Background: Radiological examinations expose the patient to the adverse effects of ionizing radiation, which is more severe among developing children. This can cause excessive and unreasonable fear and anxiety for parents and even disrupt the treatment process. This study aimed to evaluate the parents’ knowledge about dental radiographs for children referred to dentistry, and to assess the relevant factors. Methods: The present study is a cross-sectional analytical study examining parents of children referred to dental clinics from October 2019 to April 2020. The required information included demographic information, and nine statements for assessing parents’ level of knowledge. One-way analysis of variance (ANOVA), independent t-test, and linear regression were used to analyze the data. Ward’s cluster analysis method with a squared Euclidean distance was adopted to include the background and demographic variables. Results: A total of 108 parents of children referred to Ilam dental clinics – including 69 females (68.3%) and 32 males (31.7%) in the 24-51 age range, participated in this study. Among the studied variables, the level of educational attainment of the parents had a highly significant influence (P<0.01) on their knowledge of pediatric radiography. Furthermore, parents holding bachelor’s degrees or higher with an average score of 5.35 had more heightened awareness of radiography than those in other educational groups. Conclusions: Examining the parental radiographic knowledge revealed significant differences among three groups of parents with educational attainment in favor of those with higher educational achievement. In general, three biographical variables, namely age, gender, and household size were found to be less influential. Therefore, the dentists should learn about the educational attainment of the parents and provide them with the required information on treatment accordingly. Due to the relatively poor knowledge of the parents about children’s dental radiographs, it is recommended that plans be developed for raising the parental awareness of the issue in order for reducing their unreasonable fears which may create a burden for dental treatment procedures.
{"title":"Parental Knowledge Regarding Dental Radiography of Children Attending Dental Clinics in Ilam, Iran","authors":"V. Arzani, A. Bagherzadeh","doi":"10.34172/ajdr.2021.15","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.34172/ajdr.2021.15","url":null,"abstract":"Background: Radiological examinations expose the patient to the adverse effects of ionizing radiation, which is more severe among developing children. This can cause excessive and unreasonable fear and anxiety for parents and even disrupt the treatment process. This study aimed to evaluate the parents’ knowledge about dental radiographs for children referred to dentistry, and to assess the relevant factors. Methods: The present study is a cross-sectional analytical study examining parents of children referred to dental clinics from October 2019 to April 2020. The required information included demographic information, and nine statements for assessing parents’ level of knowledge. One-way analysis of variance (ANOVA), independent t-test, and linear regression were used to analyze the data. Ward’s cluster analysis method with a squared Euclidean distance was adopted to include the background and demographic variables. Results: A total of 108 parents of children referred to Ilam dental clinics – including 69 females (68.3%) and 32 males (31.7%) in the 24-51 age range, participated in this study. Among the studied variables, the level of educational attainment of the parents had a highly significant influence (P<0.01) on their knowledge of pediatric radiography. Furthermore, parents holding bachelor’s degrees or higher with an average score of 5.35 had more heightened awareness of radiography than those in other educational groups. Conclusions: Examining the parental radiographic knowledge revealed significant differences among three groups of parents with educational attainment in favor of those with higher educational achievement. In general, three biographical variables, namely age, gender, and household size were found to be less influential. Therefore, the dentists should learn about the educational attainment of the parents and provide them with the required information on treatment accordingly. Due to the relatively poor knowledge of the parents about children’s dental radiographs, it is recommended that plans be developed for raising the parental awareness of the issue in order for reducing their unreasonable fears which may create a burden for dental treatment procedures.","PeriodicalId":8679,"journal":{"name":"Avicenna Journal of Dental Research","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-09-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"83753126","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Z. Khamverdi, L. Rezaei-Soufi, Hamidreza Haseli Paik, Puya Jabari, M. Ahmadian
Background: The application of laser in dentistry for medical purposes such as caries removal, preparation of restorative cavities, and dental surface treatment for more effective bonding of restorative materials to the tooth has been significant. The present experimental study aimed to evaluate the effect of cavity preparation on microleakage by using erbium, chromium-doped yttrium, scandium, gallium, and garnet (Er,Cr:YSGG) lasers, and to compare it with the effect of bur on microleakage in class V composite restorations. Methods: In this experimental study, 20 intact human premolar teeth were randomly divided into 2 equal groups according to the cavity preparation technique: G1: laser cavity preparation (LCP) using a Er,Cr:YSGG laser (Bio Lase, USA), and G2: bur cavity preparation (BCP). Standard class V cavity was prepared on both lingual and buccal surfaces in two groups. The samples underwent thermocycling for 3000 times (5-55ºC) and were immersed in a methylene blue 2% solution for 24 hours. After buccolingual sectioning from the middle of the restoration, a stereomicroscope with 20 x magnification was used to measure the penetration rate of the dye and to determine the score for microleakage. Data were analyzed using SPSS (version 16) software and Mann-Whitney U test (α=5%). Results: According to the study results, the minimum and maximum microleakage values were observed in the occlusal and gingival margins, respectively, which were identically for both groups. Comparing two groups (BCP and LCP) revealed that there was no significant difference between them in terms of microleakage values at the occlusal and gingival margins (P>0.05). Conclusions: It was concluded that cavity preparation using Er,cr:YSGG laser had microleakage values similar to those found with conventional cavity preparation (bur) method in class V composite restorations.
{"title":"Evaluation of the Effect of Cavity Preparation Using Er,Cr:YSGG Laser on Microleakage of Class V Composite Restorations","authors":"Z. Khamverdi, L. Rezaei-Soufi, Hamidreza Haseli Paik, Puya Jabari, M. Ahmadian","doi":"10.34172/ajdr.2021.16","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.34172/ajdr.2021.16","url":null,"abstract":"Background: The application of laser in dentistry for medical purposes such as caries removal, preparation of restorative cavities, and dental surface treatment for more effective bonding of restorative materials to the tooth has been significant. The present experimental study aimed to evaluate the effect of cavity preparation on microleakage by using erbium, chromium-doped yttrium, scandium, gallium, and garnet (Er,Cr:YSGG) lasers, and to compare it with the effect of bur on microleakage in class V composite restorations. Methods: In this experimental study, 20 intact human premolar teeth were randomly divided into 2 equal groups according to the cavity preparation technique: G1: laser cavity preparation (LCP) using a Er,Cr:YSGG laser (Bio Lase, USA), and G2: bur cavity preparation (BCP). Standard class V cavity was prepared on both lingual and buccal surfaces in two groups. The samples underwent thermocycling for 3000 times (5-55ºC) and were immersed in a methylene blue 2% solution for 24 hours. After buccolingual sectioning from the middle of the restoration, a stereomicroscope with 20 x magnification was used to measure the penetration rate of the dye and to determine the score for microleakage. Data were analyzed using SPSS (version 16) software and Mann-Whitney U test (α=5%). Results: According to the study results, the minimum and maximum microleakage values were observed in the occlusal and gingival margins, respectively, which were identically for both groups. Comparing two groups (BCP and LCP) revealed that there was no significant difference between them in terms of microleakage values at the occlusal and gingival margins (P>0.05). Conclusions: It was concluded that cavity preparation using Er,cr:YSGG laser had microleakage values similar to those found with conventional cavity preparation (bur) method in class V composite restorations.","PeriodicalId":8679,"journal":{"name":"Avicenna Journal of Dental Research","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-09-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"80697700","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
F. Mojarad, Niloufar Entezari Moghaddam, M. Farhadian, B. Ahmadi, P. Torkzaban
Background: The best and the most reliable methods to manage the dental plaque are still mechanical procedures. It has been traditionally recommended that a firm fruit such as an apple be eaten to minimize caries and control plaque at the end of a meal. However, several studies have reported contradictory findings about the microbial plaque function of the apples. Some studies, for instance, have found that apples contain sugar and, therefore, can cause plaque growth; some other researches, on the other hand, have shown that they have the potential to decrease plaque due to their mechanical plaque removal function. This study, therefore, aimed to compare the effects of apple-chewing method and that of tooth-brushing one on plaque removal. Methods: The study group included 48 healthy dental students with good oral health status, who were randomly selected to participate in this comparative, crossover clinical study. First, they were asked to brush their teeth or eat an apple. After 2 weeks, the experiment was repeated with the order reversed. Plaque indexes (PIs) were determined as before brushing/apple eating (baseline, B), immediately afterward (A), and 24 hours afterward (24). Results: Over time, there was a significant shift in the plaque index pattern between the groups (P value<0.001) but this discrepancy, in general, was not significant between the group using apple and the one using toothbrush (P value =0.495), as well as between the group using yellow apples, and the ones using red apples or the toothbrushes (P value =0.768). Conclusions: Comparing the two plaque control methods, it was found they were extremely similar; however, chewing yellow apples was discovered to be more effective method in reducing dental plaque than chewing red apples or using toothbrushes.
{"title":"Plaque Removal Efficacy of Chewing Apples and Tooth-Brushing: A Comparative Cross Over Clinical Study","authors":"F. Mojarad, Niloufar Entezari Moghaddam, M. Farhadian, B. Ahmadi, P. Torkzaban","doi":"10.34172/ajdr.2021.17","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.34172/ajdr.2021.17","url":null,"abstract":"Background: The best and the most reliable methods to manage the dental plaque are still mechanical procedures. It has been traditionally recommended that a firm fruit such as an apple be eaten to minimize caries and control plaque at the end of a meal. However, several studies have reported contradictory findings about the microbial plaque function of the apples. Some studies, for instance, have found that apples contain sugar and, therefore, can cause plaque growth; some other researches, on the other hand, have shown that they have the potential to decrease plaque due to their mechanical plaque removal function. This study, therefore, aimed to compare the effects of apple-chewing method and that of tooth-brushing one on plaque removal. Methods: The study group included 48 healthy dental students with good oral health status, who were randomly selected to participate in this comparative, crossover clinical study. First, they were asked to brush their teeth or eat an apple. After 2 weeks, the experiment was repeated with the order reversed. Plaque indexes (PIs) were determined as before brushing/apple eating (baseline, B), immediately afterward (A), and 24 hours afterward (24). Results: Over time, there was a significant shift in the plaque index pattern between the groups (P value<0.001) but this discrepancy, in general, was not significant between the group using apple and the one using toothbrush (P value =0.495), as well as between the group using yellow apples, and the ones using red apples or the toothbrushes (P value =0.768). Conclusions: Comparing the two plaque control methods, it was found they were extremely similar; however, chewing yellow apples was discovered to be more effective method in reducing dental plaque than chewing red apples or using toothbrushes.","PeriodicalId":8679,"journal":{"name":"Avicenna Journal of Dental Research","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-09-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"87692743","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
A. Izadi, Fariboorz Vafaie, Armaghan Shahbazi, Mohamad Taghi Mokri vala
Background: This finite element analysis (FEA) evaluated stress distribution in implant-supported overdenture (ISO) and peri-implant bone using one extracoronal (ball) and two intracoronal (locator and Zest Anchor Advanced Generation (ZAAG)) attachment systems. Methods: In this in vitro study, the mandible was modelled in the form of an arc-shaped bone block with 33 mm height and 8 mm width. Two titanium implants were modelled at the site of canine teeth, and three attachments (ZAGG, locator, and ball) were placed over them. Next, 100 N load was applied at 90° and 30° angles from the molar site of each quadrant to the implants. The stress distribution pattern in the implants and the surrounding bone was analyzed, and the von Mises stress around the implants and in the crestal bone was calculated. Results: While minimum stress in peri-implant bone following load application at 30° angle was noted in the mesial point of the locator attachment, maximum stress was recorded at the distal point of the ball attachment following load application at 90° angle. Maximum stress around the implant following load application at 90° angle was noted in the lingual point of the ball attachment while minimum stress was recorded in the lingual point of the locator attachment following load application at 90° angle. Conclusions: According to the results, the locator attachment is preferred to the ZAAG attachment, and the ball attachment should be avoided if possible.
{"title":"Stress Distribution in Implant-Supported Overdenture and Peri-Implant Bone Using Three Attachment Systems: A Finite Element Analysis","authors":"A. Izadi, Fariboorz Vafaie, Armaghan Shahbazi, Mohamad Taghi Mokri vala","doi":"10.34172/AJDR.2021.11","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.34172/AJDR.2021.11","url":null,"abstract":"Background: This finite element analysis (FEA) evaluated stress distribution in implant-supported overdenture (ISO) and peri-implant bone using one extracoronal (ball) and two intracoronal (locator and Zest Anchor Advanced Generation (ZAAG)) attachment systems. Methods: In this in vitro study, the mandible was modelled in the form of an arc-shaped bone block with 33 mm height and 8 mm width. Two titanium implants were modelled at the site of canine teeth, and three attachments (ZAGG, locator, and ball) were placed over them. Next, 100 N load was applied at 90° and 30° angles from the molar site of each quadrant to the implants. The stress distribution pattern in the implants and the surrounding bone was analyzed, and the von Mises stress around the implants and in the crestal bone was calculated. Results: While minimum stress in peri-implant bone following load application at 30° angle was noted in the mesial point of the locator attachment, maximum stress was recorded at the distal point of the ball attachment following load application at 90° angle. Maximum stress around the implant following load application at 90° angle was noted in the lingual point of the ball attachment while minimum stress was recorded in the lingual point of the locator attachment following load application at 90° angle. Conclusions: According to the results, the locator attachment is preferred to the ZAAG attachment, and the ball attachment should be avoided if possible.","PeriodicalId":8679,"journal":{"name":"Avicenna Journal of Dental Research","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-06-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"75550309","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
S. Abbasi, S. Ebrahimi, Arash Shisheian, M. Farhadian
Background: Acrylic resin teeth wear resistance has an important role in the denture longevity. This study aimed to clarify the effect of glaze coating on wear resistance of three types of artificial acrylic teeth. Methods: In this in vitro study, the wear resistance rate of three of acrylic denture teeth (GENIUS, STON and CLASSIC) was compared with Ivoclar teeth (n=25/group). The wear resistance was measured by estimating the weight loss in pre and post removing glaze coating, following 5000 cycles in the chewing simulator device. Data analysis was made using paired t test, one-way ANOVA and Tukey’s post hoc test. Results: ANOVA test showed that there was no significant difference between the mean amount of wear of GENIUS, CLASSIC, STON and IVOCLAR teeth in the first stage (P <0.061), but this difference was significant (P <0.001) in the second stage. The result of Tukey post hoc test showed that wear rates of GENIUS were significantly lower than other groups (P<0.001). Comparison between the mean wear rates of each dental group at the first and second stages showed a significant difference between average teeth wear resistance of CLASSIC, STON and IVOCLAR in the first and second stages (P <0.001). Conclusions: In conclusion, the teeth wear resistance of STON and CLASSIC were similar to IVOCLAR. Also, after removing the glaze coating, the teeth wear resistance decreased in all groups but was not statistically significant for group GENIUS.
{"title":"The Effect of Glaze Coating on Wear Resistance of Some Acrylic Denture Teeth: An In Vitro Study","authors":"S. Abbasi, S. Ebrahimi, Arash Shisheian, M. Farhadian","doi":"10.34172/AJDR.2021.09","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.34172/AJDR.2021.09","url":null,"abstract":"Background: Acrylic resin teeth wear resistance has an important role in the denture longevity. This study aimed to clarify the effect of glaze coating on wear resistance of three types of artificial acrylic teeth. Methods: In this in vitro study, the wear resistance rate of three of acrylic denture teeth (GENIUS, STON and CLASSIC) was compared with Ivoclar teeth (n=25/group). The wear resistance was measured by estimating the weight loss in pre and post removing glaze coating, following 5000 cycles in the chewing simulator device. Data analysis was made using paired t test, one-way ANOVA and Tukey’s post hoc test. Results: ANOVA test showed that there was no significant difference between the mean amount of wear of GENIUS, CLASSIC, STON and IVOCLAR teeth in the first stage (P <0.061), but this difference was significant (P <0.001) in the second stage. The result of Tukey post hoc test showed that wear rates of GENIUS were significantly lower than other groups (P<0.001). Comparison between the mean wear rates of each dental group at the first and second stages showed a significant difference between average teeth wear resistance of CLASSIC, STON and IVOCLAR in the first and second stages (P <0.001). Conclusions: In conclusion, the teeth wear resistance of STON and CLASSIC were similar to IVOCLAR. Also, after removing the glaze coating, the teeth wear resistance decreased in all groups but was not statistically significant for group GENIUS.","PeriodicalId":8679,"journal":{"name":"Avicenna Journal of Dental Research","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-06-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"87905542","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Background: Gingival biotype can be influenced by genetic factors, tooth-related factors and biological issues. This study aimed to determine the biotype of facial gingival and related factors. Methods: In this study, 300 patients (128 males and 172 females) with a mean age of 36.2 ± 13.27 were selected by simple random sampling. Patients’ characteristics including age, gender, smoking, dental and keratinized gingival anatomy and oral hygiene parameters were recorded and their associations with gingival biotype were investigated using Transparency method. Collected data were analyzed by SPSS24 using t test, Mann-Whitney, ANOVA, and Pearson correlation coefficient. The P<0.05 was considered significant. Results: Frequency of thin gingival biotype was higher than that of thick gingival biotype. There was a significant relationship between gingival biotype of upper central incisors areas and age (P < 0.001), vibratory brushing (P=0.019) and keratinized gingival width (P=0.021). There was also a significant relationship between the gingival biotype of lower central incisor area and gender (P=0.036), vibratory brushing (P=0.010), vertical brushing (P=0.009) and keratinized gingival width (P=0.011). Moreover, a significant direct relationship was discovered between Gingival biotype of upper and lower central incisors areas. No relationship was found between frequency and duration of brushing, dental flossing, plaque index, tooth shape, and smoking with gingival biotype (P> 0.005). Conclusions: Gingival biotype was associated with age, gender and keratinized gingival width, as well as some brushing characteristics such as the brushing method.
{"title":"Frequency Distribution of Gingival Biotype and Related Factors in an Adult Population of Isfahan","authors":"Sima Kiani, S. Khalesi, J. Yaghini, F. Azad","doi":"10.34172/AJDR.2021.10","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.34172/AJDR.2021.10","url":null,"abstract":"Background: Gingival biotype can be influenced by genetic factors, tooth-related factors and biological issues. This study aimed to determine the biotype of facial gingival and related factors. Methods: In this study, 300 patients (128 males and 172 females) with a mean age of 36.2 ± 13.27 were selected by simple random sampling. Patients’ characteristics including age, gender, smoking, dental and keratinized gingival anatomy and oral hygiene parameters were recorded and their associations with gingival biotype were investigated using Transparency method. Collected data were analyzed by SPSS24 using t test, Mann-Whitney, ANOVA, and Pearson correlation coefficient. The P<0.05 was considered significant. Results: Frequency of thin gingival biotype was higher than that of thick gingival biotype. There was a significant relationship between gingival biotype of upper central incisors areas and age (P < 0.001), vibratory brushing (P=0.019) and keratinized gingival width (P=0.021). There was also a significant relationship between the gingival biotype of lower central incisor area and gender (P=0.036), vibratory brushing (P=0.010), vertical brushing (P=0.009) and keratinized gingival width (P=0.011). Moreover, a significant direct relationship was discovered between Gingival biotype of upper and lower central incisors areas. No relationship was found between frequency and duration of brushing, dental flossing, plaque index, tooth shape, and smoking with gingival biotype (P> 0.005). Conclusions: Gingival biotype was associated with age, gender and keratinized gingival width, as well as some brushing characteristics such as the brushing method.","PeriodicalId":8679,"journal":{"name":"Avicenna Journal of Dental Research","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-06-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"88095082","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Ilnaz Farhoodi, Soheil Parsay, S. Hekmatfar, Sahar Musavi, Zahra Mortazavi
Background: Periodontitis is an inflammatory disease of the tooth-supporting structures that can lead to periodontal destruction and tooth loss. It is also a common complication of diabetes mellitus (DM) and tobacco smoking. In this regard, this study aimed to assess the effect of smoking on periodontal disease in diabetic patients. Methods: This case-control study was conducted on 80 diabetic patients who were referred to the clinics of the Department of Periodontics of Ardabil University of Medical Sciences from October 2015 to April 2016. Participants were enrolled in this study in four groups (n=20). Groups 1 and 2 included smoker diabetic patients and 20 non-smoker diabetics, respectively. In addition, groups 3 and 4 served as the control groups and included healthy smoker and non-smoker individuals, respectively. The plaque index (PI), clinical probing depth (CPD), clinical attachment level (CAL), and bleeding on probing (BOP) were measured in the four groups. Results: The four groups were significantly different regarding the PI and CPD (P<0.05). The mean PI was higher in group 1 compared to groups 2 and 3. The highest mean CAL was recorded in group 1. Finally, non-diabetic smokers experienced the lowest mean BOP compared with other groups. Conclusion: DM and tobacco smoking are the known major risk factors for periodontal disease, and the interaction effect of the two factors can aggravate the periodontal status in diabetic patients. Thus, dentists can take an important step in the healthcare system by encouraging their patients to control their DM and quit smoking.
{"title":"Effect of Cigarette Smoking on Periodontal Status of Diabetic Patients","authors":"Ilnaz Farhoodi, Soheil Parsay, S. Hekmatfar, Sahar Musavi, Zahra Mortazavi","doi":"10.34172/AJDR.2021.12","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.34172/AJDR.2021.12","url":null,"abstract":"Background: Periodontitis is an inflammatory disease of the tooth-supporting structures that can lead to periodontal destruction and tooth loss. It is also a common complication of diabetes mellitus (DM) and tobacco smoking. In this regard, this study aimed to assess the effect of smoking on periodontal disease in diabetic patients. Methods: This case-control study was conducted on 80 diabetic patients who were referred to the clinics of the Department of Periodontics of Ardabil University of Medical Sciences from October 2015 to April 2016. Participants were enrolled in this study in four groups (n=20). Groups 1 and 2 included smoker diabetic patients and 20 non-smoker diabetics, respectively. In addition, groups 3 and 4 served as the control groups and included healthy smoker and non-smoker individuals, respectively. The plaque index (PI), clinical probing depth (CPD), clinical attachment level (CAL), and bleeding on probing (BOP) were measured in the four groups. Results: The four groups were significantly different regarding the PI and CPD (P<0.05). The mean PI was higher in group 1 compared to groups 2 and 3. The highest mean CAL was recorded in group 1. Finally, non-diabetic smokers experienced the lowest mean BOP compared with other groups. Conclusion: DM and tobacco smoking are the known major risk factors for periodontal disease, and the interaction effect of the two factors can aggravate the periodontal status in diabetic patients. Thus, dentists can take an important step in the healthcare system by encouraging their patients to control their DM and quit smoking.","PeriodicalId":8679,"journal":{"name":"Avicenna Journal of Dental Research","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-06-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"79773208","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Background: Information on tooth emergence is a key indicator for demonstrating maturity in the diagnosis of certain growth disturbances and an estimation of the chronological age of the children with unknown birth records in forensic dentistry. The association of dental and skeletal maturity with chronologic age among different populations has been investigated by several researchers. Early eruption of permanent molar appears to be a unique finding at such an early chronological age. The present report aimed to present a case of early eruption of mandibular second permanent molar in a seven-year-old girl. Case Report: A seven-year-old girl was referred to the department of pediatric dentistry of Hamadan University with the chief complaint of an extra palatal tooth. Apart from the supernumerary tooth, mandibular second molars and premolars were fully erupted. Radiographic evaluation revealed a closure of the apex of the maxillary and mandibular incisors along with the first molars. For further investigations, the patient was referred to pediatric endocrinologist in order to rule out any systemic disease; however, patient’s test results did not show any systemic or hormonal problems. This case is one of the rare cases of early eruption of mandibular second molars at seven with no underlying problems. To our knowledge, no case of early eruption of second permanent molar has been reported in a seven-year-old child and early eruption of second molar appears to be a unique finding at such an early chronological age. Conclusions: Any change in sequence or timing of the normal tooth eruption is not common, and it needs prepared eyes and adequate knowledge to diagnose and examine it in a timely manner.
{"title":"The Rare Eruption of Second Mandibular Permanent Molar in a Seven-Year-Old Girl: A Case Report","authors":"Arghavan Kamali Sabeti, Niloufar Entezari Moghaddam, Ghazaal Younesi","doi":"10.34172/AJDR.2021.14","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.34172/AJDR.2021.14","url":null,"abstract":"Background: Information on tooth emergence is a key indicator for demonstrating maturity in the diagnosis of certain growth disturbances and an estimation of the chronological age of the children with unknown birth records in forensic dentistry. The association of dental and skeletal maturity with chronologic age among different populations has been investigated by several researchers. Early eruption of permanent molar appears to be a unique finding at such an early chronological age. The present report aimed to present a case of early eruption of mandibular second permanent molar in a seven-year-old girl. Case Report: A seven-year-old girl was referred to the department of pediatric dentistry of Hamadan University with the chief complaint of an extra palatal tooth. Apart from the supernumerary tooth, mandibular second molars and premolars were fully erupted. Radiographic evaluation revealed a closure of the apex of the maxillary and mandibular incisors along with the first molars. For further investigations, the patient was referred to pediatric endocrinologist in order to rule out any systemic disease; however, patient’s test results did not show any systemic or hormonal problems. This case is one of the rare cases of early eruption of mandibular second molars at seven with no underlying problems. To our knowledge, no case of early eruption of second permanent molar has been reported in a seven-year-old child and early eruption of second molar appears to be a unique finding at such an early chronological age. Conclusions: Any change in sequence or timing of the normal tooth eruption is not common, and it needs prepared eyes and adequate knowledge to diagnose and examine it in a timely manner.","PeriodicalId":8679,"journal":{"name":"Avicenna Journal of Dental Research","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-06-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"77177799","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
S. Soheilifar, Yousef AhmadPour, S. Soheilifar, Ashkan Neshati, Pouria Teymouri
Background: Palatal expansion is one of the most common types of orthodontic treatment, which is administered employing different appliances, and is used for the correction of posterior cross bite. This treatment can elevate the palatal cusp on the maxillary first molar, lead to the rotation of mandible, and increase the height of the lower third of the face. In some cases, the use of bite plane is suggested to avoid vertical dimension changes of the face. This study aimed to assess the effect of removable maxillary expanders on facial vertical dimensions. Methods: In this cross-sectional study, 68 patients referring to Hamedan School of Dentistry and being treated using removable maxillary expander with or without bite plane were examined. Pretreatment and post treatment cephalograms of the patients were analyzed by Dolphin Imaging Software 11.9 version, and the results from 5 cephalometric variables, namely the mandibular plane related to SN line, the angle of mandibular plane related to FH, Y axis, the maxillary plane angulation, as well as the lower facial height were calculated. Patient’s transverse dimension was measured by a caliper on the dental casts along the mesiobuccal cusp of maxillary first molars. Paired t test and independent t-test were adopted for carrying out data analysis. Results: There was no significant difference between the two groups in terms of age and sex at the beginning of treatment. However, maxillary plane angulation and Y axis changed significantly in group with bite plane. (P=0.034, P=0.007). The changes were less than 1.5 degrees. No significant difference was observed between the groups with or without bite plane regarding the changes of cephalometric variables during the treatment. The transverse dimension of the arch was increased significantly in both groups. The changes were similar in two groups. Conclusions: According to the results from this study, the presence of bite plane had no advantage over its absence. However, it seemed necessary to design a randomized clinical trial in this regard.
背景:腭扩张是最常见的正畸治疗类型之一，使用不同的矫治器，用于矫正后交叉咬合。这种治疗可以抬高上颌第一磨牙的腭尖，使下颌骨旋转，增加面部下三分之一的高度。在某些情况下，建议使用咬合面，以避免面部垂直尺寸的变化。本研究旨在评估可移动上颌扩张器对面部垂直尺寸的影响。方法:采用横断面研究方法，对68例在Hamedan牙科学院就诊并使用带或不带咬合平面的可移动上颌扩张器治疗的患者进行检查。采用Dolphin Imaging Software 11.9版本对患者治疗前后的头颅图像进行分析，计算下颌平面与SN线的相关角度、下颌平面与FH的相关角度、Y轴、上颌平面成角、面部下高度5个头颅测量变量的结果。用卡尺沿上颌第一磨牙中颊尖在牙模上测量患者的横向尺寸。采用配对t检验和独立t检验进行数据分析。结果:治疗开始时两组患者的年龄、性别差异无统计学意义。牙合平面组上颌平面角度和Y轴变化明显。(P = 0.034, P = 0.007)。变化小于1.5度。在治疗过程中，有无咬合平面组与有咬合平面组的颅面测量指标变化无显著性差异。两组患者弓的横向尺寸均显著增加。两组的变化相似。结论:根据本研究的结果，有咬合平面并不比没有咬合平面有优势。然而，在这方面，似乎有必要设计一项随机临床试验。
{"title":"Evaluation of the Effect of Removable Maxillary Expanders on Facial Vertical Dimension","authors":"S. Soheilifar, Yousef AhmadPour, S. Soheilifar, Ashkan Neshati, Pouria Teymouri","doi":"10.34172/AJDR.2021.08","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.34172/AJDR.2021.08","url":null,"abstract":"Background: Palatal expansion is one of the most common types of orthodontic treatment, which is administered employing different appliances, and is used for the correction of posterior cross bite. This treatment can elevate the palatal cusp on the maxillary first molar, lead to the rotation of mandible, and increase the height of the lower third of the face. In some cases, the use of bite plane is suggested to avoid vertical dimension changes of the face. This study aimed to assess the effect of removable maxillary expanders on facial vertical dimensions. Methods: In this cross-sectional study, 68 patients referring to Hamedan School of Dentistry and being treated using removable maxillary expander with or without bite plane were examined. Pretreatment and post treatment cephalograms of the patients were analyzed by Dolphin Imaging Software 11.9 version, and the results from 5 cephalometric variables, namely the mandibular plane related to SN line, the angle of mandibular plane related to FH, Y axis, the maxillary plane angulation, as well as the lower facial height were calculated. Patient’s transverse dimension was measured by a caliper on the dental casts along the mesiobuccal cusp of maxillary first molars. Paired t test and independent t-test were adopted for carrying out data analysis. Results: There was no significant difference between the two groups in terms of age and sex at the beginning of treatment. However, maxillary plane angulation and Y axis changed significantly in group with bite plane. (P=0.034, P=0.007). The changes were less than 1.5 degrees. No significant difference was observed between the groups with or without bite plane regarding the changes of cephalometric variables during the treatment. The transverse dimension of the arch was increased significantly in both groups. The changes were similar in two groups. Conclusions: According to the results from this study, the presence of bite plane had no advantage over its absence. However, it seemed necessary to design a randomized clinical trial in this regard.","PeriodicalId":8679,"journal":{"name":"Avicenna Journal of Dental Research","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-06-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"79181449","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Background: The combination of chlorhexidine (CHX) and fluoride is believed to enhance the effects of both constituent elements, and reduce their possible side effects. This study aimed to evaluate the effect of CHX containing sodium fluoride on dental plaque, gingival inflammation, and tooth discoloration. Methods: In this double-blind clinical study, 40 patients were selected and randomly divided into two groups. One group was given CHX 0.12%, and the other one was provided with sodium fluoride 0.05%-CHX 0.12% mouthwashes. Plaque index (PI), gingival index (GI), and discoloration index (DI) were measured at the beginning of the study and then after two weeks. Data were analyzed using chi-squared and independent t test. Results: PI and GI were significantly reduced in the group with CHX + sodium fluoride compared to the one with CHX (P<0.001); however, the difference between two groups in terms of DI was not statistically significant (P =0.08). Both groups showed complications, but their differences were not statistically significant (P=0.5). Conclusions: Mouth wash containing CHX + sodium fluoride was more effective in dental plaque control and gingival inflammation than the one only including CHX, although complications were not statistically significant between the two groups.
{"title":"Effect of Chlorhexidine Containing Fluoride on Dental Plaque, Gingivitis, and Tooth Discoloration: A Randomized Clinical Trial","authors":"F. Taghizadeh, E. Fakhari","doi":"10.34172/AJDR.2021.13","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.34172/AJDR.2021.13","url":null,"abstract":"Background: The combination of chlorhexidine (CHX) and fluoride is believed to enhance the effects of both constituent elements, and reduce their possible side effects. This study aimed to evaluate the effect of CHX containing sodium fluoride on dental plaque, gingival inflammation, and tooth discoloration. Methods: In this double-blind clinical study, 40 patients were selected and randomly divided into two groups. One group was given CHX 0.12%, and the other one was provided with sodium fluoride 0.05%-CHX 0.12% mouthwashes. Plaque index (PI), gingival index (GI), and discoloration index (DI) were measured at the beginning of the study and then after two weeks. Data were analyzed using chi-squared and independent t test. Results: PI and GI were significantly reduced in the group with CHX + sodium fluoride compared to the one with CHX (P<0.001); however, the difference between two groups in terms of DI was not statistically significant (P =0.08). Both groups showed complications, but their differences were not statistically significant (P=0.5). Conclusions: Mouth wash containing CHX + sodium fluoride was more effective in dental plaque control and gingival inflammation than the one only including CHX, although complications were not statistically significant between the two groups.","PeriodicalId":8679,"journal":{"name":"Avicenna Journal of Dental Research","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-06-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"82014026","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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