Pub Date : 2021-09-02DOI: 10.1080/03122417.2021.1966877
Ian J. McNiven
objects they describe. The stories included take the reader on a journey around the world, from the Americas and the United Kingdom and Ireland to Africa and the Middle East, Europe and the Pacific. A few stories are closer to home, including those of the editors, but overall, the book is decidedly cosmopolitan. Many of the stories also provide a virtual trip through time, as we are invited to reflect on the origins of human tool making (in the Acheulean), to ponder over Neolithic and Bronze age artefact encounters, to reconsider objects from the colonial period and dip into the nostalgia of objects from our shared contemporary pasts. A closing summary for the book is provided by Jane Lydon, who asks us to declare our feelings for objects (p.210) by embracing the various affective responses to the aesthetic and tactile qualities of materials and to carefully consider the ways in which objects are imbued with meanings of all kinds. Such an approach, she says, allows for a critical proximity (p.211) that helps to affect change through self-reflection and consideration of one’s own context and motives. Lydon also provides an excellent summary of the narratives collated, weaving together broader themes such as emotion, memory, postcolonialism, materiality and empathy. In honour of Object Stories’ appeal to archaeologists to share the intimate encounters they experience with objects, I have shared the rather ordinary story of my copy of this book. For me, Object Stories will be forever associated with the pandemic and the ways in which I struggled to ‘carry on’ with work and academic commitments in an era of astonishing global change. It will always be closely associated with the assemblage of domestic objects that circulated around me during our 2020–2021 ‘lockdown’ years. I wonder whether, if I had read Object Stories when I first received it, I would have truly appreciated the stories of travel and connection that the book details. The type of global fieldwork described here would no doubt be very difficult now. In an era where global movement has been restricted like never before (in modern times at least), our ability to connect with differing cultures, people, places and objects is woefully, greatly constrained. Now, more than ever, the storytelling in Object Stories has the power to transport the reader to other worlds and times and evokes a particular emotive response that I suspect will be familiar to most heritage practitioners (whether or not they might admit it). Object Stories is an engaging read for any archaeologist, although I am sure you do not need to be an archaeologist to enjoy it.
{"title":"Recording Kastom: Alfred Haddon’s Journals from the Torres Strait and New Guinea, 1888 and 1898","authors":"Ian J. McNiven","doi":"10.1080/03122417.2021.1966877","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/03122417.2021.1966877","url":null,"abstract":"objects they describe. The stories included take the reader on a journey around the world, from the Americas and the United Kingdom and Ireland to Africa and the Middle East, Europe and the Pacific. A few stories are closer to home, including those of the editors, but overall, the book is decidedly cosmopolitan. Many of the stories also provide a virtual trip through time, as we are invited to reflect on the origins of human tool making (in the Acheulean), to ponder over Neolithic and Bronze age artefact encounters, to reconsider objects from the colonial period and dip into the nostalgia of objects from our shared contemporary pasts. A closing summary for the book is provided by Jane Lydon, who asks us to declare our feelings for objects (p.210) by embracing the various affective responses to the aesthetic and tactile qualities of materials and to carefully consider the ways in which objects are imbued with meanings of all kinds. Such an approach, she says, allows for a critical proximity (p.211) that helps to affect change through self-reflection and consideration of one’s own context and motives. Lydon also provides an excellent summary of the narratives collated, weaving together broader themes such as emotion, memory, postcolonialism, materiality and empathy. In honour of Object Stories’ appeal to archaeologists to share the intimate encounters they experience with objects, I have shared the rather ordinary story of my copy of this book. For me, Object Stories will be forever associated with the pandemic and the ways in which I struggled to ‘carry on’ with work and academic commitments in an era of astonishing global change. It will always be closely associated with the assemblage of domestic objects that circulated around me during our 2020–2021 ‘lockdown’ years. I wonder whether, if I had read Object Stories when I first received it, I would have truly appreciated the stories of travel and connection that the book details. The type of global fieldwork described here would no doubt be very difficult now. In an era where global movement has been restricted like never before (in modern times at least), our ability to connect with differing cultures, people, places and objects is woefully, greatly constrained. Now, more than ever, the storytelling in Object Stories has the power to transport the reader to other worlds and times and evokes a particular emotive response that I suspect will be familiar to most heritage practitioners (whether or not they might admit it). Object Stories is an engaging read for any archaeologist, although I am sure you do not need to be an archaeologist to enjoy it.","PeriodicalId":8648,"journal":{"name":"Australian Archaeology","volume":"87 1","pages":"336 - 339"},"PeriodicalIF":1.1,"publicationDate":"2021-09-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43702492","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"历史学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-09-02DOI: 10.1080/03122417.2021.1975742
I. Ward, Michael O’Leary, M. Key, A. Carson
We appreciate the opportunity to respond to the arguments put forward by Bird et al. against the premise of a long-distance source and trade of bryozoan fossiliferous chert across southern Australia. Given the long-standing enigma of fossiliferous chert artefacts and their apparent offshore source, it is appropriate for there to be some debate when this enigma is challenged. However, it is difficult to understand why Bird et al. ignore the geological evidence that indicates unequivocally that the source of fossiliferous chert cannot be from the Perth Basin (O’Leary et al. 2017), and offer no alternative source. Bird et al. themselves seem to acknowledge, with reference to Glover (1975a), that ‘no local sources [of fossiliferous chert] are known, but it most closely resembles chert from the Eucla area’. As noted in O’Leary et al. (2017:37), the idea of a transport pathway of Eocene-age fossiliferous chert along the south coast (from Eucla) was first proposed by Glover and Cockbain (1971). Only after petroleum exploration wells were drilled on the Rottnest Shelf, which contained bands of fossiliferous chert, did Glover (1975a, 1975b) and Quilty (1978) opt for an offshore source. This change in thinking was considered to account for the apparent westward increase in frequency of chert artefacts, absence of a suitable local onshore chert source, and absence of chert artefacts in strata younger than 4.5 ka. The latter was attributed to an elimination of source following post-glacial flooding of the continental shelf. Yet an offshore source in the Perth Basin remains unlikely given that the well data show chert bands in Eocene to Miocene age formations (a similar age to the chert deposits on the Nullarbor) at depths of 50 400m below lowest sea levels at the Last Glacial Maximum (LGM). Critically, chert can only form under pressure from burial. There are extensive supporting datasets including geological (e.g. borehole), geochronological (Glover and Cockbain 1971), geophysical (e.g. shallow seismic) and neotectonic evidence that show the surficial and shallow subsurface sediments of the Rottnest Shelf consist of Pleistocene marine calcarenites. It is a geological impossibility for in situ Eocene chert deposits to exist at or just below the seabed on the Rottnest Shelf where it could be accessed as a resource. The main part of Bird et al.’s argument revolves around the distance-from-material-source concept, namely that raw material distribution declines with increasing distance from source. While this decline may exist for local Plantagenet chert, this trend (effect) and the various processes that are involved in making it (cause) may not hold up when considering material sources over distances of hundreds of kilometres where research and preservation bias are significant factors. Even within the Perth region, Bird et al.’s figure highlights the distribution of sites with fossiliferous chert in a broad arc around the Perth floodplain. This mirrors the di
{"title":"Response to comment on Ward et al.’s ‘Insights into the procurement and distribution of fossiliferous chert artefacts across southern Australia from the archival record’","authors":"I. Ward, Michael O’Leary, M. Key, A. Carson","doi":"10.1080/03122417.2021.1975742","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/03122417.2021.1975742","url":null,"abstract":"We appreciate the opportunity to respond to the arguments put forward by Bird et al. against the premise of a long-distance source and trade of bryozoan fossiliferous chert across southern Australia. Given the long-standing enigma of fossiliferous chert artefacts and their apparent offshore source, it is appropriate for there to be some debate when this enigma is challenged. However, it is difficult to understand why Bird et al. ignore the geological evidence that indicates unequivocally that the source of fossiliferous chert cannot be from the Perth Basin (O’Leary et al. 2017), and offer no alternative source. Bird et al. themselves seem to acknowledge, with reference to Glover (1975a), that ‘no local sources [of fossiliferous chert] are known, but it most closely resembles chert from the Eucla area’. As noted in O’Leary et al. (2017:37), the idea of a transport pathway of Eocene-age fossiliferous chert along the south coast (from Eucla) was first proposed by Glover and Cockbain (1971). Only after petroleum exploration wells were drilled on the Rottnest Shelf, which contained bands of fossiliferous chert, did Glover (1975a, 1975b) and Quilty (1978) opt for an offshore source. This change in thinking was considered to account for the apparent westward increase in frequency of chert artefacts, absence of a suitable local onshore chert source, and absence of chert artefacts in strata younger than 4.5 ka. The latter was attributed to an elimination of source following post-glacial flooding of the continental shelf. Yet an offshore source in the Perth Basin remains unlikely given that the well data show chert bands in Eocene to Miocene age formations (a similar age to the chert deposits on the Nullarbor) at depths of 50 400m below lowest sea levels at the Last Glacial Maximum (LGM). Critically, chert can only form under pressure from burial. There are extensive supporting datasets including geological (e.g. borehole), geochronological (Glover and Cockbain 1971), geophysical (e.g. shallow seismic) and neotectonic evidence that show the surficial and shallow subsurface sediments of the Rottnest Shelf consist of Pleistocene marine calcarenites. It is a geological impossibility for in situ Eocene chert deposits to exist at or just below the seabed on the Rottnest Shelf where it could be accessed as a resource. The main part of Bird et al.’s argument revolves around the distance-from-material-source concept, namely that raw material distribution declines with increasing distance from source. While this decline may exist for local Plantagenet chert, this trend (effect) and the various processes that are involved in making it (cause) may not hold up when considering material sources over distances of hundreds of kilometres where research and preservation bias are significant factors. Even within the Perth region, Bird et al.’s figure highlights the distribution of sites with fossiliferous chert in a broad arc around the Perth floodplain. This mirrors the di","PeriodicalId":8648,"journal":{"name":"Australian Archaeology","volume":"87 1","pages":"330 - 332"},"PeriodicalIF":1.1,"publicationDate":"2021-09-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43282127","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"历史学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-08-30DOI: 10.1080/03122417.2021.1960248
J. McCarthy, C. Wiseman, Katherine Woo, D. Steinberg, M. O’Leary, Daryl Wesley, L. Brady, Sean Ulm, J. Benjamin
Regional-scale assessments have proven to be invaluable frameworks for research, public engagement and management of submerged archaeological landscapes. Regional-scale approaches have been impleme...
区域规模评估已被证明是研究、公众参与和管理淹没考古景观的宝贵框架。区域尺度的方法已经很简单。。。
{"title":"Beneath the Top End: A regional assessment of submerged archaeological potential in the Northern Territory, Australia","authors":"J. McCarthy, C. Wiseman, Katherine Woo, D. Steinberg, M. O’Leary, Daryl Wesley, L. Brady, Sean Ulm, J. Benjamin","doi":"10.1080/03122417.2021.1960248","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/03122417.2021.1960248","url":null,"abstract":"Regional-scale assessments have proven to be invaluable frameworks for research, public engagement and management of submerged archaeological landscapes. Regional-scale approaches have been impleme...","PeriodicalId":8648,"journal":{"name":"Australian Archaeology","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.1,"publicationDate":"2021-08-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44783269","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"历史学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-08-30DOI: 10.1080/03122417.2021.1949085
Jerem Leach, C. Wiseman, M. O’Leary, J. McDonald, J. McCarthy, Patrick Morrison, P. Jeffries, J. Hacker, Sean Ulm, G. Bailey, J. Benjamin
Abstract Recent studies conducted in Murujuga Sea Country have confirmed that Indigenous Australian archaeology does not end at the modern shore. Since the earliest peopling of the Australian continent, sea levels have fluctuated significantly, dropping as much as 130 m below modern mean sea-level during the Last Glacial Maximum (LGM). During this period, the continent (including Australia and New Guinea) represented a landmass one-third larger than present day Australia. As sea levels rose following the LGM, this extensive cultural landscape was inundated. The recent reporting of archaeological remains in a submerged context at Murujuga has enabled an integrated analysis of the archaeological landscape, based on direct evidence from archaeological sites that were originally formed on dry land, but are now located in intertidal and submerged environments. This study applies a landscape analysis centred on the submerged Cape Bruguieres channel site, and the Gidley Islands, where submerged, intertidal and coastal archaeology has been recorded. Aerial, pedestrian, and intertidal archaeological surveys were conducted to investigate the onshore and offshore landscape, providing new evidence with which to place the stone artefacts in the Cape Bruguieres channel into a wider context. Rock art engravings, grinding patches, quarries and upstanding stones – some of which are in the intertidal zone – point to the use of a landscape that is now submerged and to the possibility of discovering new underwater sites. By integrating evidence from subtidal and intertidal contexts with the onshore record, we explore the cultural landscape above and below the ‘waterline’ as a continuum.
{"title":"The integrated cultural landscape of North Gidley Island: Coastal, intertidal and nearshore archaeology in Murujuga (Dampier Archipelago), Western Australia","authors":"Jerem Leach, C. Wiseman, M. O’Leary, J. McDonald, J. McCarthy, Patrick Morrison, P. Jeffries, J. Hacker, Sean Ulm, G. Bailey, J. Benjamin","doi":"10.1080/03122417.2021.1949085","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/03122417.2021.1949085","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract Recent studies conducted in Murujuga Sea Country have confirmed that Indigenous Australian archaeology does not end at the modern shore. Since the earliest peopling of the Australian continent, sea levels have fluctuated significantly, dropping as much as 130 m below modern mean sea-level during the Last Glacial Maximum (LGM). During this period, the continent (including Australia and New Guinea) represented a landmass one-third larger than present day Australia. As sea levels rose following the LGM, this extensive cultural landscape was inundated. The recent reporting of archaeological remains in a submerged context at Murujuga has enabled an integrated analysis of the archaeological landscape, based on direct evidence from archaeological sites that were originally formed on dry land, but are now located in intertidal and submerged environments. This study applies a landscape analysis centred on the submerged Cape Bruguieres channel site, and the Gidley Islands, where submerged, intertidal and coastal archaeology has been recorded. Aerial, pedestrian, and intertidal archaeological surveys were conducted to investigate the onshore and offshore landscape, providing new evidence with which to place the stone artefacts in the Cape Bruguieres channel into a wider context. Rock art engravings, grinding patches, quarries and upstanding stones – some of which are in the intertidal zone – point to the use of a landscape that is now submerged and to the possibility of discovering new underwater sites. By integrating evidence from subtidal and intertidal contexts with the onshore record, we explore the cultural landscape above and below the ‘waterline’ as a continuum.","PeriodicalId":8648,"journal":{"name":"Australian Archaeology","volume":"87 1","pages":"251 - 267"},"PeriodicalIF":1.1,"publicationDate":"2021-08-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47107035","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"历史学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-08-10DOI: 10.1080/03122417.2021.1955597
S. Munt, T. Owen
Abstract Since permanent colonial incursion in 1788, Aboriginal groups around Australia incorporated introduced materials for a variety of tasks. However, relatively little is known about Aboriginal uses of bottle glass and ceramic flakes because there have only been two published use-wear analyses concerning bottle glass and none for ceramic. Excavations at the historical site of the former Schofields Aerodrome in New South Wales yielded flakes of both materials as well as introduced flint. We draw on actualistic experiments to inform interpretations of use-wear among the 279 archaeological specimens. Results demonstrate that glass, ceramic and flint were indeed used at the former Schofields Aerodrome site, for tools to work other materials. This is the first evidence for such use of ceramic flakes, which had previously only been known to have been used as end-products, such as spear tips. Use-wear also indicates that, contrary to common assumptions, thicker parts of glass bottles were not always preferred for tools and that across each raw material, tools were predominantly shards rather than intentionally knapped flakes. We infer that while ascribing motives to past behaviours is complex, the use of the introduced materials represents agency in Aboriginal people’s engagement with the incoming colonial culture.
{"title":"Aboriginal uses for introduced glass, ceramic and flint from the former Schofields Aerodrome, Western Sydney (Darug Country), New South Wales","authors":"S. Munt, T. Owen","doi":"10.1080/03122417.2021.1955597","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/03122417.2021.1955597","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract Since permanent colonial incursion in 1788, Aboriginal groups around Australia incorporated introduced materials for a variety of tasks. However, relatively little is known about Aboriginal uses of bottle glass and ceramic flakes because there have only been two published use-wear analyses concerning bottle glass and none for ceramic. Excavations at the historical site of the former Schofields Aerodrome in New South Wales yielded flakes of both materials as well as introduced flint. We draw on actualistic experiments to inform interpretations of use-wear among the 279 archaeological specimens. Results demonstrate that glass, ceramic and flint were indeed used at the former Schofields Aerodrome site, for tools to work other materials. This is the first evidence for such use of ceramic flakes, which had previously only been known to have been used as end-products, such as spear tips. Use-wear also indicates that, contrary to common assumptions, thicker parts of glass bottles were not always preferred for tools and that across each raw material, tools were predominantly shards rather than intentionally knapped flakes. We infer that while ascribing motives to past behaviours is complex, the use of the introduced materials represents agency in Aboriginal people’s engagement with the incoming colonial culture.","PeriodicalId":8648,"journal":{"name":"Australian Archaeology","volume":"88 1","pages":"49 - 64"},"PeriodicalIF":1.1,"publicationDate":"2021-08-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42918879","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"历史学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-05-04DOI: 10.1080/03122417.2021.1932231
C. Shipton, T. Cohen, M. Forbes, Fabian Boesl, Z. Jacobs, R. Dixon, E. Dixon, Susan C. Kingston, Claudette Albert, S. O’Connor
Abstract Lake Woods is a large freshwater body on the northern edge of Australia’s arid zone where research since the late 1960s has suggested late Pleistocene, later Holocene, and recent human occupations. We report on surface collections and test excavations undertaken at four sites on the western side of the lake basin in 2019. Each site produced a distinctive lithic assemblage, characterised by different types of shaped and retouched lithics and grindstones. Some material matches the ethnographic descriptions of W. Murgatroyd and R. Paton of local stone tool technology. Our work also confirms the hypothesis of M. Smith that there was later Holocene occupation in the area; and is not inconsistent with the hypothesis of J. Bowler that there was a late Pleistocene occupation around the lake, but definitive evidence of this remains ambiguous. Grindstones occur at all sites, indicating that the harvesting of grass seeds was consistently an important subsistence component for people living by the lake. Distinctive lithic types are found at Lake Woods that are characteristic either of tropical northern Australia or arid southern Australia, suggesting the lake was an inter-regional locus for human activity and a potential zone of interaction between different groups at various times in the past.
{"title":"Diverse stone artefacts around Lake Woods, Central Northern Territory, Australia","authors":"C. Shipton, T. Cohen, M. Forbes, Fabian Boesl, Z. Jacobs, R. Dixon, E. Dixon, Susan C. Kingston, Claudette Albert, S. O’Connor","doi":"10.1080/03122417.2021.1932231","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/03122417.2021.1932231","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract Lake Woods is a large freshwater body on the northern edge of Australia’s arid zone where research since the late 1960s has suggested late Pleistocene, later Holocene, and recent human occupations. We report on surface collections and test excavations undertaken at four sites on the western side of the lake basin in 2019. Each site produced a distinctive lithic assemblage, characterised by different types of shaped and retouched lithics and grindstones. Some material matches the ethnographic descriptions of W. Murgatroyd and R. Paton of local stone tool technology. Our work also confirms the hypothesis of M. Smith that there was later Holocene occupation in the area; and is not inconsistent with the hypothesis of J. Bowler that there was a late Pleistocene occupation around the lake, but definitive evidence of this remains ambiguous. Grindstones occur at all sites, indicating that the harvesting of grass seeds was consistently an important subsistence component for people living by the lake. Distinctive lithic types are found at Lake Woods that are characteristic either of tropical northern Australia or arid southern Australia, suggesting the lake was an inter-regional locus for human activity and a potential zone of interaction between different groups at various times in the past.","PeriodicalId":8648,"journal":{"name":"Australian Archaeology","volume":"87 1","pages":"156 - 178"},"PeriodicalIF":1.1,"publicationDate":"2021-05-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1080/03122417.2021.1932231","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47432055","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"历史学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-05-04DOI: 10.1080/03122417.2021.1932243
Sally K. May, Daryl Wesley, Joakim Goldhahn, R. Lamilami, P. Taçon
Abstract The contact period rock art of northern Australia provides unprecedented insights into Aboriginal cross-cultural experiences during the last few hundred years. Northwest Arnhem Land, Australia, has an extensive rock art assemblage and a complicated history of interactions between Aboriginal communities and island South East Asians (Macassans), colonists, explorers, missionaries, buffalo shooters, and more. This contact period rock art offers a unique opportunity to explore a variety of questions relating to cross-cultural interactions and artistic responses to new people, objects and ideas. In this paper we argue that a dichotomy exists in the number of European and south-east Asian themed rock art motifs. We suggest that there is an underlying theme in the proliferation of European related imagery relating to threats to Indigenous sovereignty. Our findings suggest that rock art illustrates the Aboriginal community’s responses to both groups and their experience of the existential threat posed by European intruders. The apparent lack of rock art relating to south-east Asian interactions, although perplexing, may in fact provide circumstantial evidence for a very different type of interaction between some northern Australian and south-east Asian communities.
{"title":"The missing Macassans: Indigenous sovereignty, rock art and the archaeology of absence","authors":"Sally K. May, Daryl Wesley, Joakim Goldhahn, R. Lamilami, P. Taçon","doi":"10.1080/03122417.2021.1932243","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/03122417.2021.1932243","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract The contact period rock art of northern Australia provides unprecedented insights into Aboriginal cross-cultural experiences during the last few hundred years. Northwest Arnhem Land, Australia, has an extensive rock art assemblage and a complicated history of interactions between Aboriginal communities and island South East Asians (Macassans), colonists, explorers, missionaries, buffalo shooters, and more. This contact period rock art offers a unique opportunity to explore a variety of questions relating to cross-cultural interactions and artistic responses to new people, objects and ideas. In this paper we argue that a dichotomy exists in the number of European and south-east Asian themed rock art motifs. We suggest that there is an underlying theme in the proliferation of European related imagery relating to threats to Indigenous sovereignty. Our findings suggest that rock art illustrates the Aboriginal community’s responses to both groups and their experience of the existential threat posed by European intruders. The apparent lack of rock art relating to south-east Asian interactions, although perplexing, may in fact provide circumstantial evidence for a very different type of interaction between some northern Australian and south-east Asian communities.","PeriodicalId":8648,"journal":{"name":"Australian Archaeology","volume":"87 1","pages":"127 - 143"},"PeriodicalIF":1.1,"publicationDate":"2021-05-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1080/03122417.2021.1932243","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47463374","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"历史学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-05-04DOI: 10.1080/03122417.2021.1925415
B. White
Abstract It has often been thought that shallow open sites (<50 cm of artefact-bearing deposit) in the undulating landscape of the Cumberland Plain would not retain any chronologically meaningful vertical distributions. The prevailing geomorphic model has proposed that artefacts discarded by people at different times would have been buried and mixed together by bioturbation. To address this model, this paper analyses the vertical distributions of artefacts at 21 open sites and finds that 13 of those sites show vertical variation in the proportions of indurated mudstone/silicified tuff (IMST), silcrete and/or quartz artefacts. The trends shown by the distributions are broadly consistent with a known regional change in raw material use and indicate the survival of some chronologically meaningful artefact variation with depth of the deposit. In addition, sites with increased proportions of older IMST artefacts in deeper deposits tend to be associated with larger streams and tend to occur at low elevations. This suggests that the survival of older artefacts could be related in part to long-term geomorphic processes visible at the landscape scale. The results indicate that sites may have differing histories of visitation, artefact discard, geomorphic processes and survival of evidence, and that careful, stratigraphic excavation is warranted.
{"title":"The survival of artefacts from different historical phases in shallow open sites and the need for spit excavations: An overview from the Cumberland Plain, Western Sydney, Australia","authors":"B. White","doi":"10.1080/03122417.2021.1925415","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/03122417.2021.1925415","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract It has often been thought that shallow open sites (<50 cm of artefact-bearing deposit) in the undulating landscape of the Cumberland Plain would not retain any chronologically meaningful vertical distributions. The prevailing geomorphic model has proposed that artefacts discarded by people at different times would have been buried and mixed together by bioturbation. To address this model, this paper analyses the vertical distributions of artefacts at 21 open sites and finds that 13 of those sites show vertical variation in the proportions of indurated mudstone/silicified tuff (IMST), silcrete and/or quartz artefacts. The trends shown by the distributions are broadly consistent with a known regional change in raw material use and indicate the survival of some chronologically meaningful artefact variation with depth of the deposit. In addition, sites with increased proportions of older IMST artefacts in deeper deposits tend to be associated with larger streams and tend to occur at low elevations. This suggests that the survival of older artefacts could be related in part to long-term geomorphic processes visible at the landscape scale. The results indicate that sites may have differing histories of visitation, artefact discard, geomorphic processes and survival of evidence, and that careful, stratigraphic excavation is warranted.","PeriodicalId":8648,"journal":{"name":"Australian Archaeology","volume":"87 1","pages":"179 - 189"},"PeriodicalIF":1.1,"publicationDate":"2021-05-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1080/03122417.2021.1925415","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45207348","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"历史学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-05-04DOI: 10.1080/03122417.2021.1934987
A. Sneddon
Abstract Developers, the courts and consent agencies are struggling to come to terms with Indigenous heritage places that embody evolving heritage values – places that some anthropologists describe by reference to a process of ‘re-inscription’. In an attempt to predict how the heritage profession will respond to these developments, this article looks back at a comparable case study that involved a ‘re-inscribed’ Indigenous landscape in NSW. It concludes that, in spite of criticisms of commercial heritage consultants made by some theoreticians embedded in academia, the tools for managing such sites have been developed by heritage practitioners over many years, but are commonly inconsistently or poorly applied, if they are applied at all.
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Pub Date : 2021-04-13DOI: 10.1080/03122417.2021.1905995
P. Taçon, Daryl Wesley, Sally K. May
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