Journal of biometrics & biostatistics最新文献

Sample Size Charts for Spearman and Kendall Coefficients Spearman和Kendall系数的样本量图表

Journal of biometrics & biostatistics

Pub Date : 2020-01-01 DOI: 10.37421/2155-6180.2020.11.440

Justin May, S. Looney

Bivariate correlation analysis is one of the most commonly used statistical methods. Unfortunately, it is generally the case that little or no attention is given to sample size determination when planning a study in which correlation analysis will be used. For example, our review of clinical research journals indicated that none of the 111 articles published in 2014 that presented correlation results provided a justification for the sample size used in the correlation analysis. There are a number of easily accessible tools that can be used to determine the required sample size for inference based on a Pearson correlation coefficient; however, we were unable to locate any widely available tools that can be used for sample size calculations for a Spearman correlation coefficient or a Kendall coefficient of concordance. In this article, we provide formulas and charts that can be used to determine the required sample size for inference based on either of these coefficients. Additional sample size charts are provided in the Supplementary Materials.

双变量相关分析是最常用的统计方法之一。不幸的是，在计划使用相关分析的研究时，通常很少或根本没有注意到样本量的确定。例如，我们对临床研究期刊的回顾表明，在2014年发表的111篇文章中，没有一篇提供了相关结果，为相关分析中使用的样本量提供了理由。有许多易于使用的工具可用于确定基于Pearson相关系数的推理所需的样本量;然而，我们无法找到任何广泛可用的工具，可用于计算Spearman相关系数或Kendall一致性系数的样本量。在本文中，我们提供了公式和图表，可用于确定基于这些系数的推理所需的样本大小。补充资料中提供了额外的样本大小图表。

引用次数: 31

Semiparametric Likelihood Estimation with Clayton-Oakes Model for Multivariate Current Status Data 多变量状态数据的Clayton-Oakes模型半参数似然估计

Journal of biometrics & biostatistics

Pub Date : 2020-01-01 DOI: 10.29011/jbsb-109.100009

引用次数: 0

Analytical Visual Methods to Describe Practice Patterns in a Newly Diagnosed Multiple Myeloma Non-Interventional Disease Registry 分析视觉方法描述新诊断多发性骨髓瘤非介入性疾病登记的实践模式

Journal of biometrics & biostatistics

Pub Date : 2020-01-01 DOI: 10.37421/2155-6180.2020.11.438

Lihua Yue, Siwen He, Jay Cao, Ying-Ying Lu, Ahmed H. YoussefAgha, Jane Jiu Lu, Liang Liu, S. Srinivasan

Our Biometric team was tasked with implementing a primary objective of a newly diagnosed Multiple Myeloma registry to describe practice patterns of common first-line treatment regimens and subsequent therapeutic strategies. This manuscript describes analytical visual methods we used to understand and summarize a complex data structure. We aim to present these methods in a cohesive holistic manner which threads together materials published over time, each with focused narrower objectives, deriving from this primary objective. Methods described in detail elsewhere are briefly revisited here to provide that holistic perspective and to provide details on subsequent variants in newer applications. These have also been used in clinical publications. The coding and graphical display related details corresponding to our Sankey plot clinical publication, for which our methods are unpublished, will also be provided.

我们的生物识别团队的任务是实现新诊断的多发性骨髓瘤登记的主要目标，以描述常见一线治疗方案和后续治疗策略的实践模式。本文描述了我们用来理解和总结复杂数据结构的分析可视化方法。我们的目标是以一种有凝聚力的整体方式呈现这些方法，这些方法将随着时间的推移而出版的材料结合在一起，每个方法都有聚焦的更窄的目标，源于这个主要目标。这里将简要地重新讨论在其他地方详细描述的方法，以提供整体的观点，并提供有关新应用程序中后续变体的详细信息。这些也被用于临床出版物。还将提供我们的Sankey plot临床出版物对应的编码和图形显示相关细节，我们的方法未发表。

引用次数: 0

PROSPECTIVELY ESTIMATING THE AGE OF INITIATION OF E-CIGARETTES AMONG U.S. YOUTH: FINDINGS FROM THE POPULATION ASSESSMENT OF TOBACCO AND HEALTH (PATH) STUDY, 2013-2017. 前瞻性估计美国青少年开始吸电子烟的年龄:2013-2017年烟草与健康(路径)研究的人口评估结果。

Journal of biometrics & biostatistics

Pub Date : 2020-01-01 Epub Date: 2020-05-19

Adriana Pérez, Meagan Bluestein, Baojiang Chen, Cheryl L Perry, Melissa B Harrell

Context: There is a lack of research that prospectively estimates the age of initiation of electronic cigarette use in U.S. youth. Younger ages of initiation of tobacco product use are associated with greater exposure to nicotine, and recently e-cigarette use has been associated with subsequent cigarette initiation. This study sought to estimate the distribution of the age of first reporting of e-cigarette use outcomes among youth never e-cigarette users overall, by sex and by race/ethnicity, prospectively.

Methods: Secondary analysis of the Population Assessment of Tobacco and Health (PATH) youth dataset (ages 12-17) across waves 1 (2013-2014), 2 (2014-2015), 3 (2015-2016), and 4 (2016-2017) were conducted. Four outcomes are presented, age of first report of: (i) susceptibility to use, (ii) ever use, (iii) past 30-day use, and (iv) "fairly regular" e-cigarette use. Each outcome was prospectively estimated using participant age when they entered the study and the number of weeks between the last report of never use and the first report of each outcome across waves. Weighted survival analyses for interval censoring accounting for the complex survey design were implemented.

Results: Among youth non-susceptible to e-cigarettes, 50.2% became susceptible to e-cigarette use by age 18. There were no statistically significant differences in the age of first report of susceptibility to e-cigarette use by sex or by race/ethnicity in this nationally representative sample of U.S. youth. Among never users, 41.7%, 23.5% and 10.3% initiated ever, past 30-day and "fairly regular" e-cigarette use by the age of 18, respectively. Less than 10% initiated ever e-cigarette use between the ages of 18 and 21. Boys had a higher risk of first reporting ever, past 30-day and "fairly regular" e-cigarette use at earlier ages than girls. Non-Hispanic Blacks and Other racial/ethnic groups were less likely than Non-Hispanic Whites to initiate ever e-cigarette use at earlier ages, and there was no difference between Non-Hispanic Whites and Hispanics. Hispanic, Non-Hispanic Black and Other racial/ethnic youth were less likely to first report past 30-day use and "fairly regular" e-cigarette use at earlier ages than Non-Hispanic White youth.

Conclusion: This paper provides information on specific ages of the first report of e-cigarette use behaviors by sex and by race/ethnicity that can be used to culturally tailor e-cigarette interventions on specific windows of opportunity before youth begin using e-cigarettes or escalating their use.

背景:缺乏对美国青少年开始使用电子烟年龄进行前瞻性估计的研究。开始使用烟草制品的年龄越小，接触尼古丁越多，最近使用电子烟与随后开始吸烟有关。本研究试图按性别和种族/民族前瞻性地估计从未使用过电子烟的青少年首次报告电子烟使用结果的年龄分布。方法:对第1波(2013-2014)、第2波(2014-2015)、第3波(2015-2016)和第4波(2016-2017)进行烟草与健康人口评估(PATH)青少年数据集(12-17岁)的二次分析。提出了四种结果，首次报告的年龄:(i)使用易感性，(ii)曾经使用，(iii)使用30天以上，(iv)“相当规律地”使用电子烟。每个结果都是通过参与者进入研究时的年龄和最后一次报告从不使用和第一次报告每个结果之间的周数进行前瞻性估计的。考虑到复杂的调查设计，对区间筛选进行加权生存分析。结果:在对电子烟不敏感的青少年中，50.2%的人在18岁之前对电子烟敏感。在这个具有全国代表性的美国青年样本中，首次报告电子烟易感性的年龄在性别或种族/民族方面没有统计学上的显著差异。在从未吸过电子烟的人群中，分别有41.7%、23.5%和10.3%的人在18岁之前开始吸电子烟、吸了30天以上、“相当有规律地”吸电子烟。不到10%的人在18至21岁之间开始使用电子烟。与女孩相比，男孩在更早的年龄首次报告使用电子烟的风险更高，超过30天，并且“相当有规律”地使用电子烟。非西班牙裔黑人和其他种族/族裔群体比非西班牙裔白人更不可能在更早的年龄开始使用电子烟，非西班牙裔白人和西班牙裔之间没有差异。与非西班牙裔白人青年相比，西班牙裔、非西班牙裔黑人和其他种族/族裔青年首次报告使用超过30天的电子烟和“相当规律”的早期电子烟的可能性较小。结论:本文提供了按性别和种族/民族划分的电子烟使用行为第一份报告的特定年龄的信息，可用于在青少年开始使用电子烟或升级使用电子烟之前针对特定机会窗口进行文化定制电子烟干预。

{"title":"PROSPECTIVELY ESTIMATING THE AGE OF INITIATION OF E-CIGARETTES AMONG U.S. YOUTH: FINDINGS FROM THE POPULATION ASSESSMENT OF TOBACCO AND HEALTH (PATH) STUDY, 2013-2017.","authors":"Adriana Pérez, Meagan Bluestein, Baojiang Chen, Cheryl L Perry, Melissa B Harrell","doi":"","DOIUrl":"","url":null,"abstract":"Context: There is a lack of research that prospectively estimates the age of initiation of electronic cigarette use in U.S. youth. Younger ages of initiation of tobacco product use are associated with greater exposure to nicotine, and recently e-cigarette use has been associated with subsequent cigarette initiation. This study sought to estimate the distribution of the age of first reporting of e-cigarette use outcomes among youth never e-cigarette users overall, by sex and by race/ethnicity, prospectively.Methods: Secondary analysis of the Population Assessment of Tobacco and Health (PATH) youth dataset (ages 12-17) across waves 1 (2013-2014), 2 (2014-2015), 3 (2015-2016), and 4 (2016-2017) were conducted. Four outcomes are presented, age of first report of: (i) susceptibility to use, (ii) ever use, (iii) past 30-day use, and (iv) \"fairly regular\" e-cigarette use. Each outcome was prospectively estimated using participant age when they entered the study and the number of weeks between the last report of never use and the first report of each outcome across waves. Weighted survival analyses for interval censoring accounting for the complex survey design were implemented.Results: Among youth non-susceptible to e-cigarettes, 50.2% became susceptible to e-cigarette use by age 18. There were no statistically significant differences in the age of first report of susceptibility to e-cigarette use by sex or by race/ethnicity in this nationally representative sample of U.S. youth. Among never users, 41.7%, 23.5% and 10.3% initiated ever, past 30-day and \"fairly regular\" e-cigarette use by the age of 18, respectively. Less than 10% initiated ever e-cigarette use between the ages of 18 and 21. Boys had a higher risk of first reporting ever, past 30-day and \"fairly regular\" e-cigarette use at earlier ages than girls. Non-Hispanic Blacks and Other racial/ethnic groups were less likely than Non-Hispanic Whites to initiate ever e-cigarette use at earlier ages, and there was no difference between Non-Hispanic Whites and Hispanics. Hispanic, Non-Hispanic Black and Other racial/ethnic youth were less likely to first report past 30-day use and \"fairly regular\" e-cigarette use at earlier ages than Non-Hispanic White youth.Conclusion: This paper provides information on specific ages of the first report of e-cigarette use behaviors by sex and by race/ethnicity that can be used to culturally tailor e-cigarette interventions on specific windows of opportunity before youth begin using e-cigarettes or escalating their use.","PeriodicalId":87294,"journal":{"name":"Journal of biometrics & biostatistics","volume":"11 4","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7861570/pdf/nihms-1661052.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"25341830","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Short Prognostic APP for Multiple Myeloma 多发性骨髓瘤的短期预后APP

Journal of biometrics & biostatistics

Pub Date : 2020-01-01 DOI: 10.37421/2155-6180.2020.11.439

S. Srinivasan, Lihua Yue

We briefly describe methods pertaining to the development of a prognostic tool for Multiple Myeloma and direct readers to detail published clinical and methods manuscripts. This short communication provides a simpler combined version of nomograms for predicting early and late survival in the context of Multiple Myeloma.

我们简要地描述了与多发性骨髓瘤预后工具的发展有关的方法，并指导读者详细阅读已发表的临床和方法手稿。这种简短的交流为预测多发性骨髓瘤的早期和晚期生存提供了一种更简单的组合形式的nomogram。

引用次数: 0

Investigating the Male and Older People Susceptibility to Death from (COVID-19) Using Statistical Models 利用统计模型调查男性和老年人对COVID-19死亡的易感性

Journal of biometrics & biostatistics

Pub Date : 2020-01-01 DOI: 10.37421/2155-6180.2020.11.445

R. Mamlook, Zakaria Hashi, Tiba Zaki Abdulhameed, H. Bzizi

Introduction: Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) is one of the serious infectious diseases that is caused by a specific virus called syndrome coronavirus 2 viruses (SARSCoV-2). The rapid spread of COVID19 raises serious concerns about the globally growing death rate. Currently, cases are doubled in one week around the world. Recorded data shows that COVID-19 does not infect all patients equally. This opportunistic virus can affect people of any age and gender. Information about the reason for high mortality in the age group 60 and older is limited. The gender differences among all deceased are poorly known. To understand more about COVID-19, this study aims to examine the different age groups among the death and focuses on comparing genders between males and females. Method: Statistical analysis including Pearson’s Chi-squared (χ2) and binary logistic regression was conducted based on existing data to examine factors relating to death, such as age and gender. Adjusted odds ratios (ORs) with 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were calculated for death. Results: The results show that males were 2.51 more likely to die of coronavirus COVID-19 than females. Moreover, the study found a significant increase in death for patients age 60 and older compared to patients age less than 40. Thus, males of 80+ age were found to be highly associated with death. Conclusions: Older people and male are more susceptible to death from COVID-19,we should pay more attention to the elderly people and male with COVID-19. This imposes providing careful health care for this population.

2019冠状病毒病(COVID-19)是由一种名为综合征冠状病毒2 (SARSCoV-2)的特定病毒引起的严重传染病之一。covid - 19的快速传播引发了人们对全球死亡率不断上升的严重担忧。目前，世界各地的病例在一周内翻了一番。记录数据显示，COVID-19并不是平等地感染所有患者。这种机会性病毒可以影响任何年龄和性别的人。关于60岁及以上年龄组死亡率高的原因的资料有限。所有死者的性别差异尚不清楚。为了更多地了解COVID-19，本研究旨在研究死亡的不同年龄组，并重点比较男性和女性的性别。方法:根据已有资料，采用Pearson χ2和二元logistic回归进行统计学分析，探讨年龄、性别等与死亡相关的因素。计算死亡率的校正优势比(ORs)和95%可信区间(CIs)。结果:男性死于新冠肺炎的可能性比女性高2.51%。此外，该研究还发现，与40岁以下的患者相比，60岁及以上患者的死亡率显著增加。因此，80岁以上的男性与死亡高度相关。结论:老年人和男性更易感染新冠肺炎死亡，应加强对老年人和男性新冠肺炎患者的关注。这就要求为这些人口提供细致的保健。

{"title":"Investigating the Male and Older People Susceptibility to Death from (COVID-19) Using Statistical Models","authors":"R. Mamlook, Zakaria Hashi, Tiba Zaki Abdulhameed, H. Bzizi","doi":"10.37421/2155-6180.2020.11.445","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.37421/2155-6180.2020.11.445","url":null,"abstract":"Introduction: Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) is one of the serious infectious diseases that is caused by a specific virus called syndrome coronavirus 2 viruses (SARSCoV-2). The rapid spread of COVID19 raises serious concerns about the globally growing death rate. Currently, cases are doubled in one week around the world. Recorded data shows that COVID-19 does not infect all patients equally. This opportunistic virus can affect people of any age and gender. Information about the reason for high mortality in the age group 60 and older is limited. The gender differences among all deceased are poorly known. To understand more about COVID-19, this study aims to examine the different age groups among the death and focuses on comparing genders between males and females. Method: Statistical analysis including Pearson’s Chi-squared (χ2) and binary logistic regression was conducted based on existing data to examine factors relating to death, such as age and gender. Adjusted odds ratios (ORs) with 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were calculated for death. Results: The results show that males were 2.51 more likely to die of coronavirus COVID-19 than females. Moreover, the study found a significant increase in death for patients age 60 and older compared to patients age less than 40. Thus, males of 80+ age were found to be highly associated with death. Conclusions: Older people and male are more susceptible to death from COVID-19,we should pay more attention to the elderly people and male with COVID-19. This imposes providing careful health care for this population.","PeriodicalId":87294,"journal":{"name":"Journal of biometrics & biostatistics","volume":"11 1","pages":"1-4"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"70047392","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 3

Developing and then Confirming a Hypothesis Based on a Chronology of Several Clinical Trials: A Bayesian Application to Pirfenidone Mortality Results 基于几项临床试验年表的假设:吡非尼酮死亡率结果的贝叶斯应用

Journal of biometrics & biostatistics

Pub Date : 2020-01-01 DOI: 10.37421/JBMBS.2020.11.441

Zhengning Lin, D. Berry

Abstract Background: Designing a study for independent confirmation of a treatment effect is sometimes not practical due to required large sample size. Post hoc pooling of studies including those for learning purposes is subject to selection bias and therefore not scientifically solid. We propose a Bayesian approach which calibrates the role of prior information from historical studies for learning and confirming purposes. The method is illustrated in the analysis of mortality data for the pirfenidone NDA. Methods: The pirfenidone NDA includes three placebo-controlled studies to demonstrate efficacy for idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF), a rare and ultimately fatal lung disease with no approved treatment in the US at the time of NDA. The results of two earlier conducted studies PIPF-004 and PIPF-006 suggested that pirfenidone might reduce mortality risk. We used a Bayesian analysis to synthesize mortality results from the subsequent confirmative Study PIPF-016 and the combination of Studies PIPF-004 and PIPF-006. Results: Pirfenidone’s treatment effect on mortality rate reduction for Study PIPF-016 is statistically significant with discounts of historical evidence from PIPF-044 and PIPF-006 for both all-cause mortality and treatment-emergent IPF-related mortality. Conclusions: The Bayesian analysis provides a formal method to calibrate the role of information from historical evidence in the overall interpretation of results from both historical and concurrent clinical studies. The increased efficiency of using all available data is especially important in drug development for rare diseases with serious consequences, where limited patient source prohibits large trials, and unmet medical needs demand rapid access to treatment options.

背景:设计一项研究来独立确认治疗效果有时是不现实的，因为需要大样本量。包括以学习为目的的研究在内的事后汇总研究受到选择偏差的影响，因此在科学上不可靠。我们提出了一种贝叶斯方法，该方法校准了历史研究中先验信息的作用，用于学习和确认目的。该方法在吡非尼酮NDA的死亡率数据分析中得到说明。方法:吡非尼酮NDA包括三项安慰剂对照研究，以证明其对特发性肺纤维化(IPF)的疗效，IPF是一种罕见且最终致命的肺部疾病，在NDA时未在美国批准治疗。先前进行的两项研究PIPF-004和PIPF-006的结果表明，吡非尼酮可能降低死亡风险。我们使用贝叶斯分析来综合随后的确证性研究PIPF-016以及研究PIPF-004和PIPF-006的组合的死亡率结果。结果:吡非尼酮在PIPF-016研究中降低死亡率的治疗效果具有统计学意义，但PIPF-044和PIPF-006在全因死亡率和治疗后出现的ipf相关死亡率方面的历史证据存在折扣。结论:贝叶斯分析提供了一种正式的方法来校准历史证据信息在对历史和同期临床研究结果的整体解释中的作用。提高利用所有现有数据的效率，对于治疗后果严重的罕见疾病的药物开发尤其重要，因为患者来源有限，无法进行大规模试验，而未得到满足的医疗需求要求迅速获得治疗方案。

{"title":"Developing and then Confirming a Hypothesis Based on a Chronology of Several Clinical Trials: A Bayesian Application to Pirfenidone Mortality Results","authors":"Zhengning Lin, D. Berry","doi":"10.37421/JBMBS.2020.11.441","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.37421/JBMBS.2020.11.441","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract Background: Designing a study for independent confirmation of a treatment effect is sometimes not practical due to required large sample size. Post hoc pooling of studies including those for learning purposes is subject to selection bias and therefore not scientifically solid. We propose a Bayesian approach which calibrates the role of prior information from historical studies for learning and confirming purposes. The method is illustrated in the analysis of mortality data for the pirfenidone NDA. Methods: The pirfenidone NDA includes three placebo-controlled studies to demonstrate efficacy for idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF), a rare and ultimately fatal lung disease with no approved treatment in the US at the time of NDA. The results of two earlier conducted studies PIPF-004 and PIPF-006 suggested that pirfenidone might reduce mortality risk. We used a Bayesian analysis to synthesize mortality results from the subsequent confirmative Study PIPF-016 and the combination of Studies PIPF-004 and PIPF-006. Results: Pirfenidone’s treatment effect on mortality rate reduction for Study PIPF-016 is statistically significant with discounts of historical evidence from PIPF-044 and PIPF-006 for both all-cause mortality and treatment-emergent IPF-related mortality. Conclusions: The Bayesian analysis provides a formal method to calibrate the role of information from historical evidence in the overall interpretation of results from both historical and concurrent clinical studies. The increased efficiency of using all available data is especially important in drug development for rare diseases with serious consequences, where limited patient source prohibits large trials, and unmet medical needs demand rapid access to treatment options.","PeriodicalId":87294,"journal":{"name":"Journal of biometrics & biostatistics","volume":"46 46 1","pages":"1-7"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"70054267","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

The Kumaraswamy-Rani Distribution and Its Applications kumaraswami - rani分布及其应用

Journal of biometrics & biostatistics

Pub Date : 2020-01-01 DOI: 10.37421/2155-6180.2020.11.436

Zitouni Mouna

In this paper, a new distribution called the Kumaraswamy-Rani (KR) distribution, as a Special model from the class of Kumaraswamy Generalized (KW-G) distributions, is introduced. Its statistical properties are explored. Estimation parameters based on maximum likelihood are obtained. We have illustrated the performances of the proposed distribution by some simulation studies. Finally, the significance of the KR distribution in terms of modeling real data set has been highlighted before it has been compared to some one parameter lifetime distributions.

本文引入了Kumaraswamy- rani (KR)分布，作为Kumaraswamy广义分布(KW-G)类的一个特殊模型。探讨了其统计性质。得到了基于极大似然的估计参数。我们通过一些模拟研究说明了所提出的分布的性能。最后，在将KR分布与一些单参数寿命分布进行比较之前，强调了KR分布在真实数据集建模方面的重要性。

引用次数: 2

PROSPECTIVELY ESTIMATING THE AGE OF INITIATION OF E-CIGARETTES AMONG U.S. YOUTH: FINDINGS FROM THE POPULATION ASSESSMENT OF TOBACCO AND HEALTH (PATH) STUDY, 2013-2017. 前瞻性估计美国青少年开始吸电子烟的年龄:2013-2017年烟草与健康(路径)研究的人口评估结果。

Journal of biometrics & biostatistics

Pub Date : 2020-01-01 DOI: 10.37421/2155-6180.2020.11.442

Adriana Pérez, Meagan A. Bluestein, Baojiang Chen, C. Perry, M. Harrell

Context There is a lack of research that prospectively estimates the age of initiation of electronic cigarette use in U.S. youth. Younger ages of initiation of tobacco product use are associated with greater exposure to nicotine, and recently e-cigarette use has been associated with subsequent cigarette initiation. This study sought to estimate the distribution of the age of first reporting of e-cigarette use outcomes among youth never e-cigarette users overall, by sex and by race/ethnicity, prospectively. Methods Secondary analysis of the Population Assessment of Tobacco and Health (PATH) youth dataset (ages 12-17) across waves 1 (2013-2014), 2 (2014-2015), 3 (2015-2016), and 4 (2016-2017) were conducted. Four outcomes are presented, age of first report of: (i) susceptibility to use, (ii) ever use, (iii) past 30-day use, and (iv) "fairly regular" e-cigarette use. Each outcome was prospectively estimated using participant age when they entered the study and the number of weeks between the last report of never use and the first report of each outcome across waves. Weighted survival analyses for interval censoring accounting for the complex survey design were implemented. Results Among youth non-susceptible to e-cigarettes, 50.2% became susceptible to e-cigarette use by age 18. There were no statistically significant differences in the age of first report of susceptibility to e-cigarette use by sex or by race/ethnicity in this nationally representative sample of U.S. youth. Among never users, 41.7%, 23.5% and 10.3% initiated ever, past 30-day and "fairly regular" e-cigarette use by the age of 18, respectively. Less than 10% initiated ever e-cigarette use between the ages of 18 and 21. Boys had a higher risk of first reporting ever, past 30-day and "fairly regular" e-cigarette use at earlier ages than girls. Non-Hispanic Blacks and Other racial/ethnic groups were less likely than Non-Hispanic Whites to initiate ever e-cigarette use at earlier ages, and there was no difference between Non-Hispanic Whites and Hispanics. Hispanic, Non-Hispanic Black and Other racial/ethnic youth were less likely to first report past 30-day use and "fairly regular" e-cigarette use at earlier ages than Non-Hispanic White youth. Conclusion This paper provides information on specific ages of the first report of e-cigarette use behaviors by sex and by race/ethnicity that can be used to culturally tailor e-cigarette interventions on specific windows of opportunity before youth begin using e-cigarettes or escalating their use.

缺乏对美国青少年开始使用电子烟的年龄进行前瞻性估计的研究。开始使用烟草制品的年龄越小，接触尼古丁越多，最近使用电子烟与随后开始吸烟有关。本研究试图按性别和种族/民族前瞻性地估计从未使用过电子烟的青少年首次报告电子烟使用结果的年龄分布。方法对第1波(2013-2014年)、第2波(2014-2015年)、第3波(2015-2016年)和第4波(2016-2017年)进行烟草与健康人口评估(PATH)青少年数据集(12-17岁)的二次分析。提出了四种结果，首次报告的年龄:(i)使用易感性，(ii)曾经使用，(iii)使用30天以上，(iv)“相当规律地”使用电子烟。每个结果都是通过参与者进入研究时的年龄和最后一次报告从不使用和第一次报告每个结果之间的周数进行前瞻性估计的。考虑到复杂的调查设计，对区间筛选进行加权生存分析。结果在对电子烟不敏感的青少年中，50.2%的人在18岁之前对电子烟敏感。在这个具有全国代表性的美国青年样本中，首次报告电子烟易感性的年龄在性别或种族/民族方面没有统计学上的显著差异。在从未吸过电子烟的人群中，分别有41.7%、23.5%和10.3%的人在18岁之前开始吸电子烟、吸了30天以上、“相当有规律地”吸电子烟。不到10%的人在18至21岁之间开始使用电子烟。与女孩相比，男孩在更早的年龄首次报告使用电子烟的风险更高，超过30天，并且“相当有规律”地使用电子烟。非西班牙裔黑人和其他种族/族裔群体比非西班牙裔白人更不可能在更早的年龄开始使用电子烟，非西班牙裔白人和西班牙裔之间没有差异。与非西班牙裔白人青年相比，西班牙裔、非西班牙裔黑人和其他种族/族裔青年首次报告使用超过30天的电子烟和“相当规律”的早期电子烟的可能性较小。本文提供了按性别和种族/民族划分的电子烟使用行为第一份报告的具体年龄信息，可用于在青少年开始使用电子烟或升级使用电子烟之前，针对特定的机会窗口进行文化定制电子烟干预。

{"title":"PROSPECTIVELY ESTIMATING THE AGE OF INITIATION OF E-CIGARETTES AMONG U.S. YOUTH: FINDINGS FROM THE POPULATION ASSESSMENT OF TOBACCO AND HEALTH (PATH) STUDY, 2013-2017.","authors":"Adriana Pérez, Meagan A. Bluestein, Baojiang Chen, C. Perry, M. Harrell","doi":"10.37421/2155-6180.2020.11.442","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.37421/2155-6180.2020.11.442","url":null,"abstract":"Context There is a lack of research that prospectively estimates the age of initiation of electronic cigarette use in U.S. youth. Younger ages of initiation of tobacco product use are associated with greater exposure to nicotine, and recently e-cigarette use has been associated with subsequent cigarette initiation. This study sought to estimate the distribution of the age of first reporting of e-cigarette use outcomes among youth never e-cigarette users overall, by sex and by race/ethnicity, prospectively. Methods Secondary analysis of the Population Assessment of Tobacco and Health (PATH) youth dataset (ages 12-17) across waves 1 (2013-2014), 2 (2014-2015), 3 (2015-2016), and 4 (2016-2017) were conducted. Four outcomes are presented, age of first report of: (i) susceptibility to use, (ii) ever use, (iii) past 30-day use, and (iv) \"fairly regular\" e-cigarette use. Each outcome was prospectively estimated using participant age when they entered the study and the number of weeks between the last report of never use and the first report of each outcome across waves. Weighted survival analyses for interval censoring accounting for the complex survey design were implemented. Results Among youth non-susceptible to e-cigarettes, 50.2% became susceptible to e-cigarette use by age 18. There were no statistically significant differences in the age of first report of susceptibility to e-cigarette use by sex or by race/ethnicity in this nationally representative sample of U.S. youth. Among never users, 41.7%, 23.5% and 10.3% initiated ever, past 30-day and \"fairly regular\" e-cigarette use by the age of 18, respectively. Less than 10% initiated ever e-cigarette use between the ages of 18 and 21. Boys had a higher risk of first reporting ever, past 30-day and \"fairly regular\" e-cigarette use at earlier ages than girls. Non-Hispanic Blacks and Other racial/ethnic groups were less likely than Non-Hispanic Whites to initiate ever e-cigarette use at earlier ages, and there was no difference between Non-Hispanic Whites and Hispanics. Hispanic, Non-Hispanic Black and Other racial/ethnic youth were less likely to first report past 30-day use and \"fairly regular\" e-cigarette use at earlier ages than Non-Hispanic White youth. Conclusion This paper provides information on specific ages of the first report of e-cigarette use behaviors by sex and by race/ethnicity that can be used to culturally tailor e-cigarette interventions on specific windows of opportunity before youth begin using e-cigarettes or escalating their use.","PeriodicalId":87294,"journal":{"name":"Journal of biometrics & biostatistics","volume":"11 4 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"70047344","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 13

A Statistical Study to Identify the Risk Factors of Heart Attack 识别心脏病发作危险因素的统计学研究

Journal of biometrics & biostatistics

Pub Date : 2019-06-17 DOI: 10.4172/2155-6180.1000431

Zoha Fatima, I. B. Naqvi, S. Hanook

A statistical study has been conducted to identify the risk factors of heart attack. The study design used in this research is an observational cross sectional. A semi structured questionnaire was designed and surveyed consisting of 25 questions which were filled from 246 patients from two hospitals ‘Gulab Devi’ and ‘Jinnah Hosptial’ Lahore, Pakistan. Respondents were asked questions regarding some of the possible reasons that may cause heart attack. Out of 246 patients, 123 were cases (people who had a heart attack) and remaining 123 were control (people who only had chest pain). We took 123 patients in each group because we needed comparison. Spss and R SOFTWARE were used to determine results of this research. By using univariate, bivariate and multivariate analysis it was observed that the significant factors from model are diabetes blood pressure, sweating, heart attack before, age, severity of pain, medication and pressure of the work.

已经进行了一项统计研究来确定心脏病发作的危险因素。本研究中使用的研究设计是一个观察截面。设计并调查了一份半结构化问卷，由25个问题组成，这些问题来自巴基斯坦拉合尔“Gulab Devi”和“Jinnah Hosptial”两家医院的246名患者。受访者被问及一些可能导致心脏病发作的原因。在246名患者中，123人为病例（心脏病发作的人），其余123人为对照组（仅胸痛的人）。因为我们需要比较，我们在每组中选取了123名患者。Spss和R软件用于确定本研究的结果。通过单变量、双变量和多变量分析，观察到模型中的显著因素是糖尿病血压、出汗、既往心脏病发作、年龄、疼痛程度、药物和工作压力。

引用次数: 0