Pub Date : 2017-08-22DOI: 10.4172/2155-6180.1000362
M. Begum, P. Sultana
Background: Tobacco use is one of the foremost causes of preventable morbidity and mortality. The objective of the study was to identify the pattern of smokeless tobacco use and to estimate the prevalence and to identify Sociodemographic correlates of smokeless tobacco consumption. Data and methods: We used the data from the 2010 Global Adult Tobacco Survey (GATS) in Bangladesh. The data were representative for men and women aged 15 years and above. The survey was based on a three-stage stratified cluster sample of household. Information of a total of 9629 adults, aged 15 years and over, was analyzed by stratified them into urban (4857) and rural (4772) groups. Stata Version 11.0 and Excel were used to analyze the dataset. Predictors of prevalence for smokeless tobacco use were analyzed using selected socioeconomic and demographic characteristics that include residence, age, gender, education, occupation and wealth index. Associations between smokeless tobacco consumption and the explanatory variables were estimated using simple and multiple logistic regression model. Results: Current smokeless tobacco users daily were significantly higher (p=0.001) in urban females (21.92%) in comparison to urban males (18.13%) and also significantly higher (p<0.001) in rural females (30.60%) in comparison to rural males (25.92%). In the multivariate analysis the adjusted OR were significantly higher in rural area (OR=1.15, 95% CI=1.02-1.29) in comparison to urban area. Similarly adjusted OR were significantly higher in females (OR=1.68, 95% CI=1.38-2.30) in comparison to males. The adjusted OR increased with age from 3.09 (95% CI=2.45-3.93) in the age group 25-34 to 12.70 (95% CI=10.02-16.11) among individuals with 46 years and above age group, in comparison to individuals in the age group less than or equal to 24 years. Education and smokeless tobacco use showed significant inverse relationship with significantly elevated OR in the low education group (no formal schooling, OR=4.28, 95% CI=2.48-7.38), less than primary school completed (OR=3.28, 95% CI=1.89-5.68) and primary school completed (OR=3.61, 95% CI=2.08-6.29) in comparison to high education group (post graduate degree). Conclusion: The prevalence of current smokeless tobacco consumption is high among rural women and among all smokeless tobacco products, the prevalence of the use of betel quid with tobacco was the highest in Bangladesh. Awareness should be given priority to decrease the growing smokeless tobacco consumption. Also tobacco control campaigns should target rural poor older women and monitor all forms of smokeless tobacco products used by the population.
{"title":"Current Pattern of Product Specific Smokeless Tobacco Use in Bangladesh","authors":"M. Begum, P. Sultana","doi":"10.4172/2155-6180.1000362","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4172/2155-6180.1000362","url":null,"abstract":"Background: Tobacco use is one of the foremost causes of preventable morbidity and mortality. The objective of the study was to identify the pattern of smokeless tobacco use and to estimate the prevalence and to identify Sociodemographic correlates of smokeless tobacco consumption. Data and methods: We used the data from the 2010 Global Adult Tobacco Survey (GATS) in Bangladesh. The data were representative for men and women aged 15 years and above. The survey was based on a three-stage stratified cluster sample of household. Information of a total of 9629 adults, aged 15 years and over, was analyzed by stratified them into urban (4857) and rural (4772) groups. Stata Version 11.0 and Excel were used to analyze the dataset. Predictors of prevalence for smokeless tobacco use were analyzed using selected socioeconomic and demographic characteristics that include residence, age, gender, education, occupation and wealth index. Associations between smokeless tobacco consumption and the explanatory variables were estimated using simple and multiple logistic regression model. Results: Current smokeless tobacco users daily were significantly higher (p=0.001) in urban females (21.92%) in comparison to urban males (18.13%) and also significantly higher (p<0.001) in rural females (30.60%) in comparison to rural males (25.92%). In the multivariate analysis the adjusted OR were significantly higher in rural area (OR=1.15, 95% CI=1.02-1.29) in comparison to urban area. Similarly adjusted OR were significantly higher in females (OR=1.68, 95% CI=1.38-2.30) in comparison to males. The adjusted OR increased with age from 3.09 (95% CI=2.45-3.93) in the age group 25-34 to 12.70 (95% CI=10.02-16.11) among individuals with 46 years and above age group, in comparison to individuals in the age group less than or equal to 24 years. Education and smokeless tobacco use showed significant inverse relationship with significantly elevated OR in the low education group (no formal schooling, OR=4.28, 95% CI=2.48-7.38), less than primary school completed (OR=3.28, 95% CI=1.89-5.68) and primary school completed (OR=3.61, 95% CI=2.08-6.29) in comparison to high education group (post graduate degree). Conclusion: The prevalence of current smokeless tobacco consumption is high among rural women and among all smokeless tobacco products, the prevalence of the use of betel quid with tobacco was the highest in Bangladesh. Awareness should be given priority to decrease the growing smokeless tobacco consumption. Also tobacco control campaigns should target rural poor older women and monitor all forms of smokeless tobacco products used by the population.","PeriodicalId":87294,"journal":{"name":"Journal of biometrics & biostatistics","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-08-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.4172/2155-6180.1000362","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48269137","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2017-08-22DOI: 10.4172/2155-6180.1000363
M. Sajid, A. Ansar, A. Hanif, K. Waheed, S. Tufail, T. Ashraf, A. Butt
Background: Myocardial Infarction (MI) is a coronary heart disease that is one of the main causes of the mortality over the globe. There are various clinical and non-clinical risk factors that can be further classified as modifiable and non-modifiable. This study has explored the role of the some Non Clinical factors like; Gender, Education and Family History with MI using Meta-analysis approach. Methods: The published literature from 1990 to 2015 on MI was collected by using several databases and search engines. A review of the collected literature (28 studies) showed that the studies under analysis were of different origins and had different objectives. For each study, Odds Ratio and 95% confidence intervals was extracted and pooled with a random effect model, weighting for the inverse of the variance. Meta-analysis software version 2.0 was used to analyze heterogeneity analysis and estimate pooled estimates through random effect model. Results: The study has showed that gender (OR=1.391 and 95% C.I.: 1.140, 1.697), family history of heart diseases (OR=3.206 95% C.I.:2.064, 4.981) and low education level or illiteracy (OR=1.552 and 95%C.I.: 1.132, 2.128) are the significant risk factors in developing Myocardial Infarction. Conclusion: This study has concluded that included factors in this study are significantly related to the Myocardial Infarction. Gender difference, family history of heart disease and low education are the important risk factors in causing this fatal disease.
{"title":"Non Clinical Risk Factors of Myocardial Infarction: A Meta-AnalysisApproach","authors":"M. Sajid, A. Ansar, A. Hanif, K. Waheed, S. Tufail, T. Ashraf, A. Butt","doi":"10.4172/2155-6180.1000363","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4172/2155-6180.1000363","url":null,"abstract":"Background: Myocardial Infarction (MI) is a coronary heart disease that is one of the main causes of the mortality over the globe. There are various clinical and non-clinical risk factors that can be further classified as modifiable and non-modifiable. This study has explored the role of the some Non Clinical factors like; Gender, Education and Family History with MI using Meta-analysis approach. Methods: The published literature from 1990 to 2015 on MI was collected by using several databases and search engines. A review of the collected literature (28 studies) showed that the studies under analysis were of different origins and had different objectives. For each study, Odds Ratio and 95% confidence intervals was extracted and pooled with a random effect model, weighting for the inverse of the variance. Meta-analysis software version 2.0 was used to analyze heterogeneity analysis and estimate pooled estimates through random effect model. Results: The study has showed that gender (OR=1.391 and 95% C.I.: 1.140, 1.697), family history of heart diseases (OR=3.206 95% C.I.:2.064, 4.981) and low education level or illiteracy (OR=1.552 and 95%C.I.: 1.132, 2.128) are the significant risk factors in developing Myocardial Infarction. Conclusion: This study has concluded that included factors in this study are significantly related to the Myocardial Infarction. Gender difference, family history of heart disease and low education are the important risk factors in causing this fatal disease.","PeriodicalId":87294,"journal":{"name":"Journal of biometrics & biostatistics","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-08-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.4172/2155-6180.1000363","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46878697","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2017-08-20DOI: 10.4172/2155-6180.1000361
N. Khan
Autoradiography is a specific biological tool used to detect radioactive materials by using X-ray photographic films. A technically simple technique to be used for characterizing receptors and localizing their positions in the tissues. Moreover its detection sensitivity could be enhanced using fluorography by transforming radioactive emissions into light.
{"title":"Autoradiography: Detection and Analysis of Radioactive Entities","authors":"N. Khan","doi":"10.4172/2155-6180.1000361","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4172/2155-6180.1000361","url":null,"abstract":"Autoradiography is a specific biological tool used to detect radioactive materials by using X-ray photographic films. A technically simple technique to be used for characterizing receptors and localizing their positions in the tissues. Moreover its detection sensitivity could be enhanced using fluorography by transforming radioactive emissions into light.","PeriodicalId":87294,"journal":{"name":"Journal of biometrics & biostatistics","volume":"2017 1","pages":"1-2"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-08-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.4172/2155-6180.1000361","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41801054","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2017-08-12DOI: 10.4172/2155-6180.1000359
L. Addison
This paper investigates the deterministic and stochastic fluctuations of a predator-prey model. The predator is experienced in hunting two different prey simultaneously. Each prey has logistic growth in the absence of the predator. The rate of experience of the predator in hunting each prey is varied using a simulated dataset. The deterministic and stochastic nature of the dynamics of the system are investigated. Stability analysis is performed, using slight perturbation around the non-zero, interior equilibrium point, to determine where the system loses stability. The variation of the predatory experience parameter causes the system to experience Hopf bifurcations. These stability changes and the addition of stochastic noise are explored using time series graphs. The co-existence and extinction of the populations are affected over time .
{"title":"Analysis of a Predator-Prey Model: A Deterministic and StochasticApproach","authors":"L. Addison","doi":"10.4172/2155-6180.1000359","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4172/2155-6180.1000359","url":null,"abstract":"This paper investigates the deterministic and stochastic fluctuations of a predator-prey model. The predator is experienced in hunting two different prey simultaneously. Each prey has logistic growth in the absence of the predator. The rate of experience of the predator in hunting each prey is varied using a simulated dataset. The deterministic and stochastic nature of the dynamics of the system are investigated. Stability analysis is performed, using slight perturbation around the non-zero, interior equilibrium point, to determine where the system loses stability. The variation of the predatory experience parameter causes the system to experience Hopf bifurcations. These stability changes and the addition of stochastic noise are explored using time series graphs. The co-existence and extinction of the populations are affected over time .","PeriodicalId":87294,"journal":{"name":"Journal of biometrics & biostatistics","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-08-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.4172/2155-6180.1000359","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48150121","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2017-08-10DOI: 10.4172/2155-6180.1000360
Dengzhi Wang, B. Levitt, T. Riley, Dongfeng Wu
Objectives: The goal of this study is to investigate time durations in the disease-free state and the preclinical state of lung cancer for male and female smokers, using lung cancer data from the Prostate, Lung, Colorectal and Ovarian Cancer Screening Trial. Methods: We applied a modified likelihood function to the lung cancer data, to obtain maximum likelihood estimate and make Bayesian inference of the transition probability from the disease-free to the preclinical state, and the sojourn time distribution. The data was stratified by age and gender for smokers in the periodic screening program. A scaled Beta distribution was used for the transition probability density function, and a Weibull distribution was used to model the sojourn time in the preclinical state. Results: The epidemiological estimate of screening sensitivity is 0.649 for males and 0.68 for females. The transition probabilities are not the same for males and females: it is increasing monotonically to 80 years old for males; while it has a single maximum at age 72.5 for females. For male, the maximum likelihood estimate of mean sojourn time is 1.82 years, the Bayesian posterior mean and median sojourn time is 1.50 and 1.48 years, respectively. For female, the corresponding maximum likelihood estimate, posterior mean and median sojourn time are 1.84, 1.74 and 1.79 years respectively. The Bayesian mean lifetime risks for male and female smokers developing lung cancer are 12.0%, and 6.8%, respectively. Conclusion: Our estimation showed that male smokers are more susceptible to lung cancer, because they have a higher lifetime risk and higher transition probability density than the same aged female smokers. Once they enter into the preclinical state, the male smokers have a shorter mean sojourn time than the female, meaning that they are quicker to develop clinical symptom of lung cancer.
{"title":"Estimation of Sojourn Time and Transition Probability of Lung Cancer forSmokers using the PLCO Data","authors":"Dengzhi Wang, B. Levitt, T. Riley, Dongfeng Wu","doi":"10.4172/2155-6180.1000360","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4172/2155-6180.1000360","url":null,"abstract":"Objectives: The goal of this study is to investigate time durations in the disease-free state and the preclinical state of lung cancer for male and female smokers, using lung cancer data from the Prostate, Lung, Colorectal and Ovarian Cancer Screening Trial. Methods: We applied a modified likelihood function to the lung cancer data, to obtain maximum likelihood estimate and make Bayesian inference of the transition probability from the disease-free to the preclinical state, and the sojourn time distribution. The data was stratified by age and gender for smokers in the periodic screening program. A scaled Beta distribution was used for the transition probability density function, and a Weibull distribution was used to model the sojourn time in the preclinical state. Results: The epidemiological estimate of screening sensitivity is 0.649 for males and 0.68 for females. The transition probabilities are not the same for males and females: it is increasing monotonically to 80 years old for males; while it has a single maximum at age 72.5 for females. For male, the maximum likelihood estimate of mean sojourn time is 1.82 years, the Bayesian posterior mean and median sojourn time is 1.50 and 1.48 years, respectively. For female, the corresponding maximum likelihood estimate, posterior mean and median sojourn time are 1.84, 1.74 and 1.79 years respectively. The Bayesian mean lifetime risks for male and female smokers developing lung cancer are 12.0%, and 6.8%, respectively. Conclusion: Our estimation showed that male smokers are more susceptible to lung cancer, because they have a higher lifetime risk and higher transition probability density than the same aged female smokers. Once they enter into the preclinical state, the male smokers have a shorter mean sojourn time than the female, meaning that they are quicker to develop clinical symptom of lung cancer.","PeriodicalId":87294,"journal":{"name":"Journal of biometrics & biostatistics","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-08-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.4172/2155-6180.1000360","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"49065090","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2017-08-07DOI: 10.4172/2155-6180.1000357
Fuad Redi Abdella, G. Egata, A. K. Geleto
Malnutrition is a general term for a medical condition caused by an improper or insufficient diet. Under nutrition is prevalent around the world. The objective of this study was to assess the prevalence of under nutrition and factors affecting nutritional status among children aged 6-59 months in Haramaya, eastern Ethiopia. The data were collected by using a well-structured pretested questionnaire. Anthropometric measurements of the children were taken to assess the nutritional status of the children. The prevalence of stunting, wasting and underweight were 36.07% [95% CI (0.314, 0.408)], 14.43% [95% CI (0.110, 0.179)] and 23.63% [95% CI (0.195, 0.278)], respectively. The current study showed that the prevalence of child under-nutrition is highly prevalent in Haramaya district. Community based nutrition program should be established; continuous nutrition supervision based on each nutritional status indicators and special attention to severely malnourished children is necessary to attempt the problem of malnutrition.
{"title":"Prevalence of Malnutrition among Children Aged 6-59 in HaramayaDistrict, Oromia, Ethiopia","authors":"Fuad Redi Abdella, G. Egata, A. K. Geleto","doi":"10.4172/2155-6180.1000357","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4172/2155-6180.1000357","url":null,"abstract":"Malnutrition is a general term for a medical condition caused by an improper or insufficient diet. Under nutrition is prevalent around the world. The objective of this study was to assess the prevalence of under nutrition and factors affecting nutritional status among children aged 6-59 months in Haramaya, eastern Ethiopia. The data were collected by using a well-structured pretested questionnaire. Anthropometric measurements of the children were taken to assess the nutritional status of the children. The prevalence of stunting, wasting and underweight were 36.07% [95% CI (0.314, 0.408)], 14.43% [95% CI (0.110, 0.179)] and 23.63% [95% CI (0.195, 0.278)], respectively. The current study showed that the prevalence of child under-nutrition is highly prevalent in Haramaya district. Community based nutrition program should be established; continuous nutrition supervision based on each nutritional status indicators and special attention to severely malnourished children is necessary to attempt the problem of malnutrition.","PeriodicalId":87294,"journal":{"name":"Journal of biometrics & biostatistics","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-08-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47501140","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2017-06-30DOI: 10.4172/2155-6180.1000352
YinYue Sha
We know that humans have created the atomic bomb and hydrogen bomb, the atomic bomb need high purity of uranium 235, in contrast, uranium 238 cannot be used to make an atomic bomb. The most important is not how much internal nucleon number of the nucleus, but the internal structure of stability, with nuclear structure consisting of four nucleuses is a special stability, but instead of two stable nuclear group together to become unstable nuclear structure, and four nuclear group of nuclear structure also has the very high stability [1]. From the nucleus losses mass in the picture can be seen that the most stable elements is in the near 64 and iron.
{"title":"The Milky Way Comes from Hydrogen Fusion Big Bang","authors":"YinYue Sha","doi":"10.4172/2155-6180.1000352","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4172/2155-6180.1000352","url":null,"abstract":"We know that humans have created the atomic bomb and hydrogen bomb, the atomic bomb need high purity of uranium 235, in contrast, uranium 238 cannot be used to make an atomic bomb. The most important is not how much internal nucleon number of the nucleus, but the internal structure of stability, with nuclear structure consisting of four nucleuses is a special stability, but instead of two stable nuclear group together to become unstable nuclear structure, and four nuclear group of nuclear structure also has the very high stability [1]. From the nucleus losses mass in the picture can be seen that the most stable elements is in the near 64 and iron.","PeriodicalId":87294,"journal":{"name":"Journal of biometrics & biostatistics","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-06-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.4172/2155-6180.1000352","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47651911","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2017-06-25DOI: 10.4172/2155-6180.1000356
X. Yang, H. Ad, D. Wang
In this article, we derive a new and unique method of estimating quantile and quantile density function, which is based on moments of fractional order statistics. A comparison of the proposed estimators is made with existing popular nonparametric quantile and quantile density estimators, in terms of mean squared error (MSE) for censored and uncensored data. Recommendations for the choice of quantile and/or quantile density estimators are given.
{"title":"Nonparametric Estimation of Quantile and Quantile Density Function","authors":"X. Yang, H. Ad, D. Wang","doi":"10.4172/2155-6180.1000356","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4172/2155-6180.1000356","url":null,"abstract":"In this article, we derive a new and unique method of estimating quantile and quantile density function, which is based on moments of fractional order statistics. A comparison of the proposed estimators is made with existing popular nonparametric quantile and quantile density estimators, in terms of mean squared error (MSE) for censored and uncensored data. Recommendations for the choice of quantile and/or quantile density estimators are given.","PeriodicalId":87294,"journal":{"name":"Journal of biometrics & biostatistics","volume":"8 1","pages":"1-11"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-06-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47051590","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2017-06-25DOI: 10.4172/2155-6180.1000355
N. Celik
Multimodal biometric systems, which combine two unimodal recognition systems into one single method, can be used to overcome the limitations of individual biometrics. This paper will do a short but critical review on recently developed for enhancing multimodal biometric systems. As can be seen from Celik et al. [1] the biometric information can be combined using different types of fusion of biometric data at different levels, i.e., at the feature level, matchingscore level or decision level. The biometric data classification and throughput of the biometric recognition systems can be carried out by analysing these fusion levels.
多模态生物识别系统将两个单模态识别系统结合成一个单一的方法，可以用来克服个体生物识别的局限性。本文将对最近发展起来的增强多模态生物识别系统做一个简短但重要的回顾。从Celik et al.[1]可以看出，生物特征信息可以通过不同类型的生物特征数据融合在不同的层次上进行组合，即特征层、匹配得分层或决策层。通过分析这些融合水平，可以实现生物特征数据的分类和生物特征识别系统的吞吐量。
{"title":"A Short Review of Multimodal Biometric Recognition Systems","authors":"N. Celik","doi":"10.4172/2155-6180.1000355","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4172/2155-6180.1000355","url":null,"abstract":"Multimodal biometric systems, which combine two unimodal recognition systems into one single method, can be used to overcome the limitations of individual biometrics. This paper will do a short but critical review on recently developed for enhancing multimodal biometric systems. As can be seen from Celik et al. [1] the biometric information can be combined using different types of fusion of biometric data at different levels, i.e., at the feature level, matchingscore level or decision level. The biometric data classification and throughput of the biometric recognition systems can be carried out by analysing these fusion levels.","PeriodicalId":87294,"journal":{"name":"Journal of biometrics & biostatistics","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-06-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.4172/2155-6180.1000355","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48066829","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2017-06-25DOI: 10.4172/2155-6180.1000354
Q. Huang, Hanze Zhang, Jiaqing Chen, Mengying He
Quantile regression (QR) has received increasing attention in recent years and applied to wide areas such as investment, finance, economics, medicine and engineering. Compared with conventional mean regression, QR can characterize the entire conditional distribution of the outcome variable, may be more robust to outliers and misspecification of error distribution, and provides more comprehensive statistical modeling than traditional mean regression. QR models could not only be used to detect heterogeneous effects of covariates at different quantiles of the outcome, but also offer more robust and complete estimates compared to the mean regression, when the normality assumption violated or outliers and long tails exist. These advantages make QR attractive and are extended to apply for different types of data, including independent data, time-to-event data and longitudinal data. Consequently, we present a brief review of QR and its related models and methods for different types of data in various application areas.
{"title":"Quantile Regression Models and Their Applications: A Review","authors":"Q. Huang, Hanze Zhang, Jiaqing Chen, Mengying He","doi":"10.4172/2155-6180.1000354","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4172/2155-6180.1000354","url":null,"abstract":"Quantile regression (QR) has received increasing attention in recent years and applied to wide areas such as investment, finance, economics, medicine and engineering. Compared with conventional mean regression, QR can characterize the entire conditional distribution of the outcome variable, may be more robust to outliers and misspecification of error distribution, and provides more comprehensive statistical modeling than traditional mean regression. QR models could not only be used to detect heterogeneous effects of covariates at different quantiles of the outcome, but also offer more robust and complete estimates compared to the mean regression, when the normality assumption violated or outliers and long tails exist. These advantages make QR attractive and are extended to apply for different types of data, including independent data, time-to-event data and longitudinal data. Consequently, we present a brief review of QR and its related models and methods for different types of data in various application areas.","PeriodicalId":87294,"journal":{"name":"Journal of biometrics & biostatistics","volume":"2017 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-06-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.4172/2155-6180.1000354","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44418653","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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