Archivos de neurobiologia最新文献

The mammillary bodies are already shaped in the last stages of the fetal development, and you can differentiate clearly in them the medial mammillary nucleus (MMN) and lateral mammillary nucleus (LMN). All this allow to study the variations in cellular density, the relation between neuronal and glial cells, so as the number of nucleoli present in the neuronal cells and the nucleolar area variations through the postnatal development (0N, 2N, 4N, 8N, 16N and adult). The results show, demonstrate a different behaviour in the cellular stabilization and migration of the MMN and LMN, so as a cellular differentiation after 4N in both nucleus. All this is discussed with the data obtained from the nucleolar activity, as an index of synthesis and reflection of the neuronal maturing.

Combined immunocytochemistry to phosphorylated neurofilament epitopes and periodic-acid methenamine silver (PAM) were used in the study of senile plaques (SP) in 6 patients with Alzheimer disease. SP are categorized as diffuse, primitive, mature and burned-out. Amyloid deposits are found in all of them, which is loose in diffuse and primitive plaques, and condensed in mature and burned-out types. Dystrophic neurites are only found in primitive and mature plaques. Combined methods have also shown that apparently isolated dystrophic neurites in the neuropil are always associated to amyloid deposits. These features suggest that amyloid deposition is a primary event in SP formation.

We have studied 44 patients diagnosed of idiopathic Parkinson disease included in our database of rigid-akinetic syndromes. We have compared their demographic, environmental and clinical features with the ones that presented a group on 22 patients diagnosed of idiopathic Parkinson disease and had some first degree relatives with the same disease. Patients with familial Parkinson disease are distinguished from the ones that suffer from sporadic Parkinson disease because of an early start, greater consanguinity rate and greater frequency of a similar disease in their parents. Moreover, we have seen that familial Parkinson disease patients have drunk more water from wells during their lives than the ones that suffer sporadic Parkinson disease, present greater frequency of wide motoricity disorders, dystonia, night hypokinesia, fluctuations in relation to L-DOPA and greater frequency of early going grey. We have not found either epidemiologic data which could explain the appearance of familial cases or environmental causes which could produce familial Parkinson disease. Clinical differences between the two groups are likely due to an early start of symptoms in familial Parkinson disease cases. According to our data we could not conclude that between familial and sporadic Parkinson disease are significant differences in to justify two well-defined diseases. Even, the familial presentation of idiopathic Parkinson disease could be the normal form of Parkinson disease if long survival was a favourable factor of disease onset in pre-symptomatic persons.

A clinical study of alcohol hallucinosis was made in 25 patients admitted in the hospital Psiquiátrico de Madrid since 1984 until 1990, taking into account the ICD-9. The 88% of the patients under control improved partially o completely in an average period of 18 days.

We report a case of acute confusional state (ACS) resulted from bilateral occlusion of anterior cerebral artery. This case is outstanding because development of ACS was caused by a focal lesion, without the presentation of focal neurologic signs. Then, cerebrovascular disease must be included in differential diagnosis of ACS, despite the lack of clinically detectable deficit.

Language disorders in patients diagnosed of dementia have been studied by different authors, especially in the last years. Alzheimer type dementia (ATD) causes the greatest damage in language, which is showed in the beginning as an nominal aphasia. Afterwards, ATD patients present a transcortical sensitive aphasia and finally suffer with a complete dumbness or global aphasia. In subcortical dementia (SDC) language functions are relatively kept whereas in vascular dementia (VD) this disorders have a pattern which could be compared with the one that is presented in the pure motor aphasia. In ATD verbal capacities are not disturbed in the same way. Thus, several tests as reading and vocabulary test in a loud voice are relatively resistant to mental damage process and this has been related to previous intellectual level of demented patients. Moreover, this tests are very useful in diagnosis of small dementia.

This paper handles with semiological and physiopathological aspects in relation with conversion and anosognosia symptoms. The author suggests the existence of a common physiopathological mechanism in both clinical pictures, in base of a stated paralelism of symptoms and clinical profile.

The incidence of permanent visual loss in Benign Intracranial Hypertension (BIH) was assessed. 17 out of 100 patients with BIH had permanent visual loss which was severe in only three cases. We tried to identify the risk factors in this group of patients. Statistical analysis showed that the following factors were related with a bad visual outcome: atrophy of the disc, visual loss and field defects (other than enlargement of the blind stop) present at the first exam; delay of treatment; BIH in patients older than 40 years and, overall, presence of systemic hypertension. The identification of this risk factors may help in planning the treatment of the disorder.