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Chemical State Analysis of Rhodium in Simulated Waste Glass by Synchrotron-Radiation-based XAFS and Imaging XAFS Techniques 利用同步辐射XAFS和成像XAFS技术分析模拟废玻璃中铑的化学状态
Pub Date : 2017-01-01 DOI: 10.3327/TAESJ.J16.024
Y. Okamoto, T. Nagai, H. Shiwaku, Takehiko Inose, Sato Seiichi
X-ray absorption fine structure ( XAFS ) and imaging XAFS analyses were performed to elucidate the chemical state of rhodium in simulated waste glass. The chemical forms of Rh in the glass were evaluated to be 84 % RhO 2 and 16 % metal / alloy as the result of linear combination analysis of EXAFS data. According to the imaging XAFS analysis, the chemical form of Rh that was located together with Ru was mainly oxide ( RhO 2 ) . This suggests that a stable ( Ru,Rh ) O 2 solid solution exists in the simulated glass. On the other hand, that of Rh whose distribution did not coincide with Ru in the glass was mainly metallic. The metallic Rh in the glass tended to become an aggregate form. It can be concluded that the chemical state of Rh was strongly affected by the existence and distribution of Ru.
采用x射线吸收精细结构(XAFS)和成像XAFS分析阐明了模拟废玻璃中铑的化学状态。根据EXAFS数据的线性组合分析,玻璃中Rh的化学形态为84% RhO 2和16%金属/合金。根据成像XAFS分析,与Ru在一起的Rh的化学形态主要为氧化物(RhO 2)。这表明在模拟玻璃中存在稳定的(Ru,Rh) o2固溶体。另一方面,Rh在玻璃中的分布与Ru不一致,主要是金属性的。玻璃中的金属Rh趋向于形成聚集体。结果表明,Ru的存在和分布对Rh的化学状态有很大影响。
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引用次数: 0
Estimation of Xe-135, I-131, I-132, I-133 and Te-132 Concentrations in Plumes at Monitoring Posts in Fukushima Prefecture Using Pulse Height Distribution Obtained from NaI(Tl) Detector 利用NaI(Tl)脉冲高度分布估算福岛县监测站烟羽中Xe-135、I-131、I-132、I-133和Te-132浓度
Pub Date : 2017-01-01 DOI: 10.3327/taesj.j16.014
H. Hirayama, H. Matsumura, Y. Namito, T. Sanami
The Xe-135, I-131, I-132, I-133 and Te-132 concentrations in plumes at the monitoring posts in Fukushima prefecture in March 2011 were estimated using the pulse height distribution obtained from a NaI (Tl) detector, which were available to the public. Several corrections to the pulse height distribution were necessary owing to high count rates. The contribution to the count rates from each radionuclide except Xe-135 accumulated around each monitoring post was estimated using a method based on the time history of the peak count rate proposed by the authors. The concentration of each radionuclide in the plume was converted from the peak count rate using the response of the NaI (Tl) detector calculated with the egs5 code for a model of a plume containing a uniform distribution of radionuclides. The obtained time histories of Xe-135, I-131, I-132, I-133 and Te-132 concentrations in air at a fixed point in March 2011 were the first ones for Fukushima prefecture. The results at five monitoring posts near Fukushima Daiichi Nuclear Power Station were used to characterize radionuclides in the plume before March 15, soon after the accident. The results at three monitoring posts, Naraha-town Shoukan, Hirono-town Futatsunuma and Fukushima-city Momijiyama, which were analyzed during almost all of March, were used to characterize radionuclides in the plume in the period after March 14. It was fourd that Xe-135 was dominant on March 12 and Te-132 increased from March 13. For the radionuclides of iodine, I-131, I-132 and I-133 were detected with almost the same concentration for the first few days after the reactor shutdown.
2011年3月,福岛县监测站的羽流中Xe-135、I-131、I-132、I-133和Te-132的浓度是利用公众可获得的NaI (Tl)探测器获得的脉冲高度分布来估计的。由于计数率高,需要对脉冲高度分布进行几次修正。利用作者提出的基于峰值计数率时间历史的方法估计了每个监测站周围积累的除Xe-135以外的每种放射性核素对计数率的贡献。羽流中每一种放射性核素的浓度由峰值计数率转换而来,利用egs5代码计算的NaI (Tl)探测器的响应来计算含有放射性核素均匀分布的羽流模型。获得的2011年3月某定点空气中氙-135、碘-131、碘-132、碘-133和Te-132浓度时程为福岛县首次获得的时程。在3月15日事故发生后不久,福岛第一核电站附近的五个监测站的结果被用来表征烟羽中的放射性核素。奈良町寿馆、广野町双沼和福岛市Momijiyama三个监测站的分析结果几乎持续了整个3月,这些结果被用来表征3月14日之后烟羽中的放射性核素。3月12日发现Xe-135占主导地位,从3月13日开始Te-132有所增加。对于碘的放射性核素,在反应堆关闭后的头几天,检测到的I-131、I-132和I-133的浓度几乎相同。
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引用次数: 4
Evaluation of Influence of Splay Fault Growth on Groundwater Flow around Geological Disposal System 斜断层发育对地质处置系统周边地下水流动影响的评价
Pub Date : 2017-01-01 DOI: 10.3327/TAESJ.J16.003
Shizuka Takai, S. Takeda, Ryutaro Sakai, T. Shimada, M. Munakata, T. Tanaka
In geological disposal, the direct effect of active faults on geological repositories is avoided at the stage of site characterization; however, uncertainty remains for the avoidance of faults derived from active faults, which are concealed deep under the ground and are dif fi cult to detect by site investigation. In this research, the in fl uence of the growth of undetected splay faults on a natural barrier in a geological disposal system due to the future action of faults was evaluated. We investigated examples of splay faults in Japan and set conditions for the growth of splay faults. Furthermore, we assumed a disposal site composed of sedimentary rock and made a hydrogeological model of the growth of splay faults. We carried out groundwater fl ow analyses, changing parameters such as the location and depth of the repository and the growth velocity of splay faults. The results indicate that the main fl ow path from the repository is changed into an upward fl ow along the splay fault due to its growth and that the average velocity to the ground surface becomes one or two orders of magnitude higher than that before its growth. The results also suggest that splay fault growth leads to the possibility of the downward fl ow of oxidizing groundwater from the ground surface area.
在地质处置中,在场地表征阶段避免了活动断层对地质处置库的直接影响;然而,由于活动断层隐藏在地下深处,难以通过现场调查发现,因此避免活动断层产生的断层仍然存在不确定性。本研究评估了在地质处置系统中,由于断层的未来作用,未被发现的展断层对自然屏障的影响。我们考察了日本的展断层实例,并为展断层的发育设定了条件。在此基础上,我们假设了一个由沉积岩组成的处置场地,并建立了展张断层发育的水文地质模型。我们进行了地下水流动分析,改变了水库的位置和深度以及展断层的生长速度等参数。结果表明,由于断层发育,从断层库流出的主要流动路径转变为沿断层向上流动,到达地表的平均流速比断层发育前提高了一到两个数量级。结果还表明,断层发育导致氧化地下水从地表向下流动的可能性。
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引用次数: 0
Hydrogen Absorption Behavior on Zirconium under γ-Radiolysis of Nitric Acid Solution 硝酸溶液γ-辐射溶解作用下锆的吸氢行为
Pub Date : 2017-01-01 DOI: 10.3327/TAESJ.J16.018
Y. Ishijima, F. Ueno, H. Abe
Zirconium ( Zr ) has been used as a structural material at the spent nuclear fuel reprocessing plant in Japan because of its excellent corrosion resistance against nitric acid solution. However, radiolytic hydrogen is known to be generated in spent nuclear fuel solution. Zr is known to be highly susceptible to hydrogen embrittlement. Therefore, evaluating the radiolytic hydrogen absorption behavior of Zr in nitric acid solution ( HNO 3 ) is essential. In this study, immersion tests were conducted on Zr in nitric acid solutions under γ -ray irradiation to evaluate its radiolytic hydrogen absorption behavior. Results showed that the hydrogen concentration on Zr increased in both 1 – 3 mol / L HNO 3 and pure water upon irradiation of 5 and 7 kGy / h after immersion. The amount of hydrogen absorption on Zr under γ -ray irradiation had a direct correlation with the amount of radiolytic hydrogen generated in HNO 3 . The results of glow discharge optical emission spectrometry, thermal desorption spectrosco-py, and X-ray diffraction show that the absorbed radiolytic hydrogen generated a hydride on the surface of Zr.
由于锆(Zr)具有优异的耐硝酸腐蚀性能,在日本乏燃料后处理装置中被用作结构材料。然而,已知在乏核燃料溶液中会产生放射性裂变氢。众所周知,Zr对氢脆非常敏感。因此,评价Zr在硝酸溶液(hno3)中的辐射溶氢行为是必要的。在本研究中,对Zr在硝酸溶液中进行了γ射线辐照浸泡试验,以评价其辐射溶氢行为。结果表明:浸泡5、7 kGy / h后,在1 ~ 3 mol / L hno3和纯水中,Zr上的氢浓度均增加;Zr在γ射线照射下的吸氢量与hno3中产生的辐射解氢量有直接关系。辉光发射光谱、热解吸光谱和x射线衍射结果表明,吸收的辐射解氢在Zr表面生成氢化物。
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引用次数: 0
隆起・侵食による地質・地表環境の長期的変動を考慮した地層処分の安全評価手法の開発 考虑到隆起、侵蚀造成的地质、地表环境的长期变动,开发地层处置的安全评价方法
Pub Date : 2017-01-01 DOI: 10.3327/TAESJ.J16.010
K. Wakasugi, M. Yamaguchi, S. Koo, Fumiya Nagao, Tomoko Kato, Yuji Suzuki, T. Ebashi, H. Umeki, Y. Niibori
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引用次数: 0
Proposal of Evaluation Methodology of Multiple-Failure-Initiating Events for Seismic PRA 地震PRA多失效启动事件评价方法的建议
Pub Date : 2017-01-01 DOI: 10.3327/TAESJ.J16.013
H. Muta, K. Muramatsu, Y. Kameko, H. Miura, K. Ogura, Tsuyoshi Uchida
the severe accident the Fukushima-Daiichi nuclear power station, the regulation of nuclear plant safety in Japan was upgraded, and continuous effort to enhance risk management in the medium and long term is required. Seismic risk is important in Japan, and one of the major issues of current probabilistic risk assessment ( PRA ) methodology is the enhancement of seismic PRA including the evaluation of initiating events induced by simultaneous multiple failures of components and of subsequent accident sequences. The Nuclear Regulation Authority ( NRA ) addressed the issue as “…multiple-failure-initiating events should be considered.” In addition, the standard for the procedure of seismic PRA for nuclear power plants in 2015 identifies this issue in the same manner. This study proposes an enhanced seismic PRA methodology considering multiple-failure-initiating events that is expected to contribute to improving the safety of nuclear power plants. This study also discusses the issues that need more research for their resolution.
福岛第一核电站严重事故后,日本核电站安全监管升级,需要持续加强中长期风险管理。地震风险在日本非常重要,当前概率风险评估(PRA)方法的主要问题之一是加强地震概率风险评估,包括评估由多个组件同时失效引起的启动事件和随后的事故序列。核管理委员会(NRA)将这个问题描述为“……应该考虑多重故障启动事件。”此外,2015年的核电站地震PRA程序标准也以同样的方式确定了这一问题。本研究提出了一种考虑多重故障启动事件的增强型地震PRA方法,有望有助于提高核电站的安全性。本研究还讨论了需要进一步研究以解决的问题。
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引用次数: 1
Simulation of Fuel-Coolant Interaction SERENA2 Test based on JASMINE Version 3 基于JASMINE Version 3的燃油-冷却剂相互作用SERENA2试验仿真
Pub Date : 2017-01-01 DOI: 10.3327/taesj.j16.028
Akitoshi Hotta, Akinobu Morita, M. Kajimoto, Y. Maruyama
Among twelve FCI cases examined in the OECD / NEA / CSNI / SERENA2 test series using two facilities, six steam explosion cases, five from TROI and one from KROTOS, were analyzed by JASMINE V.3. The major model parameters were categorized into the “focused zone”, i,e., the core part of interest, and the “peripheral zone”, corresponding to the initial and boundary conditions given intentionally for each test case. For the former, base values established through past validation studies of JASMINE V.3 were applied. The code was modified to implement the measured distribution of the entrained droplet size acquired in TROI – VISU. For the latter, melt release histories were given as a combination of time tables of jet diameter and release velocity that were estimated from image data and transit timing data of the melt leading edge. The base values were shown to predict impulse re-sponses of SERENA2 systematically with a reasonable error band. A statistical analysis based on the LHS method was performed. Uncertainty ranges were given on the basis of measurement errors and past validation studies in the development of JASMINE. Underlying mechanisms causing apparent differences in the mechanical energy conversion ratio between two facilities were studied from the viewpoint of breakup length and trigger timing.
在OECD / NEA / CSNI / SERENA2测试系列中使用两个设备检查的12个FCI案例中,使用JASMINE V.3分析了6个蒸汽爆炸案例,其中5个来自TROI, 1个来自KROTOS。将主要模型参数划分为“聚焦区”,即:,兴趣的核心部分,以及“外围区域”,对应于每个测试用例有意给出的初始条件和边界条件。对于前者,采用过去通过JASMINE V.3验证研究建立的基础值。对代码进行了修改,以实现在TROI - VISU中获得的携带液滴尺寸的测量分布。对于后者,熔体释放历史是由图像数据和熔体前缘过境时间数据估计的射流直径和释放速度的时间表组合给出的。结果表明,该基值能较系统地预测SERENA2的脉冲响应,误差范围合理。基于LHS方法进行了统计分析。不确定度范围是根据测量误差和过去在JASMINE开发中的验证研究给出的。从破裂长度和触发时间的角度研究了两种设备机械能转换率差异的潜在机制。
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引用次数: 3
Analysis of the Effects of Multiple Radionuclide Plumes under Severe Accident Conditions on Environment around a Site Boundary 严重事故条件下多重放射性核素羽流对场址边界环境的影响分析
Pub Date : 2017-01-01 DOI: 10.3327/taesj.j16.033
Kyoko Funayama, M. Kajimoto
In TEPCO’s Fukushima Dai-ichi Nuclear Power Station accident on March 11, 2011, a massive number of radionuclides were released from Unit–1, Unit–2, and Unit–3 to the environment. After the accident, the effects of multiple sources became one of the major topics of discussion in safety assessment. However, these discussions mainly focused on core damage frequencies. In the case of simultaneous accidents at multiple units, it is important to consider not only core damage frequencies but also risks because radionuclides are released from multiple units to the environment. In this study, we analyzed dominant parameters that affect health in the case of multiple sources with a simplified configuration of units. The analytical results show that the probabilities of early health effects near the site boundary depend on the locations of units and the wind direction at the site. They also show that the probabilities of early health effects due to releases from multiple units cannot be calculated by the arithmetic summation of probabilities of early health effects due to releases from single units because, for example, of the nonlinearity due to the threshold of the occurrence probability of early health effects.
在2011年3月11日东京电力公司福岛第一核电站事故中,1号机组、2号机组和3号机组向环境中释放了大量的放射性核素。事故发生后,多源影响成为安全评价的主要议题之一。然而,这些讨论主要集中在核心损伤频率上。在多个机组同时发生事故的情况下,重要的是不仅要考虑堆芯损坏频率,还要考虑风险,因为放射性核素从多个机组释放到环境中。在这项研究中,我们分析了影响健康的主要参数,在多个来源的情况下,简化配置的单位。分析结果表明,在场址边界附近产生早期健康影响的概率取决于单元的位置和场址的风向。他们还表明,由于多个单位释放的早期健康影响的概率不能通过单个单位释放的早期健康影响概率的算术求和来计算,因为,例如,由于早期健康影响发生概率阈值的非线性。
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引用次数: 0
Development of inspection and repair techniques in reactor vessel of experimental fast reactor "Joyo": Retrieval of the bent test subassembly 实验快堆“卓越”号反应堆容器检修技术的发展:弯曲试验组件的检索
Pub Date : 2016-10-06 DOI: 10.3327/TAESJ.J15.032
T. Ashida, Hideaki Ito, Kazuyuki Miyamoto, Toshiyuki Nakamura, K. Koga, Norikazu Oohara, Hiroichi Ino
Takashi ASHIDA, Hideaki ITO, Kazuyuki MIYAMOTO, Toshiyuki NAKAMURA, Kazuhiro KOGA, Norikazu OOHARA and Hiroichi INO Oarai Research and Development Center, Japan Atomic Energy Agency, 4002 Narita, Oarai-machi, Higashiibaraki-gun, Ibaraki 311-1393, Japan Fuji Electric Co., Ltd., 1-1 Tanabeshinden, Kawasaki-ku, Kawasaki 210-9530, Japan (Received March 22, 2016; accepted in revised form June 22, 2016; published online October 6, 2016)
石田隆,伊藤英明,宫本和之,中村俊之,古贺和弘,OOHARA nori和和,INO Hiroichi Oarai研究开发中心,日本原子能机构,成田4002,Oarai町,东城县,茨城县311-1393,日本富士电气有限公司,田边新1-1,川崎区,川崎210-9530,日本(2016年3月22日收到;2016年6月22日以修改后的形式接受;2016年10月6日在线发布)
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引用次数: 0
Development of Security and Safety Fuel for Pu-burner HTGR 钚燃烧器HTGR安全与安全燃料的研制
Pub Date : 2016-07-22 DOI: 10.1115/ICONE25-67530
S. Ueta
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引用次数: 0
期刊
Atomic Energy Society of Japan
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