Faraz Tohidifar, Mohammad Mohammadzadeh, Elnaz Shaseb, Samineh Beheshtirouy, Parvin Sarbakhsh, Saba Ghaffary
Introduction: Hypersensitivity reactions (HSRs), an unpredictable and sometimes harmful reaction, may hamper the effectiveness of chemotherapy and lead to the need for drug switching. The recall of ranitidine from the drug market due to the N-nitrosodimethylamine production necessitates the identification of a proper alternative for the prevention of HSRs. Our study aimed to evaluate the efficacy of oral famotidine in the prevention of HSRs in patients who received chemotherapy agents, particularly platinum-based and taxanes.
Methods: A total of 426 patients who were treated with platinum-based agents or taxanes as part of their regimen were divided into two groups. The famotidine group, including 213 patients, received the standard premedication along with an oral dose of 40 mg famotidine the night before and 1 h prior to the chemotherapy session. The control group, also including 213 patients, received only the standard premedication without famotidine.
Results: Based on the results of this study, six patients in the control group experienced HSRs with a range of varying severities. No HSRs were observed by any of the patients in the famotidine group (p-value = 0.022).
Conclusion: Administration of oral famotidine is beneficial in preventing chemotherapy-induced HSRs.
Clinical trial registration: It was also registered with the Iran Clinical Trial Centre under code IRCT20160310026998N13.
{"title":"Evaluating the Effect of Oral Famotidine in Preventing Hypersensitivity Reactions in Individuals Receiving Platinum-Based Agents or Taxanes.","authors":"Faraz Tohidifar, Mohammad Mohammadzadeh, Elnaz Shaseb, Samineh Beheshtirouy, Parvin Sarbakhsh, Saba Ghaffary","doi":"10.1111/ajco.14154","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/ajco.14154","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>Hypersensitivity reactions (HSRs), an unpredictable and sometimes harmful reaction, may hamper the effectiveness of chemotherapy and lead to the need for drug switching. The recall of ranitidine from the drug market due to the N-nitrosodimethylamine production necessitates the identification of a proper alternative for the prevention of HSRs. Our study aimed to evaluate the efficacy of oral famotidine in the prevention of HSRs in patients who received chemotherapy agents, particularly platinum-based and taxanes.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>A total of 426 patients who were treated with platinum-based agents or taxanes as part of their regimen were divided into two groups. The famotidine group, including 213 patients, received the standard premedication along with an oral dose of 40 mg famotidine the night before and 1 h prior to the chemotherapy session. The control group, also including 213 patients, received only the standard premedication without famotidine.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Based on the results of this study, six patients in the control group experienced HSRs with a range of varying severities. No HSRs were observed by any of the patients in the famotidine group (p-value = 0.022).</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Administration of oral famotidine is beneficial in preventing chemotherapy-induced HSRs.</p><p><strong>Clinical trial registration: </strong>It was also registered with the Iran Clinical Trial Centre under code IRCT20160310026998N13.</p>","PeriodicalId":8633,"journal":{"name":"Asia-Pacific journal of clinical oncology","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2025-02-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143188048","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Alison Luk Young, Melissa McEnallay, Fiona Day, Shalini K Vinod, Emily Stone, Sarah Morris, Elena Stefanovska, Bianca Devitt, Po Yee Yip, Craig Kukard, Abhijit Pal, Vaibhav Thawal, Gavin Wright, Alison Hofman, Heena Sareen, James McLennan, Shuet Oi Wong, Cassandra Rubio, Jennifer Liu, Alexandra Smith, Dimity Betts, Jane Mack, Jennifer Donnelly, Daniel Barker, Christine Paul
Aim: Smoking is a chronic relapsing condition that is under-reported in oncology settings. People who report current smoking (CS) and those who report recently quitting smoking (RQ) should receive cessation support when they are diagnosed with cancer. The study aimed to identify whether differences exist in the smoking cessation support given to CS and RQ in oncology and what advice is given regarding the benefits of cessation.
Method: A survey exploring smoking cessation practices was completed by oncology clinicians (medical, nursing, and allied health) at nine cancer centers in Australia. Data were analyzed using mixed-effects ordinal regression modeling.
Results: Across the 177 clinicians completing the survey, the reported provision of smoking cessation care was significantly higher for CS than for RQ in relation to asking about smoking status (odds ratio [OR] 3.03, p = 0.001), advice on the benefits of quitting (OR 2.86, p = 0.001), and advice to call the Quitline (OR 5.08, p < 0.001). Exploratory analyses indicated doctors and nurse specialists were four times more likely to report referring CS to a Quitline compared to RQ (OR 4.38, p = 0.001; OR 4.29, 95%, p = 0.005, respectively). The cessation benefits that clinicians most often cited to their patients was that quitting "can reduce the chance of developing treatment complications and side effects".
Conclusion: The relative lack of smoking cessation care provided to RQ in oncology suggests that the high risk of smoking relapse is not well-recognized. Greater awareness and training are needed regarding advising RQ about the survival-specific benefits of continuing to not smoke, offering referrals, and offering follow-up support.
{"title":"A Comparison of Australian Oncology Clinicians' Smoking Cessation Care Practices for People Who Currently Smoke Versus Those Who Report Recently Stopping Smoking.","authors":"Alison Luk Young, Melissa McEnallay, Fiona Day, Shalini K Vinod, Emily Stone, Sarah Morris, Elena Stefanovska, Bianca Devitt, Po Yee Yip, Craig Kukard, Abhijit Pal, Vaibhav Thawal, Gavin Wright, Alison Hofman, Heena Sareen, James McLennan, Shuet Oi Wong, Cassandra Rubio, Jennifer Liu, Alexandra Smith, Dimity Betts, Jane Mack, Jennifer Donnelly, Daniel Barker, Christine Paul","doi":"10.1111/ajco.14153","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/ajco.14153","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Aim: </strong>Smoking is a chronic relapsing condition that is under-reported in oncology settings. People who report current smoking (CS) and those who report recently quitting smoking (RQ) should receive cessation support when they are diagnosed with cancer. The study aimed to identify whether differences exist in the smoking cessation support given to CS and RQ in oncology and what advice is given regarding the benefits of cessation.</p><p><strong>Method: </strong>A survey exploring smoking cessation practices was completed by oncology clinicians (medical, nursing, and allied health) at nine cancer centers in Australia. Data were analyzed using mixed-effects ordinal regression modeling.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Across the 177 clinicians completing the survey, the reported provision of smoking cessation care was significantly higher for CS than for RQ in relation to asking about smoking status (odds ratio [OR] 3.03, p = 0.001), advice on the benefits of quitting (OR 2.86, p = 0.001), and advice to call the Quitline (OR 5.08, p < 0.001). Exploratory analyses indicated doctors and nurse specialists were four times more likely to report referring CS to a Quitline compared to RQ (OR 4.38, p = 0.001; OR 4.29, 95%, p = 0.005, respectively). The cessation benefits that clinicians most often cited to their patients was that quitting \"can reduce the chance of developing treatment complications and side effects\".</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>The relative lack of smoking cessation care provided to RQ in oncology suggests that the high risk of smoking relapse is not well-recognized. Greater awareness and training are needed regarding advising RQ about the survival-specific benefits of continuing to not smoke, offering referrals, and offering follow-up support.</p>","PeriodicalId":8633,"journal":{"name":"Asia-Pacific journal of clinical oncology","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2025-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143073557","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Joanna Jane Ludbrook, Mahesh Kumar, Yu Yang Soon, Angela Smith, Girish Mallesara, Eric Hau, Fiona Hegi-Johnson, Shalini Vinod
Shortening treatment time with moderately hypofractionated radiotherapy benefits patients by reducing inconvenience and costs, but its use in the definitive treatment of unresectable Stage 3 non-small cell lung cancer is controversial due to lack of level one evidence and toxicity concerns. Pivotal systemic therapy trials utilize conventionally fractionated chemoradiation at 2 Gy per fraction given over 6 weeks. In practice, 4 weeks of chemoradiation at 2.75 Gy per fraction is sometimes employed to reduce the treatment burden for selected patients, especially those who are older or have comorbidities. It is uncertain if the two fractionation regimens are similar in biologically effectiveness, especially with varying systemic therapy. This systematic review aimed to collate the survival and toxicity outcomes for 4 weeks of moderately hypofractionated chemoradiation, using > 50 -60 Gy in 20 fractions. Eight studies met the eligibility criteria; seven studies were from a database search of MEDLINE, EMBASE, Cochrane Library, and Web of Science and one study was added later. Two studies were prospective randomized trials and six were retrospective cohort studies. No study included immunotherapy. The historical evidence has been limited, but emerging data is promising, especially when compared to outcomes of standard chemoradiation. Thus, further investigation of this strategy is justified.
{"title":"Efficacy and Safety of Four Weeks of Moderately Hypofractionated Chemoradiation for Unresectable, Stage 3 Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer: A Systematic Review.","authors":"Joanna Jane Ludbrook, Mahesh Kumar, Yu Yang Soon, Angela Smith, Girish Mallesara, Eric Hau, Fiona Hegi-Johnson, Shalini Vinod","doi":"10.1111/ajco.14152","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/ajco.14152","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Shortening treatment time with moderately hypofractionated radiotherapy benefits patients by reducing inconvenience and costs, but its use in the definitive treatment of unresectable Stage 3 non-small cell lung cancer is controversial due to lack of level one evidence and toxicity concerns. Pivotal systemic therapy trials utilize conventionally fractionated chemoradiation at 2 Gy per fraction given over 6 weeks. In practice, 4 weeks of chemoradiation at 2.75 Gy per fraction is sometimes employed to reduce the treatment burden for selected patients, especially those who are older or have comorbidities. It is uncertain if the two fractionation regimens are similar in biologically effectiveness, especially with varying systemic therapy. This systematic review aimed to collate the survival and toxicity outcomes for 4 weeks of moderately hypofractionated chemoradiation, using > 50 -60 Gy in 20 fractions. Eight studies met the eligibility criteria; seven studies were from a database search of MEDLINE, EMBASE, Cochrane Library, and Web of Science and one study was added later. Two studies were prospective randomized trials and six were retrospective cohort studies. No study included immunotherapy. The historical evidence has been limited, but emerging data is promising, especially when compared to outcomes of standard chemoradiation. Thus, further investigation of this strategy is justified.</p>","PeriodicalId":8633,"journal":{"name":"Asia-Pacific journal of clinical oncology","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2025-01-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143063418","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Elizabeth A Fradgley, Ben Britton Britton, Jennifer H Martin, Catherine Lucas, Melissa A Carlson, Paula Bridge, Sarah Morris, Gareth Watts, James Lynam, Joseph S Taylor
Introduction: Despite the increased demand for medical cannabis (MC), MASCC guidelines state that there is insufficient evidence of its efficacy and safety. Although research has explored medical professionals' perceptions of MC, there is to our knowledge minimal research exploring patients' perceptions, particularly in an Australian cancer setting.
Methods: A survey of Australian cancer patients attending oncology outpatient clinics was performed. Patients were ≥ 18 years and had a confirmed diagnosis of cancer (solid or hematological).
Results: A total of 413 patients were approached between April 2019 and March 2020 out of which 82% (350) consented to participate. A total of 19% (67/350) were using MC. Despite being used for symptom control, such as pain (61%), and, in some cases for perceived anticancer activity (12% to cure, and 16% to slow the cancer), only a minority of users believed that the evidence was of high quality for these indications (28% for physical benefits and 29% for anticancer activity). Nonusers were even more skeptical of the evidence for these indications (17% and 11%, respectively). Only a minority of patients (31% of users and 8% of nonusers) accessed information on MC from clinicians. Most instead relied on resources such as TV, friends, family, social media, and websites.
Conclusion: This study demonstrates current real-world cancer patients' perceptions on the evidence for MC, the sources of information used to shape their health beliefs, and compares users to nonusers. The results highlight the need for treating teams to combat potential misinformation that patients may be accessing about MC and provide information on treatments with stronger evidence.
{"title":"Patients' Perceptions of the Efficacy, Safety, and Quality of the Evidence of Medicinal Cannabis: A Survey of Australian Cancer Patients.","authors":"Elizabeth A Fradgley, Ben Britton Britton, Jennifer H Martin, Catherine Lucas, Melissa A Carlson, Paula Bridge, Sarah Morris, Gareth Watts, James Lynam, Joseph S Taylor","doi":"10.1111/ajco.14149","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/ajco.14149","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>Despite the increased demand for medical cannabis (MC), MASCC guidelines state that there is insufficient evidence of its efficacy and safety. Although research has explored medical professionals' perceptions of MC, there is to our knowledge minimal research exploring patients' perceptions, particularly in an Australian cancer setting.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>A survey of Australian cancer patients attending oncology outpatient clinics was performed. Patients were ≥ 18 years and had a confirmed diagnosis of cancer (solid or hematological).</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>A total of 413 patients were approached between April 2019 and March 2020 out of which 82% (350) consented to participate. A total of 19% (67/350) were using MC. Despite being used for symptom control, such as pain (61%), and, in some cases for perceived anticancer activity (12% to cure, and 16% to slow the cancer), only a minority of users believed that the evidence was of high quality for these indications (28% for physical benefits and 29% for anticancer activity). Nonusers were even more skeptical of the evidence for these indications (17% and 11%, respectively). Only a minority of patients (31% of users and 8% of nonusers) accessed information on MC from clinicians. Most instead relied on resources such as TV, friends, family, social media, and websites.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>This study demonstrates current real-world cancer patients' perceptions on the evidence for MC, the sources of information used to shape their health beliefs, and compares users to nonusers. The results highlight the need for treating teams to combat potential misinformation that patients may be accessing about MC and provide information on treatments with stronger evidence.</p>","PeriodicalId":8633,"journal":{"name":"Asia-Pacific journal of clinical oncology","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2025-01-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142999196","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Arun A Azad, Howard Gurney, Ainsley Campbell, Jeffrey C Goh, Vivek Rathi
Some patients with metastatic castration-resistant prostate cancer (mCRPC) possess germline or acquired defects in the DNA damage repair (DDR) genes BRCA1 and BRCA2. Tumors with BRCA mutations exhibit sensitivity to poly-ADP ribose polymerase inhibitors (PARPi) such as olaparib and rucaparib. As a result, molecular diagnostic testing to identify patients with BRCA mutations eligible for the PARPi therapy has become an integral component of managing patients with mCRPC. There are practical challenges in the current molecular testing pathway in Australia that can compromise testing success. Testing success is often contingent on quality of tissue handling and laboratory processing techniques to minimize DNA degradation and suboptimal sequencing data quality. Greater adoption of best testing practices in Australia can be facilitated with education and greater awareness of expert recommendations. Here, we provide expert recommendations on how to optimize BRCA molecular diagnostic testing in patients with mCRPC. Optimization and standardization of molecular diagnostic testing will support health care providers and institutes in establishing more efficient testing pathways, enabling access to targeted therapies such as PARPi, and improving patient outcomes.
{"title":"BRCA Mutation Testing in Men with Metastatic Castration-Resistant Prostate Cancer: Practical Guidance for Australian Clinical Practice.","authors":"Arun A Azad, Howard Gurney, Ainsley Campbell, Jeffrey C Goh, Vivek Rathi","doi":"10.1111/ajco.14150","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/ajco.14150","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Some patients with metastatic castration-resistant prostate cancer (mCRPC) possess germline or acquired defects in the DNA damage repair (DDR) genes BRCA1 and BRCA2. Tumors with BRCA mutations exhibit sensitivity to poly-ADP ribose polymerase inhibitors (PARPi) such as olaparib and rucaparib. As a result, molecular diagnostic testing to identify patients with BRCA mutations eligible for the PARPi therapy has become an integral component of managing patients with mCRPC. There are practical challenges in the current molecular testing pathway in Australia that can compromise testing success. Testing success is often contingent on quality of tissue handling and laboratory processing techniques to minimize DNA degradation and suboptimal sequencing data quality. Greater adoption of best testing practices in Australia can be facilitated with education and greater awareness of expert recommendations. Here, we provide expert recommendations on how to optimize BRCA molecular diagnostic testing in patients with mCRPC. Optimization and standardization of molecular diagnostic testing will support health care providers and institutes in establishing more efficient testing pathways, enabling access to targeted therapies such as PARPi, and improving patient outcomes.</p>","PeriodicalId":8633,"journal":{"name":"Asia-Pacific journal of clinical oncology","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2025-01-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142999193","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Aim: Manatū Hauora, the Ministry of Health of New Zealand (NZ), published minimum standards for molecular testing of colorectal cancers (CRCs) in June 2018. These included mismatch repair (MMR) testing at diagnosis and BRAFV600E mutation analysis on newly diagnosed stage IV CRCs. This study aimed to determine the proportion of patients with CRC in the South Island of NZ with metastatic deficient mismatch repair (dMMR) CRC, the proportion of metastatic CRCs and dMMR CRCs that have a BRAFV600E mutation, and audit testing for BRAF mutations and appropriate referral to genetics services.
Methods: People from the South Island with histologically diagnosed colorectal adenocarcinoma between July 1, 2018, and June 30, 2019, were identified by the National Cancer Registry. Data points extracted from the electronic medical record included staging, MMR status, BRAF mutation testing, and genetics referral.
Results: A total of 845 patients met the inclusion criteria; 166 of 845 (19.6%) had dMMR CRC, and of these 130 (78%) had BRAF mutation, 256 patients developed metastatic disease by data cut-off, 20 (7.8%) had dMMR, and 41 (22.2%) had BRAF mutation. When indicated, 275 of 330 (83.3%) were tested for BRAF mutation and 32 of 45 (71.1%) referred to genetics. Compared with other populations, South Island CRC patients had higher rates of dMMR and BRAF mutation.
Conclusion: Less than 10% of patients (n = 20) had metastatic dMMR CRC. These patients could be considered candidates for immune checkpoint inhibitor therapy, a small number that would not significantly burden the NZ health system if funded. The vast majority of dMMR CRC was sporadic. Rates of testing could be improved.
{"title":"Deficient Mismatch Repair and BRAF Mutations in Metastatic Colorectal Cancer in the South Island of New Zealand.","authors":"Jeremy Yap, Sharon Pattison","doi":"10.1111/ajco.14151","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/ajco.14151","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Aim: </strong>Manatū Hauora, the Ministry of Health of New Zealand (NZ), published minimum standards for molecular testing of colorectal cancers (CRCs) in June 2018. These included mismatch repair (MMR) testing at diagnosis and BRAFV600E mutation analysis on newly diagnosed stage IV CRCs. This study aimed to determine the proportion of patients with CRC in the South Island of NZ with metastatic deficient mismatch repair (dMMR) CRC, the proportion of metastatic CRCs and dMMR CRCs that have a BRAFV600E mutation, and audit testing for BRAF mutations and appropriate referral to genetics services.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>People from the South Island with histologically diagnosed colorectal adenocarcinoma between July 1, 2018, and June 30, 2019, were identified by the National Cancer Registry. Data points extracted from the electronic medical record included staging, MMR status, BRAF mutation testing, and genetics referral.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>A total of 845 patients met the inclusion criteria; 166 of 845 (19.6%) had dMMR CRC, and of these 130 (78%) had BRAF mutation, 256 patients developed metastatic disease by data cut-off, 20 (7.8%) had dMMR, and 41 (22.2%) had BRAF mutation. When indicated, 275 of 330 (83.3%) were tested for BRAF mutation and 32 of 45 (71.1%) referred to genetics. Compared with other populations, South Island CRC patients had higher rates of dMMR and BRAF mutation.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Less than 10% of patients (n = 20) had metastatic dMMR CRC. These patients could be considered candidates for immune checkpoint inhibitor therapy, a small number that would not significantly burden the NZ health system if funded. The vast majority of dMMR CRC was sporadic. Rates of testing could be improved.</p>","PeriodicalId":8633,"journal":{"name":"Asia-Pacific journal of clinical oncology","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2025-01-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142977348","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Aim: Breast cancer (BC) is the most frequently diagnosed malignancy worldwide, necessitating continued research into its molecular mechanisms. Circular RNAs (circRNAs) are increasingly recognized for their role in various cancers, including BC. This study explores the role of circRNA kinesin family member 4A (circKIF4A) in BC progression and its underlying molecular mechanisms.
Methods: BC cell lines were cultured, and circKIF4A expression was knocked down. Cell viability, proliferation, migration, and invasion were assessed using the Cell Counting Kit-8, colony formation assay, and Transwell assays. The expression of circKIF4A, miR-874-3p, and glycerophosphodiester phosphodiesterase domain-containing 5 (GDPD5) was quantified using qRT-PCR and Western blot analysis. Subcellular fractionation was performed to localize circKIF4A within the cell. The interactions between circKIF4A and miR-874-3p, as well as between miR-874-3p and GDPD5, were evaluated using RNA pull-down and dual-luciferase assays. Rescue experiments were conducted with miR-874-3p inhibition or GDPD5 overexpression to confirm the mechanistic pathway.
Results: circKIF4A was found to be upregulated in BC cells. Its knockdown significantly inhibited cell proliferation, migration, and invasion. circKIF4A acts as a sponge for miR-874-3p, reducing its expression. miR-874-3p targets and suppresses GDPD5, a key regulator in BC cell growth. Silencing miR-874-3p or overexpressing GDPD5 reversed the tumor-suppressive effects of circKIF4A knockdown.
Conclusion: circKIF4A promotes BC cell proliferation and invasiveness by regulating the miR-874-3p/GDPD5 axis. These findings highlight a potential therapeutic target in BC and contribute to the understanding of circRNA involvement in cancer progression.
{"title":"Molecular Mechanisms of circKIF4A in Breast Cancer Progression.","authors":"Haoyong Liu, Lingdiao Zeng, Huaxiang Chen, Lixue Xu, Chuntong Wang, Dandan Cui, Jing Li, Caozhen Chen","doi":"10.1111/ajco.14141","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/ajco.14141","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Aim: </strong>Breast cancer (BC) is the most frequently diagnosed malignancy worldwide, necessitating continued research into its molecular mechanisms. Circular RNAs (circRNAs) are increasingly recognized for their role in various cancers, including BC. This study explores the role of circRNA kinesin family member 4A (circKIF4A) in BC progression and its underlying molecular mechanisms.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>BC cell lines were cultured, and circKIF4A expression was knocked down. Cell viability, proliferation, migration, and invasion were assessed using the Cell Counting Kit-8, colony formation assay, and Transwell assays. The expression of circKIF4A, miR-874-3p, and glycerophosphodiester phosphodiesterase domain-containing 5 (GDPD5) was quantified using qRT-PCR and Western blot analysis. Subcellular fractionation was performed to localize circKIF4A within the cell. The interactions between circKIF4A and miR-874-3p, as well as between miR-874-3p and GDPD5, were evaluated using RNA pull-down and dual-luciferase assays. Rescue experiments were conducted with miR-874-3p inhibition or GDPD5 overexpression to confirm the mechanistic pathway.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>circKIF4A was found to be upregulated in BC cells. Its knockdown significantly inhibited cell proliferation, migration, and invasion. circKIF4A acts as a sponge for miR-874-3p, reducing its expression. miR-874-3p targets and suppresses GDPD5, a key regulator in BC cell growth. Silencing miR-874-3p or overexpressing GDPD5 reversed the tumor-suppressive effects of circKIF4A knockdown.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>circKIF4A promotes BC cell proliferation and invasiveness by regulating the miR-874-3p/GDPD5 axis. These findings highlight a potential therapeutic target in BC and contribute to the understanding of circRNA involvement in cancer progression.</p>","PeriodicalId":8633,"journal":{"name":"Asia-Pacific journal of clinical oncology","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2025-01-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142943432","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Purpose: Our study aims to evaluate the characteristics of serum soluble PD-1 (sPD-1) and soluble PD-L1 (sPD-L1) levels and their correlations with immune status and prognosis in advanced lung cancer patients.
Methods: Patients diagnosed with advanced lung cancer based on histology or cytology in Peking University People's Hospital from July 2020 to November 2021 were enrolled. Clinicopathological data were recorded and analyzed. Treatment efficacy was evaluated according to RESIST 1.1 criteria. The serum levels of sPD-L1 and sPD-1 were detected by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). Lymphocyte subsets were measured by flow cytometry to evaluate the immune status of the patients.
Results: A total of 65 patients with advanced lung cancer were enrolled. sPD-L1 level in lung cancer patients (15.67 ± 11.09 pg/mL, p = 0.001) was significantly higher than those in healthy controls (5.21 ± 4.46 pg/mL). sPD-1 level did not show a significant difference between patients with lung cancer and healthy controls. sPD-L1 level in patients with progressive disease (PD) was significantly higher than those with partial response (PR) (20.94 ± 8.91 vs. 13.14 ± 12.66 pg/mL, p = 0.033). In treatment-naïve patients, sPD-L1 level was negatively correlated with the lymphocyte ratio (correlation coefficient = -0.452, p = 0.014). Kaplan-Meier survival analysis showed that patients with low sPD-L1 level had a significantly longer progression-free survival (PFS) (10.4 vs. 5.7 months, p = 0.023). However, sPD-1 level did not correlate with lymphocyte subsets or prognosis in overall patients with lung cancer. Subgroup analysis showed that prolonged PFS in patients with low sPD-L1 level was exclusively shown in the NSCLC subgroup, not in the SCLC subgroup. In the subgroups of patients who subsequently received immunotherapy, low sPD-L1 level was correlated with longer PFS in the overall patients and NSCLC patients, and low sPD-1 level was correlated with longer PFS exclusively in NSCLC patients.
Conclusion: Serum sPD-L1 level was higher in patients with advanced lung cancer than healthy individuals, which was negatively correlated with the proportion of lymphocytes and prognosis. Serum sPD-1 level did not show significant difference between patients with lung cancer and healthy individuals, which showed no correlation with lymphocyte subsets and the prognosis of overall patients, except NSCLC patients receiving immunotherapy.
目的:探讨晚期肺癌患者血清可溶性PD-1 (sPD-1)和可溶性PD-L1 (sPD-L1)水平的变化特点及其与免疫状态和预后的关系。方法:选取2020年7月至2021年11月北京大学人民医院经组织学或细胞学检查诊断为晚期肺癌的患者。记录并分析临床病理资料。按照RESIST 1.1标准评价治疗效果。采用酶联免疫吸附试验(ELISA)检测血清sPD-L1和sPD-1水平。采用流式细胞术检测淋巴细胞亚群,评价患者的免疫状态。结果:共纳入65例晚期肺癌患者。肺癌患者sPD-L1水平(15.67±11.09 pg/mL, p = 0.001)显著高于健康对照组(5.21±4.46 pg/mL)。肺癌患者与健康对照组之间sPD-1水平无显著差异。进展性疾病(PD)患者的sPD-L1水平显著高于部分缓解(PR)患者(20.94±8.91 vs. 13.14±12.66 pg/mL, p = 0.033)。treatment-naïve患者sPD-L1水平与淋巴细胞比例呈负相关(相关系数= -0.452,p = 0.014)。Kaplan-Meier生存分析显示,低sPD-L1水平患者的无进展生存期(PFS)显著延长(10.4个月vs. 5.7个月,p = 0.023)。然而,sPD-1水平与整体肺癌患者的淋巴细胞亚群或预后无关。亚组分析显示,低sPD-L1水平患者的PFS延长只出现在NSCLC亚组,而不出现在SCLC亚组。在随后接受免疫治疗的患者亚组中,低sPD-L1水平与整体患者和非小细胞肺癌患者的PFS延长相关,低sPD-1水平仅与非小细胞肺癌患者的PFS延长相关。结论:晚期肺癌患者血清sPD-L1水平高于健康人群,且与淋巴细胞比例及预后呈负相关。血清sPD-1水平在肺癌患者与健康个体之间无显著差异,与淋巴细胞亚群及整体患者预后无相关性,但接受免疫治疗的非小细胞肺癌患者除外。
{"title":"Characteristics of Soluble PD-L1 and PD-1 Expression and Their Correlations With Immune Status and Prognosis in Advanced Lung Cancer.","authors":"Ran Li, Hongge Liang, Ying Shang, Zhengwu Yang, Keqiang Wang, Donghong Yang, Jing Bao, Wen Xi, Dexun Zhou, Wentao Ni, Zhancheng Gao, Xinlin Mu","doi":"10.1111/ajco.14145","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/ajco.14145","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Purpose: </strong>Our study aims to evaluate the characteristics of serum soluble PD-1 (sPD-1) and soluble PD-L1 (sPD-L1) levels and their correlations with immune status and prognosis in advanced lung cancer patients.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Patients diagnosed with advanced lung cancer based on histology or cytology in Peking University People's Hospital from July 2020 to November 2021 were enrolled. Clinicopathological data were recorded and analyzed. Treatment efficacy was evaluated according to RESIST 1.1 criteria. The serum levels of sPD-L1 and sPD-1 were detected by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). Lymphocyte subsets were measured by flow cytometry to evaluate the immune status of the patients.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>A total of 65 patients with advanced lung cancer were enrolled. sPD-L1 level in lung cancer patients (15.67 ± 11.09 pg/mL, p = 0.001) was significantly higher than those in healthy controls (5.21 ± 4.46 pg/mL). sPD-1 level did not show a significant difference between patients with lung cancer and healthy controls. sPD-L1 level in patients with progressive disease (PD) was significantly higher than those with partial response (PR) (20.94 ± 8.91 vs. 13.14 ± 12.66 pg/mL, p = 0.033). In treatment-naïve patients, sPD-L1 level was negatively correlated with the lymphocyte ratio (correlation coefficient = -0.452, p = 0.014). Kaplan-Meier survival analysis showed that patients with low sPD-L1 level had a significantly longer progression-free survival (PFS) (10.4 vs. 5.7 months, p = 0.023). However, sPD-1 level did not correlate with lymphocyte subsets or prognosis in overall patients with lung cancer. Subgroup analysis showed that prolonged PFS in patients with low sPD-L1 level was exclusively shown in the NSCLC subgroup, not in the SCLC subgroup. In the subgroups of patients who subsequently received immunotherapy, low sPD-L1 level was correlated with longer PFS in the overall patients and NSCLC patients, and low sPD-1 level was correlated with longer PFS exclusively in NSCLC patients.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Serum sPD-L1 level was higher in patients with advanced lung cancer than healthy individuals, which was negatively correlated with the proportion of lymphocytes and prognosis. Serum sPD-1 level did not show significant difference between patients with lung cancer and healthy individuals, which showed no correlation with lymphocyte subsets and the prognosis of overall patients, except NSCLC patients receiving immunotherapy.</p>","PeriodicalId":8633,"journal":{"name":"Asia-Pacific journal of clinical oncology","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2025-01-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142926334","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Mohammad Bilal Alsavaf, Majd Issa, Brett G Klamer, Marium Husain, Khaled Dibs, Xueliang Pan, John C Grecula, Matthew O Old, David Konieczkowski, Darrion L Mitchell, Sujith Baliga, Ricardo L Carrau, James W Rocco, Marcelo Bonomi, Dukagjin M Blakaj, Priyanka Bhateja
Aim: The response rates to immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICI) remain low (13%-20%) in metastatic head and neck cancer patients, indicating an urgent need to better understand factors predictive of response to these agents. This study explored the impact of smoking status, marijuana use, and alcohol consumption on treatment outcomes in recurrent-metastatic (R/M) head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC) patients treated with ICI.
Methods: A retrospective analysis was performed on 201 R/M HNSCC patients treated with ICI between January 15th 2016 and April 9th 2020 at a single institution.
Results: Gender: 154 male (77%), 47 female (23%). Median age 61 (IQR: 55-68). ICI drug: pembrolizumab 100 (50%), nivolumab 91 (45%), nivolumab + ipilimumab 10 (5%). Line of therapy: first: 98 (49%), second and beyond: 103 (51%). Tumor site: oropharynx 84 (42%), oral cavity 45 (22%), larynx 26 (13%), other sites 46 (23%). p16 tumor status: negative 132 (66%), positive 69 (34%). Smoking status: former 111 (55%), never 54 (27%), current 36 (18%), median pack-year 18 (IQR: 0-37). Alcohol use: yes 110 (55%), no 91 (54%). Marijuana use: yes 47 (23%), no 154 (77%). Overall response rate: 36 (18%). Median OS: 12 months (95% CI: 9.4-14.8). Tobacco: former (HR: 0.75, 95% CI: 0.50, 1.11), current (HR: 0.58, 95% CI: 0.33, 1.02). Marijuana: yes (HR: 0.93, 95% CI: 0.58, 1.49). Alcohol: yes (HR: 1.04, 95% CI: 0.72, 1.49).
Conclusion: In our cohort, smoking status, marijuana use, and alcohol consumption did not have a statistically significant impact on OS in patients with R/M HNSCC treated with ICI.
{"title":"Impact of Tobacco, Marijuana, and Alcohol Use on Overall Survival in Recurrent Metastatic Head and Neck Cancer Patients Treated With Immune Checkpoint Inhibitors.","authors":"Mohammad Bilal Alsavaf, Majd Issa, Brett G Klamer, Marium Husain, Khaled Dibs, Xueliang Pan, John C Grecula, Matthew O Old, David Konieczkowski, Darrion L Mitchell, Sujith Baliga, Ricardo L Carrau, James W Rocco, Marcelo Bonomi, Dukagjin M Blakaj, Priyanka Bhateja","doi":"10.1111/ajco.14135","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/ajco.14135","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Aim: </strong>The response rates to immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICI) remain low (13%-20%) in metastatic head and neck cancer patients, indicating an urgent need to better understand factors predictive of response to these agents. This study explored the impact of smoking status, marijuana use, and alcohol consumption on treatment outcomes in recurrent-metastatic (R/M) head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC) patients treated with ICI.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>A retrospective analysis was performed on 201 R/M HNSCC patients treated with ICI between January 15th 2016 and April 9th 2020 at a single institution.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Gender: 154 male (77%), 47 female (23%). Median age 61 (IQR: 55-68). ICI drug: pembrolizumab 100 (50%), nivolumab 91 (45%), nivolumab + ipilimumab 10 (5%). Line of therapy: first: 98 (49%), second and beyond: 103 (51%). Tumor site: oropharynx 84 (42%), oral cavity 45 (22%), larynx 26 (13%), other sites 46 (23%). p16 tumor status: negative 132 (66%), positive 69 (34%). Smoking status: former 111 (55%), never 54 (27%), current 36 (18%), median pack-year 18 (IQR: 0-37). Alcohol use: yes 110 (55%), no 91 (54%). Marijuana use: yes 47 (23%), no 154 (77%). Overall response rate: 36 (18%). Median OS: 12 months (95% CI: 9.4-14.8). Tobacco: former (HR: 0.75, 95% CI: 0.50, 1.11), current (HR: 0.58, 95% CI: 0.33, 1.02). Marijuana: yes (HR: 0.93, 95% CI: 0.58, 1.49). Alcohol: yes (HR: 1.04, 95% CI: 0.72, 1.49).</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>In our cohort, smoking status, marijuana use, and alcohol consumption did not have a statistically significant impact on OS in patients with R/M HNSCC treated with ICI.</p>","PeriodicalId":8633,"journal":{"name":"Asia-Pacific journal of clinical oncology","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2024-12-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142863161","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Thai Van Pham, Thanh Ha Vu, Hoa Thai Thi Nguyen, Phuong Cam Pham, Anh Tu Do, Tuan Khoi Nguyen, Thi Anh Thu Hoang, Tuan Anh Le, Dinh Thy Hao Vuong, Dac Nhan Tam Nguyen, Van Khiem Dang, Thi Oanh Nguyen, Van Luan Pham, Minh Hai Nguyen, Thi Huyen Trang Vo, Khoa Trong Mai, Hung Kien Do, Thi Thuy Hang Nguyen, Le Huy Trinh, Hoang Gia Nguyen, Cong Minh Truong, Tran Minh Chau Pham
Introduction: The role of afatinib in the first-line treatment of EGFR-mutant advanced non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) patients has been proven through clinical trials and real-world studies. However, additional data on the effectiveness of afatinib in patients with brain metastases are lacking.
Methods: EGFR-mutant NSCLC patients with brain metastases were retrospectively reviewed across nine cancer centers in Vietnam from April 1, 2018 to June 1, 2022. The primary endpoints included central nervous system progression-free survival (CNS-PFS) and overall survival (OS). The secondary endpoints were the objective response rate (ORR) and CNS-ORR.
Results: Among 87 enrolled patients, 21.8%, 17.2%, and 60.9% received whole-brain radiation, gamma knife, and no locoregional therapy, respectively. With a median follow-up of 32.2 months for CNS-PFS and 35.3 months for OS, the median CNS-PFS and OS were 17.9 and 29.9 months, respectively. In multivariate analysis, patients receiving whole-brain radiation had significantly shorter CNS-PFS than those untreated with local therapy (16.1 vs. 22.6 months, p = 0.019), but not translating to an inferior OS. Furthermore, both the CNS-PFS and OS of patients with uncommon mutations were significantly worse than those of patients with Del19 (11.3 vs. 24.2 months, p = 0.013 and 17.7 vs. 34.0 months, p = 0.003, respectively). Univariate and multivariate analyses showed that a lower afatinib starting dose did not significantly affect CNS-PFS or OS. The CNS-ORR and ORR were 77.4% and 71.3%, respectively.
Conclusion: In our real-world study, afatinib showed encouraging effectiveness in Vietnamese patients with EGFR-mutant NSCLC and brain metastases at baseline.
简介:阿法替尼在egfr突变晚期非小细胞肺癌(NSCLC)患者一线治疗中的作用已通过临床试验和现实世界研究得到证实。然而,关于阿法替尼在脑转移患者中的有效性的其他数据缺乏。方法:回顾性分析2018年4月1日至2022年6月1日越南9个癌症中心的egfr突变NSCLC脑转移患者。主要终点包括中枢神经系统无进展生存期(CNS-PFS)和总生存期(OS)。次要终点为客观缓解率(ORR)和CNS-ORR。结果:87例入组患者中,21.8%、17.2%和60.9%分别接受了全脑放疗、伽玛刀治疗和无局部治疗。CNS-PFS组和OS组的中位随访时间分别为32.2个月和35.3个月,CNS-PFS和OS组的中位随访时间分别为17.9个月和29.9个月。在多变量分析中,接受全脑放疗的患者的CNS-PFS明显短于未接受局部治疗的患者(16.1个月vs. 22.6个月,p = 0.019),但并未转化为较差的OS。此外,不常见突变患者的CNS-PFS和OS均明显差于Del19患者(分别为11.3 vs. 24.2个月,p = 0.013和17.7 vs. 34.0个月,p = 0.003)。单因素和多因素分析显示,较低的阿法替尼起始剂量对CNS-PFS或OS没有显著影响。CNS-ORR和ORR分别为77.4%和71.3%。结论:在我们真实世界的研究中,阿法替尼在基线egfr突变的越南NSCLC和脑转移患者中显示出令人鼓舞的有效性。
{"title":"The Effectiveness of Afatinib as First-Line Treatment in Vietnamese Patients With EGFR-Mutant Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer and Brain Metastases.","authors":"Thai Van Pham, Thanh Ha Vu, Hoa Thai Thi Nguyen, Phuong Cam Pham, Anh Tu Do, Tuan Khoi Nguyen, Thi Anh Thu Hoang, Tuan Anh Le, Dinh Thy Hao Vuong, Dac Nhan Tam Nguyen, Van Khiem Dang, Thi Oanh Nguyen, Van Luan Pham, Minh Hai Nguyen, Thi Huyen Trang Vo, Khoa Trong Mai, Hung Kien Do, Thi Thuy Hang Nguyen, Le Huy Trinh, Hoang Gia Nguyen, Cong Minh Truong, Tran Minh Chau Pham","doi":"10.1111/ajco.14147","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/ajco.14147","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>The role of afatinib in the first-line treatment of EGFR-mutant advanced non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) patients has been proven through clinical trials and real-world studies. However, additional data on the effectiveness of afatinib in patients with brain metastases are lacking.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>EGFR-mutant NSCLC patients with brain metastases were retrospectively reviewed across nine cancer centers in Vietnam from April 1, 2018 to June 1, 2022. The primary endpoints included central nervous system progression-free survival (CNS-PFS) and overall survival (OS). The secondary endpoints were the objective response rate (ORR) and CNS-ORR.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Among 87 enrolled patients, 21.8%, 17.2%, and 60.9% received whole-brain radiation, gamma knife, and no locoregional therapy, respectively. With a median follow-up of 32.2 months for CNS-PFS and 35.3 months for OS, the median CNS-PFS and OS were 17.9 and 29.9 months, respectively. In multivariate analysis, patients receiving whole-brain radiation had significantly shorter CNS-PFS than those untreated with local therapy (16.1 vs. 22.6 months, p = 0.019), but not translating to an inferior OS. Furthermore, both the CNS-PFS and OS of patients with uncommon mutations were significantly worse than those of patients with Del19 (11.3 vs. 24.2 months, p = 0.013 and 17.7 vs. 34.0 months, p = 0.003, respectively). Univariate and multivariate analyses showed that a lower afatinib starting dose did not significantly affect CNS-PFS or OS. The CNS-ORR and ORR were 77.4% and 71.3%, respectively.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>In our real-world study, afatinib showed encouraging effectiveness in Vietnamese patients with EGFR-mutant NSCLC and brain metastases at baseline.</p>","PeriodicalId":8633,"journal":{"name":"Asia-Pacific journal of clinical oncology","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2024-12-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142845714","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}