Australian dental journal最新文献

In dental sleep medicine several sleep disorders commonly coexist with pain, contributing to complex clinical presentations which might affect the provision of appropriate and timely treatment. There are associations between sleep disorders and pain in general, as well as with specific orofacial pain conditions. As many as five of six patients with orofacial pain can present with sleep problems. The comorbidity of orofacial pain and sleep disorders overlays a complex web of altered neurobiological mechanisms that predispose to the chronification of orofacial pain. This review discusses the relationship between orofacial pain and sleep disorders and highlights their interactions and the neurobiological mechanisms underlying those relationships.

Objective: Sleep bruxism (SB) and obstructive sleep apnoea (OSA) seem to be mutually associated. This study investigates the relationship between current SB and OSA-related symptoms and the difference in OSA-related symptoms between groups based on a history of SB.

Methods: An online survey was drafted to report the presence of SB and OSA in sample of 243 individuals (M = 129;F = 114;mean(SD)age = 42.4 ± 14.4 years). The Subject-Based Assessment strategy recommended in the 'Standardized Tool for the Assessment of Bruxism' (STAB) was adopted to assess SB. To evaluate OSA-related symptoms, Epworth Sleepiness Scale (ESS) and STOP-BANG questionnaires were adopted. Correlations between current SB and OSA-related symptoms were evaluated by Spearman test. ESS and STOP-BANG scores were compared by Mann-Whitney U test in individuals with and a without positive SB history.

Results: Current SB and SB history were reported by 45.7% and 39.1% of the sample, respectively. 73.7%, 21% and 5.3% of the responders showed a low, intermediate and high risk of OSA, respectively. Neither significant correlations between current SB and OSA nor significant differences between SB groups emerged.

Conclusions: This study did neither find any significant correlation between self-report of current SB and OSA nor significant differences in ESS and STOP-BANG scores between groups based on SB history.

Background: Swimming has classically been associated with a distinctive type of extrinsic dental staining. However, its prevalence and characteristics have not been explored in Australia. This case controlled cross-sectional cohort study aimed to determine the prevalence and severity of dental staining among children who swim competitively compared to non-swimmers and its impact on oral health-related quality of life (OHRQL).

Methods: Parents and children from Western Australian swimming clubs completed a survey assessing swimming routine, risk factors for staining and OHRQL. Intra-oral photographs were taken and staining of anterior teeth was assessed using a modified Lobene Stain Index. A Global Stain Score (GSS) was calculated and compared against age-matched non-swimmer controls.

Results: Maxillary anterior teeth from swimmers (n = 400) and non-swimmers (n = 400) were analysed. Staining prevalence was greater in swimmers (83%) than non-swimmers (44%). GSS scores were positively correlated with both the total lifetime swimming hours and practice time (P < 0.05), with a significant difference in GSS between swimmers and non-swimmers (P = <0.001, OR: 6.21). Dietary factors for staining were not significantly correlated with GSS.

Conclusion: Swimmers had a greater risk of developing staining than non-swimmers, and this negatively impacted their OHRQL. The extent and intensity of staining were associated with the amount of swimming.

Tooth loss and osteonecrosis of the jaw are a serious and rare oral complications of herpes zoster infection, particularly in immunocompetent individuals. An immunocompetent 58-year-old male patient presented with a sudden exfoliation of almost all the teeth in his right mandible 2 days prior. Three weeks before this event, he had been diagnosed with herpes zoster infection, which led to irreversible necrosis on the right side of his mandible over 3 months. He was subsequently diagnosed with the osteonecrosis of the right mandible following herpes zoster infection and received aggressive treatment including medication, laser therapy and surgery. We present here our insights into the risk factors, differential diagnosis, pathogenesis and treatment options for this rare complication based on our case and latest literature review.

Background: The aim of this study was to summarize existing data and perform technological prospecting on the effect of incorporating antifungal agents into denture base materials in inhibiting Candida spp., as well as to explore the antimicrobial properties of these materials.

Methods: A comprehensive electronic search was carried out in six major bibliographic databases (PubMed, Scopus, Embase, Cochrane Library, Web of Science and Lilacs) until February 2024. In addition, international patent databases were also examined. The search process, study and patent selection, data extraction and risk of bias assessment were carried out independently by researchers. The collected data underwent qualitative analysis.

Results: A total of 10 718 articles were identified in the searched databases, of which 40 documents were included for qualitative data analysis (articles: 31; patents: 9). The majority of the studies focused on investigating tissue conditioners (n = 14) and acrylic resins (n = 14). The primary antifungal agents studied were nystatin (n = 15) and fluconazole (n = 13). The most commonly utilized microbiological evaluation methodology was the agar diffusion test (n = 16), followed by the microdilution (n = 7) and biofilm formation assays (n = 7). All of the studies investigated the inhibitory effect of these materials against Candida species.

Conclusion: The incorporation of antifungal agents into denture base materials has been extensively studied and has shown a significant inhibitory response against Candida spp. across various methodological assays.

Aims: The dentistry program is extremely demanding mentally and physically. Consequently, it can induce high levels of stress, anxiety and depression in students. There is some research in measuring these ramifications on dental students, but they lack the influence of the COVID-19 pandemic which has brought about many fundamental changes to the curriculum of dental students. The aim of this study was to assess dental students' mental health through the Depression, Anxiety and Stress Scale (DASS-21) during the COVID-19 pandemic in an Australian dental School.

Methods: The Bachelor of Dental Science (Honours) students enrolled in years 2-5 were requested to complete an online questionnaire that included the DASS-21 and additional questions regarding the impact of COVID-19 on quality of life. Jamovi was utilized to conduct descriptive data analysis.

Results: 179 students completed the survey with 81 males (45%) and 98 females (55%). 70.4% of the participants described elevated anxiety for the health of their loved ones and themselves during the COVID-19 pandemic. The overall mean DASS-21 scores were 7.1 (5.07) in depression, 4.9 (4.00) in anxiety and 6.5 (4.32) in stress.

Conclusions: The results indicate that the COVID-19 pandemic negatively impacted the mental health of dental students. While further research is still required, it is important for universities to recognize how this pandemic affected the mental wellbeing of students so that they can implement appropriate support programs and improve dental education.

Clinical relevance: The COVID-19 pandemic has had a profound impact on social and mental health worldwide, and dental students are notably affected. Recognized as a psychological risk factor, COVID-19 has been linked to an increased rate of suicidal deaths. This paper underlines the importance of recognizing the full scope of the pandemic's impact on dental students, including their views and the potential effects on their physical and mental health. The study indicates a pressing need for more robust support from the organizations to improve the mental health and overall well-being of dental students.

Background: Periodontitis is a common oral disease and the chronic inflammation caused by it may influence the development of cancers in the upper gastrointestinal tract. Many observational studies have established a relationship between the two, but the results are not entirely consistent.

Methods: Two-sample MR was performed using publicly available genome-wide association studies data for periodontitis, oral, gastric and oesophagal cancers. The Inverse Variance Weighting (IVW) method serves as the primary method, with MR Egger, Weighted Median, Simple Model and Weighted Model Algorithm methods as complementary methods to assess genetic causal associations. Cochran Q-test, MR-Egger regression and MR polytropic residuals and outliers were used to assess heterogeneity and horizontal pleiotropy.

Results: IVW results did not support a causal association between periodontitis and oral (OR = 1.00, 95% CI: 1.00, 1.00) and oesophagal cancer (OR = 1.00, 95% CI: 1.00, 1.00). Similarly, there was again no causal association between periodontitis and gastric cancer, which was integrated with an OR of 1.04 (95% CI: 0.97, 1.12). Complementary method results were consistent with IVW and heterogeneity and horizontal pleiotropy were not found in most studies.

Conclusions: The findings of our MR study do not support a causal relationship between periodontitis and oral, gastric and oesophagal cancers.