Pub Date : 2023-01-02DOI: 10.1080/03122417.2022.2159751
Wanchese M. Saktura, E. Rehn, Lauren Linnenlucke, H. Munack, Rachel Wood, F. Petchey, A. Codilean, Z. Jacobs, T. Cohen, A. Williams, Sean Ulm
Abstract Reliable chronological frameworks for archaeological sites are essential for accurate interpretations of the past. Geochronology represents the core of interdisciplinary research because it allows integration of diverse data on a common timeline. Since the radiocarbon revolution in Australian archaeology in the 1950s, thousands of ages have been produced across Sahul (combined landmass of Australia and New Guinea). Methods such as thermoluminescence (TL) and optically stimulated luminescence (OSL) have also been used on Australian archaeological deposits and enabled the study of the deep past beyond the limits of radiocarbon dating. After seven decades, these geochronological methods no longer provide just a ‘date’, but instead, the geochronological community is focussed on providing the most reliable, precise, and reproducible ages. These aspects of age estimation are central to the framework of the SahulArch geochronological database. SahulArch is a new publicly available continental-scale dataset in which context and quality assurance criteria of each dated sample are considered as important as the age itself. SahulArch contains a total of 10,717 ages (9,504 radiocarbon, 973 OSL, and 240 TL) from 2,318 sites across the Sahul landmass. We describe the structure of SahulArch, types of auxiliary data collected, and provide a summary of the data in SahulArch. Graphical Abstract
{"title":"SahulArch: A geochronological database for the archaeology of Sahul","authors":"Wanchese M. Saktura, E. Rehn, Lauren Linnenlucke, H. Munack, Rachel Wood, F. Petchey, A. Codilean, Z. Jacobs, T. Cohen, A. Williams, Sean Ulm","doi":"10.1080/03122417.2022.2159751","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/03122417.2022.2159751","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract Reliable chronological frameworks for archaeological sites are essential for accurate interpretations of the past. Geochronology represents the core of interdisciplinary research because it allows integration of diverse data on a common timeline. Since the radiocarbon revolution in Australian archaeology in the 1950s, thousands of ages have been produced across Sahul (combined landmass of Australia and New Guinea). Methods such as thermoluminescence (TL) and optically stimulated luminescence (OSL) have also been used on Australian archaeological deposits and enabled the study of the deep past beyond the limits of radiocarbon dating. After seven decades, these geochronological methods no longer provide just a ‘date’, but instead, the geochronological community is focussed on providing the most reliable, precise, and reproducible ages. These aspects of age estimation are central to the framework of the SahulArch geochronological database. SahulArch is a new publicly available continental-scale dataset in which context and quality assurance criteria of each dated sample are considered as important as the age itself. SahulArch contains a total of 10,717 ages (9,504 radiocarbon, 973 OSL, and 240 TL) from 2,318 sites across the Sahul landmass. We describe the structure of SahulArch, types of auxiliary data collected, and provide a summary of the data in SahulArch. Graphical Abstract","PeriodicalId":8648,"journal":{"name":"Australian Archaeology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.1,"publicationDate":"2023-01-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42375402","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"历史学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-01-02DOI: 10.1080/03122417.2023.2190558
A. Martindale
Authorship, like many cultural quotients, reflects the positionality within which it has currency. In academic worlds, it is the key metric of scholarly worth, one that defines careers and is the pathway to success. As such, it carries particular potency as a proxy of accomplishment, one that commonly emerges from a foundation of understanding: authorship is the badge of knowledge within our institutional spaces and in those of others, such as legal arenas. However, there are two deviations to this pattern that are raised in this important work. First, because of its value, authorship both generates and reflects power in ways that do not always align with understanding. Second, because of its role as an academic currency, authorship in this context invokes a particularly, perhaps peculiarly, Western view of knowledge. In Western academic worlds, the benefits of authorship typically fall to the individual. Research teams that work collaboratively tend to provide equal opportunity for members to occupy positions of significance rather than confronting the hierarchical nature of system. Some teams simply replicate their own hierarchies in authorship; some authors avoid collaborative practice altogether to avoid them. The ability to do otherwise is enjoyed only by people outside the academic system or those senior enough to be beyond it. Those looking for employment or its continuation rarely have the capacity to forgo individual recognition. In this paper, Ouzman proposes profound alternatives for authors such as collective and non-human variants. Ouzman also suggests revisions to the hierarchy of published projects, which can disentangle the hierarchy of value from the rigidity of the hierarchy of status in publications. As Sonya Atalay has demonstrated (Atalay et al. 2017), this can not only address complex issues in new and insightful ways, but make the project of understanding the scholarship behind it more accessible – a key priority for communities marginalised from academic hierarchies. As exciting as these ideas are, they do not fundamentally alter the hierarchy of value attached to being an academic author, so I fear they will remain outliers. If authorship correlates with individual academic value in monetised and career placement ways, the system will remain intact. That should not dissuade people, as this forum achieves, from pointing out the hypocrisy inherent in the academic exchange of collective understanding for individual benefit. Universities continue to navigate the paradox of being places where knowledge is both produced for the collective good and where it is monetised for individual benefit. Changing this seems to imply tearing down the very foundations of our academic institutions, which though arguably laudable, will not happen either quickly or without major revolution in other cultural contexts. There is a more proximal issue here, however, one that might have a better chance of unravelling in the near term: that of the di
{"title":"Authorship as social relations","authors":"A. Martindale","doi":"10.1080/03122417.2023.2190558","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/03122417.2023.2190558","url":null,"abstract":"Authorship, like many cultural quotients, reflects the positionality within which it has currency. In academic worlds, it is the key metric of scholarly worth, one that defines careers and is the pathway to success. As such, it carries particular potency as a proxy of accomplishment, one that commonly emerges from a foundation of understanding: authorship is the badge of knowledge within our institutional spaces and in those of others, such as legal arenas. However, there are two deviations to this pattern that are raised in this important work. First, because of its value, authorship both generates and reflects power in ways that do not always align with understanding. Second, because of its role as an academic currency, authorship in this context invokes a particularly, perhaps peculiarly, Western view of knowledge. In Western academic worlds, the benefits of authorship typically fall to the individual. Research teams that work collaboratively tend to provide equal opportunity for members to occupy positions of significance rather than confronting the hierarchical nature of system. Some teams simply replicate their own hierarchies in authorship; some authors avoid collaborative practice altogether to avoid them. The ability to do otherwise is enjoyed only by people outside the academic system or those senior enough to be beyond it. Those looking for employment or its continuation rarely have the capacity to forgo individual recognition. In this paper, Ouzman proposes profound alternatives for authors such as collective and non-human variants. Ouzman also suggests revisions to the hierarchy of published projects, which can disentangle the hierarchy of value from the rigidity of the hierarchy of status in publications. As Sonya Atalay has demonstrated (Atalay et al. 2017), this can not only address complex issues in new and insightful ways, but make the project of understanding the scholarship behind it more accessible – a key priority for communities marginalised from academic hierarchies. As exciting as these ideas are, they do not fundamentally alter the hierarchy of value attached to being an academic author, so I fear they will remain outliers. If authorship correlates with individual academic value in monetised and career placement ways, the system will remain intact. That should not dissuade people, as this forum achieves, from pointing out the hypocrisy inherent in the academic exchange of collective understanding for individual benefit. Universities continue to navigate the paradox of being places where knowledge is both produced for the collective good and where it is monetised for individual benefit. Changing this seems to imply tearing down the very foundations of our academic institutions, which though arguably laudable, will not happen either quickly or without major revolution in other cultural contexts. There is a more proximal issue here, however, one that might have a better chance of unravelling in the near term: that of the di","PeriodicalId":8648,"journal":{"name":"Australian Archaeology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.1,"publicationDate":"2023-01-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"49427048","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"历史学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-01-02DOI: 10.1080/03122417.2023.2190638
P. White
{"title":"The Archaeology of Tanamu 1: A Pre-Lapita to Post-Lapita Site from Caution Bay, South Coast of Mainland Papua New Guinea","authors":"P. White","doi":"10.1080/03122417.2023.2190638","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/03122417.2023.2190638","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":8648,"journal":{"name":"Australian Archaeology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.1,"publicationDate":"2023-01-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44656843","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"历史学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-01-02DOI: 10.1080/03122417.2023.2190554
L. Burarrwanga, R. Ganambarr, M. Ganambarr-Stubbs, B. Ganambarr, D. Maymuru, Stephen J. Wright, S. Suchet-Pearson, K. Lloyd, L. Daley
{"title":"Author-ity of/as Bawaka Country","authors":"L. Burarrwanga, R. Ganambarr, M. Ganambarr-Stubbs, B. Ganambarr, D. Maymuru, Stephen J. Wright, S. Suchet-Pearson, K. Lloyd, L. Daley","doi":"10.1080/03122417.2023.2190554","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/03122417.2023.2190554","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":8648,"journal":{"name":"Australian Archaeology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.1,"publicationDate":"2023-01-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41568008","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"历史学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-01-02DOI: 10.1080/03122417.2023.2175949
C. Monks, Georgia L. Stannard, Sven Ouzman, T. Manne, Joel Garside, Sean Ulm
Abstract This study presents the first data on a level one archaeology student cohort, exploring their demographic composition and motivations for enrolling, as well as external stressors such as health and caring responsibilities that may influence student study goals, retention, and needs. A survey of 107 students enrolled in introductory level archaeology units at 13 Australian universities was undertaken in Semester 1, 2021. The results show a diverse cohort by age, gender, and educational background. Consistent with the professional Australian archaeological community, there is little diversity in the ethnicity of enrolled students. Further, many respondents reported having caring responsibilities, and both physical and mental health concerns. Students were motivated to enrol both for general interest and future career pathways; however, there was a poor understanding within the cohort of Australian archaeological job opportunities. These results indicate that there is clearly much to be done in public archaeological engagement and outreach in Australia. What is required of the Australian archaeological community is a concerted effort to improve how the discipline is taught and learned across all levels of education, and a collaborative approach to designing teaching methods suitable for our modern student cohort.
{"title":"Why do students enrol in archaeology at Australian universities? Understanding pre-enrolment experiences, motivations, and career expectations","authors":"C. Monks, Georgia L. Stannard, Sven Ouzman, T. Manne, Joel Garside, Sean Ulm","doi":"10.1080/03122417.2023.2175949","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/03122417.2023.2175949","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract This study presents the first data on a level one archaeology student cohort, exploring their demographic composition and motivations for enrolling, as well as external stressors such as health and caring responsibilities that may influence student study goals, retention, and needs. A survey of 107 students enrolled in introductory level archaeology units at 13 Australian universities was undertaken in Semester 1, 2021. The results show a diverse cohort by age, gender, and educational background. Consistent with the professional Australian archaeological community, there is little diversity in the ethnicity of enrolled students. Further, many respondents reported having caring responsibilities, and both physical and mental health concerns. Students were motivated to enrol both for general interest and future career pathways; however, there was a poor understanding within the cohort of Australian archaeological job opportunities. These results indicate that there is clearly much to be done in public archaeological engagement and outreach in Australia. What is required of the Australian archaeological community is a concerted effort to improve how the discipline is taught and learned across all levels of education, and a collaborative approach to designing teaching methods suitable for our modern student cohort.","PeriodicalId":8648,"journal":{"name":"Australian Archaeology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.1,"publicationDate":"2023-01-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44804021","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"历史学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-01-02DOI: 10.1080/03122417.2023.2192902
J. Ross, Alan Williams, A. McConnell
{"title":"Michael Alexander Smith, BA Hons, MA, PhD, FAHA, FSA, Rhys Jones Medal (2006), Verco Medal (2010), Order of Australia (AM, 2013), UNE Distinguished Alumni (2015), born England 1955, died Canberra 16 October 2022","authors":"J. Ross, Alan Williams, A. McConnell","doi":"10.1080/03122417.2023.2192902","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/03122417.2023.2192902","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":8648,"journal":{"name":"Australian Archaeology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.1,"publicationDate":"2023-01-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45335698","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"历史学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-09-02DOI: 10.1080/03122417.2022.2140269
Sean Oneill
domination to an almost caricatured height. The narrative also undermines the pervasive assumptions about ‘collapses’ and ‘dark ages’ that underpin the times and spaces away from what appears to be state power in the archaeological record. Further, the notion that ‘ancient civilisation’ need be parsed as ‘old state’ is deconstructed and disposed of, with a detour through Minoan Crete (pp.434–439). Imagine the new narratives that might come from presenting the grandness of life in civilisations that called no man ‘king’, from the Tannese kava drinking fraternities to the master painters of Arnhem Land. Chapter 11 takes a final swipe at the teleological framework traditionally used to describe human social evolution in anthropology. The pathway from small, egalitarian bands to hierarchical states is neither linear, nor is it historically or even logically inevitable. North American anthropology and archaeology provide further examples of immense interaction spheres, the construction of complex monuments with a shared standard design and dimensions, and a system of shared animal totems to facilitate movement across the continent, all without a centralised government or paramount ruler. The parallels with Aboriginal Australia are fairly obvious in this case, but there could equally be connections made to Pacific cultures and their maritime networks, or the archaeology of Island Southeast Asia’s so-called ‘theatre’ states. The ambition of this book is perhaps reflected in the fact that its conclusion poses a series of questions rather than providing definitive answers. These have to do with the nature of states, violence, warfare, family structures, and ultimately how our own globalised society seems so incapable of enacting the three freedoms in any concerted or sustainable way. Having dismantled the mythology of modern social science’s approach to the rise of civilisations (as seen mostly through the lenses of anthropology and archaeology), Graeber and Wengrow part with a musing on what myths might be crafted to replace the just-so stories they work so hard to reject. Unfortunately, with Graeber’s untimely passing in 2020, we will never know what sequels to The Dawn of Everything might have told us. That is fine, as it is not Graeber’s job (nor Wengrow’s for that matter) to tell us everything we need to know. Instead, it is up to us to decide how we will pick up the framework that Graeber and Wengrow have woven, what threads we will add to it, what we will keep, and what we will modify or discard. What new history of humanity would emerge if rather than a fairly small, wilfully misinterpreted, unevenly sampled portion of Eurasia, we placed Aboriginal Australia, the Fijian highlands, or coastal Borneo in the centre of the story? All it takes is us imagining more realistic, radically hopeful worlds in which our region’s past contributes a future. As a final note, I have written this review with the interest of AA readers in mind. The book, which featu
统治几乎达到了漫画的高度。这种叙述也破坏了关于“崩溃”和“黑暗时代”的普遍假设，这些假设支撑着时间和空间远离考古记录中似乎是国家权力的假设。此外，“古代文明”需要被解析为“旧国家”的概念被解构和处理，绕道通过米诺斯克里特(第434 - 439页)。想象一下，在一个不称任何人为“国王”的文明中，从Tannese的卡瓦酒联谊会到阿纳姆地的大师画家，展示生命的伟大可能会带来新的叙述。第11章对人类学中传统上用来描述人类社会进化的目的论框架进行了最后的抨击。从小而平等的群体到等级制国家的道路既不是线性的，也不是历史上甚至逻辑上不可避免的。北美人类学和考古学提供了进一步的例子，说明了巨大的互动领域，具有共同标准设计和尺寸的复杂纪念碑的建造，以及一个共同的动物图腾系统，以促进跨大陆的运动，所有这些都没有中央政府或最高统治者。在这种情况下，与澳大利亚土著的相似之处是相当明显的，但同样可能与太平洋文化及其海洋网络有关，或者与东南亚岛屿所谓的“剧院”国家的考古学有关。这本书的野心也许反映在它的结论提出了一系列问题，而不是提供明确的答案。这些都与国家、暴力、战争、家庭结构的本质有关，最终与我们自己的全球化社会似乎无法以任何协调一致或可持续的方式实现三大自由有关。在拆解了现代社会科学研究文明兴起的神话(主要是通过人类学和考古学的视角来看)之后，格雷伯和温格罗开始思考，哪些神话可以被精心打造，以取代他们如此努力地拒绝的所谓故事。不幸的是，随着格雷伯在2020年的不幸去世，我们永远不会知道《万物黎明》的续集会告诉我们什么。这没什么，因为告诉我们需要知道的一切不是格雷伯的工作(也不是温格罗的工作)。相反，我们应该决定如何选择格雷伯和温格罗编织的框架，我们将在其中添加哪些线索，我们将保留哪些，我们将修改或丢弃哪些。如果我们把澳大利亚土著、斐济高地或婆罗洲海岸作为故事的中心，而不是一个相当小的、故意被误解的、取样不均匀的欧亚大陆部分，那么新的人类历史将会出现什么?我们所需要做的就是想象一个更现实、更充满希望的世界，在这个世界里，我们地区的过去为未来做出贡献。最后要说明的是，我写这篇评论时考虑到了AA读者的兴趣。这本书曾一度登上《纽约时报》畅销书排行榜，当然引起了轰动，但也招致了一些批评，其中一些相当尖锐。尤其是我会推荐阅读激进主义者、女权主义者和土著学者的评论(见Kiddey 2022;Knight et al. 2021;中村2022;罗宾斯(Robbins, 2022)的观点与本文中提出的观点不同，但非常有效和相关。
{"title":"An Archaeology of Innovation: Approaching Social and Technological Change in Human Society","authors":"Sean Oneill","doi":"10.1080/03122417.2022.2140269","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/03122417.2022.2140269","url":null,"abstract":"domination to an almost caricatured height. The narrative also undermines the pervasive assumptions about ‘collapses’ and ‘dark ages’ that underpin the times and spaces away from what appears to be state power in the archaeological record. Further, the notion that ‘ancient civilisation’ need be parsed as ‘old state’ is deconstructed and disposed of, with a detour through Minoan Crete (pp.434–439). Imagine the new narratives that might come from presenting the grandness of life in civilisations that called no man ‘king’, from the Tannese kava drinking fraternities to the master painters of Arnhem Land. Chapter 11 takes a final swipe at the teleological framework traditionally used to describe human social evolution in anthropology. The pathway from small, egalitarian bands to hierarchical states is neither linear, nor is it historically or even logically inevitable. North American anthropology and archaeology provide further examples of immense interaction spheres, the construction of complex monuments with a shared standard design and dimensions, and a system of shared animal totems to facilitate movement across the continent, all without a centralised government or paramount ruler. The parallels with Aboriginal Australia are fairly obvious in this case, but there could equally be connections made to Pacific cultures and their maritime networks, or the archaeology of Island Southeast Asia’s so-called ‘theatre’ states. The ambition of this book is perhaps reflected in the fact that its conclusion poses a series of questions rather than providing definitive answers. These have to do with the nature of states, violence, warfare, family structures, and ultimately how our own globalised society seems so incapable of enacting the three freedoms in any concerted or sustainable way. Having dismantled the mythology of modern social science’s approach to the rise of civilisations (as seen mostly through the lenses of anthropology and archaeology), Graeber and Wengrow part with a musing on what myths might be crafted to replace the just-so stories they work so hard to reject. Unfortunately, with Graeber’s untimely passing in 2020, we will never know what sequels to The Dawn of Everything might have told us. That is fine, as it is not Graeber’s job (nor Wengrow’s for that matter) to tell us everything we need to know. Instead, it is up to us to decide how we will pick up the framework that Graeber and Wengrow have woven, what threads we will add to it, what we will keep, and what we will modify or discard. What new history of humanity would emerge if rather than a fairly small, wilfully misinterpreted, unevenly sampled portion of Eurasia, we placed Aboriginal Australia, the Fijian highlands, or coastal Borneo in the centre of the story? All it takes is us imagining more realistic, radically hopeful worlds in which our region’s past contributes a future. As a final note, I have written this review with the interest of AA readers in mind. The book, which featu","PeriodicalId":8648,"journal":{"name":"Australian Archaeology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.1,"publicationDate":"2022-09-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47806994","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"历史学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-09-02DOI: 10.1080/03122417.2022.2138103
S. Winter
Abstract The nineteenth century timber industry in Western Australia relied on traditional British technologies and struggled to deal with massive old-growth jarrah trees, and the subsequent transportation of milled timber to market. Mason’s Mill, situated in the Darling Range to the east of Perth, had access to a vast amount of high quality timber, yet was economically unviable for most of its 20 year history, ultimately failing in the mid-1870s. Archaeological survey of the mill site and associated primary extractive sites demonstrate that a significant corpus of evidence of timber-getting activities remains in the forest. While ephemeral, this evidence allows a greater understanding of difficulties encountered by early timber-getting operations, and how reliance on obsolete technologies, and inadequate transport options, ultimately undermined Mason’s Mill’s ability to succeed.
{"title":"Sawpits in the forest: A case study of a failed timber-getting operation during the nineteenth century","authors":"S. Winter","doi":"10.1080/03122417.2022.2138103","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/03122417.2022.2138103","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract The nineteenth century timber industry in Western Australia relied on traditional British technologies and struggled to deal with massive old-growth jarrah trees, and the subsequent transportation of milled timber to market. Mason’s Mill, situated in the Darling Range to the east of Perth, had access to a vast amount of high quality timber, yet was economically unviable for most of its 20 year history, ultimately failing in the mid-1870s. Archaeological survey of the mill site and associated primary extractive sites demonstrate that a significant corpus of evidence of timber-getting activities remains in the forest. While ephemeral, this evidence allows a greater understanding of difficulties encountered by early timber-getting operations, and how reliance on obsolete technologies, and inadequate transport options, ultimately undermined Mason’s Mill’s ability to succeed.","PeriodicalId":8648,"journal":{"name":"Australian Archaeology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.1,"publicationDate":"2022-09-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43524642","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"历史学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-09-02DOI: 10.1080/03122417.2022.2148184
N. Hogg, Yi-lin E. Chen, G. Summerhayes, G. Boswijk, S. Manning, A. Hogg, C. Gosden
Abstract This paper reviews our current knowledge of Lapita stilt structures in the Bismarck Archipelago, Papua New Guinea, and contributes new data from the analysis of a wooden post belonging to a Lapita-era stilt structure identified in the site of Adwe in the Arawe Islands. Via taxonomic analysis, the wooden post is identified as Intsia bijuga (Moluccan ironwood or Pacific teak), a saltwater-resistant species that would have proven to be a highly durable construction material. The selective usage of sturdy timber including Intsia bijuga, cf. Cordia subcordata, Diospyros sp., cf. Terminalia catappa and Calophyllum inophyllum as building materials at various Lapita sites, suggests that the Lapita populations had a clear understanding of locally available timber resources. This paper also details a world-first attempt at radiocarbon wiggle-match dating a Lapita-age wooden artefact.
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