Archivos de neurobiologia最新文献

In this study we analyzed the morphologic and ultrastructural characteristics of the psammoma bodies in ten meningiomas of different histologic subtypes, characterizing the components of the psammoma body and the elements of the tumor, such as the capillaries and degenerative cells that have been classically considered as initiators of the formation of these calcareous is structures. The discussion considers the diagnostic interest of psammoma bodies in central nervous system tumors, as well as its histogenesis. The different points of view explaining biological mineralization in other territories of the organism are analyzed, as well as the formation of psammoma bodies, comparing the morphologic data obtained in this study. It is concluded that the mineralization of the psammoma bodies is induced principally by the collagen fibers synthesized by the meningocytes and that the form of mineralization is spherical and growth is radial, controlled by the tumoral cells.

We present a case of Moya-Moya syndrome in a 28-year-old female patient with an unusual debut in the form of mirror-image writing. The patient was studied by CAT, conventional cerebral angiography, MRI and angio-MRI. The results obtained show a very good correlation between the images of conventional angiography and those obtained by angio-MRI. Angio-MRI requires no contrast, is noninvasive and rapid, promising to be a first class alternative in the diagnosis and follow-up of Moya-Moya syndrome.

A total of 14 meningiomas were studied in this report, grouped in different subtypes. The number of NORAg of each was analyzed and quantified. This study analyzes the results obtained as opposed to different subtypes and with clinic and biologic characteristics of patients. Similarly, technical characteristics of silver impregnation method to determine nucleolar organizer regions (NORAg) and its application as a routine method were analyzed. We propose this as a fast and reliable method to analyze of neoplastic proliferative activity.

Although in the last decade the screening test of dementia have improved, is still being of interest the study of simple methods with a most sensitivity and specificity in the detection of the cognitive decline. Jorm et al have used recently a questionnaire (IQCODE) by which a subject's relative informs of the decline suffered by this in his cognitive capacity. In this work is showed a spanish adaptation of this test, the spanish-IQCODE, analysing it's usefulness for the detection of mild dementia. The S-IQCODE shows a diagnostic validity (sensitivity of 86%, specificity of 92%, positive predictive value of 54% and negative predictive value of 98%) greater than Mini-Mental State Examination (MMSE); it also shows a correlation with the diagnostic of dementia greater (r = 0.70 vs r = 0.37); and, different from MMSE, it doesn't show significative correlations with the age, the schooling and the premorbid intelligence. The results in this study show the S-IQCODE as a good test for the detection of the mild dementia, of greater diagnostic power than the MMSE and less contaminated than this by strange variables to the cognitive decline.

A patient suffering from Faconi's anemia presented multifocal neurologic complications, initially with an exacerbating-remitting clinical presentation, next followed by chronic progressive course. Both as a nosologic association or as neurologic complication of Fanconi's anemia, this case is un unpublished observation, to our knowledge.

The most frequent neurological lesions found on Cranial Computerized Tomography (CT scan) in patients with Systemic Lupus Erythematosus (SLE) are cortical atrophy (psychosis, although in general atrophy is not associated with a particular clinical presentation), infarcts and haemorraghes (strokes). We describe a patient diagnosed of SLE who developed a psychotic clinical picture followed by generalized epileptic seizures within a context of diffuse lupus encephalopathy. On the neurological examination, she presented cortical blindness, generalized piramidalism and extrapiramidal rigidity. Various electroencephalographic recordings showed signs of diffuse cerebral involvement predominantly in posterior regions. Cerebrospinal fluid analysis showed a slight increase of IgG without oligoclonal bands and a positive anti-DNA antibody with an homogeneous pattern. Sequential CT images were carried out demonstrating hypodense areas initially in the occipital regions that extended progressively to the temporal, parietal and finally to the frontal lobes, with a moderate mass effect on the lateral ventricles and with no contrast enhancement. The images of the lesions on the CT disappeared completely with the adequate treatment as the symptomatology resolved. A MRI and cerebral angiography were performed when the patient recovered. Both MRI and angiography showed no alterations. We consider that this neuroradiological finding is exceptional, because of its total resolution. Nevertheless, more observations will be necessary to determine the exact meaning of these abnormalities.

Creatine phosphokinase (CPK) is studied in psychiatric hospitalized patients under neuroleptic treatment in order to clarify the diagnostic value of this enzyme in the neuroleptic malignant syndrome (SNM). Intramuscular drug administration was, in the present study, the only variable associated with CPK levels over 1,000 U. Other items studied, like agitation, physical restraint or illness severity can not account for this elevation. In absence of i.m. medication, levels over 1,000 U must be carefully screened in order to rule out SNM or organic pathology associated.

The early organic mental disorder, caused by the human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV) in the drug dependents (DD), if it is not taken into account, can disturb the diagnosis of the neuropsychiatric and the toxic disorders. The authors attempt to outline, with several neuropsychological tests (visuo-perceptual, memory, attention) and with the physical and neurologic exploration, if cognitive abnormalities are present in two groups of DD after detoxification period. The first group is infected by the HIV (n: 48), and the second one is not (n: 33). Differences can be found only in the Bender visuo-perceptual test, which are not justified by the divergences found between the groups about the drug dependence history and the present drug of abuse intake. The importance of the early diagnosis of these abnormalities is argued in order to get a suitable treatment of the possible neuropsychiatric complications in the DD development, and restrain the extent of the cognitive damage by HIV infection.

Global outcome of 94 drug abusers who began treatment in a Mental Health Center is studied in a six month follow-up. Drug use, medical, familial, occupational, legal and psychological status related with drug addiction are also analyzed. In the follow-up 90.4% patients were located, and the outcome was good in drug abuse, medical and familial areas. According to Global Outcome Scale, 36% scored high (optimal or good outcome) and 33% scored low (poor or very poor outcome).