Pub Date : 2023-08-07DOI: 10.35118/apjmbb.2023.031.3.01
Lyudmila Zaynitdinova, Rokhila Nazarovna Juraeva, J. Tashpulatov, N. A. Lazutin, A. M. Mavjudova, Tat’yana Bronislavovna Khegay
One of the little-studied and promising ways to increase the yield of crops is the use of nanoparticles, especially of the biological origin. Recently, research has been carried out in this direction, however, there is still very little information and it is unambiguous. In this regard, the purpose of this study was to obtain silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) with use of Pseudomonas stutzeri and Bacillus sp. bacteria, which expressed high biosynthetic activity, and to determine their effect on the germination of wheat seeds. The culture liquids containing AgNPs were used to treat wheat seeds (Unumli bugdoy variety). The treated seeds were placed in Petri dishes with moistened filter paper to germinate during 7 days. The received AgNPs were characterized by UV spectroscopy and AFM. It was determined that strains of Pseudomonas stutzeri and Bacillus sp. possess the ability to synthesize oval and spherical AgNPs ranging in size from 5 to 100 nm. It was revealed that the treatment of wheat seeds with a cultural liquid containing biogenic AgNPs stimulated seeds’ germination, and also had a stimulating effect on the growth of roots and stems of plants, the accumulation of the dry matter mass of the roots and the aerial part of the seedlings.
{"title":"Microbial synthesis of silver nanoparticles and their effect of wheat seeds’ germination","authors":"Lyudmila Zaynitdinova, Rokhila Nazarovna Juraeva, J. Tashpulatov, N. A. Lazutin, A. M. Mavjudova, Tat’yana Bronislavovna Khegay","doi":"10.35118/apjmbb.2023.031.3.01","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.35118/apjmbb.2023.031.3.01","url":null,"abstract":"One of the little-studied and promising ways to increase the yield of crops is the use of nanoparticles, especially of the biological origin. Recently, research has been carried out in this direction, however, there is still very little information and it is unambiguous. In this regard, the purpose of this study was to obtain silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) with use of Pseudomonas stutzeri and Bacillus sp. bacteria, which expressed high biosynthetic activity, and to determine their effect on the germination of wheat seeds. The culture liquids containing AgNPs were used to treat wheat seeds (Unumli bugdoy variety). The treated seeds were placed in Petri dishes with moistened filter paper to germinate during 7 days. The received AgNPs were characterized by UV spectroscopy and AFM. It was determined that strains of Pseudomonas stutzeri and Bacillus sp. possess the ability to synthesize oval and spherical AgNPs ranging in size from 5 to 100 nm. It was revealed that the treatment of wheat seeds with a cultural liquid containing biogenic AgNPs stimulated seeds’ germination, and also had a stimulating effect on the growth of roots and stems of plants, the accumulation of the dry matter mass of the roots and the aerial part of the seedlings.","PeriodicalId":8566,"journal":{"name":"Asia-pacific Journal of Molecular Biology and Biotechnology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-08-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"78679061","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-08-07DOI: 10.35118/apjmbb.2023.031.3.02
Noor Abdulkareem Razouki, B. A. Ghani
Although the autograft is regarded as the gold standard bone graft, β-TCP artificial alloplastic is widely used in bone defect healing and has been accepted in human and animal studies to be resorbed and interchanged by vital bone. The active form of vitamin D3 is calcitriol, on mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) it has a direct influence on encouraging their osteogenic differentiation which is identified as osteoinductive. The need for osteoinductive ability is a demanding issue regarding medical and dental care. RUNX2 regards an essential transcriptional factor for osteoblast differentiation. Adult male New Zealand rabbits (Twenty-four) with an average weight of (1.5-2 kg) were elected in this study. Four holes were made intra-bone in both tibias of each animal. The experimental groups divide as follows: Group C: Bone defect will be left to heal naturally as control; Group TCP: Bone defect will be occupied with β-TCP. Group vitamin D3: Bone defect will be filled with vitamin D3; Group TCPD: Bone defect will be filled with a combination of β-TCP and vitamin D3. Animals sacrificed at (1 and 3 weeks). Purification of total RNA from formalin fixed paraffin embedded (FFPE), The cDNA of RUNX2 and VDR amplify in RT-PCR and detected with sybr green. One-way Analysis of Variance (ANOVA) and least significant difference (LSD) was used as a tool for statistical analysis. Results at 7 days highest mean value of mRNA RUNX2 gene expression Fold Change estimated in TCP followed by TCPD experimental group while at 21 days, the highest mean value in TCPD. All measured parameters showed highly significant differences in the course of healing periods from 7 days to 21 days. In mRNA VDR gene expression parameters showed a highly significant difference in 7days and 21 days durations among experimental groups and the highest mean value of mRNA VDR gene expression Fold Change is recorded in TCPD followed by vitamin D3 groups in both durations. These findings suggest positive inductive effects of local application of vitamin D3 combined with β-TCP as well as vitamin D3 on osteoblast cells and induced bone defect healing.
{"title":"Osteoinductive effect β-TCP and vitamin D3 on RUNX2 mRNA expression","authors":"Noor Abdulkareem Razouki, B. A. Ghani","doi":"10.35118/apjmbb.2023.031.3.02","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.35118/apjmbb.2023.031.3.02","url":null,"abstract":"Although the autograft is regarded as the gold standard bone graft, β-TCP artificial alloplastic is widely used in bone defect healing and has been accepted in human and animal studies to be resorbed and interchanged by vital bone. The active form of vitamin D3 is calcitriol, on mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) it has a direct influence on encouraging their osteogenic differentiation which is identified as osteoinductive. The need for osteoinductive ability is a demanding issue regarding medical and dental care. RUNX2 regards an essential transcriptional factor for osteoblast differentiation. Adult male New Zealand rabbits (Twenty-four) with an average weight of (1.5-2 kg) were elected in this study. Four holes were made intra-bone in both tibias of each animal. The experimental groups divide as follows: Group C: Bone defect will be left to heal naturally as control; Group TCP: Bone defect will be occupied with β-TCP. Group vitamin D3: Bone defect will be filled with vitamin D3; Group TCPD: Bone defect will be filled with a combination of β-TCP and vitamin D3. Animals sacrificed at (1 and 3 weeks). Purification of total RNA from formalin fixed paraffin embedded (FFPE), The cDNA of RUNX2 and VDR amplify in RT-PCR and detected with sybr green. One-way Analysis of Variance (ANOVA) and least significant difference (LSD) was used as a tool for statistical analysis. Results at 7 days highest mean value of mRNA RUNX2 gene expression Fold Change estimated in TCP followed by TCPD experimental group while at 21 days, the highest mean value in TCPD. All measured parameters showed highly significant differences in the course of healing periods from 7 days to 21 days. In mRNA VDR gene expression parameters showed a highly significant difference in 7days and 21 days durations among experimental groups and the highest mean value of mRNA VDR gene expression Fold Change is recorded in TCPD followed by vitamin D3 groups in both durations. These findings suggest positive inductive effects of local application of vitamin D3 combined with β-TCP as well as vitamin D3 on osteoblast cells and induced bone defect healing.","PeriodicalId":8566,"journal":{"name":"Asia-pacific Journal of Molecular Biology and Biotechnology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-08-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"76123503","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-07-02DOI: 10.35118/apjmbb.2023.031.2.10
Chitram Umashankar, B. N. Kunchirman, C. Shinde
This review discusses the importance of the antimicrobial action of homoeopathic medicine in the general management of typhoid. The main aim is to provide individualized homoeopathic treatment with symptomatic improvement, minimizing complications, and promoting early recovery. Justifying homoeopathy as preventive and curative in epidemic diseases. To review the effectiveness of homoeopathic medicine against Salmonella typhi by agar well diffusion and MIC value methods. Google scholar and PubMed databases were searched for this study to analyse the effects of homoeopathic medicine against Salmonella typhi. After scrutiny, shortlisted studies were reviewed for the study. The Google scholar search yielded 41 studies, a bibliography from 13 different sources books, and the Selection of 6 clinical rubrics from Radar 10-Synthesis Repertories after analysis of abstracts of 60 studies, 27 were shortlisted including five in-vitro and two in-vivo studies. Most of the studies showed the significance of minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) for homoeopathic medicine exhibited antibacterial potential against the related miniature organisms. The studies regarding antimicrobial action and other mechanisms of activity were heterogeneous. Homoeopathic remedies will allow the vital force immediately to deal with any exposure agents viz. various antigenic variants of salmonella. It appears to actuate resistant framework by initiating both T and B cells by the arrangement of antibodies. Further expansion of experimental studies is needed to know the exact action mechanism of homoeopathic medicines against Salmonella typhi.
{"title":"Homeopathic interventions against Salmonella typhi: A narrative review","authors":"Chitram Umashankar, B. N. Kunchirman, C. Shinde","doi":"10.35118/apjmbb.2023.031.2.10","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.35118/apjmbb.2023.031.2.10","url":null,"abstract":"This review discusses the importance of the antimicrobial action of homoeopathic medicine in the general management of typhoid. The main aim is to provide individualized homoeopathic treatment with symptomatic improvement, minimizing complications, and promoting early recovery. Justifying homoeopathy as preventive and curative in epidemic diseases. To review the effectiveness of homoeopathic medicine against Salmonella typhi by agar well diffusion and MIC value methods. Google scholar and PubMed databases were searched for this study to analyse the effects of homoeopathic medicine against Salmonella typhi. After scrutiny, shortlisted studies were reviewed for the study. The Google scholar search yielded 41 studies, a bibliography from 13 different sources books, and the Selection of 6 clinical rubrics from Radar 10-Synthesis Repertories after analysis of abstracts of 60 studies, 27 were shortlisted including five in-vitro and two in-vivo studies. Most of the studies showed the significance of minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) for homoeopathic medicine exhibited antibacterial potential against the related miniature organisms. The studies regarding antimicrobial action and other mechanisms of activity were heterogeneous. Homoeopathic remedies will allow the vital force immediately to deal with any exposure agents viz. various antigenic variants of salmonella. It appears to actuate resistant framework by initiating both T and B cells by the arrangement of antibodies. Further expansion of experimental studies is needed to know the exact action mechanism of homoeopathic medicines against Salmonella typhi.","PeriodicalId":8566,"journal":{"name":"Asia-pacific Journal of Molecular Biology and Biotechnology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-07-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"84247050","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-07-02DOI: 10.35118/apjmbb.2023.031.2.09
L. Riadi, Y. E. Agustin, Tjie Kok, Meyta Sanoe
Dissolved oxygen (DO) level in media plays a big role in the succession of the fermentation process by a microorganism. In this project, Trichoderma reesei was cultivated in two types of media, media A and B, both in 250 mL shake flask and 1.5 L fermenter at varying DO level. Media A and B contained the same carbon source and mineral salts, the difference between both media was the presence of press cake in Media B as urea and ammonium sulfate replacement, whereas the nitrogen sources in media A consists of urea and ammonium sulfate. The batch fermentation process was conducted in a 7.8 C/N ratio with an initial pH of 6. The purified enzyme was shown to convert xylan to xylose. Media B that contained Reutealis trisperma press cake gives a higher xylanase activity than media A without press cake, for both shake flask and fermenter cultivations. A xylanase activity of 101.07±1.65 U/mL and 39.30±0.64 U/mL was produced in a shake flask under 140 rpm for 96 hours of fermentation with ratio of 0.6 media B/flask volume and 0.6 media A/flask volume, respectively. A xylanase activity of 205.90±0.84 U/mL and 88.87±1.45 U/mL was produced in 72 hours at 0.8 L/min of aeration rate in a 1.5 L fermenter with media A and media B, respectively. Thus, this study identified the Reutealis trisperma cake can be used as a beneficial additional substrate and nitrogen sources. The increase in DO level, which indicated by increasing aeration rate, can generate a higher xylanase activity for both media in shake flask and fermenter.
{"title":"Dissolved oxygen on xylanase production by Trichoderma reesei using Reutalis trisperma press cake as an additional substrate","authors":"L. Riadi, Y. E. Agustin, Tjie Kok, Meyta Sanoe","doi":"10.35118/apjmbb.2023.031.2.09","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.35118/apjmbb.2023.031.2.09","url":null,"abstract":"Dissolved oxygen (DO) level in media plays a big role in the succession of the fermentation process by a microorganism. In this project, Trichoderma reesei was cultivated in two types of media, media A and B, both in 250 mL shake flask and 1.5 L fermenter at varying DO level. Media A and B contained the same carbon source and mineral salts, the difference between both media was the presence of press cake in Media B as urea and ammonium sulfate replacement, whereas the nitrogen sources in media A consists of urea and ammonium sulfate. The batch fermentation process was conducted in a 7.8 C/N ratio with an initial pH of 6. The purified enzyme was shown to convert xylan to xylose. Media B that contained Reutealis trisperma press cake gives a higher xylanase activity than media A without press cake, for both shake flask and fermenter cultivations. A xylanase activity of 101.07±1.65 U/mL and 39.30±0.64 U/mL was produced in a shake flask under 140 rpm for 96 hours of fermentation with ratio of 0.6 media B/flask volume and 0.6 media A/flask volume, respectively. A xylanase activity of 205.90±0.84 U/mL and 88.87±1.45 U/mL was produced in 72 hours at 0.8 L/min of aeration rate in a 1.5 L fermenter with media A and media B, respectively. Thus, this study identified the Reutealis trisperma cake can be used as a beneficial additional substrate and nitrogen sources. The increase in DO level, which indicated by increasing aeration rate, can generate a higher xylanase activity for both media in shake flask and fermenter.","PeriodicalId":8566,"journal":{"name":"Asia-pacific Journal of Molecular Biology and Biotechnology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-07-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"76898924","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-06-16DOI: 10.35118/apjmbb.2023.031.2.08
Priscilla Jayanthi Thavamany, M. Ong, S. Subramaniam, Vickneswaran Murugaiyah
Momordica cochinchinensis (Gac fruit) is a perennial tropical fruit which nutritional benefits have drawn significant attention in Southeast Asian countries but are not completely explored in this region. In addition to aril extracts, pulp and seed extracts were the focus of this study in terms of their phytochemical composition, antioxidant, antimicrobial, antiproliferative, and wound healing properties. The extracts obtained were aril water extract (AW), pulp water extract (PW) and seed extracts (SW), and its ethanolic counterpart, namely aril extract (AE), pulp extract (PE) and seed extract (SE). Both water and ethanolic extracts of the aril, pulp and seed contain alkaloids, flavonoids, saponins, volatile oil and reducing sugars. However, glycosides were only present in water extracts (AW, PW, SW), meanwhile tannins were detected only in SW. The PW exhibited an increased level of total phenolic content (TPC); 0.0215 ± 0.00060 mg GAE/g whereas, total flavonoid content (TFC) was quantitated at 0.083 ± 0.022 mg QE/g FW (TFC), respectively. Apart from that, the PW extract also exhibited potent antibacterial activity, with MIC values between 5 and 20 mg/ml and MBC values between 10 and 20 mg/ml against E. coli, P. aeruginosa, S. flexneri, and B. cereus. Cancer- origin cell lines MCF7, HepG2, A549, HCT116 and HT29 have been discovered to be most susceptible to AW and PW at 72 hours (h) post-treatment. The concentrations ranged between 1 µg/ml and 10 µg/ml of PE and SW extracts showed positive effects in the wound healing experiment.
{"title":"Phytochemical, anti-microbial activity, and anti-proliferation tests against human cancer-origin cell lines using water and ethanolic extracts of Momordica cochinchinensis (Gac fruit)","authors":"Priscilla Jayanthi Thavamany, M. Ong, S. Subramaniam, Vickneswaran Murugaiyah","doi":"10.35118/apjmbb.2023.031.2.08","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.35118/apjmbb.2023.031.2.08","url":null,"abstract":"Momordica cochinchinensis (Gac fruit) is a perennial tropical fruit which nutritional benefits have drawn significant attention in Southeast Asian countries but are not completely explored in this region. In addition to aril extracts, pulp and seed extracts were the focus of this study in terms of their phytochemical composition, antioxidant, antimicrobial, antiproliferative, and wound healing properties. The extracts obtained were aril water extract (AW), pulp water extract (PW) and seed extracts (SW), and its ethanolic counterpart, namely aril extract (AE), pulp extract (PE) and seed extract (SE). Both water and ethanolic extracts of the aril, pulp and seed contain alkaloids, flavonoids, saponins, volatile oil and reducing sugars. However, glycosides were only present in water extracts (AW, PW, SW), meanwhile tannins were detected only in SW. The PW exhibited an increased level of total phenolic content (TPC); 0.0215 ± 0.00060 mg GAE/g whereas, total flavonoid content (TFC) was quantitated at 0.083 ± 0.022 mg QE/g FW (TFC), respectively. Apart from that, the PW extract also exhibited potent antibacterial activity, with MIC values between 5 and 20 mg/ml and MBC values between 10 and 20 mg/ml against E. coli, P. aeruginosa, S. flexneri, and B. cereus. Cancer- origin cell lines MCF7, HepG2, A549, HCT116 and HT29 have been discovered to be most susceptible to AW and PW at 72 hours (h) post-treatment. The concentrations ranged between 1 µg/ml and 10 µg/ml of PE and SW extracts showed positive effects in the wound healing experiment.","PeriodicalId":8566,"journal":{"name":"Asia-pacific Journal of Molecular Biology and Biotechnology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-06-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"88887293","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-06-16DOI: 10.35118/apjmbb.2023.031.2.07
Faria Farhana Rain, Abu Faiz Md. Aslam
Cockroaches can spread various pathogenic agents which are accountable for food adulteration and the dispersing of foodborne pathogens. Pest management depends on proper identification. Nowadays, the COI gene of mitochondrial DNA has been anticipated as a recent systematic method functional in taxonomy and evolutionary study on species identification. The present research work is an initiative to identify the medically important cockroaches based on mitochondrial COI gene sequences. Eight (8) cockroach species (Periplaneta americana, Periplaneta brunnea, Periplaneta australasiae, Blatella germanica, Hebardina concinna, Pycnoscleus surinamensis, Blaberidae sp. and Balta notulata) were identified. Among them, four cockroach species (Balta notulata, Blaberidae sp., Hebardina Concinna and Pycnoscelus surinamensis) were the new record from Bangladesh. AT base content in DNA fragments of cockroaches was higher than GC base content. The highest AT content was 70% and the lowest GC content was 30%. The interspecific genetic divergence range of medically important cockroach species was 0.01-0.25. According to mutational steps, Pycnoscelus surinamensis was mostly diverged from its common ancestor by 88 mutational steps. Phylogenetic analysis revealed that species belonging to the same family were in the same major clade. This research is the first molecular approach to identify the medically important cockroach species based on MT-COI gene sequences in Bangladesh.
{"title":"The first DNA barcode of medically important cockroaches in Bangladesh","authors":"Faria Farhana Rain, Abu Faiz Md. Aslam","doi":"10.35118/apjmbb.2023.031.2.07","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.35118/apjmbb.2023.031.2.07","url":null,"abstract":"Cockroaches can spread various pathogenic agents which are accountable for food adulteration and the dispersing of foodborne pathogens. Pest management depends on proper identification. Nowadays, the COI gene of mitochondrial DNA has been anticipated as a recent systematic method functional in taxonomy and evolutionary study on species identification. The present research work is an initiative to identify the medically important cockroaches based on mitochondrial COI gene sequences. Eight (8) cockroach species (Periplaneta americana, Periplaneta brunnea, Periplaneta australasiae, Blatella germanica, Hebardina concinna, Pycnoscleus surinamensis, Blaberidae sp. and Balta notulata) were identified. Among them, four cockroach species (Balta notulata, Blaberidae sp., Hebardina Concinna and Pycnoscelus surinamensis) were the new record from Bangladesh. AT base content in DNA fragments of cockroaches was higher than GC base content. The highest AT content was 70% and the lowest GC content was 30%. The interspecific genetic divergence range of medically important cockroach species was 0.01-0.25. According to mutational steps, Pycnoscelus surinamensis was mostly diverged from its common ancestor by 88 mutational steps. Phylogenetic analysis revealed that species belonging to the same family were in the same major clade. This research is the first molecular approach to identify the medically important cockroach species based on MT-COI gene sequences in Bangladesh.","PeriodicalId":8566,"journal":{"name":"Asia-pacific Journal of Molecular Biology and Biotechnology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-06-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"82138826","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-06-10DOI: 10.35118/apjmbb.2023.031.2.06
R. Yousuf, H. Sabbar, Zainab Yaqoub Atiyah
Activated carbon (AC) is a highly important adsorbent material, as it is a solid form of pure carbon that boasts a porous structure and a large surface area, making it effective for capturing pollutants. Thanks to its exceptional features, AC is widely used for purifying water that is contaminated with odors and removing dyes in a cost-effective manner. A variety of carbonic materials have been employed to prepare AC, and this study aimed to evaluate the suitability of utilizing waste mango and avocado seeds for this purpose, followed by testing their efficacy in removing dye from aqueous solutions. The results indicate that using waste mango and avocado as AC is technically feasible, achieving dye removal percentages of 98% and 93%, respectively. Equilibrium isotherms were explained using Langmuir and Freundlich adsorption models, with the former proving to be the best fit for the experimental data (R2=0.99). Additionally, adsorption kinetics were analyzed and found to be well represented by the pseudo-2nd kinetic model.
{"title":"Utilizing waste mango and avocado seeds for highly effective dye removal with activated carbon","authors":"R. Yousuf, H. Sabbar, Zainab Yaqoub Atiyah","doi":"10.35118/apjmbb.2023.031.2.06","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.35118/apjmbb.2023.031.2.06","url":null,"abstract":"Activated carbon (AC) is a highly important adsorbent material, as it is a solid form of pure carbon that boasts a porous structure and a large surface area, making it effective for capturing pollutants. Thanks to its exceptional features, AC is widely used for purifying water that is contaminated with odors and removing dyes in a cost-effective manner. A variety of carbonic materials have been employed to prepare AC, and this study aimed to evaluate the suitability of utilizing waste mango and avocado seeds for this purpose, followed by testing their efficacy in removing dye from aqueous solutions. The results indicate that using waste mango and avocado as AC is technically feasible, achieving dye removal percentages of 98% and 93%, respectively. Equilibrium isotherms were explained using Langmuir and Freundlich adsorption models, with the former proving to be the best fit for the experimental data (R2=0.99). Additionally, adsorption kinetics were analyzed and found to be well represented by the pseudo-2nd kinetic model.","PeriodicalId":8566,"journal":{"name":"Asia-pacific Journal of Molecular Biology and Biotechnology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-06-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"80346290","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-05-28DOI: 10.35118/apjmbb.2023.031.2.05
Norhaniza Emrizal, Zainiharyati Mohd Zain, Khor Goot Heah
Cancer has a higher possibility to be cured if the cancer can be detected earlier. However, many malignancies are currently diagnosed only after they have spread throughout the body due to late diagnosis. Current devices have limitations to detect early cancer cells as the huge variations in the signal and limiting repeatability and sensitivity. Thus, more specific, and sensitive device of biosensor is required urgently for early cancer cells detection. The design and advancement of biosensor technology has become a focal point in recent years due to a broad variety of biosensor applications of cancer detections. These devices convert the genomic materials into an electric signal that can be identified by recognizing a specific biological analyte. In addition, the recent application of biosensors together with nanomaterials has constituted an excellent strategy in cancer monitoring and detection. This review recaps the latest literature search insights the biosensors development and application on their biological recognitions. Finally, the up-to-date approaches applied in biosensors using the nanomaterials and micro-technologies as advancement in detecting various cancers are highlighted in this review paper.
{"title":"The biosensor application in cancer detections: A review","authors":"Norhaniza Emrizal, Zainiharyati Mohd Zain, Khor Goot Heah","doi":"10.35118/apjmbb.2023.031.2.05","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.35118/apjmbb.2023.031.2.05","url":null,"abstract":"Cancer has a higher possibility to be cured if the cancer can be detected earlier. However, many malignancies are currently diagnosed only after they have spread throughout the body due to late diagnosis. Current devices have limitations to detect early cancer cells as the huge variations in the signal and limiting repeatability and sensitivity. Thus, more specific, and sensitive device of biosensor is required urgently for early cancer cells detection. The design and advancement of biosensor technology has become a focal point in recent years due to a broad variety of biosensor applications of cancer detections. These devices convert the genomic materials into an electric signal that can be identified by recognizing a specific biological analyte. In addition, the recent application of biosensors together with nanomaterials has constituted an excellent strategy in cancer monitoring and detection. This review recaps the latest literature search insights the biosensors development and application on their biological recognitions. Finally, the up-to-date approaches applied in biosensors using the nanomaterials and micro-technologies as advancement in detecting various cancers are highlighted in this review paper.","PeriodicalId":8566,"journal":{"name":"Asia-pacific Journal of Molecular Biology and Biotechnology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-05-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"83322041","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-05-08DOI: 10.35118/apjmbb.2023.031.2.04
P. Sundararajan, Shanmugam Ramasamy
The pigments are the coloured substances obtained from various organic and inorganic sources. Due to the negative impact of chemically synthesized dyes and pigments, there is a significant demand for microbially derived natural colourants. Microorganisms secrete pigments as their secondary metabolites. Microbial pigments are found as an alternative to synthetic pigments as they are produced significantly in higher quantities through biotechnological processes. Microbial pigments replaced by artificial colourants are easily decomposable and do not cause hazardous effects on the ecosystem. Different microbes like bacteria, fungi and actinomycetes could be exploited in pigment production. Despite varied groups of microorganisms acting as a source of pigment, bacteria are predominant source for pigment production because of their genetic simplicity. Moreover, bacterial pigments are recognized for their biological activities which accomplish their usage as colourants and therapeutics in various industries. Regarding bacterial pigment production, fermentation strategies are essential to overcome the market demand, which is applied in the pharmaceutical, chemical and food industries. The importance of bacterial pigments over synthetic pigments in various industrial applications and their production strategies is well narrated in this review.
{"title":"Bacteria as promising biofactory for pigment production: A prospective insights into production strategies and industrial applications","authors":"P. Sundararajan, Shanmugam Ramasamy","doi":"10.35118/apjmbb.2023.031.2.04","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.35118/apjmbb.2023.031.2.04","url":null,"abstract":"The pigments are the coloured substances obtained from various organic and inorganic sources. Due to the negative impact of chemically synthesized dyes and pigments, there is a significant demand for microbially derived natural colourants. Microorganisms secrete pigments as their secondary metabolites. Microbial pigments are found as an alternative to synthetic pigments as they are produced significantly in higher quantities through biotechnological processes. Microbial pigments replaced by artificial colourants are easily decomposable and do not cause hazardous effects on the ecosystem. Different microbes like bacteria, fungi and actinomycetes could be exploited in pigment production. Despite varied groups of microorganisms acting as a source of pigment, bacteria are predominant source for pigment production because of their genetic simplicity. Moreover, bacterial pigments are recognized for their biological activities which accomplish their usage as colourants and therapeutics in various industries. Regarding bacterial pigment production, fermentation strategies are essential to overcome the market demand, which is applied in the pharmaceutical, chemical and food industries. The importance of bacterial pigments over synthetic pigments in various industrial applications and their production strategies is well narrated in this review.","PeriodicalId":8566,"journal":{"name":"Asia-pacific Journal of Molecular Biology and Biotechnology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-05-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"81072098","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-04-06DOI: 10.35118/apjmbb.2023.031.2.03
D. Leung
Glioblastoma (GBM) is the deadliest type of primary brain tumours with a high mortality rate, attributing to high post-surgical tumour recurrence. This unfavourable prognosis is due to the highly invasive phenotype observed in GBM cells, especially within the mesenchymal (MES) subtype of GBM. In recent years, the involvement of non-coding RNA (ncRNA) such as long non-coding RNA (lncRNA) and microRNA (miRNA) have been extensively deliberated in cancers and GBM. They were reported to be involved in the regulation of multiple biological pathways and cellular processes, which leads to increased cell invasion observed in tumours. This review focuses on two cellular processes; angiogenesis and MES transition, which can stimulate the invasive nature of GBM cells. Additionally, the extracellular matrix (ECM) and the hypoxic environment of GBM microenvironment which are central factors regulating both cellular processes will be discussed. Both cellular processes affiliated with cell invasion are downstream of signalling pathways such as PI3K/Akt or Wnt/β-catenin signalling, which will also be elaborated. Finally, recent studies characterising novel lncRNAs in the regulation of cell-invasion in GBM, specifically via the biological processes and signalling pathways discussed previously will be compiled and reviewed.
{"title":"Long non-coding RNA in glioblastoma invasion: Angiogenesis and mesenchymal transition via PI3K and Wnt signalling","authors":"D. Leung","doi":"10.35118/apjmbb.2023.031.2.03","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.35118/apjmbb.2023.031.2.03","url":null,"abstract":"Glioblastoma (GBM) is the deadliest type of primary brain tumours with a high mortality rate, attributing to high post-surgical tumour recurrence. This unfavourable prognosis is due to the highly invasive phenotype observed in GBM cells, especially within the mesenchymal (MES) subtype of GBM. In recent years, the involvement of non-coding RNA (ncRNA) such as long non-coding RNA (lncRNA) and microRNA (miRNA) have been extensively deliberated in cancers and GBM. They were reported to be involved in the regulation of multiple biological pathways and cellular processes, which leads to increased cell invasion observed in tumours. This review focuses on two cellular processes; angiogenesis and MES transition, which can stimulate the invasive nature of GBM cells. Additionally, the extracellular matrix (ECM) and the hypoxic environment of GBM microenvironment which are central factors regulating both cellular processes will be discussed. Both cellular processes affiliated with cell invasion are downstream of signalling pathways such as PI3K/Akt or Wnt/β-catenin signalling, which will also be elaborated. Finally, recent studies characterising novel lncRNAs in the regulation of cell-invasion in GBM, specifically via the biological processes and signalling pathways discussed previously will be compiled and reviewed.","PeriodicalId":8566,"journal":{"name":"Asia-pacific Journal of Molecular Biology and Biotechnology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-04-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"77902581","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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