Autoimmunity reviews最新文献

{"title":"Burden of inflammatory bowel disease among elderly, 1990–2019: A systematic analysis based on the global burden of disease study 2019","authors":"Liji Chen ,&nbsp;Shaoyu Cheng ,&nbsp;Beiping Zhang ,&nbsp;Cailing Zhong","doi":"10.1016/j.autrev.2024.103708","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.autrev.2024.103708","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Aim</h3><div>The number of elderly patients with inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) has increased dramatically over the past few decades. Understanding the global burden of IBD in the elderly can provide a valuable basis for formulating future healthcare policies. This study aimed to comprehensively assess the global burden of IBD in the elderly from 1990 to 2019.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>We extracted prevalence, incidence, disability-adjusted life-years (DALYs), and mortality data of older adults (60–89 years old) with IBD from 2010 to 2019 from the Global Burden of Disease (GBD) Study 2019, and analyzed in subgroups according to region, country, Socio-demographic Index (SDI), age group, and gender. Additionally, Trends in the global burden of IBD in old age from 1990 to 2019 were analyzed by calculating the estimated annual percentage change (EAPC) in the age-standardized rates (ASDs).</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>From 1990 to 2019, the number of prevalent cases, incident cases, DALYs, and deaths of IBD in older adults increased significantly. Age-standardized rates of incidence, prevalence, DALYs, and mortality all trended downward. Americas, European regions, and high SDI countries had consistently high burdens. Middle SDI countries had the fastest growth in prevalence, incidence, and the fastest decline in DALYs, and mortality. The age-standardized rates of prevalence, incidence, and DALYs for IBD in the elderly were highest in the 60–64 age group, and age-standardized rates of mortality were highest in the 80–84 and 85–89 age groups. No gender differences were observed when stratified by gender.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><div>IBD in older adults has become a global public health burden due to significant increases in the number of prevalent cases, incident cases, DALYs, and deaths. There are marked differences among regions, countries, and between different age groups. Public health practitioners should develop targeted policies to effectively reduce the disease burden of IBD in older adults.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":8664,"journal":{"name":"Autoimmunity reviews","volume":"24 2","pages":"Article 103708"},"PeriodicalIF":9.2,"publicationDate":"2024-11-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142715154","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Anti-lipoprotein lipase antibodies: A review","authors":"Jozélio Freire de Carvalho ,&nbsp;Thelma L. Skare","doi":"10.1016/j.autrev.2024.103695","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.autrev.2024.103695","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><div>Dyslipidemia is described in several autoimmune conditions. Lipoprotein lipase (LPL) is responsible for triglyceride breakdown. Anti-LPL antibodies have been described<strong>.</strong></div></div><div><h3>Objective</h3><div>To review articles on anti-LPL antibodies in autoimmune and non-autoimmune diseases.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>Twenty-two articles were found: 9 case reports and 13 observational studies. In <strong>5 of 9 case reports</strong>, hypertriglyceridemia normalized after immunosuppressive treatment. The observational studies showed the prevalence and associations of anti-LPL antibodies: <strong>systemic lupus erythematosus, found in 37.8 % to 71 % of patients and associated with nephritis, disease activity, and the presence of anti-dsDNA antibodies</strong>. In myositis, the prevalence <strong>ranged from 4 % to 43 % without any reported association</strong>. In scleroderma, <strong>they were found in 35 % to 42 % and associated with skin and lung fibrosis, heart involvement, and the presence of anti-topoisomerase-1 antibodies</strong>. In Sjögren's syndrome and rheumatoid arthritis, they were found in a minority of individuals. They were absent in Behçet's disease, antiphospholipid antibody syndrome, juvenile idiopathic arthritis, juvenile dermatomyositis, and Takayasu arteritis. Three studies were <strong>conducted on dyslipidemic patients without autoimmune conditions, and in one of them, anti-LPL antibodies were associated with necrosis in atherosclerotic plaques</strong>.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusion</h3><div>Anti-LPL antibodies were detected in several autoimmune and non-autoimmune diseases, mainly connective tissue diseases, and were associated with increased triglyceride levels. These antibodies may contribute to the accelerated atherogenesis seen in these patients.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":8664,"journal":{"name":"Autoimmunity reviews","volume":"24 1","pages":"Article 103695"},"PeriodicalIF":9.2,"publicationDate":"2024-11-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142692528","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"MOGAD: A comprehensive review of clinicoradiological features, therapy and outcomes in 4699 patients globally","authors":"Benjamin P. Trewin ,&nbsp;Fabienne Brilot ,&nbsp;Stephen W. Reddel ,&nbsp;Russell C. Dale ,&nbsp;Sudarshini Ramanathan","doi":"10.1016/j.autrev.2024.103693","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.autrev.2024.103693","url":null,"abstract":"&lt;div&gt;&lt;div&gt;Myelin oligodendrocyte glycoprotein antibody-associated disease (MOGAD) is one of the most common antibody-mediated CNS disorders. Optimal diagnostic and prognostic biomarkers remain unclear. Our aim was to clarify these biomarkers and therapeutic outcomes internationally. We reviewed articles from 2007 to 2022 and identified 194 unique cohorts encompassing 4699 paediatric and adult patients from 31 countries.&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;Where phenotypes were specified, the most common initial presentation overall was optic neuritis (ON; paediatric 34 %; adults 60 %), during which 71 % had papilloedema on fundoscopy. The most common phenotype at latest follow-up was relapsing ON (20 %). Only 47 % of patients with 6–24 months of follow-up exhibited a relapsing course, while this proportion was much higher (72 %) when follow-up was extended beyond 5 years. Despite a similar relapse rate, the time to first relapse was much shorter in paediatric than adult patients (6 vs 17 months).&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;Adult MRI-Brain scans performed at onset were more frequently normal than in paediatric patients (50 % vs 27 %). Abnormal MRI scans showing involvement of deep grey matter, cortico-subcortical, periventricular lesions, leptomeningeal enhancement, H-shaped spinal cord lesions, and bilateral optic nerve abnormalities were more common in paediatric patients compared to adults. Conversely, adults demonstrated higher frequencies of eccentric spinal cord lesions and intraorbital involvement. CSF analysis demonstrated intrathecally restricted oligoclonal bands in 12 %, elevated protein in 35 %, and pleocytosis in 54 %. Peripapillary retinal nerve fibre layer (pRNFL) thickness, measured acutely, frequently demonstrated swelling (weighted-median 145 μm; normal 85–110). Most cohorts demonstrated notable pRNFL atrophy at latest follow-up (weighted-median 67 μm). pRNFL thickness was significantly lower when measured at or after six months following ON onset, compared to measurements taken within the first six months following ON onset (&lt;em&gt;p&lt;/em&gt; &lt; 0.001).&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;Therapeutic and outcome data was available for 3031 patients with a weighted-median disease duration of 32 months. Acute immunotherapy was initiated in 97 %, and maintenance immunotherapy in 64 %, with considerable regional variation. Expanded Disability Status Scale (EDSS) scores and visual acuities improved from nadir to latest follow-up in most patients. A negative correlation was noted between follow-up pRNFL thickness and latest follow-up visual acuity (&lt;em&gt;r&lt;/em&gt; = −0.56).&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;Based on this unprecedented global aggregation of MOGAD patients, we reveal a higher proportion of relapsing patients than previously recognised. While commonly used measures like EDSS show significant recovery, they underestimate visual disability following optic neuritis, the most frequent clinical presentation. Our findings suggest that RNFL thickness, especially when measured at least 6 months post-ON, may serve as a more sensit","PeriodicalId":8664,"journal":{"name":"Autoimmunity reviews","volume":"24 1","pages":"Article 103693"},"PeriodicalIF":9.2,"publicationDate":"2024-11-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142692533","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Artificial intelligence meets the world experts; updates and novel therapies in autoimmunity - The 14th international congress on autoimmunity 2024 (AUTO14), Ljubljana","authors":"Naim Mahroum ,&nbsp;Abdulrahman Elsalti ,&nbsp;Maisam Al Shawaf ,&nbsp;Mohammad Darkhabani ,&nbsp;Abdulrahman Alwani ,&nbsp;Ravend Seida ,&nbsp;Muhammet Tayfur Ertas ,&nbsp;Ayse Gulnihan Simsek ,&nbsp;Mustafa Awad ,&nbsp;Mona Habra ,&nbsp;Mohamad Aosama Alrifaai ,&nbsp;Dimitrios Bogdanos ,&nbsp;Yehuda Shoenfeld","doi":"10.1016/j.autrev.2024.103698","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.autrev.2024.103698","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The bi-annual international congress on autoimmunity is a huge opportunity for the medical community to discuss the latest updates in the field. During the 14th congress 2024 (AUTO14) in Ljubljana, artificial intelligence (AI) occupied special attention due to its recent and ongoing unequivocal role in various medical fields including autoimmunity. For instance, through a challenging debate between world-experts and the most popular AI bot used (ChatGPT), several clinical cases including a case of vasculitis were discussed in the plenary sessions. ChatGPT agreed with the clinical decisions made by the experts nevertheless, the bot added additional aspects related to the specific case. In this regard, ChatGPT emphasized the need for osteoporosis prophylaxis in a patient planned to be treated with systemic steroids for a long time. Furthermore, AUTO14 included the newest updates on most autoimmune disorders, distributed among tens of sessions. Among others, infection and autoimmunity, the sequalae of the pandemic of COVID-19, as well as COVID-19 vaccines were discussed as well. Due to the high numbers of the works presented, and for ensuring that important updates are not missed; we divided our paper into sections. The subtitles throughout the paper correspond to different sessions of the congress, all presenting new updates in the field. A figure aiding in navigating throughout the paper was also provided.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":8664,"journal":{"name":"Autoimmunity reviews","volume":"24 1","pages":"Article 103698"},"PeriodicalIF":9.2,"publicationDate":"2024-11-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142685833","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Is it time for treat-to-target in antiphospholipid syndrome?","authors":"Savino Sciascia ,&nbsp;Giuseppe Barilaro ,&nbsp;Massimo Radin ,&nbsp;Ricard Cervera ,&nbsp;Dario Roccatello","doi":"10.1016/j.autrev.2024.103690","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.autrev.2024.103690","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>A treat-to-target (T2T) approach aims to the identification of a clinically relevant therapeutic target and applies tight control (periodic visits at prespecified time-points and treatment adjustments) to achieve it with the goal of improving disease outcomes. The application of a T2T strategy appears to be less feasible in APS compared to other autoimmune diseases. This is primarily explicable by the disease's kaleidoscopic clinical presentation, along with the lack of a definitive tool (biomarkers or scoring system) to assess disease activity, making it complex to recognize a singular, effective therapeutic target for APS patients. Nevertheless, the conceptualization of T2T strategies should be considered a key objective when managing APS, aiming to achieve optimal disease control (including lowering the risk for recurrences), to reduce damage accumulation, and, ultimately, to enhance patients' quality of life.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":8664,"journal":{"name":"Autoimmunity reviews","volume":"24 1","pages":"Article 103690"},"PeriodicalIF":9.2,"publicationDate":"2024-11-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142680697","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Advancing understanding of autoimmune disease-related interstitial lung disease (AD-ILD): A global perspective on research focus and future directions","authors":"Ying-Xian Dong ,&nbsp;Si-Cheng Zhou ,&nbsp;Jie Tian","doi":"10.1016/j.autrev.2024.103697","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.autrev.2024.103697","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><div>Interstitial lung disease (ILD), also known as autoimmune disease-associated ILD (AD-ILD), is a common complication of autoimmune diseases. Its rapid progression and worsening pulmonary fibrosis significantly increase the risk of mortality, leading to poor prognosis. Despite the considerable body of research in this field, there is a lack of bibliometric studies to address global research trends, key hotspots, and future directions.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>This study employed bibliometric methods to analyze 6456 publications related to this field from 1980 to 2024, using data extracted from the Web of Science (WOS) database. Visualization was conducted using tools such as VOSviewer, CiteSpace, and the bibliometrix R package.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>The analysis encompassed contributions from 102 countries, 5957 institutions, and 25,003 researchers, published across 951 journals. Research output has surged since 2018, highlighting increased scholarly attention to the field. The United States produced the largest number of publications, with Mayo Clinic identified as the most prolific institution. The analysis revealed that <em>Rheumatology</em> and <em>Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases</em> had the highest publication volume and co-citation counts in the field, respectively. Dinesh Khanna was identified as the most prolific author, while V.D. Steen emerged as the most highly co-cited author. Keyword analysis highlighted that current AD-ILD research primarily focuses on optimizing diagnostic tools for specific autoimmune diseases, analyzing pathological types and risk factors, and exploring biomarkers and precision therapies. Thematic mapping underscored the need for future research to focus on AD-ILD mechanisms, specific antibodies, diagnostic markers, personalized treatments, and prognostic factors.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusion</h3><div>This study provides a comprehensive bibliometric analysis of AD-ILD-related publications, uncovering global research trends and current hotspots while offering robust guidance for future research directions.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":8664,"journal":{"name":"Autoimmunity reviews","volume":"24 1","pages":"Article 103697"},"PeriodicalIF":9.2,"publicationDate":"2024-11-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142680696","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Global research landscape on antiphospholipid syndrome and systemic lupus erythematosus: Trends, collaborations, and future directions","authors":"Heng Bai ,&nbsp;Jie Tian","doi":"10.1016/j.autrev.2024.103696","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.autrev.2024.103696","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><div>Antiphospholipid syndrome (APS) and systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) are frequently studied together due to their close relationship. Despite significant research in this area, bibliometric studies addressing global research trends, key hotspots, and developmental trajectories are still lacking.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>This study employs bibliometric analysis to examine 2233 publications on APS and SLE from 1989 to 2024, sourced from the Web of Science (WOS) database. Visualization tools, such as the bibliometrix R package, CiteSpace, and VOSviewer, were utilized.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>The analysis includes contributions from 9322 researchers across 2534 institutions in 91 countries, with publications spread across 585 journals. Research activity has increased substantially since 2015, reflecting the growing academic interest in the field. The United States led in publication volume, while Tel Aviv University produced the highest number of publications. <em>Lupus</em> had the highest number of both publications and citations. Yehuda Shoenfeld is the most prolific author, while Ronald A. Asherson is the most co-cited author. Keyword analysis revealed five major themes in APS and SLE research, covering thrombosis, cardiovascular diseases, immune response, pregnancy complications, and other connective tissue diseases. Thematic map emphasized the need for future research to focus on the immune mechanisms of antiphospholipid antibodies, thrombosis management, management of pregnancy complications, and interventions for neuropsychiatric symptoms.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusion</h3><div>This study analyzes the literature on APS and SLE, revealing trends in the research of their immune mechanisms, thrombosis management, pregnancy complications, and neuropsychiatric symptoms, and providing strong guidance for future research directions.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":8664,"journal":{"name":"Autoimmunity reviews","volume":"24 1","pages":"Article 103696"},"PeriodicalIF":9.2,"publicationDate":"2024-11-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142674767","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Treatment of two pediatric patients with refractory systemic lupus erythematosus using CD19-targeted CAR T-cells","authors":"Xue He ,&nbsp;Bin Hu ,&nbsp;Yingzi Zhang ,&nbsp;Fei Liu ,&nbsp;Qiuyu Li ,&nbsp;Chen Zheng ,&nbsp;Junjie Shen ,&nbsp;Zhi Yang ,&nbsp;Jingjing Wang ,&nbsp;Daqing Ma ,&nbsp;Cheng Qian ,&nbsp;Meiping Lu ,&nbsp;Jianhua Mao","doi":"10.1016/j.autrev.2024.103692","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.autrev.2024.103692","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Chimeric antigen receptor (CAR) T-cell therapy has emerged as a promising strategy for treating autoimmune diseases, particularly in systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE). However, CAR T-cell therapy for pediatric patients with SLE remains unexplored. Herein, we present a compelling investigation of two pediatric patients with refractory SLE who underwent infusion of CD19-targeted CAR T-cells. Patients 1 and 2 tolerated the CAR T-cell therapy well, which demonstrated remarkable efficacy after five and four months, respectively.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":8664,"journal":{"name":"Autoimmunity reviews","volume":"24 1","pages":"Article 103692"},"PeriodicalIF":9.2,"publicationDate":"2024-11-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142674776","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Reply to “Refining search and keyword strategies in autoimmune ear disease bibliometric studies”","authors":"Yu-Chen Liu ,&nbsp;Yi-Pin Yang ,&nbsp;Yan-Xun Han ,&nbsp;Bing-Yu Liang ,&nbsp;Hai-Feng Pan ,&nbsp;Ye-Hai Liu","doi":"10.1016/j.autrev.2024.103689","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.autrev.2024.103689","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":8664,"journal":{"name":"Autoimmunity reviews","volume":"24 1","pages":"Article 103689"},"PeriodicalIF":9.2,"publicationDate":"2024-11-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142674772","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The role of musculoskeletal ultrasound in difficult-to-treat RA: Insights from a systematic literature review","authors":"Elisa Bellis ,&nbsp;Federica Agugliaro ,&nbsp;Claudia Garulli ,&nbsp;Silvia Perrone ,&nbsp;Gaetano Liperoti ,&nbsp;Mariele Gatto ,&nbsp;Annamaria Iagnocco","doi":"10.1016/j.autrev.2024.103694","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.autrev.2024.103694","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Difficult-to-treat rheumatoid arthritis (D2TRA) identifies patients with insufficient response to biological or targeted-synthetic disease-modifying drugs (b/ts DMARDs), heralding a more severe phenotype. Musculoskeletal ultrasound (MSK-US) provides information on MSK inflammatory load and damage, being widely used in RA and inflammatory arthritides, yet the US patterns of D2TRA and correlation with clinical parameters have not been unanimously described so far. Here we investigated MSK-US patterns and their prognostic value in D2TRA through a systematic literature review (SLR) across MEDLINE (through PubMed), Scopus and Ovid (Embase) electronic databases. We initially retrieved 2365 papers; following the application of appropriate strings the number was lowered to 22. Among those, three papers fulfilled the required criteria. A total of 159 patients with D2TRA were analyzed. In comparison to non-D2TRA, D2TRA patients exhibited more extensive and severe synovitis, which correlated with higher disease activity scores and poorer treatment outcomes. Most US-affected joints belonged to hand and wrist. Grey-scale (GS) rather than power-Doppler (PD) synovitis score was consistently increased across D2TRA joints. Inclusion of US in recognition of D2TRA decreased the proportion of classifiable patients, identifying the true inflammatory D2T cases. The results of this SLR suggest that standardization of US phenotyping may aid the identification and stratification of D2TRA patients in clinical practice.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":8664,"journal":{"name":"Autoimmunity reviews","volume":"24 1","pages":"Article 103694"},"PeriodicalIF":9.2,"publicationDate":"2024-11-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142666967","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}