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Extracting new information from old stones: An analysis of three quarries in the semi-arid Pilbara region, northwest Australia 从古老的石头中提取新的信息:对澳大利亚西北部半干旱的皮尔巴拉地区三个采石场的分析
IF 1.1 3区 历史学 Q2 ANTHROPOLOGY Pub Date : 2022-08-05 DOI: 10.1080/03122417.2022.2098552
Kane Ditchfield, W. Reynen
Abstract Quarries are important archaeological sites in Australia. They represent the starting point for conditioning variability in stone artefact assemblages (e.g. raw material availability, accessibility, quality, size and shape) and serve as a basis to track human movement from source to discard. Despite this, there is relatively little published research on quarries. For example, in the Pilbara, Western Australia, where stone artefact assemblages are ubiquitous, the paucity of published quarry research makes it difficult to accurately reconstruct patterns of past human behaviour. This research begins to address these issues through the application of a suite of analytical techniques to three quarry sites located in Puutu Kunti Kurrama and Pinikura (PKKP) Country in the inland Pilbara. Some variability in site use and reduction occurs between the three quarries. However, a clear pattern of assemblage formation involving natural heat fracture, non-intensive reduction, core transport, high proportions of non-intensively used tools and non-economic tool selection, was identified at all sites. The results demonstrate clear planning and manipulation of stone resources by Aboriginal people in the raw material rich Hamersley Range and demonstrate the vital importance of quarries as multi-functional locations in understanding wider systems of Aboriginal interaction with the Pilbara landscape.
摘要采石场是澳大利亚重要的考古遗址。它们代表了调节石制品组合可变性的起点(如原材料可用性、可及性、质量、尺寸和形状),并作为跟踪人类从来源到丢弃的移动的基础。尽管如此,发表的关于采石场的研究相对较少。例如,在西澳大利亚的皮尔巴拉,石器组合随处可见,由于缺乏已发表的采石场研究,很难准确重建过去人类行为的模式。本研究通过将一套分析技术应用于位于皮尔巴拉内陆Puutu Kunti Kurrama和Pinikura(PKKP)的三个采石场,开始解决这些问题。三个采石场之间的场地使用和减少存在一些差异。然而,在所有地点都发现了明显的组合形成模式,包括自然热断裂、非密集还原、岩心输送、高比例的非密集使用工具和非经济工具选择。研究结果表明,原材料丰富的哈默斯利山脉的原住民对石头资源进行了明确的规划和操作,并证明了采石场作为多功能场所在理解原住民与皮尔巴拉景观的更广泛互动系统方面的至关重要性。
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引用次数: 1
Earth oven cookery and cuisines in Aboriginal Australia: Ethnographic and ethnohistoric insights from Western Cape York Peninsula and the Southern Murray Darling Basin 澳大利亚原住民的土炉烹饪和美食:来自约克角半岛西部和墨累-达令盆地南部的民族志和民族历史见解
IF 1.1 3区 历史学 Q2 ANTHROPOLOGY Pub Date : 2022-07-19 DOI: 10.1080/03122417.2022.2089395
Michael Morrison, A. Roberts, D. McNaughton, C. Westell, Robert Jones
Abstract Earth oven cookery involves cooking food in pits using hot heating elements, typically over extended periods of time. This technique has been reported in Holocene and Late Pleistocene contexts in Australia, and is of ongoing importance to many Indigenous peoples today. Despite considerable previous work on earth ovens and related sites, few have explored earth oven cookery as a distinctive cultural phenomenon. Here, we investigate the foodways associated with earth ovens drawing on ethnohistoric and ethnographic sources from the southern Murray-Darling Basin and central Western Cape York Peninsula, Australia. While there are many commonalities in earth oven cookery, it was also a highly adaptable practice in terms of the range of foods cooked, oven construction practices, and cooking techniques. People widely used herbs and wrappings to flavour foods, added water to aid the cooking process, and made extensive use of other plant materials to impart flavour, prevent food from burning, while also keeping food free of debris. We show that earth ovens are strongly associated with culturally distinctive cuisines and foodways and an investigation of these cookery practices can enhance our understanding of past social organisation, identity, commensality and the scale of food production.
摘要土炉烹饪涉及到使用加热元件在坑中烹饪食物,通常需要长时间。据报道,这项技术在澳大利亚的全新世和更新世晚期已经出现,对今天的许多土著人民来说具有持续的重要性。尽管之前对土炉和相关遗址进行了大量的研究,但很少有人将土炉烹饪作为一种独特的文化现象来探索。在这里,我们利用澳大利亚墨累-达令盆地南部和约克角半岛中西部的民族历史和民族志资料,调查了与土烤炉相关的饮食方式。虽然土炉烹饪有许多共性,但就烹饪的食物范围、烤箱结构实践和烹饪技术而言,它也是一种适应性很强的实践。人们广泛使用草药和包装来给食物调味,加水来帮助烹饪过程,并广泛使用其他植物材料来赋予味道,防止食物燃烧,同时保持食物没有碎屑。我们发现,土烤炉与文化特色的美食和饮食方式密切相关,对这些烹饪实践的调查可以增强我们对过去社会组织、身份、普遍性和食品生产规模的理解。
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引用次数: 3
Lithic technologies from a stone hut and arrangement complex in Pitta Pitta Country Queensland, and the detection of social learning in archaeology 昆士兰皮塔-皮塔县石屋和布置综合体的照明技术,以及考古中的社会学习检测
IF 1.1 3区 历史学 Q2 ANTHROPOLOGY Pub Date : 2022-05-04 DOI: 10.1080/03122417.2022.2082001
T. Maloney, Lynley A. Wallis, I. Davidson, Heather Burke, B. Barker, Dennis Melville, Geoffrey Jacks, Yinika L. Perston
Abstract Lithic assemblages associated with Indigenous Australian built structures are underexplored. The Hilary Creek Site 1 (HCS1) complex, western Queensland, comprising at least 16 stone-based hut structures and multiple stone arrangements, also contains a surface assemblage of thousands of flaked stone artefacts. Analysis of a sample of this assemblage provides novel insights into the technology and role of flaked stone artefacts at this site, revealing trends in production reminiscent of industries found elsewhere in arid Australia, including the highly standardised tula adze technology. The nature of the HCS1 complex, revealed through a combination of Indigenous knowledge, historical research and archaeology, facilitates exploration of theoretical models seeking to detect aspects of social learning amongst those making flaked stone artefacts. We offer social learning theory as a novel way to expand on the significance of lithic technology at this unique site – a Pitta Pitta place of teaching, learning, and youth initiation – and present new directions for theoretical modelling of flaked stone artefact variability in Australian archaeology.
与澳大利亚土著建筑结构相关的石器组合尚未得到充分探索。Hilary Creek Site 1 (HCS1)综合体位于昆士兰州西部,包括至少16个石制小屋结构和多种石头排列,还包含数千个片状石头人工制品的表面组合。对该组合样品的分析提供了对该地点片状石头人工制品的技术和作用的新见解,揭示了生产趋势,使人想起澳大利亚干旱地区其他地方的工业,包括高度标准化的图拉阿兹技术。HCS1复合体的性质,通过结合土著知识、历史研究和考古学揭示出来,促进了理论模型的探索,旨在发现那些制作鳞片石制工艺品的社会学习方面。我们提供社会学习理论作为一种新的方式来扩展石器技术在这个独特的地点的意义-一个皮塔皮塔的教学,学习和青年启蒙的地方-并为澳大利亚考古学中片状石头人工制品变化的理论建模提供了新的方向。
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引用次数: 1
Marra Wonga: Archaeological and contemporary First Nations interpretations of one of central Queensland’s largest rock art sites 马拉旺加:考古和当代第一民族对昆士兰州中部最大的岩石艺术遗址之一的诠释
IF 1.1 3区 历史学 Q2 ANTHROPOLOGY Pub Date : 2022-05-04 DOI: 10.1080/03122417.2022.2084666
P. Taçon, Suzan K Thompson, Kate Greenwood, A. Jalandoni, Michael Williams, M. Kottermair
Abstract A large sandstone rock art site, Marra Wonga, near Barcaldine, central Queensland, is the focus of this paper. This 160-metre-long rock shelter is estimated to have over 15,000 petroglyphs, which are mostly animal tracks, lines, grooves and drilled holes, as well as 111 hand-related and object stencils. There is also a cluster of human-shaped foot petroglyphs on the floor of the shelter, some with six or more toes. Unique compositions on the shelter wall include seven large, engraved star-like designs with central engraved pits and large, engraved snake-like designs running across and through other petroglyphs. We describe and discuss some of the features of Marra Wonga from archaeological (etic) and ethnographic (emic) perspectives, especially in terms of the significance of a petroglyph of an anthropomorph, seven star-like designs seemingly made as part of a composition, the large snake-like designs, and six-toed human feet. Today, Marra Wonga is a teaching site used to tell important cultural stories that are connected to many other places through the imagery and Dreaming Tracks, as well as a tourist destination managed by the Yambangku Aboriginal Cultural Heritage and Tourism Development Aboriginal Corporation (YACHATDAC), with whom we partnered for this research.
摘要一个大型砂岩艺术遗址,Marra Wonga,位于昆士兰州中部Barcaldine附近,是本文的重点。据估计,这个160米长的岩石避难所有超过15000个岩画,其中大部分是动物的足迹、线条、凹槽和钻孔,还有111个与手有关的和物体的模板。避难所的地板上还有一簇人形的足部岩画,有些有六个或更多的脚趾。避难所墙上独特的构图包括七个中央雕刻坑的大型星形雕刻图案,以及贯穿其他岩画的大型蛇形雕刻图案。我们从考古学(etic)和人种学(emic)的角度描述和讨论了Marra Wonga的一些特征,特别是从拟人的岩画、似乎是作品一部分的七星状设计、大蛇状设计和六趾人脚的意义方面。如今,Marra Wonga是一个教学网站,用于讲述通过图像和梦想轨迹与许多其他地方联系在一起的重要文化故事,也是由Yambangku原住民文化遗产和旅游发展原住民公司(YACHATDAC)管理的旅游目的地,我们与该公司合作进行了这项研究。
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引用次数: 0
‘Do dead men tell no tales?’ The geographic origin of a colonial period Anglican cemetery population in Adelaide, South Australia, determined by isotope analyses “死人不讲故事吗?”同位素分析确定了南澳大利亚阿德莱德殖民时期圣公会墓地人口的地理来源
IF 1.1 3区 历史学 Q2 ANTHROPOLOGY Pub Date : 2022-05-04 DOI: 10.1080/03122417.2022.2086200
C. Adams, T. Owen, F. Pate, D. Bruce, Kristine E. Nielson, R. Klaebe, M. Henneberg, I. Moffat
Abstract Tooth enamel and dentine samples from 13 individuals buried in the unmarked ‘free ground’ colonial section of St Mary’s Anglican Cemetery in Adelaide were analysed for oxygen and strontium isotopic composition to assist with the determination of their geographic origin. As the life history of these individuals is not well-documented in the historical record, isotopic data provide important information about migration and mobility in a colonial South Australian population. This was supplemented with further analysis of diet from previously published stable isotope data. While the results are somewhat ambiguous, they suggest that of the 13 individuals in this study, one was probably born in Adelaide, eight in Britain/Ireland, three could have been born in either location; one was born elsewhere. This interpretation supplements and supports the results from the analysis of skeletal morphology, microbiomes, and historical records.
研究人员分析了埋在阿德莱德圣玛丽圣公会公墓未标记的“自由地”殖民地部分的13个人的牙釉质和牙本质样本的氧和锶同位素组成,以帮助确定他们的地理来源。由于这些个体的生活史在历史记录中没有很好的记录,同位素数据提供了关于南澳大利亚殖民地人口迁移和流动的重要信息。根据先前发表的稳定同位素数据对饮食进行了进一步分析。虽然结果有些模糊,但他们表明,在这项研究的13个人中,1人可能出生在阿德莱德,8人出生在英国/爱尔兰,3人可能出生在这两个地方;一个是在别处出生的。这一解释补充并支持了骨骼形态学、微生物组和历史记录分析的结果。
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引用次数: 1
Fibre technologies in Indigenous Australia: Evidence from archaeological excavations in the Kimberley region 澳大利亚土著的纤维技术:来自金伯利地区考古发掘的证据
IF 1.1 3区 历史学 Q2 ANTHROPOLOGY Pub Date : 2022-04-20 DOI: 10.1080/03122417.2022.2054510
J. Balme, S. O’Connor, T. Maloney, K. Akerman, Benedict Keaney, I. Dilkes-Hall
Abstract The extent to which fibre technology was used in the past is difficult to assess because soft organic remains rarely preserve well. The oldest direct evidence for twisted fibre cordage is dated to between 41 and 52 ka in western Eurasia but indirect evidence suggests that it may have a much greater antiquity. The diverse use of string made from fibres of plants, animal and human hair by Indigenous Australians is well documented but poorly represented in archaeological sites. No fibre remains have been recovered from Pleistocene contexts and they are only rarely recorded in later deposits, usually as isolated fragments. Nineteen pieces of twisted fibre recovered from deposits in two limestone caves, Carpenter’s Gap 1 and Riwi in the southern Kimberley, are made from a variety of raw materials and manufacturing techniques. These same techniques and raw materials are documented in anthropological and historical records and in museum collections, demonstrating a continuity of spun fibre practice from the Mid-to-Late Holocene to the present. A comparison of the archaeological twisted fibres with Kimberley objects incorporating string held in the Western Australian Museum, provides further insight into the technology used by Indigenous Australians before the arrival of Europeans.
过去纤维技术的使用程度很难评估,因为软有机残留物很少保存得很好。关于扭曲纤维绳的最古老的直接证据可以追溯到41至52年前的欧亚大陆西部,但间接证据表明它可能更古老。澳大利亚土著居民用植物、动物和人的头发纤维制成的绳子的多种用途有很好的记录,但在考古遗址中很少有代表。从更新世环境中没有发现纤维残留物,它们在后来的沉积物中很少被记录,通常是孤立的碎片。在金伯利南部的Carpenter 's Gap 1和Riwi两个石灰岩洞穴的沉积物中发现了19块扭曲的纤维,它们由各种原材料和制造技术制成。这些相同的技术和原材料在人类学和历史记录以及博物馆收藏中都有记载,证明了从全新世中晚期到现在,纺丝实践的连续性。将考古发现的扭曲纤维与保存在西澳大利亚博物馆的金伯利物品进行比较,可以进一步了解欧洲人到来之前澳大利亚土著使用的技术。
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引用次数: 2
‘Advancing the historical archaeology of Aboriginal Australia’: Comment on Tutchener and Claudie ‘Beyond ‘contact’ and shared landscapes in Australian archaeology’ “推进澳大利亚土著的历史考古学”:评论Tutchener和Claudie“超越澳大利亚考古学中的“接触”和共享景观”
IF 1.1 3区 历史学 Q2 ANTHROPOLOGY Pub Date : 2022-03-17 DOI: 10.1080/03122417.2022.2048456
T. Murray
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引用次数: 0
‘Don’t walk behind me, don’t walk in front of me, walk beside me’: A response to Murray “不要走在我后面,不要走在我前面,走在我旁边”:对穆雷的回应
IF 1.1 3区 历史学 Q2 ANTHROPOLOGY Pub Date : 2022-03-17 DOI: 10.1080/03122417.2022.2048457
D. Tutchener, D. Claudie
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引用次数: 0
New data and syntheses for the zooarchaeological record from the Lower Murray River Gorge, South Australia: Applying a ngatji lens 南澳大利亚墨累河下游峡谷动物考古记录的新数据和综合:应用ngatji镜头
IF 1.1 3区 历史学 Q2 ANTHROPOLOGY Pub Date : 2022-03-15 DOI: 10.1080/03122417.2022.2042639
Christopher J. Wilson, A. Roberts, D. Fusco
Abstract This article provides new data and syntheses for the zooarchaeological record of the Lower Murray River Gorge region in South Australia. The contribution of original data from Murrawong, Kangerung and Pomberuk provides rigorous and complementary records for the region. In particular, we supply new and detailed identifications for terrestrial vertebrate fauna and comment on prior published taxonomic identifications and methods. Using the Ngarrindjeri concept of ngatji we have also created a new lens with which to view the faunal assemblages. This new reading includes considerations of Lower Murray River Gorge diets in the Mid to Late Holocene, the presence/absence of certain species (inclusive of potential cultural influences) as well as the effects of European colonisation on animals (some now extinct or threatened) and the concomitant impacts for Ngarrindjeri people.
摘要本文为南澳大利亚墨累河下游峡谷地区的动物考古记录提供了新的资料和综合。来自Murrawong, Kangerung和Pomberuk的原始数据为该地区提供了严谨和补充的记录。特别是,我们提供新的和详细的鉴定陆生脊椎动物动物群和评论先前发表的分类鉴定和方法。利用Ngarrindjeri的ngatji概念,我们还创造了一个新的镜头来观察动物群。这种新的解读包括考虑全新世中晚期墨累河下游峡谷的饮食,某些物种的存在/缺失(包括潜在的文化影响),以及欧洲殖民对动物的影响(其中一些现已灭绝或受到威胁)以及对Ngarrindjeri人的伴随影响。
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引用次数: 4
Future use or no future at all? An examination of post-excavation historical archaeological repositories in NSW 将来使用还是完全没有将来?新南威尔士州发掘后的历史考古库的检查
IF 1.1 3区 历史学 Q2 ANTHROPOLOGY Pub Date : 2022-03-13 DOI: 10.1080/03122417.2022.2046685
Caitlin D’Gluyas, M. Gibbs
Abstract In NSW the availability of excavation records, physical remains (primarily artefacts), technical datasets, and reports associated with a historical archaeological project can only be described as varied. These forms of data can be collectively termed an archaeological archive. The storage of archives commonly includes any combination of small-scale centralised repositories, on-site facilities, private (client or investigator) off-site storage, or digital platforms. Archaeologists recognise the value of sustainably archiving these resources, as well as making them available for research, public access, or other intentions, however, what is the status of our combined approaches? Data collected from 40 historical archaeological sites in NSW has been used here to benchmark the current situation in the state. It was found that only three of the investigated sites had a complete and accessible archaeological archive with suitable metadata available before reaching the storage facility. This research outlines the precarious status of our efforts in archiving for perpetuity and the reliance on informal and personal networks within the archaeological community to discover and access archives. It is argued here that a framework of visibility, accessibility, and longevity should be applied to any project to consider the strength of archaeological archive retention methods. While the focus remains on understanding the key issues, several recommendations are also made for improving the consistency and long-term success of accessing historical archaeological repositories and data management systems. Key suggested approaches are to promote significance in the decision to create archaeological archives in the first place, prioritise resolving visibility constraints and focus on small and achievable system improvements.
摘要在新南威尔士州,与历史考古项目相关的挖掘记录、实物遗迹(主要是文物)、技术数据集和报告的可用性只能被描述为多种多样。这些形式的数据可以统称为考古档案。档案的存储通常包括小型集中存储库、现场设施、私人(客户或调查员)场外存储或数字平台的任何组合。考古学家认识到可持续地归档这些资源的价值,并将其用于研究、公众访问或其他目的,然而,我们的综合方法的现状如何?从新南威尔士州40个历史考古遗址收集的数据已被用于衡量该州的现状。调查发现,在到达储存设施之前,只有三个被调查的遗址拥有完整且可访问的考古档案,并提供了适当的元数据。这项研究概述了我们在永久存档方面的不稳定状态,以及对考古界发现和访问档案的非正式和个人网络的依赖。本文认为,应将可见性、可访问性和寿命的框架应用于任何项目,以考虑考古档案保存方法的优势。虽然重点仍然是了解关键问题,但也提出了一些建议,以提高访问历史考古存储库和数据管理系统的一致性和长期成功性。建议的主要方法是首先提高创建考古档案的决定的重要性,优先解决可见性限制,并专注于小型和可实现的系统改进。
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引用次数: 0
期刊
Australian Archaeology
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