraq","authors":"Raya J. Al-Rikabi, Hanan Numan Waseen Alqaralosy, Maitham A. Sultan","doi":"10.3233/ajw240043","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3233/ajw240043","url":null,"abstract":"Air pollutant field study and laboratory sample analyses revealed that most of the air pollutants in Fallujah City come from various human activities. These activities: Factories, Bakeries, Private electric generators, etc represent the major sources of gaseous and particulate pollutants. Those emissions have affected the air quality of the air in study areas. This research aimed to identify air pollutant concentrations, and their effects, and develop immediate solutions to reduce their health and environmental impacts. Air pollutant measurements were taken for four sites, with each site having generators and bakeries, another five sites representing industrial activities, and another site representing the residential areas. These measurements which included total suspended particles (TSP), PM10, PM2.5, nitrogen dioxide (NO2), sulphate dioxide (SO2), methane (CH4) and (CO) were conducted in the winter and summer seasons. The plaster and asphalt factories and industrial district locations recorded the highest concentrations of particle pollutants (TSP, PM10, and PM2.5) and gases (NO2, SO2, CH4, and CO). It was also observed that there was an increase in the concentrations of total suspended particles, in addition to some gases measured at the sites of bread ovens and private electric generators, especially in the summer. Most of the sites recorded values higher than the local environmental allowable limits. The high concentrations of air pollutants measured at the study sites are due to the increased demand for electrical energy and the use of private electrical generators to compensate for the lack of electrical energy emitted by high air pollutants. In addition to the emissions of cement, plaster, and asphalt factories and the large quantities of suspended particles they release into the atmosphere resulting from crushing operations and loading operations for raw materials, in addition to the polluting gases they release resulting from the use of black oil, as well as the use of black oil as fuel in the bakeries, which leads to an increase in pollutant concentrations will, therefore, negatively affect air quality.","PeriodicalId":8553,"journal":{"name":"Asian Journal of Water, Environment and Pollution","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.4,"publicationDate":"2024-07-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141806018","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
A magnetic field is a kind of therapy for plants that boosts plant health and plants immunity. I have considered rice samples and prepared those for therapy with the help of different fertilisers and soil quality is of prime concern. Plant biochemistry, structure, and photosynthetic pathway all have a major impact on radiation absorption in the photo synthetically active radiation (PAR) zone. Instruments are used to measure the effects of these traits on absorbed PAR, root and shoot length for determination of various parameters including Nitrogen nutrition index.The health of the crop depends on numerous factors including primary chlorophyll enhancement and regulation on behalf of its post-sown treatment for better yield in PB-41 and PB-06. In this paper, natural crop therapy is used which reduces the use of pesticides and urea which leads to less soil pollution and less water pollution in the agriculture sector and is environment friendly. By using this technique one can improve the nutritional values of crops. Results have been validated by MATLAB. Study reveals the investigation of the magnetization on rice before and after sowing. It shows that a magnetic field with controlled intensity is helpful to grow crops with better immunity and yield which requires less number of pesticides and less amount of urea to provide better outcomes which is environment and soil-friendly and helps the microorganisms to support productivity.
{"title":"Examining the Effects of Magneto Priming on Rice and Determination of Crop Indices from Absorption Spectrum for Ecological Yield","authors":"Preetinder Singh, Himani Goyal Sharma","doi":"10.3233/ajw240050","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3233/ajw240050","url":null,"abstract":"A magnetic field is a kind of therapy for plants that boosts plant health and plants immunity. I have considered rice samples and prepared those for therapy with the help of different fertilisers and soil quality is of prime concern. Plant biochemistry, structure, and photosynthetic pathway all have a major impact on radiation absorption in the photo synthetically active radiation (PAR) zone. Instruments are used to measure the effects of these traits on absorbed PAR, root and shoot length for determination of various parameters including Nitrogen nutrition index.The health of the crop depends on numerous factors including primary chlorophyll enhancement and regulation on behalf of its post-sown treatment for better yield in PB-41 and PB-06. In this paper, natural crop therapy is used which reduces the use of pesticides and urea which leads to less soil pollution and less water pollution in the agriculture sector and is environment friendly. By using this technique one can improve the nutritional values of crops. Results have been validated by MATLAB. Study reveals the investigation of the magnetization on rice before and after sowing. It shows that a magnetic field with controlled intensity is helpful to grow crops with better immunity and yield which requires less number of pesticides and less amount of urea to provide better outcomes which is environment and soil-friendly and helps the microorganisms to support productivity.","PeriodicalId":8553,"journal":{"name":"Asian Journal of Water, Environment and Pollution","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.4,"publicationDate":"2024-07-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141804064","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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