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Inequalities in dental caries among Indigenous and non-Indigenous children in Australia: A literature review 澳大利亚土著儿童和非土著儿童龋齿的不平等：文献综述。
IF 2.1 4区 医学 Q2 Dentistry
Australian dental journal
Pub Date : 2024-01-10 DOI: 10.1111/adj.13005
X Wang, A Ghanbarzadegan, W Sohn, E Taylor, J Gao, B Christian

Dental caries constitutes one of the most ubiquitous diseases in Australia, with Indigenous children presenting a notably higher prevalence than their non-Indigenous peers. This literature review aims to update the knowledge base developed by Christian and Blinkhorn in 2012, with a particular focus on the contemporary disparities in dental caries between Indigenous and non-Indigenous children. Our research strategy involved a thorough exploration of the Medline, PubMed, and Scopus databases to identify pertinent studies published between 2009 and 2022. Supplementary resources included various government websites and citation searches. We prioritised studies that focused on children aged 5–6 or 12 years—reflecting the World Health Organization's index ages for oral health—and that reported dental caries prevalence and experience indicators. Our review methodology was guided by the PRISMA (Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses) statement. The updated search, spanning 2009 to 2023, retrieved studies that reported caries estimates exclusively from 2009 to 2014. Within this period, the prevalence of dental caries in Indigenous children's primary teeth ranged between 52% and 77%, while the prevalence in permanent teeth varied from 36% to 60%. This updated review indicated that Indigenous children continue to experience caries at an approximately twice higher rate than non-Indigenous children, sustaining the persisting disparity in caries estimates. The findings from this review show that no discernible improvement in dental caries rates among Australian Indigenous children has been observed in comparison to the previous review; and that Indigenous children continue to experience both higher prevalence and severity of dental caries compared to non-Indigenous children.

龋齿是澳大利亚最普遍的疾病之一，土著儿童的发病率明显高于非土著儿童。本文献综述旨在更新 Christian 和 Blinkhorn 于 2012 年建立的知识库，尤其关注当代土著儿童和非土著儿童之间在龋齿方面的差异。我们的研究策略包括对 Medline、PubMed 和 Scopus 数据库进行彻底搜索，以确定 2009 年至 2022 年间发表的相关研究。补充资源包括各种政府网站和引文检索。我们优先考虑关注 5-6 岁或 12 岁儿童（反映世界卫生组织口腔健康指数年龄）的研究，以及报告龋齿流行率和经验指标的研究。我们的综述方法以 PRISMA（系统综述和元分析首选报告项目）声明为指导。更新后的检索时间跨度为 2009 年至 2023 年，检索到的研究仅报告了 2009 年至 2014 年的龋齿估计值。在此期间，土著儿童乳牙的龋齿流行率介于 52% 到 77% 之间，而恒牙的流行率则介于 36% 到 60% 之间。这次更新的审查表明，土著儿童的龋齿率仍然比非土著儿童高出约两倍，龋齿估计数的差距持续存在。本次审查的结果表明，与上次审查相比，澳大利亚土著儿童的龋齿率没有明显改善；与非土著儿童相比，土著儿童的龋齿发生率和严重程度仍然较高。
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引用次数: 0
Comparative analysis of self-cure and dual cure-dental composites on their physico-mechanical behaviour 自固化和双固化牙科复合材料物理机械性能对比分析
IF 2.1 4区 医学 Q2 Dentistry
Australian dental journal
Pub Date : 2023-12-22 DOI: 10.1111/adj.13004
J Thadathil Varghese, R Raju, P Farrar, L Prentice, BG Prusty

Background

Clinical practitioners may have become familiar with the rapid transformation of dental composites. However, they may not scientifically understand the factors influencing the mechanical and physical properties. Scientific knowledge of filler-resin interaction can significantly improve clinical understanding of resin composites. Several independent studies have examined the mechanical and physico-mechanical properties of dental resin composites; however, no comprehensive study has examined the influence of fillers and resin materials on the physico-mechanical properties of both self-cure and dual-cure composites.

Methods

This study performed investigations on the physico-mechanical behaviour of four commercially available dual-cure dental composites (Bioactive, Fill Up!, Surefil One, Cention N) and two commercially available self-cure dental composites (Stela Capsule and Stela Automix). Test specimens for flexural and compressive strength, microhardness, fracture toughness, and hydrolytic behaviour were prepared and tested as per respective standards. The data sets were statistically analysed using one-way ANOVA and Tukey's post-hoc comparison.

Results

There was a substantial variation in flexural strength and modulus values in this study, ranging from 32.0 to 113.4 MPa and 2.36 to 12.07 GPa, respectively. Similarly, there were significant differences in compressive strength between the materials in this study, ranging from 119.3 to 223.5 MPa. The highest fracture toughness value was found to be 1.41 MPa.m0.5, while the lowest value was 0.43 MPa.m0.5. Variations in surface microhardness were significant (24.11–68.0 N/mm2), which correlated with the filler content. Water sorption and solubility demonstrated high variations among materials, with Surefil One exceeding ISO 4049 thresholds significantly.

Conclusions

A linear correlation can be established between surface microhardness (HV) and flexural and compressive moduli, as well as filler content (wt.%). However, both flexural and compressive strengths are impacted by the resin's constituent monomers and the resin-filler matrix's cross-linking capability. Additionally, factors such as filler size, shape, and the cross-linking ability of the resin-filler matrix play a crucial role in fracture toughness and the propagation of cracks within the restoration. Also, resin monomers and filler particle size affect the hydr

背景：临床医师可能已经熟悉了牙科复合材料的快速变化。然而，他们可能并不科学地了解影响其机械和物理特性的因素。有关填料与树脂相互作用的科学知识可大大提高临床医师对树脂复合材料的认识。已有多项独立研究考察了牙科树脂复合材料的机械和物理机械性能，但还没有一项全面的研究考察了填料和树脂材料对自固化和双固化复合材料物理机械性能的影响：本研究对四种市售双固化牙科复合材料（Bioactive、Fill Up！、Surefil One、Cention N）和两种市售自固化牙科复合材料（Stela Capsule 和 Stela Automix）的物理机械性能进行了研究。按照相应的标准制备并测试了弯曲和压缩强度、显微硬度、断裂韧性和水解行为的试样。采用单因素方差分析和 Tukey 事后比较法对数据集进行统计分析：本研究中的抗弯强度和模量值差异很大，分别为 32.0 至 113.4 兆帕和 2.36 至 12.07 千兆帕。同样，本研究中不同材料的抗压强度也存在显著差异，从 119.3 到 223.5 兆帕不等。断裂韧性的最高值为 1.41 MPa.m0.5，最低值为 0.43 MPa.m0.5。表面显微硬度变化很大（24.11-68.0 N/mm2），这与填料含量有关。不同材料的吸水性和溶解性差异很大，其中 Surefil One 明显超过 ISO 4049 临界值：表面显微硬度（HV）与弯曲和压缩模量以及填料含量（重量百分比）之间存在线性关系。然而，树脂的组成单体和树脂-填料基体的交联能力会影响弯曲强度和压缩强度。此外，填料的大小、形状和树脂-填料基体的交联能力等因素对修复体的断裂韧性和裂纹扩展也起着至关重要的作用。此外，树脂单体和填料颗粒大小也会影响复合材料的水解降解特性，从而影响其机械性能。© 2023 澳大利亚牙科协会。
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引用次数: 0
Oral health messages for Australia: a national consensus statement 澳大利亚口腔健康信息:全国共识声明。
IF 2.1 4区 医学 Q2 Dentistry
Australian dental journal
Pub Date : 2023-11-27 DOI: 10.1111/adj.13003
R Welti, M Chinotti, O Walsh, M Arcus, J Asgari, K Phillips, J Wallace, L Do, P Moynihan, M Silva

Test your knowledge by first reading the article, then go to www.ada.org.au. Log on to the members site and click on Professional Information. Under Publications, follow the links to this month's Quiz. Select the option that you think provides the best answer to each question. Click ‘Done’ and in an instant you will know how you scored. Remember to print out a copy of your score for your records. Completion of this quiz entitles you to 1 CPD hour. Please note the Editorial Office does not accept hard copies of completed questionnaires. The Quiz must be completed online and a printed copy of your results retained for CPD audit purposes.

Paula Moynihan is a member of the Haleon Scientific Advisory Council for which her institution receives a fee. The other authors have no conflicts of interest to declare.

先阅读这篇文章，然后访问www.ada.org.au来测试你的知识。登录会员网站，点击专业信息。在Publications栏目，点击本月小测验的链接。选择你认为对每个问题提供最佳答案的选项。点击“完成”，在一个瞬间你会知道你的得分。记得打印一份你的分数作为记录。完成此测试可获得1小时的持续专业进修。请注意，编辑部不接受已填写的问卷的硬拷贝。测试必须在线完成，并保留一份打印的结果副本，以备CPD审核之用。宝拉·莫伊尼汉(Paula Moynihan)是Haleon科学顾问委员会的成员，她的机构为此收取费用。其他作者没有利益冲突需要申报。
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引用次数: 0
Anatomical complexities affecting root canal preparation: a narrative review 解剖学复杂性影响根管准备:一个叙述性的回顾。
IF 2.1 4区 医学 Q2 Dentistry
Australian dental journal
Pub Date : 2023-11-20 DOI: 10.1111/adj.12992
MA Versiani, JNR Martins, R Ordinola-Zapata

A fundamental aspect of the Endodontic field is the knowledge of root canal anatomy. Using a variety of techniques, the internal and external anatomy of teeth have been extensively investigated throughout the past century. Recent improvements in three-dimensional computed tomography have enabled more detailed evaluations of root canal morphology in both clinical and laboratory settings. Essentially, researches have unveiled that the root canal constitutes a complex system, comprising not only the main root canal but also lateral components, including isthmuses, fins, accessory canals and apical ramifications. Undoubtedly, this intricate morphology poses a significant challenge when it comes to the process of shaping, cleaning and disinfecting the root canal system. This article aims to explore the anatomical aspects of the root canal system that impact the chemomechanical procedures.

根管学领域的一个基本方面是根管解剖学的知识。在过去的一个世纪里，利用各种各样的技术，对牙齿的内部和外部解剖进行了广泛的研究。最近三维计算机断层扫描技术的改进使得在临床和实验室环境中对根管形态进行更详细的评估成为可能。从本质上讲，研究揭示了根管是一个复杂的系统，它不仅包括主根管，还包括侧根管，包括峡部、鳍、副根管和根尖分枝。毫无疑问，当涉及到根管系统的成形、清洁和消毒过程时，这种复杂的形态构成了一个重大挑战。本文旨在探讨根管系统的解剖学方面对化学力学过程的影响。
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引用次数: 0
Vital pulp therapy for permanent teeth with diagnosis of irreversible pulpitis: biological basis and outcome 诊断为不可逆牙髓炎的恒牙生命髓治疗:生物学基础和结果。
IF 2.1 4区 医学 Q2 Dentistry
Australian dental journal
Pub Date : 2023-11-20 DOI: 10.1111/adj.12997
B Kahler, NA Taha, J Lu, TM Saoud

Root canal treatment (RCT) has been considered the conventional standard for the management of teeth with carious pulp exposure, particularly in mature teeth presenting with symptoms. Following a better understanding of the histopathology of deep carious lesions, the histology of the cariously exposed pulp and the healing potential of the inflamed pulp, vital pulp therapy (VPT) is increasingly adopted around the world for the management of permanent teeth with clinical signs and symptoms indicative of irreversible pulpitis. Furthermore, VPT became a recognized treatment modality by the European Society of Endodontology (ESE) and the American Association of Endodontists (AAE) by virtue of its high success rates reported in outcome studies using contemporary hydraulic calcium silicate-based cements. However, proper case selection, strict asepsis, capping materials and good coronal seal are mandatory for success. The aim of this paper is to review the biological basis for VPT in symptomatic teeth with carious pulp exposure and to report on the outcome of pulpotomy in teeth with clinical diagnosis of irreversible pulpitis.

根管治疗(RCT)一直被认为是处理龋齿牙髓暴露的常规标准，特别是在出现症状的成熟牙齿中。随着对深部龋齿病变的组织病理学、龋齿暴露牙髓的组织学和炎症牙髓的愈合潜力的更好了解，生命髓治疗(VPT)越来越多地被世界各地采用，用于治疗具有不可逆牙髓炎临床体征和症状的恒牙。此外，VPT已成为欧洲牙髓学学会(ESE)和美国牙髓医师协会(AAE)认可的治疗方式，因为在使用现代液压硅酸钙基水泥的结果研究中，VPT的成功率很高。然而，正确的病例选择，严格的无菌，封盖材料和良好的冠状密封是成功的必要条件。本文的目的是回顾有症状的牙髓暴露的VPT的生物学基础，并报道临床诊断为不可逆牙髓炎的牙髓切开术的结果。
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引用次数: 0
CBCT in contemporary endodontics CBCT在当代牙髓学中的应用。
IF 2.1 4区 医学 Q2 Dentistry
Australian dental journal
Pub Date : 2023-11-17 DOI: 10.1111/adj.12995
F Chan, LF Brown, P Parashos

Cone-beam computed tomography (CBCT) is a three-dimensional imaging modality which can aid endodontic diagnosis and treatment planning. While there are guidelines available describing the indications, there are divergent philosophies on when this technology should be applied in clinical practice. This paper reviews the applications of CBCT including the clinical relevance of parameters which can be assessed, highlights the limitations of this technology, and provides guidance on how to maximise its clinical utility.

锥形束计算机断层扫描(CBCT)是一种三维成像方式，可以帮助根管诊断和治疗计划。虽然有描述适应症的可用指南，但在该技术何时应应用于临床实践方面存在不同的理念。本文回顾了CBCT的应用，包括可评估的参数的临床相关性，强调了该技术的局限性，并就如何最大化其临床效用提供了指导。
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引用次数: 0
Intracoronal tooth bleaching – A review and treatment guidelines 牙冠内漂白-回顾和治疗指南。
IF 2.1 4区 医学 Q2 Dentistry
Australian dental journal
Pub Date : 2023-11-17 DOI: 10.1111/adj.13000
M Amer

Intracoronal bleaching is a minimally invasive procedure that was introduced into dentistry in the 19th century. The role of that procedure in enhancing the colour of teeth subjected to internal discolouration while being conservative made it extremely popular amongst dental professionals. Different materials and techniques have been utilized over the years attempting to obtain predictable long-term results while minimizing any associated risks. Contemporarily, bleaching agents are mainly based on peroxide-releasing compounds in different formulations and delivery systems. Different theories have been formulated on the bleaching mechanism of such agents, but the exact mechanism is yet to be proven. The effect of hydrogen peroxide-based bleaching agents on the organic structure of enamel and dentine has been extensively investigated to address the effects of bonding of resin-based restorative materials to hard tooth structure. Multiple case reports raised a concern about the contribution of intracoronal bleaching in developing invasive root resorption. Modification of intracoronal bleaching techniques was thus necessary to address such concerns. This review will provide a summary of the important aspects of intracoronal bleaching, focusing on how it applies to the contemporary clinical setting. © 2023 Australian Dental Association.

冠状内漂白是一种微创手术，于19世纪引入牙科。该程序在增强牙齿颜色方面的作用，使牙齿内部变色，同时保持保守，这在牙科专业人员中非常受欢迎。多年来，不同的材料和技术一直在尝试获得可预测的长期结果，同时将任何相关风险降至最低。目前，漂白剂主要基于不同配方和输送系统的过氧化物释放化合物。关于这类漂白剂的漂白机理已有不同的理论，但确切的机理尚未得到证实。过氧化氢漂白剂对牙本质和牙釉质有机结构的影响已被广泛研究，以解决树脂基修复材料与硬牙结构结合的影响。多个病例报告提出了对冠内漂白在发展侵入性牙根吸收中的作用的关注。因此，有必要改进冠状内漂白技术来解决这些问题。这篇综述将提供一个总结的重要方面的冠状内漂白，重点是如何适用于当代临床设置。©2023澳大利亚牙科协会。
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引用次数: 0
Return of the Supplement 补刊的归还。
IF 2.1 4区 医学 Q2 Dentistry
Australian dental journal
Pub Date : 2023-11-17 DOI: 10.1111/adj.13002
Ivan Darby
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引用次数: 0
Prevalence and morphology of different root canal systems in mandibular premolars: a cross-sectional observational study 下颌前磨牙不同根管系统的流行和形态:一项横断面观察研究。
IF 2.1 4区 医学 Q2 Dentistry
Australian dental journal
Pub Date : 2023-11-16 DOI: 10.1111/adj.12994
O Rae, P Parashos

Background

This study investigated the prevalence and morphology of C-shaped and non-C-shaped root canal systems in permanent mandibular first (PM1) and second (PM2) premolars using retrospective analysis of cone-beam computed tomography (CBCT) scans, and panoramic radiographs.

Methods

CBCT scans from 2000 patients were screened for the presence of premolars with C-shaped canals and then assessed at three axial levels to determine the canal classification. The teeth were also assessed for Vertucci configuration, number of roots, and radicular grooves. Pre-existing panoramic radiographs were evaluated to identify features specific to PM1/2 with multiple canals or C-shaped anatomy.

Results

A total of 1576 PM1 and 1424 PM2 from 880 patients were evaluated. The overall prevalence of C-shaped canals was 2.2% (3.3% PM1, 1.0% PM2), with 49 (5.6%) patients presenting with at least one C-shaped mandibular premolar. There were 2.3 ± 0.6 and 2.4 ± 0.5 different classifiable cross-sections per tooth for PM1 and PM2, respectively. The sudden disappearance or bifurcation of a canal on panoramic radiographs was associated with the presence of multiple canals (P < 0.001) or C-shaped anatomy (P = 0.03).

Conclusions

There was substantial variation in cross-sectional anatomy within and between C-shaped premolars, which will affect endodontic treatment planning. © 2023 Australian Dental Association.

背景:本研究通过锥形束计算机断层扫描(CBCT)和全景x线片的回顾性分析，研究了永久性下颌第一(PM1)和第二(PM2)前磨牙c形和非c形根管系统的患病率和形态。方法:从2000例患者的CBCT扫描中筛选c形管的存在，然后在三个轴向水平进行评估，以确定管的分类。还评估了牙的Vertucci结构，根的数量和根槽。评估预先存在的全景x线片以确定pm2 /2多管或c形解剖的特异性特征。结果:880例患者共检测PM1 1576、PM2 1424。c形管的总体患病率为2.2% (3.3% PM1, 1.0% PM2)，其中49例(5.6%)患者至少有一颗c形下颌前磨牙。PM1和PM2每牙分别有2.3±0.6和2.4±0.5个不同的可分类截面。全景x线片上根管突然消失或分叉与存在多个根管有关(P结论:c型前磨牙内部和之间的横切面解剖结构存在很大差异，这将影响根管治疗计划。©2023澳大利亚牙科协会。
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引用次数: 0
Endodontic–orthodontic interactions: a review and treatment recommendations 牙髓-正畸相互作用:回顾和治疗建议。
IF 2.1 4区 医学 Q2 Dentistry
Australian dental journal
Pub Date : 2023-11-13 DOI: 10.1111/adj.12996
P Parashos

The literature is replete with articles describing the many and varied interactions between endodontic treatment and orthodontic tooth movement (OTM), often reporting conflicting views and findings, which creates confusion for clinicians. Original research and review articles have described aspects such as apical root resorption and potential pulpal complications of teeth related to OTM. Some interactions are of relatively minor clinical significance, whilst others may have adverse consequences. A history of dental trauma before or during OTM further complicates the interactions. This review re-assesses the historical literature on endodontic-orthodontic interactions in light of more recent research and presents guidelines for managing clinical situations involving both disciplines. © 2023 Australian Dental Association.

文献中充满了描述根管治疗和正畸牙齿运动(OTM)之间许多不同的相互作用的文章，经常报道相互矛盾的观点和发现，这给临床医生带来了困惑。原始的研究和综述文章已经描述了与OTM相关的牙齿的根尖吸收和潜在的牙髓并发症等方面。有些相互作用的临床意义相对较小，而另一些则可能产生不良后果。在OTM之前或期间的牙外伤史进一步使相互作用复杂化。这篇综述根据最近的研究重新评估了牙髓-正畸相互作用的历史文献，并提出了涉及这两个学科的临床情况管理指南。©2023澳大利亚牙科协会。
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引用次数: 0
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