Archivos de neurobiologia最新文献

Except in Wilson's disease, few secondary dystonias are susceptible te benefit from an etiological treatment. The somatic distribution of dystonia often determines the therapeutic strategy. Thus, stereotactic surgery may be the treatment of choice for hemidystonia while anticholinergic medication may alleviate generalized dystonia, particularly in childhood. Finally, local infiltrations of botulinum toxin are particularly useful for various forms of local and segmental dystonia. Certain subsyndromes as myoclonic dystonia, levodopa sensitive dystonia and paroxysmal choreoathetosis may benefit from relatively specific treatment strategies.

We report the results of the treatment of 80 patients with various idiopathic focal dystonia and essential hemifacial spasm with Botulinum A toxin. A statistically significant improvement was obtained in our 34 patients with blepharospasm, 19 patients with hemifacial spasm, 59% of 22 patients with cervical dystonia and 60% of 5 patients with hand dystonia. Mean duration of the benefit of each injection was 15.3, 16.3, 7.6 and 8.7 weeks respectively. Adverse effects were local and transient. We concluded that botulinum A toxin is a safe and effective therapy for patients with focal dystonia and hemifacial spasm.

The life and work of Hölderlin confront the psychiatrist with the age-old problem of the relationship between artistic creation and mental illness. This theme has inspired multitud of writings, many of which fail to stand up to serious analysis. Although in the last century interest centred on the literary value of his work, more recently various authors have approached his life and work from a psychopathological standpoint, generally choosing one of two perspectives. The first tries to find the schizophrenic aspects of his poetry, and how it changed after the illness appeared. The other tries to find biographical clues which could throw some light on the development of his psychosis or, at least, on his reactions to its progression. The following study review several works which focus on the poet's illness, by authors ranging from Jaspers to Jung, Laplanche, Peters and others.

A groupe of 52 patients in long-term lithium treatment were questioned about side effects. The K. Ghose questionnaire was used which contained 36 items. The most frequent complaints were hand-tremor, dry mouth, poor memory, polyuria, diarrhoea, weight gain. We hypothesize that apart from symptoms clearly demonstrated to be caused by lithium treatment (polyuria, hand-tremor, weight gain diarrhoea). Other complaints such as dry mouth, poor memory or skin eruptions occur frequently and they are also related to lithium.

The relationship between bilingualism and psychopathology has received scant attention is psychiatric literature. We present four psychotic patients whose mother language which they usually spoke, was basque, whereas the psychopathological auditory phenomena took place in spanish.

Imipramine is widely accepted as an effective antidepressant treatment. In this paper, changes in Lys- and Leu-aminopeptidase activities in several rat brain regions after imipramine treatment are described. Decreases of Lys-aminopeptidase activity in the olphactory bulbus, cerebellum, hypothalamus and pituitary gland were observed. In the same way, there were a decreases in Leu-aminopeptidase activity in the parietal and occipital cortices, cerebellum thalamus, hypothalamus and pituitary gland. It is suggested that these enzyme activities play a part in the imipramine action mechanism, possibly by regulating the activity of several neuroactive peptides.

In this publish we analyze etiologic, clinic, electroencephalografic, radiologic, therapeutic and evolutionary facts of a serie of 31 children with diagnostic of West's syndrome. Advances in diagnostic methodes, overall of neuroimagen have allowed us to identify the etiology of 87% of cases, with a great variability of causes. The treatment with ACTH and/or anticonvulsive drugs was effective; although for children's prognostic, etiology and previous neurologic situation before initial symptomatology was more important. So, the clinical evolution was favorable for all criptogenetic cases and those secondary one with previous normal neurologic state. The rest, 70%, remained with mental delay, associated or no with crisis. Likewise the EEG persisted to be pathologic in 67.7% of cases. Five cases progressed towards Lennox-Gastaut's syndrome, that is to say, 16% of whole.

We present a morphological and ultrastructural study from one case of orbitary myositis in a 35 years old male patient with asymmetrical localytation and clinical behaviour as a tumor. The morphological study shows a chronic inflammatory lesion which causes atrophy and necrosis of the muscular tissue. On the ultrastructural image it is remarkable the atrophy of the muscle fibers with loos of the sarcomers, joined with signs of regeneration. The inflammatory infiltrate is polimorfous, with T and B cells immunihistochemically detected. There is also a macrophagic population identified by the morphology and immunohistochemistry with positivity for alfa-1-chymiotrypsin and alfa-1-anti trypsin. An important fibroblastic activity is show. On the discussion a possible pathogenesis for this entity is considered.

We present a case of cerebral gangliocytoma placed on the right frontal lobe in a young adult, analyzing its morphological and clinical features. The immunohistochemical study defines it as a tumor with a neuronal population NSE and NFP positive, and a glial population with positivity for the GFAP. We emphasize the presence of neurosecretion in the mature neurones, typified by the positivity to the sinaptophisine and VIP. In the discussion we compare our immunohistochemical results, analyzing the histogenesis of this rare neoplasm.