Hamed Karkehabadi, Shahriar Shahriari, Faraz Sedaghat, E. Yarmohammadi, H. Abbaspourrokni
Background: This study aimed to assess the effects of calcium hydroxide, Biodentine, calcium-enriched mixture (CEM) cement, and mineral trioxide aggregate (MTA) on root dentin flexural strength after a 30-day exposure period. Methods: This in vitro experimental study evaluated 25 freshly extracted sound human incisors with no caries or restorations. The apical 5 mm and the coronal two-thirds of the crowns were cut such that all samples had 10 mm length. Dentin samples (n=20 in each group) were then exposed to 2 mm thickness of calcium hydroxide, Biodentine, CEM cement, MTA, or saline (control) in petri dishes for 30 days. Finally, dentin samples were subjected to a three-point bending test after the intervention, and the flexural strength data were analyzed using one-way ANOVA, Tukey’s test, and t test. Results: Thirty-day exposure to all four biomaterials decreased the flexural strength of root dentin (P 0.05). Conclusions: In general, all four tested biomaterials decrease the dentin strength although this reduction is more prominent by calcium hydroxide.
{"title":"Short-term Effect of Four Root Filling Materials on the Flexural Strength of Human Root Dentin","authors":"Hamed Karkehabadi, Shahriar Shahriari, Faraz Sedaghat, E. Yarmohammadi, H. Abbaspourrokni","doi":"10.34172/AJDR.2021.04","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.34172/AJDR.2021.04","url":null,"abstract":"Background: This study aimed to assess the effects of calcium hydroxide, Biodentine, calcium-enriched mixture (CEM) cement, and mineral trioxide aggregate (MTA) on root dentin flexural strength after a 30-day exposure period. Methods: This in vitro experimental study evaluated 25 freshly extracted sound human incisors with no caries or restorations. The apical 5 mm and the coronal two-thirds of the crowns were cut such that all samples had 10 mm length. Dentin samples (n=20 in each group) were then exposed to 2 mm thickness of calcium hydroxide, Biodentine, CEM cement, MTA, or saline (control) in petri dishes for 30 days. Finally, dentin samples were subjected to a three-point bending test after the intervention, and the flexural strength data were analyzed using one-way ANOVA, Tukey’s test, and t test. Results: Thirty-day exposure to all four biomaterials decreased the flexural strength of root dentin (P 0.05). Conclusions: In general, all four tested biomaterials decrease the dentin strength although this reduction is more prominent by calcium hydroxide.","PeriodicalId":8679,"journal":{"name":"Avicenna Journal of Dental Research","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-03-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"76076163","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Background: Statins are effective therapeutic agents for the treatment of cardiovascular diseases. Their favorable effects on various aspects of oral health including promising effects on bone metabolism and pleiotropic impacts such as anti-inflammatory properties made these drugs a current area of interest in the field of orthodontics. Therefore, the aim of this study was to evaluate the effects of statins on orthodontic tooth movement (OTM) in animals undergoing orthodontic treatments. Methods: Several databases were comprehensively searched for studies measuring the effects of statins on the OTM up to January 2020, including MEDLINE, ISI Web of Science, EMBASE, Scopus, and Cochrane. Animal studies evaluating the effects of statins on tooth movements in animals undergoing orthodontic treatments were selected based on the PICO model .Study selection, data extraction, risk of bias, and study quality assessment were independently performed by two reviewers. Finally, the data were analyzed using random-effects meta-analysis and the mean difference (MD) was used for comparing the outcome measures. Results: Three randomized trials were finally included in this meta-analysis. According to the Systematic Review Centre for Laboratory animal Experimentation Tool, all the included studies had at least one domain at a high risk of bias. The amount of the OTM was insignificantly lower in the statin group (MD = 0.134 mm, %95 confidence interval = -0.020-0.288, P>0.05). Conclusions: Due to the low quality and methodological inconsistencies among the included studies, conclusive confirmation regarding the effect of statins on the OTM remains debatable. Trail Registration: The protocol of this study was registered on PROSPERO (https://www.crd.york.ac.uk/ PROSPERO/) with the ID # CRD42020164155.
背景:他汀类药物是治疗心血管疾病的有效药物。它们对口腔健康的各个方面都有良好的影响，包括对骨代谢的有希望的影响和多效性的影响，如抗炎特性，使这些药物成为目前正畸学领域的一个感兴趣的领域。因此，本研究的目的是评估他汀类药物对正畸治疗动物正畸牙齿运动(OTM)的影响。方法:综合检索截至2020年1月的几个数据库，包括MEDLINE、ISI Web of Science、EMBASE、Scopus和Cochrane，以测量他汀类药物对OTM的影响。根据PICO模型选择评估他汀类药物对正畸治疗动物牙齿运动影响的动物研究。研究选择、数据提取、偏倚风险和研究质量评估由两位评论者独立完成。最后，使用随机效应荟萃分析对数据进行分析，并使用平均差异(MD)来比较结果测量。结果:三个随机试验最终被纳入meta分析。根据实验动物实验工具系统评价中心，所有纳入的研究至少有一个领域存在高偏倚风险。他汀类药物组的OTM数量无统计学意义(MD = 0.134 mm， %95可信区间= -0.020-0.288,P < 0.05)。结论:由于纳入的研究质量低，方法不一致，关于他汀类药物对OTM的影响的结论性确认仍有争议。试验注册:本研究的方案在PROSPERO (https://www.crd.york.ac.uk/ PROSPERO/)上注册，ID # CRD42020164155。
{"title":"The Effect of Statins on Orthodontic Tooth Movements: A Meta-analysis of Animal Studies","authors":"Zohreh Afshari, S. Tahamtan, Farinaz Shirban","doi":"10.34172/AJDR.2021.06","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.34172/AJDR.2021.06","url":null,"abstract":"Background: Statins are effective therapeutic agents for the treatment of cardiovascular diseases. Their favorable effects on various aspects of oral health including promising effects on bone metabolism and pleiotropic impacts such as anti-inflammatory properties made these drugs a current area of interest in the field of orthodontics. Therefore, the aim of this study was to evaluate the effects of statins on orthodontic tooth movement (OTM) in animals undergoing orthodontic treatments. Methods: Several databases were comprehensively searched for studies measuring the effects of statins on the OTM up to January 2020, including MEDLINE, ISI Web of Science, EMBASE, Scopus, and Cochrane. Animal studies evaluating the effects of statins on tooth movements in animals undergoing orthodontic treatments were selected based on the PICO model .Study selection, data extraction, risk of bias, and study quality assessment were independently performed by two reviewers. Finally, the data were analyzed using random-effects meta-analysis and the mean difference (MD) was used for comparing the outcome measures. Results: Three randomized trials were finally included in this meta-analysis. According to the Systematic Review Centre for Laboratory animal Experimentation Tool, all the included studies had at least one domain at a high risk of bias. The amount of the OTM was insignificantly lower in the statin group (MD = 0.134 mm, %95 confidence interval = -0.020-0.288, P>0.05). Conclusions: Due to the low quality and methodological inconsistencies among the included studies, conclusive confirmation regarding the effect of statins on the OTM remains debatable. Trail Registration: The protocol of this study was registered on PROSPERO (https://www.crd.york.ac.uk/ PROSPERO/) with the ID # CRD42020164155.","PeriodicalId":8679,"journal":{"name":"Avicenna Journal of Dental Research","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-03-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"84750803","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Ilnaz Farhoodi, Zahra Mortazavi, R. Dargahi, A. Baghi
Background: Periodontal disease is a common disorder in approximately 5%-10% of all pregnant women. The evidence suggests that periodontitis can increase the risk of preeclampsia. It seems that chronic systemic inflammation resulting from periodontal disease may be an important factor. However, some studies have ruled out any correlation between periodontal disease parameters and blood pressure. Therefore, this study was conducted to determine the correlation between periodontal disease and preeclampsia in Iranian pregnant women. Methods: This case-control study was conducted on 40 randomly selected preeclamptic patients as the case group and 40 randomly selected healthy pregnant women as the control group aged up to 35 years with gestational age of less than 34 weeks. Preeclampsia was diagnosed by a gynecologist as sustained pregnancy-induced hypertension (BP≥140/90 mm Hg within 6 hours) with proteinuria (with urine protein concentrations ≥1 mg/dl on a catheterized urine sample). All the participants underwent periodontal examinations, including the measurements of the pocket depth (PD), clinical attachment loss (CAL), bleeding on probing (BOP), and plaque index (PI) in all the teeth except the third molar and second distal molar teeth. Statistical analysis was performed using the Mann-Whitney U test and P<0.05 was considered as statistically significant. Results: The results showed that prevalence of periodontal disease was significantly higher in the preeclamptic group. The quantitative analysis of periodontal parameters between the groups indicated that mean values of the BOP, CAL, PD, and PI were significantly higher in the preeclamptic group, compared to those reported for the control group (P<0.001). Conclusions: The results of the present study showed that periodontal indices are more severe in pregnant women with preeclampsia, compared to those reported for normal pregnant subjects.
背景:牙周病是一种常见病，约占所有孕妇的5%-10%。有证据表明牙周炎会增加子痫前期的风险。由牙周病引起的慢性全身性炎症似乎是一个重要因素。然而，一些研究已经排除了牙周病参数和血压之间的任何相关性。因此，本研究旨在确定伊朗孕妇牙周病与子痫前期的相关性。方法:随机选取40例子痫前期患者作为病例组，随机选取40例孕周小于34周、年龄不超过35岁的健康孕妇作为对照组。子痫前期由妇科医生诊断为持续妊娠性高血压(6小时内血压≥140/90 mm Hg)伴蛋白尿(尿中尿蛋白浓度≥1 mg/dl)。所有参与者都进行了牙周检查，包括测量口袋深度(PD)、临床附着损失(CAL)、探测出血(BOP)和除第三磨牙和第二远端磨牙外所有牙齿的菌斑指数(PI)。采用Mann-Whitney U检验进行统计学分析，P<0.05为差异有统计学意义。结果:子痫前期组牙周病患病率明显增高。两组间牙周参数的定量分析显示，与对照组相比，子痫前期组的BOP、CAL、PD和PI的平均值显著高于对照组(P<0.001)。结论:本研究结果表明，与正常孕妇相比，子痫前期孕妇的牙周指数更严重。
{"title":"Comparing Periodontal Status Between Pregnant Women with Preeclampsia and Normal Women","authors":"Ilnaz Farhoodi, Zahra Mortazavi, R. Dargahi, A. Baghi","doi":"10.34172/AJDR.2021.03","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.34172/AJDR.2021.03","url":null,"abstract":"Background: Periodontal disease is a common disorder in approximately 5%-10% of all pregnant women. The evidence suggests that periodontitis can increase the risk of preeclampsia. It seems that chronic systemic inflammation resulting from periodontal disease may be an important factor. However, some studies have ruled out any correlation between periodontal disease parameters and blood pressure. Therefore, this study was conducted to determine the correlation between periodontal disease and preeclampsia in Iranian pregnant women. Methods: This case-control study was conducted on 40 randomly selected preeclamptic patients as the case group and 40 randomly selected healthy pregnant women as the control group aged up to 35 years with gestational age of less than 34 weeks. Preeclampsia was diagnosed by a gynecologist as sustained pregnancy-induced hypertension (BP≥140/90 mm Hg within 6 hours) with proteinuria (with urine protein concentrations ≥1 mg/dl on a catheterized urine sample). All the participants underwent periodontal examinations, including the measurements of the pocket depth (PD), clinical attachment loss (CAL), bleeding on probing (BOP), and plaque index (PI) in all the teeth except the third molar and second distal molar teeth. Statistical analysis was performed using the Mann-Whitney U test and P<0.05 was considered as statistically significant. Results: The results showed that prevalence of periodontal disease was significantly higher in the preeclamptic group. The quantitative analysis of periodontal parameters between the groups indicated that mean values of the BOP, CAL, PD, and PI were significantly higher in the preeclamptic group, compared to those reported for the control group (P<0.001). Conclusions: The results of the present study showed that periodontal indices are more severe in pregnant women with preeclampsia, compared to those reported for normal pregnant subjects.","PeriodicalId":8679,"journal":{"name":"Avicenna Journal of Dental Research","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-03-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"90174397","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
M. Sheikhi, Seyed Ali Saleh Gholami, M. Ghazizadeh
Background: Detailed knowledge of the three-dimensional (3D) anatomical structures in precise treatment planning prior to implant placement is necessary. The choice of imaging techniques plays an important role in achieving the required information to measure exact dimensions. Cone beam computed tomography (CBCT) has increasingly been used for diagnosis and treatment in the fields of periodontology, endodontic, and orthodontics. It is also used as the preoperative evaluation of patients who are candidates for dental implant treatment. Dental implant placement is an important application of CBCT in dentistry. One of the features of CBCT is the possibility of changing the slice thickness while reviewing images. In this study, we examined the linear measurement accuracy of CBCT for determining the height of alveolar crest to the mental foramen in cross-sectional view with different slice thicknesses and in tangential view. Methods: We used five dry human mandibles in this study. Then the distance from the highest tip of alveolar crest to the upper border of mental foramen was measured by digital caliper (as gold standard) and on CBCT images in cross sectional view with 1, 3, 5, 7 and 9 mm slice thicknesses and in tangential view. Data were analyzed using IBM SPSS Statistics software version 22, paired t test, and inter class correlation. Results: Data were collected by evaluation of 5 dry mandible and 240 measurements. There were significant differences only in tangential view and 1 mm slice thickness option in cross-sectional view with the gold standard (P=0.003 and P=0.018 respectively). The results did not show any differences between the observers (P<0.001). Conclusions: Our results indicated that cross-sectional view is more accurate than tangential view, and 3 and 5 mm slice thicknesses are preferred for measurement.
{"title":"Accuracy of CBCT Linear Measurements to Determine the Height of Alveolar Crest to the Mental Foramen","authors":"M. Sheikhi, Seyed Ali Saleh Gholami, M. Ghazizadeh","doi":"10.34172/AJDR.2021.01","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.34172/AJDR.2021.01","url":null,"abstract":"Background: Detailed knowledge of the three-dimensional (3D) anatomical structures in precise treatment planning prior to implant placement is necessary. The choice of imaging techniques plays an important role in achieving the required information to measure exact dimensions. Cone beam computed tomography (CBCT) has increasingly been used for diagnosis and treatment in the fields of periodontology, endodontic, and orthodontics. It is also used as the preoperative evaluation of patients who are candidates for dental implant treatment. Dental implant placement is an important application of CBCT in dentistry. One of the features of CBCT is the possibility of changing the slice thickness while reviewing images. In this study, we examined the linear measurement accuracy of CBCT for determining the height of alveolar crest to the mental foramen in cross-sectional view with different slice thicknesses and in tangential view. Methods: We used five dry human mandibles in this study. Then the distance from the highest tip of alveolar crest to the upper border of mental foramen was measured by digital caliper (as gold standard) and on CBCT images in cross sectional view with 1, 3, 5, 7 and 9 mm slice thicknesses and in tangential view. Data were analyzed using IBM SPSS Statistics software version 22, paired t test, and inter class correlation. Results: Data were collected by evaluation of 5 dry mandible and 240 measurements. There were significant differences only in tangential view and 1 mm slice thickness option in cross-sectional view with the gold standard (P=0.003 and P=0.018 respectively). The results did not show any differences between the observers (P<0.001). Conclusions: Our results indicated that cross-sectional view is more accurate than tangential view, and 3 and 5 mm slice thicknesses are preferred for measurement.","PeriodicalId":8679,"journal":{"name":"Avicenna Journal of Dental Research","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-03-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"80586617","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Background: Microleakage is defined as the passage of bacteria, fluid, molecules or ions between the cavity walls and restorative material. There are limited studies in the literature that have compared the microleakage of the newer restorative materials. Therefore, the aim of this study is to compare and evaluate microleakage in Class II cavity in primary molars restored with glass ionomer cement, zirconomer and cention N using stereomicroscope. Method: Standardized Class II cavities were prepared on the extracted primary molars All the prepared samples were divided into 3 experimental groups and were restored as follows: Group I- GIC (GC Universal Restorative); Group II- Zirconomer (SHOFU Inc., Kyoto, Japan) and Group III- Cention-N (Ivoclar Vivadent). The restored teeth were thermocycled, immersed in methylene blue dye and sectioned along the mesiodistal direction. The dye penetration at the occlusal surface and cervical surface was evaluated and compared using a stereo-microscope. Data was analysed using Krushal-Wallis test (Non-parametric ANOVA). Results: Among the three restorative materials, Cention N as compared to GIC and Zirconomer showed least microleakage at both the occlusal surface and cervical surface. Conclusion: Cention N a newer restorative material displayed lesser microleakage as compared to GIC and Zirconomer.
{"title":"Comparative Evaluation of Microleakage in Class II Cavity in Primary Molars Restored With Glass Ionomer Cement, Zirconomer, and Cention N Using Stereomicroscope: An In Vitro Study","authors":"Harshal P. Patil, J. Winnier","doi":"10.34172/AJDR.2021.02","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.34172/AJDR.2021.02","url":null,"abstract":"Background: Microleakage is defined as the passage of bacteria, fluid, molecules or ions between the cavity walls and restorative material. There are limited studies in the literature that have compared the microleakage of the newer restorative materials. Therefore, the aim of this study is to compare and evaluate microleakage in Class II cavity in primary molars restored with glass ionomer cement, zirconomer and cention N using stereomicroscope. Method: Standardized Class II cavities were prepared on the extracted primary molars All the prepared samples were divided into 3 experimental groups and were restored as follows: Group I- GIC (GC Universal Restorative); Group II- Zirconomer (SHOFU Inc., Kyoto, Japan) and Group III- Cention-N (Ivoclar Vivadent). The restored teeth were thermocycled, immersed in methylene blue dye and sectioned along the mesiodistal direction. The dye penetration at the occlusal surface and cervical surface was evaluated and compared using a stereo-microscope. Data was analysed using Krushal-Wallis test (Non-parametric ANOVA). Results: Among the three restorative materials, Cention N as compared to GIC and Zirconomer showed least microleakage at both the occlusal surface and cervical surface. Conclusion: Cention N a newer restorative material displayed lesser microleakage as compared to GIC and Zirconomer.","PeriodicalId":8679,"journal":{"name":"Avicenna Journal of Dental Research","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-03-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"78513524","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Background: Peripheral giant cell granuloma (PGCG) or the so-called giant cell epulis is the most common oral giant cell lesion. It normally appears as a soft tissue purple-red nodule. This lesion is certainly not a true neoplasm, but in nature, it may be reactive, thought to be stimulated by local irritation or trauma. Nonetheless, the exact cause is definitely not understood well. In appearance, lesions vary from smooth, uniformly outlined masses to irregularly developed, multilobed surface indentation protuberances. Margin ulcerations are occasionally observed as well. The lesions are painless, differ in size, and can cover many teeth. It may be a lesion on the gingiva or alveolar crest that is sessile or pedunculated, common with respect to the molars and incisors and occurs in reaction to the local response.
{"title":"Dental Management of Peripheral Giant Cell Granuloma in an 8-Year-Old Boy: A Case Report","authors":"Arghavan Kamali Sabeti, Niloofar Entezari Moghaddam, Fariba Naderi","doi":"10.34172/AJDR.2021.07","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.34172/AJDR.2021.07","url":null,"abstract":"Background: Peripheral giant cell granuloma (PGCG) or the so-called giant cell epulis is the most common oral giant cell lesion. It normally appears as a soft tissue purple-red nodule. This lesion is certainly not a true neoplasm, but in nature, it may be reactive, thought to be stimulated by local irritation or trauma. Nonetheless, the exact cause is definitely not understood well. In appearance, lesions vary from smooth, uniformly outlined masses to irregularly developed, multilobed surface indentation protuberances. Margin ulcerations are occasionally observed as well. The lesions are painless, differ in size, and can cover many teeth. It may be a lesion on the gingiva or alveolar crest that is sessile or pedunculated, common with respect to the molars and incisors and occurs in reaction to the local response.","PeriodicalId":8679,"journal":{"name":"Avicenna Journal of Dental Research","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-03-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"74271920","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Background: Pain is one of the most common complications after tooth extraction and pain control is a crucial part of the procedure. The purpose of this study was to investigate the influence of 0.2% (w/v) chlorhexidine (CHX) gluconate mouth rinse on the severity of post-extraction pain. Methods: A prospective, randomized, double-blind trial was conducted among 170 subjects. Subjects were instructed to rinse with 15 mL of CHX mouth rinse (study group) or placebo (control group) 0.5 to 1 hour before extraction. Post-operative pain was evaluated considering the number of taken rescue analgesics and using a visual analog scale (VAS) that each case completed 6, 12, 24, and 48 hours after the surgery. The Mann-Whitney U test was performed in this regard. Results: There were no significant differences between the two groups regarding demographic variables (P>0.05). The preoperative use of CHX mouth rinse showed a better performance in mitigating the perceived pain. A significant difference in the pain level (P=0.001) was found only at the 6th hour postoperatively although there was no significant difference in the pain level between the two groups (P>0.05) at all other times (12th, 24th, 48th hours). The total number of analgesics that were taken by the study group was significantly lower compared to the control group (P=0.042). Conclusions: The preoperative CHX mouth rinse could be a beneficial choice for reducing pain after simple tooth extractions.
背景:疼痛是拔牙后最常见的并发症之一，疼痛控制是拔牙过程中至关重要的一部分。本研究旨在探讨0.2% (w/v)葡萄糖酸氯己定(CHX)漱口水对拔牙后疼痛严重程度的影响。方法:采用前瞻性、随机、双盲试验，纳入170例受试者。受试者被指示在提取前0.5 ~ 1小时用15 mL CHX漱口水(研究组)或安慰剂(对照组)漱口。采用视觉模拟评分法(VAS)评估患者术后6、12、24、48小时的镇痛效果。在这方面进行了Mann-Whitney U检验。结果:两组患者人口学指标差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。术前使用CHX漱口水对减轻疼痛感有较好的效果。两组在术后12、24、48小时的疼痛水平差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)，但仅在术后6小时疼痛水平差异有统计学意义(P=0.001)。研究组使用镇痛药的总剂量明显低于对照组(P=0.042)。结论:CHX漱口水是单纯拔牙术后减轻疼痛的有益选择。
{"title":"Effectiveness of Preoperative Chlorhexidine Mouthwash on Pain After Lower Posterior Teeth Removal: A Randomized, Double-Blind Clinical Trial","authors":"A. Haghighat, S. Ramezanzade","doi":"10.34172/AJDR.2020.23","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.34172/AJDR.2020.23","url":null,"abstract":"Background: Pain is one of the most common complications after tooth extraction and pain control is a crucial part of the procedure. The purpose of this study was to investigate the influence of 0.2% (w/v) chlorhexidine (CHX) gluconate mouth rinse on the severity of post-extraction pain. Methods: A prospective, randomized, double-blind trial was conducted among 170 subjects. Subjects were instructed to rinse with 15 mL of CHX mouth rinse (study group) or placebo (control group) 0.5 to 1 hour before extraction. Post-operative pain was evaluated considering the number of taken rescue analgesics and using a visual analog scale (VAS) that each case completed 6, 12, 24, and 48 hours after the surgery. The Mann-Whitney U test was performed in this regard. Results: There were no significant differences between the two groups regarding demographic variables (P>0.05). The preoperative use of CHX mouth rinse showed a better performance in mitigating the perceived pain. A significant difference in the pain level (P=0.001) was found only at the 6th hour postoperatively although there was no significant difference in the pain level between the two groups (P>0.05) at all other times (12th, 24th, 48th hours). The total number of analgesics that were taken by the study group was significantly lower compared to the control group (P=0.042). Conclusions: The preoperative CHX mouth rinse could be a beneficial choice for reducing pain after simple tooth extractions.","PeriodicalId":8679,"journal":{"name":"Avicenna Journal of Dental Research","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-12-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"88788920","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
S. Ghasemi, Safa Raeesi, Katayoun Sadr, A. Kiafar, A. Babaloo
Background: Incorporating antifungal drugs into liners has been proposed to treat denture stomatitis. Varnish application on tissue conditioners can decrease the porosities and irregularities, biofilm, and pathogens adhesion. In this study, we evaluated the effect of varnish application on releasing the antifungal drugs incorporated into tissue conditioners. Methods: Pure form of nystatin and fluconazole were mixed into tissue conditioner powder separately at 5% wt/wt concentration and prepared according to manufacturer’s instruction. Then, disk-shaped specimens (5 mm in diameter and 1 mm in thickness) were prepared at 30 nystatin and 30 fluconazole specimens. Varnish (containing 50 mL of 1,1,1-trichloroethane and 3 ml of self-cured resin) was applied on the surface of 15 disks of each drug and the other specimens were used as the control group (without varnish). Next, the disks were put in agar plates cultured with standard Candida albicans and incubated for 7 days. Mean inhibition diameter for each disk was measured with digital caliper at 24 hours, 3 days, and 7 days. Each step was performed in triplicate. Data was analyzed with one-way ANOVA and Friedman, Wilcoxon, and Mann-Whitney U tests. Results: The mean inhibition diameter (MID) at days 1, 3, and 7 in fluconazole without varnish group was 12.63, 3.90, and 3.67, respectively; in fluconazole with varnish was 3.00, 2.50, and 2.50, respectively; in nystatin without varnish was 5.78, 3.90, and 3.87, respectively; in nystatin with varnish group was 2.50, 0.00, and 0.00, respectively. fluconazole without varnish group exhibited significantly higher MID and nystatin with varnish group had lower MID. Conclusions: In this experimental study, fluconazole was more effective than nystatin. In groups without varnish, antifungal effect continued up to day 7. Using varnish in tissue conditioner can decrease antifungal effect.
{"title":"An In Vitro Analysis of the Antifungal Effect of Nystatin and Fluconazole Incorporated into Tissue Conditioner with and Without Using Varnish Containing Self-cured Resin and 1,1,1-Trichloroethane","authors":"S. Ghasemi, Safa Raeesi, Katayoun Sadr, A. Kiafar, A. Babaloo","doi":"10.34172/AJDR.2020.22","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.34172/AJDR.2020.22","url":null,"abstract":"Background: Incorporating antifungal drugs into liners has been proposed to treat denture stomatitis. Varnish application on tissue conditioners can decrease the porosities and irregularities, biofilm, and pathogens adhesion. In this study, we evaluated the effect of varnish application on releasing the antifungal drugs incorporated into tissue conditioners. Methods: Pure form of nystatin and fluconazole were mixed into tissue conditioner powder separately at 5% wt/wt concentration and prepared according to manufacturer’s instruction. Then, disk-shaped specimens (5 mm in diameter and 1 mm in thickness) were prepared at 30 nystatin and 30 fluconazole specimens. Varnish (containing 50 mL of 1,1,1-trichloroethane and 3 ml of self-cured resin) was applied on the surface of 15 disks of each drug and the other specimens were used as the control group (without varnish). Next, the disks were put in agar plates cultured with standard Candida albicans and incubated for 7 days. Mean inhibition diameter for each disk was measured with digital caliper at 24 hours, 3 days, and 7 days. Each step was performed in triplicate. Data was analyzed with one-way ANOVA and Friedman, Wilcoxon, and Mann-Whitney U tests. Results: The mean inhibition diameter (MID) at days 1, 3, and 7 in fluconazole without varnish group was 12.63, 3.90, and 3.67, respectively; in fluconazole with varnish was 3.00, 2.50, and 2.50, respectively; in nystatin without varnish was 5.78, 3.90, and 3.87, respectively; in nystatin with varnish group was 2.50, 0.00, and 0.00, respectively. fluconazole without varnish group exhibited significantly higher MID and nystatin with varnish group had lower MID. Conclusions: In this experimental study, fluconazole was more effective than nystatin. In groups without varnish, antifungal effect continued up to day 7. Using varnish in tissue conditioner can decrease antifungal effect.","PeriodicalId":8679,"journal":{"name":"Avicenna Journal of Dental Research","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-12-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"87737767","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Marouf Noruzi, M. Mostafavi, A. Ghaznavi, A. A. Abdollahi
Background: Determining the incidence and anatomic features of accessory mental foramen (AMF) in the Iranian population is of vital importance. This study investigated the prevalence and anatomic characteristics of AMF using cone-beam computed tomography (CBCT) in a selected Iranian population. Methods: A total of 853 CBCT images from 440 women and 413 men were examined in this cross-sectional retrospective study. The images were evaluated by two independent observers using reconstructed 3-dimensional, cross-sectional, and panoramic views. Several parameters were assessed, including the location of AMF relative to mental foramen (MF), size and the point of canal bifurcations, and the distance between the main and accessory canals. Finally, statistical differences in the AMF prevalence in terms of gender and direction and its location were evaluated by the Mann-Whitney U test (P<0.05). Results: The prevalence of AMF was 10.55%, which was more frequently located in the posterior inferior area relative to the main MF, and its nerve was more frequently originated from the anterior loop (P=0.001). There were no statistically significant differences in gender (P=0.26) and direction (P=0.4). The mean distance of AMF was 7.62 mm. The mean height of MF and the AMF vertical height were 13.65 mm and 52.12 mm in those with AMF on one side, respectively, and this difference was statistically significant (P=0.001). The sizes of the MF and AMF were 3.2 mm (large diameter), 2.3 mm (small diameter), and 1.4 mm (large diameter), and 1.1 mm (small diameter), respectively. Conclusions: Based on the findings of the present study, the prevalence of AMF according to hemi-mandibular was 5.80% in the selected Iranian population. Thus, AMF might branch from any section of the inferior alveolar nerve and the mandibular canal.
背景:确定伊朗人群中精神副孔(AMF)的发生率和解剖特征至关重要。本研究使用锥形束计算机断层扫描(CBCT)在选定的伊朗人群中调查了AMF的患病率和解剖特征。方法:在这项横断面回顾性研究中，共检查了440名女性和413名男性的853张CBCT图像。图像由两个独立的观察者使用重建的三维，横断面和全景视图进行评估。评估了几个参数，包括AMF相对于精神孔(MF)的位置，管的大小和分叉点，以及主管和副管之间的距离。最后，采用Mann-Whitney U检验评估AMF患病率在性别、方向和发病地点上的统计学差异(P<0.05)。结果:AMF患病率为10.55%，相对于主MF多发生于后下区，其神经发源于前袢较多(P=0.001)。性别(P=0.26)、方向(P=0.4)差异无统计学意义。AMF的平均距离为7.62 mm。单侧AMF组MF平均高度为13.65 mm, AMF垂直高度为52.12 mm，差异有统计学意义(P=0.001)。MF和AMF的尺寸分别为3.2 mm(大直径)、2.3 mm(小直径)、1.4 mm(大直径)和1.1 mm(小直径)。结论:根据本研究的结果，在选定的伊朗人群中，根据半下颌的AMF患病率为5.80%。因此，AMF可能从下牙槽神经和下颌管的任何部分分支。
{"title":"Prevalence and Anatomic Characteristics of Accessory Mental Foramen Using Cone-Beam Computed Tomography Views in an Iranian Population","authors":"Marouf Noruzi, M. Mostafavi, A. Ghaznavi, A. A. Abdollahi","doi":"10.34172/AJDR.2020.27","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.34172/AJDR.2020.27","url":null,"abstract":"Background: Determining the incidence and anatomic features of accessory mental foramen (AMF) in the Iranian population is of vital importance. This study investigated the prevalence and anatomic characteristics of AMF using cone-beam computed tomography (CBCT) in a selected Iranian population. Methods: A total of 853 CBCT images from 440 women and 413 men were examined in this cross-sectional retrospective study. The images were evaluated by two independent observers using reconstructed 3-dimensional, cross-sectional, and panoramic views. Several parameters were assessed, including the location of AMF relative to mental foramen (MF), size and the point of canal bifurcations, and the distance between the main and accessory canals. Finally, statistical differences in the AMF prevalence in terms of gender and direction and its location were evaluated by the Mann-Whitney U test (P<0.05). Results: The prevalence of AMF was 10.55%, which was more frequently located in the posterior inferior area relative to the main MF, and its nerve was more frequently originated from the anterior loop (P=0.001). There were no statistically significant differences in gender (P=0.26) and direction (P=0.4). The mean distance of AMF was 7.62 mm. The mean height of MF and the AMF vertical height were 13.65 mm and 52.12 mm in those with AMF on one side, respectively, and this difference was statistically significant (P=0.001). The sizes of the MF and AMF were 3.2 mm (large diameter), 2.3 mm (small diameter), and 1.4 mm (large diameter), and 1.1 mm (small diameter), respectively. Conclusions: Based on the findings of the present study, the prevalence of AMF according to hemi-mandibular was 5.80% in the selected Iranian population. Thus, AMF might branch from any section of the inferior alveolar nerve and the mandibular canal.","PeriodicalId":8679,"journal":{"name":"Avicenna Journal of Dental Research","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-12-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"74490127","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Background: This study aimed to determine the impact of laser radiation on the repair bond strength of dental composite restorations by gathering, assessing, and systematically reviewing previous articles referring to this issue. Methods: Several previous studies relevant to the objectives of this research were found in PubMed, Scopus, and Web of Science databases. All prior articles indexed in these databases according to the selected keywords until 2018 were gathered and assessed. Some article abstracts showed the necessary basic conditions for inclusion in the study. Therefore, the full texts of these relevant articles were further evaluated in terms of the study objectives. Results: A total of 300 relevant articles were obtained by searching the databases. Eight studies remained highly relevant after performing a title review, eliminating the duplicate articles, and implementing the selection criteria. The latest study was conducted in 2018. A statistically significant difference was observed between the impacts of laser and other methods in the seven of these final relevant studies. Of these articles, five indicated a better impact in the case of other methods, particularly the dental milling technique, and one study was related to the impacts of the laser method. Additionally, the Er,Cr: YSGG laser was considered the most adequate laser in these studies. Conclusions: According to the review of prior studies on the impact of laser radiation on the repair bond strength of composite restorations, Er: YAG and Er,Cr: YSGG lasers are advised for surface preparation of composites. However, surface preparation by adopting the milling technique remains the adequate choice for repairing composites.
背景:本研究旨在通过收集、评估和系统回顾相关文献，确定激光辐射对口腔复合材料修复体修复结合强度的影响。方法:在PubMed, Scopus和Web of Science数据库中找到与本研究目标相关的几项先前研究。根据所选关键词收集并评估2018年之前在这些数据库中索引的所有先前文章。部分文章摘要显示了纳入本研究的必要基本条件。因此，根据研究目的对这些相关文章的全文进行进一步评价。结果:检索数据库共获得相关文献300篇。在进行标题审查、消除重复文章和执行选择标准后，8项研究仍然高度相关。最新的研究是在2018年进行的。在这些最终的相关研究中，有7项观察到激光与其他方法的影响有统计学意义的差异。在这些文章中，有五篇表明其他方法的影响更好，特别是牙铣技术，一项研究与激光方法的影响有关。此外，在这些研究中，Er,Cr: YSGG激光器被认为是最合适的激光器。结论:通过对以往激光辐射对复合材料修复体修复结合强度影响的研究综述，建议使用Er: YAG和Er,Cr: YSGG激光进行复合材料的表面制备。然而，采用铣削技术进行表面处理仍然是修复复合材料的合适选择。
{"title":"Examining the Effect of Laser Radiation on the Repair of Dental Composite Restorations: A Systematic Review","authors":"L. Rezaei-Soufi, F. Maddah, Y. Mohammadi","doi":"10.34172/AJDR.2020.28","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.34172/AJDR.2020.28","url":null,"abstract":"Background: This study aimed to determine the impact of laser radiation on the repair bond strength of dental composite restorations by gathering, assessing, and systematically reviewing previous articles referring to this issue. Methods: Several previous studies relevant to the objectives of this research were found in PubMed, Scopus, and Web of Science databases. All prior articles indexed in these databases according to the selected keywords until 2018 were gathered and assessed. Some article abstracts showed the necessary basic conditions for inclusion in the study. Therefore, the full texts of these relevant articles were further evaluated in terms of the study objectives. Results: A total of 300 relevant articles were obtained by searching the databases. Eight studies remained highly relevant after performing a title review, eliminating the duplicate articles, and implementing the selection criteria. The latest study was conducted in 2018. A statistically significant difference was observed between the impacts of laser and other methods in the seven of these final relevant studies. Of these articles, five indicated a better impact in the case of other methods, particularly the dental milling technique, and one study was related to the impacts of the laser method. Additionally, the Er,Cr: YSGG laser was considered the most adequate laser in these studies. Conclusions: According to the review of prior studies on the impact of laser radiation on the repair bond strength of composite restorations, Er: YAG and Er,Cr: YSGG lasers are advised for surface preparation of composites. However, surface preparation by adopting the milling technique remains the adequate choice for repairing composites.","PeriodicalId":8679,"journal":{"name":"Avicenna Journal of Dental Research","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-12-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"79301243","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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