Pub Date : 2020-04-25DOI: 10.36899/japs.2020.4.0111
A. A. Abro, S. Memon, S. Abro, E. Sam, Ru-yu He, M. H. Rind, Z. Solangi, T., Muhammad, B. Ali, W. Ahmed, W. Dev, M. Abro, N. Rajput, S. Nizamani, M. Nargis, A. R., Kumbhar
Drought is a grave concern due to changing climate phenomenon which drastically affects wheat production throughout the world. Screening drought tolerant varieties of wheat are important for ameliorating productivity of water scarce areas. An experiment was conducted at physiology division Nuclear Institute of Agriculture Tandojam (Latitude: 25.433 Longitude: 68.533) Sindh, Pakistan during 2016-2017. Treatment included a factorial combination using a completely randomized design (CRD) with three replications. Six wheat cultivars (cv. cultivars IBWSN-1010, IBWSN-1025, TD-1, ESW-9525, Khirman and Chakwal-86) were investigated for their response at seedling stage under different water stress treatments (T-1 0, T-2 -0.5, T-3 -0.75 and T-4 -1.0 MPa) in controlled conditions. The results of experiments with reference to cultivars revealed that cultivar Khirman & IBWSN-1010 showed maximum shoot length (17.33 and 16.68 cm), while the cultivar Khirman and TD-1showed maximum root length (10.02 and 8.67 cm), shoot fresh weight (34.46 g 10 -1 shoots), root fresh wt. (71.76 g 10 -1 shoots), shoot dry wt. (13.55 g 10 -1 shoots), root dry wt. (13.62 g 10 - 1 roots),while the cultivar IBWSN-1010 observed more chlorophyll contents (0.27 mg g1 fresh wt) and ionic contents (K + and Ca2 + , and K + /Ca2 + ratio)(1.05, 1.03 and 0.93 %). Among all the wheat cultivars tested Khirman and IBWSN-1010 are tolerant cultivar sand have the potential to perform better under drought conditions, whereas IBWSN-1025 and Chakwal-86 were moderately tolerant under water stress conditions. Moreover, the cultivars i.e. TD-1 and ESW-9525 are the sensitive cultivars under drought environment. It may be concluded from present in-vitro studies that osmotic stress significantly reduced the shoot/root length fresh and dry weight in all six wheat cultivars. The maximum reduction (P≤0.05) was found at higher osmotic stress induced by PEG-6000 (-1.0 MPa).
干旱是由于气候变化而引起的一个严重问题，它严重影响了全世界的小麦生产。选育耐旱小麦品种对提高缺水地区的生产力具有重要意义。实验于2016-2017年在巴基斯坦信德省坦多贾姆核农业研究所(纬度:25.433经度:68.533)生理学部进行。治疗包括使用完全随机设计(CRD)的三次重复的因子组合。6个小麦品种(cv;以IBWSN-1010、IBWSN-1025、TD-1、ESW-9525、Khirman和chakwal86为研究对象，研究了不同水分胁迫处理(t -10、T-2 -0.5、T-3 -0.75和T-4 -1.0 MPa)在苗期的反应。对照试验结果表明，品种Khirman和IBWSN-1010的茎长最大(17.33和16.68 cm)，品种Khirman和td -1的根长最大(10.02和8.67 cm)，茎鲜重最大(34.46 g 10 -1枝)，根鲜重最大(71.76 g 10 -1枝)，茎干重最大(13.55 g 10 -1枝)，茎干重最大(13.55 g 10 -1枝)。品种IBWSN-1010的叶绿素含量(0.27 mg g1 fresh wt)和离子含量(K +、Ca2 +及K + /Ca2 +比值)(1.05、1.03和0.93%)均高于IBWSN-1010。在所有小麦品种中，Khirman和IBWSN-1010是耐干旱品种，在干旱条件下表现较好，而IBWSN-1025和Chakwal-86在水分胁迫条件下表现中等。此外，TD-1和ESW-9525是干旱环境下的敏感品种。从目前的离体研究可以看出，渗透胁迫显著降低了6个小麦品种的茎/根长、鲜重和干重。PEG-6000诱导的高渗透胁迫(-1.0 MPa)下，降低幅度最大(P≤0.05)。
{"title":"EVALUATION OF DROUGHT TOLERANCE IN WHEAT (TRITICUM AESTIVUM L.) CULTIVARS AT EARLY SEEDLING STAGE USING POLYETHYLENE GLYCOL INDUCED OSMOTIC STRESS","authors":"A. A. Abro, S. Memon, S. Abro, E. Sam, Ru-yu He, M. H. Rind, Z. Solangi, T., Muhammad, B. Ali, W. Ahmed, W. Dev, M. Abro, N. Rajput, S. Nizamani, M. Nargis, A. R., Kumbhar","doi":"10.36899/japs.2020.4.0111","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.36899/japs.2020.4.0111","url":null,"abstract":"Drought is a grave concern due to changing climate phenomenon which drastically affects wheat production throughout the world. Screening drought tolerant varieties of wheat are important for ameliorating productivity of water scarce areas. An experiment was conducted at physiology division Nuclear Institute of Agriculture Tandojam (Latitude: 25.433 Longitude: 68.533) Sindh, Pakistan during 2016-2017. Treatment included a factorial combination using a completely randomized design (CRD) with three replications. Six wheat cultivars (cv. cultivars IBWSN-1010, IBWSN-1025, TD-1, ESW-9525, Khirman and Chakwal-86) were investigated for their response at seedling stage under different water stress treatments (T-1 0, T-2 -0.5, T-3 -0.75 and T-4 -1.0 MPa) in controlled conditions. The results of experiments with reference to cultivars revealed that cultivar Khirman & IBWSN-1010 showed maximum shoot length (17.33 and 16.68 cm), while the cultivar Khirman and TD-1showed maximum root length (10.02 and 8.67 cm), shoot fresh weight (34.46 g 10 -1 shoots), root fresh wt. (71.76 g 10 -1 shoots), shoot dry wt. (13.55 g 10 -1 shoots), root dry wt. (13.62 g 10 - 1 roots),while the cultivar IBWSN-1010 observed more chlorophyll contents (0.27 mg g1 fresh wt) and ionic contents (K + and Ca2 + , and K + /Ca2 + ratio)(1.05, 1.03 and 0.93 %). Among all the wheat cultivars tested Khirman and IBWSN-1010 are tolerant cultivar sand have the potential to perform better under drought conditions, whereas IBWSN-1025 and Chakwal-86 were moderately tolerant under water stress conditions. Moreover, the cultivars i.e. TD-1 and ESW-9525 are the sensitive cultivars under drought environment. It may be concluded from present in-vitro studies that osmotic stress significantly reduced the shoot/root length fresh and dry weight in all six wheat cultivars. The maximum reduction (P≤0.05) was found at higher osmotic stress induced by PEG-6000 (-1.0 MPa).","PeriodicalId":8656,"journal":{"name":"August 1985","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-04-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"85730436","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-04-25DOI: 10.36899/japs.2020.4.0109
A. Alsaleh, M. Dogrusoz, U. Başaran, A. Tamkoç, M. Avcı
The genus Festuca (Poaceae) occupies a wide range of lands in both hemispheres, with astounding significance endowed by the genetic diversity, intra/inter-species discriminations, and structure analysis of Fescue species based on a reliable molecular marker. While still in the infancy stage, information on genetic structure and relationships of Festuca species from Turkish gene pool have rarely, or never, been subjected to the most needed studies. Six species of genus Festuca were put in the limelight. A total of 598 loci were generated through molecular characterization of 68 accessions by using 19 inter-simple sequence repeats primers. Molecular variance revealed a variation within species and among species of 75% and 25, respectively. The F. ovina showed high values in relation to the number of different alleles, Shannon's information index, and percentage of polymorphic loci. The highest genetic variability, expected and unbiased expected heterozygosity values were detected for F. arundinacea . Nei genetic distance showed that the lowest value was found between F. ovina and F. valesiaca species, while the highest was identified between F. heterophylla and F. pratensis species. An obvious convergence has been detected through Principal Coordinate Analysis, neighbor-joining dendrogram and Structure output, with accessions divided into number-of- species-based groups. The study resulted in implications for genetic revision, which, in turn, may clear the misty vision that geneticists might have regarding fescue; and could be exploited in future genetic resources conservation and breeding
{"title":"GENETIC DIVERSITY AND MOLECULAR TAXONOMY STUDY OF GENUS FESTUCA","authors":"A. Alsaleh, M. Dogrusoz, U. Başaran, A. Tamkoç, M. Avcı","doi":"10.36899/japs.2020.4.0109","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.36899/japs.2020.4.0109","url":null,"abstract":"The genus Festuca (Poaceae) occupies a wide range of lands in both hemispheres, with astounding significance endowed by the genetic diversity, intra/inter-species discriminations, and structure analysis of Fescue species based on a reliable molecular marker. While still in the infancy stage, information on genetic structure and relationships of Festuca species from Turkish gene pool have rarely, or never, been subjected to the most needed studies. Six species of genus Festuca were put in the limelight. A total of 598 loci were generated through molecular characterization of 68 accessions by using 19 inter-simple sequence repeats primers. Molecular variance revealed a variation within species and among species of 75% and 25, respectively. The F. ovina showed high values in relation to the number of different alleles, Shannon's information index, and percentage of polymorphic loci. The highest genetic variability, expected and unbiased expected heterozygosity values were detected for F. arundinacea . Nei genetic distance showed that the lowest value was found between F. ovina and F. valesiaca species, while the highest was identified between F. heterophylla and F. pratensis species. An obvious convergence has been detected through Principal Coordinate Analysis, neighbor-joining dendrogram and Structure output, with accessions divided into number-of- species-based groups. The study resulted in implications for genetic revision, which, in turn, may clear the misty vision that geneticists might have regarding fescue; and could be exploited in future genetic resources conservation and breeding","PeriodicalId":8656,"journal":{"name":"August 1985","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-04-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"78244432","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-04-25DOI: 10.36899/japs.2020.4.0095
G. Liu, G. Bou, X. Wang, J. Xing, H. Qu, Y. Zhao, X. Zhang, S. Su, J. Dong, A. Khan, M. Dugarjaviin
The nutritional requirements of donkeys have not been studied well, therefore, donkeys are being fed according to the horse nutritional plans in China. Keeping in mind the importance of the topic, the best concentrate feed was searched among three different levels i.e., 1, 1.25 and 1.5% based on growth performance, blood profiles and carcass characteristics. In this study, 30 male Dezhou donkeys (weight: 147.36±6.32 kg; age ： 210±10 days) were randomly divided into 3 groups according to daily concentrate intake: 1.00% (Group 1.00), 1.25% (Group 1.25) and 1.50% (Group 1.50) of live weight. Roughage in the form of beanstalk was the only forage for all groups. On the basis of their growth performance, blood parameters, carcass characteristics and visceral indexes, we found that Group 1.50 and 1.25 showed higher average body gain, body sides and carcass percentage ( P≤0.05 ) than Group 1.00, the visceral indices and blood parameters showed no difference among 3 groups ( P>0.05 ). Based on all the fundamental measurements, we could draw a conclusion that concentrates at 1.25% of live weight level is the most efficient quantity to feed Dezhou donkeys.
{"title":"EFFECTS OF CONCENTRATED FEEDS ON GROWTH PERFORMANCE, BLOOD PROFILES AND CARCASS CHARACTERISTICS OF DEZHOU DONKEYS","authors":"G. Liu, G. Bou, X. Wang, J. Xing, H. Qu, Y. Zhao, X. Zhang, S. Su, J. Dong, A. Khan, M. Dugarjaviin","doi":"10.36899/japs.2020.4.0095","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.36899/japs.2020.4.0095","url":null,"abstract":"The nutritional requirements of donkeys have not been studied well, therefore, donkeys are being fed according to the horse nutritional plans in China. Keeping in mind the importance of the topic, the best concentrate feed was searched among three different levels i.e., 1, 1.25 and 1.5% based on growth performance, blood profiles and carcass characteristics. In this study, 30 male Dezhou donkeys (weight: 147.36±6.32 kg; age ： 210±10 days) were randomly divided into 3 groups according to daily concentrate intake: 1.00% (Group 1.00), 1.25% (Group 1.25) and 1.50% (Group 1.50) of live weight. Roughage in the form of beanstalk was the only forage for all groups. On the basis of their growth performance, blood parameters, carcass characteristics and visceral indexes, we found that Group 1.50 and 1.25 showed higher average body gain, body sides and carcass percentage ( P≤0.05 ) than Group 1.00, the visceral indices and blood parameters showed no difference among 3 groups ( P>0.05 ). Based on all the fundamental measurements, we could draw a conclusion that concentrates at 1.25% of live weight level is the most efficient quantity to feed Dezhou donkeys.","PeriodicalId":8656,"journal":{"name":"August 1985","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-04-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"74224512","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-04-25DOI: 10.36899/japs.2020.4.0120
I. Akhtar, A. Rab
A study was done to investigate the effects of harvest stage and perforated packaging on fruit quality and storage in strawberry. Fruit were harvested at three stages of maturity, including the pink, red, and dark red stages, and were stored for 8 days at 5±2°C and 90% RH. The fruit was either unpackaged during storage (control) or stored inside plastic packages that had 12, 18, or 24 circular perforations (0.5cm diameter). Fruit harvested at the dark red stage had the greatest weight loss, total soluble solids (TSS), total sugars, reducing sugars, and sugar/acid ratio, the least number of marketable fruit, the shortest shelf life, and the lowest amount of non-reducing sugars, titratable acidity, moisture content, and ascorbic acid content. In contrast, fruit harvested at the red stage had the greatest number of marketable fruit, the least weight loss, TSS, total sugars, and reducing sugars, and the lowest sugar/acid ratio. Packaging significantly affected fruit storage and quality and was best when fruits were harvested at the red stage and stored in packages with18 perforations.
{"title":"EFFECT OF HARVESTING STAGES AND PERFORATED PACKAGES ON THE QUALITY AND STORAGE LIFE OF STRAWBERRY FRUIT","authors":"I. Akhtar, A. Rab","doi":"10.36899/japs.2020.4.0120","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.36899/japs.2020.4.0120","url":null,"abstract":"A study was done to investigate the effects of harvest stage and perforated packaging on fruit quality and storage in strawberry. Fruit were harvested at three stages of maturity, including the pink, red, and dark red stages, and were stored for 8 days at 5±2°C and 90% RH. The fruit was either unpackaged during storage (control) or stored inside plastic packages that had 12, 18, or 24 circular perforations (0.5cm diameter). Fruit harvested at the dark red stage had the greatest weight loss, total soluble solids (TSS), total sugars, reducing sugars, and sugar/acid ratio, the least number of marketable fruit, the shortest shelf life, and the lowest amount of non-reducing sugars, titratable acidity, moisture content, and ascorbic acid content. In contrast, fruit harvested at the red stage had the greatest number of marketable fruit, the least weight loss, TSS, total sugars, and reducing sugars, and the lowest sugar/acid ratio. Packaging significantly affected fruit storage and quality and was best when fruits were harvested at the red stage and stored in packages with18 perforations.","PeriodicalId":8656,"journal":{"name":"August 1985","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-04-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"78080284","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-04-25DOI: 10.36899/japs.2020.4.0093
L. Rutto, V. Temu, G. Ferreira, M. Kering
More than 50% of hop ( Humulus lupulus L.) biomass is discarded as waste. Potentially, this by-product, comprising leaves, bines, and unrecovered cones (non-cone biomass) can be processed into a high value forage. In this study we used classical forage and hop analysis methods to determine the nutritive and chemical properties of non-cone biomass from five (Cascade, Chinook, Newport, Nugget and Zeus) hop cultivars. Cascade had significantly higher crude protein ( p ≤0.05), while ash, starch and sugar content were not statistically different among cultivars. Acid and neutral detergent fiber ranged between 187-295 g·kg -1 and 274-397 g·kg -1 of DM, respectively, with Cascade recording significantly ( p ≤0.05) higher fiber than other cultivars. In vitro, dry matter (604-685 g·kg -1 ) and NDF (374-478 g·kg -1 ) digestibility were significantly ( p ≤0.05) higher in Newport, while true dry matter disappearance (709-793 g·kg -1 ) was significantly ( p ≤0.05) lower in Cascade. Variations were also observed in plant metal content with Ca being significantly ( p ≤0.05) lower in Cascade, K in Nugget, and S in Zeus, while Mg was highest in Newport. Overall, crude protein and nonstructural carbohydrate content in hop biomass were comparable, respectively, to alfalfa, and to forage grasses like brome and Kentucky bluegrass, and acid and neutral detergent fiber levels were slightly lower than in alfalfa and legume-grass hays. Digestibility also compared favorably to other forages including legume-grass hays and alfalfa silage. Hop biomass can be a good source of dietary calcium, magnesium, and trace elements, and furthermore was found to contain low levels of lupulone, a compound in cone biomass recommended as a natural alternative to synthetic antibiotics. Our findings suggest non-cone hop biomass may be of significant value as a supplement in livestock nutrition.
{"title":"NUTRITIVE VALUE AND IN VITRO DIGESTIBILITY OF NON-CONE HOP (HUMULUS LUPULUS L.) BIOMASS","authors":"L. Rutto, V. Temu, G. Ferreira, M. Kering","doi":"10.36899/japs.2020.4.0093","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.36899/japs.2020.4.0093","url":null,"abstract":"More than 50% of hop ( Humulus lupulus L.) biomass is discarded as waste. Potentially, this by-product, comprising leaves, bines, and unrecovered cones (non-cone biomass) can be processed into a high value forage. In this study we used classical forage and hop analysis methods to determine the nutritive and chemical properties of non-cone biomass from five (Cascade, Chinook, Newport, Nugget and Zeus) hop cultivars. Cascade had significantly higher crude protein ( p ≤0.05), while ash, starch and sugar content were not statistically different among cultivars. Acid and neutral detergent fiber ranged between 187-295 g·kg -1 and 274-397 g·kg -1 of DM, respectively, with Cascade recording significantly ( p ≤0.05) higher fiber than other cultivars. In vitro, dry matter (604-685 g·kg -1 ) and NDF (374-478 g·kg -1 ) digestibility were significantly ( p ≤0.05) higher in Newport, while true dry matter disappearance (709-793 g·kg -1 ) was significantly ( p ≤0.05) lower in Cascade. Variations were also observed in plant metal content with Ca being significantly ( p ≤0.05) lower in Cascade, K in Nugget, and S in Zeus, while Mg was highest in Newport. Overall, crude protein and nonstructural carbohydrate content in hop biomass were comparable, respectively, to alfalfa, and to forage grasses like brome and Kentucky bluegrass, and acid and neutral detergent fiber levels were slightly lower than in alfalfa and legume-grass hays. Digestibility also compared favorably to other forages including legume-grass hays and alfalfa silage. Hop biomass can be a good source of dietary calcium, magnesium, and trace elements, and furthermore was found to contain low levels of lupulone, a compound in cone biomass recommended as a natural alternative to synthetic antibiotics. Our findings suggest non-cone hop biomass may be of significant value as a supplement in livestock nutrition.","PeriodicalId":8656,"journal":{"name":"August 1985","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-04-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"77738978","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-04-25DOI: 10.36899/japs.2020.4.0099
{"title":"COMPARISON OF MOLECULAR AND SEROLOGICAL TESTS FOR DETECTION OF BRUCELLA ABORTUS IN ASYMPTOMATIC BOVINE BREEDING BULLS","authors":"","doi":"10.36899/japs.2020.4.0099","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.36899/japs.2020.4.0099","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":8656,"journal":{"name":"August 1985","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-04-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"81834705","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-04-25DOI: 10.36899/japs.2020.4.0104
M. Naveed, M. Shafiq, M. Nadeem, A. Haq, M. Zahid
The evolution of new crop varieties with desirable traits is a continuous process. A crop variety becomes susceptible to various biotic and abiotic plant stresses with the passage of time, thus, necessitating replacement by genotypes possessing better productivity potential and inbuilt tolerance against different stresses. In this perspective, this article reports the progress of a new chickpea kabuli variety “Noor-2013” developed through conventional plant breeding techniques and possesses improved yield potential, extra bold seed size and ability to tolerate different diseases. In 199900, two local genotypes, K-96033 (female parent) and K-92029 (male parent) were crossed to create genetic variability for grain size by selecting high yielding recombinants with bold grains. For this purpose, from filial generation one (F1) seed, an F2 population was raised and 299 single plant selections (SPS) were made which were advanced to subsequent generations (F3 to F5) over the years in plant-to-row progenies using the pedigree method of plant selection. Only high yielding recombinants with bold grains were advanced to the next generations. Finally, a promising uniform line “K60062” later named as “Noor-2013” with pedigree C.19/19/19/109/148/161/62 was selected from F6 recombinants during 2005-06. Later, this line was evaluated for yield potential, and disease reaction during 2006-2013. On an average in different yield trials (station, adaptation and national), this strain produced 32.3% higher yield in comparison to check varieties/standards (Punjab-Noor, CM-2008, CM-2000 and Noor-91). In this process, the candidate variety “Noor-13” achieved a potential yield of 3282 kg ha-1 in national uniform yield trials (NUYTs) during 2010-11 conducted at Arid Zone Research Institute (AZRI), Bhakkar, Punjab, Pakistan. The grains of this new variety is beige in colour, ramheaded with the 100-grain weight of 34 g. Wider-canopy spread with semi-erect to semi-spread growth habit, bold grains, higher grain yield, resistance to fusarium oxysporum and moderately resistance to ascochyta rabiei are its salient characteristics. This article concludes that the art of conventional plant breeding still leads the modern era of biotechnology in crop varietal development with desirable traits.
{"title":"“NOOR-2013” A BOLD SEEDED AND HIGH YIELDING CHICKPEA KABULI VARIETY DEVELOPED INDIGENOUSLY","authors":"M. Naveed, M. Shafiq, M. Nadeem, A. Haq, M. Zahid","doi":"10.36899/japs.2020.4.0104","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.36899/japs.2020.4.0104","url":null,"abstract":"The evolution of new crop varieties with desirable traits is a continuous process. A crop variety becomes susceptible to various biotic and abiotic plant stresses with the passage of time, thus, necessitating replacement by genotypes possessing better productivity potential and inbuilt tolerance against different stresses. In this perspective, this article reports the progress of a new chickpea kabuli variety “Noor-2013” developed through conventional plant breeding techniques and possesses improved yield potential, extra bold seed size and ability to tolerate different diseases. In 199900, two local genotypes, K-96033 (female parent) and K-92029 (male parent) were crossed to create genetic variability for grain size by selecting high yielding recombinants with bold grains. For this purpose, from filial generation one (F1) seed, an F2 population was raised and 299 single plant selections (SPS) were made which were advanced to subsequent generations (F3 to F5) over the years in plant-to-row progenies using the pedigree method of plant selection. Only high yielding recombinants with bold grains were advanced to the next generations. Finally, a promising uniform line “K60062” later named as “Noor-2013” with pedigree C.19/19/19/109/148/161/62 was selected from F6 recombinants during 2005-06. Later, this line was evaluated for yield potential, and disease reaction during 2006-2013. On an average in different yield trials (station, adaptation and national), this strain produced 32.3% higher yield in comparison to check varieties/standards (Punjab-Noor, CM-2008, CM-2000 and Noor-91). In this process, the candidate variety “Noor-13” achieved a potential yield of 3282 kg ha-1 in national uniform yield trials (NUYTs) during 2010-11 conducted at Arid Zone Research Institute (AZRI), Bhakkar, Punjab, Pakistan. The grains of this new variety is beige in colour, ramheaded with the 100-grain weight of 34 g. Wider-canopy spread with semi-erect to semi-spread growth habit, bold grains, higher grain yield, resistance to fusarium oxysporum and moderately resistance to ascochyta rabiei are its salient characteristics. This article concludes that the art of conventional plant breeding still leads the modern era of biotechnology in crop varietal development with desirable traits.","PeriodicalId":8656,"journal":{"name":"August 1985","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-04-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"87077890","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-04-25DOI: 10.36899/japs.2020.4.0118
M. Saleem, M. Cheema, A. Hassan, S. Shaukat, I. Sajid
Microbes have always been the noteworthy source of antibiotics, enzymes and various other compounds. The emerging issue of multidrug resistance has increased the demand for mining out novel sources of antimicrobial agents. Thus, researchers are now trying to explore the underexplored microbial resources for getting new therapeutics. In this study, 42 endophytic bacteria were isolated, which includes 22 actinobacteria and 20 general bacterial strains from different parts (roots, shoots and leaves) of Carica papaya Linn. The crude extracts of endophytes and plant tissues showed remarkable antimicrobial activity against different pathogenic bacteria such as methicillin resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA), E. coli and Pseudomonas aeruginosa . The extracts also exhibited notable in vitro cytotoxicity against colorectal carcinoma cell lines (HTC 116, ATTC CCL-247) by MTT assay, at the lowest concentration of 0.1mg/ml showing growth inhibition up to 80%. The plant extracts were more potent against MRSA and Bacillus , in comparison to the extracts of endophytic bacteria. Our findings suggested that endophytic bacteria and plant tissue extracts of medicinal plant Carica papaya are promising source of antimicrobial and antitumor compounds. The purification and identification of active compounds from these sources may yield some useful drug candidates.
{"title":"ENDOPHYTES AND PLANT EXTRACTS OF CARICA PAPAYA LINN. EXHIBIT PROMISING ANTIBACTERIAL AND IN-VITRO ANTITUMOR ACTIVITY","authors":"M. Saleem, M. Cheema, A. Hassan, S. Shaukat, I. Sajid","doi":"10.36899/japs.2020.4.0118","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.36899/japs.2020.4.0118","url":null,"abstract":"Microbes have always been the noteworthy source of antibiotics, enzymes and various other compounds. The emerging issue of multidrug resistance has increased the demand for mining out novel sources of antimicrobial agents. Thus, researchers are now trying to explore the underexplored microbial resources for getting new therapeutics. In this study, 42 endophytic bacteria were isolated, which includes 22 actinobacteria and 20 general bacterial strains from different parts (roots, shoots and leaves) of Carica papaya Linn. The crude extracts of endophytes and plant tissues showed remarkable antimicrobial activity against different pathogenic bacteria such as methicillin resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA), E. coli and Pseudomonas aeruginosa . The extracts also exhibited notable in vitro cytotoxicity against colorectal carcinoma cell lines (HTC 116, ATTC CCL-247) by MTT assay, at the lowest concentration of 0.1mg/ml showing growth inhibition up to 80%. The plant extracts were more potent against MRSA and Bacillus , in comparison to the extracts of endophytic bacteria. Our findings suggested that endophytic bacteria and plant tissue extracts of medicinal plant Carica papaya are promising source of antimicrobial and antitumor compounds. The purification and identification of active compounds from these sources may yield some useful drug candidates.","PeriodicalId":8656,"journal":{"name":"August 1985","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-04-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"80577721","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-04-25DOI: 10.36899/japs.2020.4.0117
A. Ahmed, S. Hasnain
Auxins are the phytohormones which play vital role in the growth and development of plants. Among the plant growth promoting rhizobacteria, some bacterial strains can synthesize auxins and help in plant growth stimulation. The present work deals with auxin production potential of the bacterial strains. Eighteen auxin-producing rhizobacteria were isolated and phylogenetically analyzed through 16S rDNA sequencing for identification. The isolated bacterial strains had shown similarity to various genera including Enterobacter , Bacillus , Halomonas , Cronobacter , Exiguobacterium , Kushneria and Arthrobacter spp. Isolates were also characterized morphologically, biochemically and physiologically. Most of the bacterial strains synthesized higher amounts of auxin during stationary phase of their growth. Bacterial auxin synthesis was monitored by varying concentrations of the precursor i.e., L-Tryptophan ranging from 200 to 1200 µgml -1 . The present study revealed variation in the auxin production potential of bacteria belonging to various genera with different phases of their growth and varying amount of Tryptophan available, thus, improved our insight regarding microbial auxin synthesis with reference to their growth and phylogeny which will be helpful in better exploitation of bacterial indole acetic acid (IAA) for phyto-stimulation.
{"title":"EXTRACTION AND EVALUATION OF INDOLE ACETIC ACID FROM INDIGENOUS AUXIN- PRODUCING RHIZOSPHERE BACTERIA","authors":"A. Ahmed, S. Hasnain","doi":"10.36899/japs.2020.4.0117","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.36899/japs.2020.4.0117","url":null,"abstract":"Auxins are the phytohormones which play vital role in the growth and development of plants. Among the plant growth promoting rhizobacteria, some bacterial strains can synthesize auxins and help in plant growth stimulation. The present work deals with auxin production potential of the bacterial strains. Eighteen auxin-producing rhizobacteria were isolated and phylogenetically analyzed through 16S rDNA sequencing for identification. The isolated bacterial strains had shown similarity to various genera including Enterobacter , Bacillus , Halomonas , Cronobacter , Exiguobacterium , Kushneria and Arthrobacter spp. Isolates were also characterized morphologically, biochemically and physiologically. Most of the bacterial strains synthesized higher amounts of auxin during stationary phase of their growth. Bacterial auxin synthesis was monitored by varying concentrations of the precursor i.e., L-Tryptophan ranging from 200 to 1200 µgml -1 . The present study revealed variation in the auxin production potential of bacteria belonging to various genera with different phases of their growth and varying amount of Tryptophan available, thus, improved our insight regarding microbial auxin synthesis with reference to their growth and phylogeny which will be helpful in better exploitation of bacterial indole acetic acid (IAA) for phyto-stimulation.","PeriodicalId":8656,"journal":{"name":"August 1985","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-04-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"85666238","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-04-25DOI: 10.36899/japs.2020.4.0105
I. A. Rajwana, T. Shaheen, A. U. Malik, A. Khan, Mahmood-Ur-Rahman, M. A. Iqbal, Y. Zafar, Mehboob-ur-Rahman
Mango (Mangifera indica L.) is one of the most important fruit crops worldwide. Mango has a long history of cultivation in Indo-Pak region which resulted in the development of novel regional germplasm as well as many famous mango cultivars. For sustaining the mango production especially in the present scenario of changing climate, it is important to characterize and estimate the genetic divergence among the mango genotypes-cultivars germplasm. To the extent of our knowledge, little efforts have been made to explore the magnitude of genetic divergence among the mango genotypescultivars. In this study, the genetic diversity assessments among 32 including 25 local and 7 exotic genotype-cultivars have been calculated using thirty-five simple sequence repeat (SSR) markers. The most informative primer was found Micir-6 while the polymorphism information content (PIC) value of all SSRs was found low, i.e., 0.168 0.5. Genetic diversity ranged from 15% to 47% among cultivars with a mean value 30%. The dissimilarity coefficients based unweighted pair group of arithmetic means (UPGMA) was used to make clusters. Mostly East Indian, North Indian and Pakistani cultivars were grouped in one cluster while South Indian and Florida cultivars in other according to the dendogram. The present study would help in taking proactive decision to buffer the spread of any epidemics and will also be helpful in initiating marker-assisted breeding program for developing cultivars with excellent genetics.
{"title":"A HIGH GENETIC SIMILARITY AMONG THE SELECTED MANGO (MANGIFERA INDICA L.) GENOTYPES-CULTIVARS DEMONSTRATED BY SSR FINGERPRINTING ASSAY","authors":"I. A. Rajwana, T. Shaheen, A. U. Malik, A. Khan, Mahmood-Ur-Rahman, M. A. Iqbal, Y. Zafar, Mehboob-ur-Rahman","doi":"10.36899/japs.2020.4.0105","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.36899/japs.2020.4.0105","url":null,"abstract":"Mango (Mangifera indica L.) is one of the most important fruit crops worldwide. Mango has a long history of cultivation in Indo-Pak region which resulted in the development of novel regional germplasm as well as many famous mango cultivars. For sustaining the mango production especially in the present scenario of changing climate, it is important to characterize and estimate the genetic divergence among the mango genotypes-cultivars germplasm. To the extent of our knowledge, little efforts have been made to explore the magnitude of genetic divergence among the mango genotypescultivars. In this study, the genetic diversity assessments among 32 including 25 local and 7 exotic genotype-cultivars have been calculated using thirty-five simple sequence repeat (SSR) markers. The most informative primer was found Micir-6 while the polymorphism information content (PIC) value of all SSRs was found low, i.e., 0.168 0.5. Genetic diversity ranged from 15% to 47% among cultivars with a mean value 30%. The dissimilarity coefficients based unweighted pair group of arithmetic means (UPGMA) was used to make clusters. Mostly East Indian, North Indian and Pakistani cultivars were grouped in one cluster while South Indian and Florida cultivars in other according to the dendogram. The present study would help in taking proactive decision to buffer the spread of any epidemics and will also be helpful in initiating marker-assisted breeding program for developing cultivars with excellent genetics.","PeriodicalId":8656,"journal":{"name":"August 1985","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-04-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"80204464","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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