{"title":"Prescribing Patterns of SGLT2 Inhibitors and GLP-1 RAs in Patients with Type 2 Diabetes and Comorbid Conditions of Cardiovascular Disease, Chronic Kidney Disease, and Obesity","authors":"","doi":"10.17756/jocd.2022-050","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.17756/jocd.2022-050","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":87308,"journal":{"name":"Journal of obesity and chronic diseases","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"67652390","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Effects of Diaphragmatic Mobilization Techniques on Respiratory Functions, Respiratory Muscle Strength and Resting Metabolic Rate in Obese Individuals","authors":"","doi":"10.17756/jocd.2022-049","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.17756/jocd.2022-049","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":87308,"journal":{"name":"Journal of obesity and chronic diseases","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"67652206","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Shauntè M. Baboumian, Carol Cheney, Sumiyah Enayet, S. Pantazatos, A. Geliebter
Prevalence of severe obesity continues to increase, with only bariatric surgery showing long-term efficacy for sustained weight loss. Individuals with severe obesity (vs normal weight) show greater fMRI responsivity to high energy dense (ED) vs low ED food cues and reduced responsivity post-surgery. We examined responsivity to high vs low ED cues pre-intervention in association with postsurgical (RYGB) or dietary weight-loss (dWL) change in BMI at 4 and 18 mo. Region of interest (ROI) analysis employed separate ANCOVA models; group as single factor with three levels and baseline activation and interaction with group covarying for age and gender as nuisance covariates. Significant results were identified at p < 0.1 false discovery rate (FDR) corrected, following multiple comparisons across ROIs. In the precentral gyrus (motor and motor readiness area), higher baseline activation was associated with greater %BMI reduction in RYGB at 4 and 18 mo and less %BMI reduction in dWL at 4 mo (p = 0.006 uncorrected, P < 0.1 FDR corrected). The findings show opposite directionality in predicting change in BMI for RYGB vs. dWL from responsivity to high vs low ED food cues in the precentral gyrus. Greater baseline motor planning to ingest high ED foods may be associated with reduced weight loss in dWL, and with greater weight loss in RYGB due to neuromodulatory effects of surgery.
{"title":"fMRI Food Cue Reactivity as a Predictor for BMI Change Following Roux-en-Y Gastric Bypass (RYGB) or Diet Intervention","authors":"Shauntè M. Baboumian, Carol Cheney, Sumiyah Enayet, S. Pantazatos, A. Geliebter","doi":"10.17756/jocd.2021-043","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.17756/jocd.2021-043","url":null,"abstract":"Prevalence of severe obesity continues to increase, with only bariatric surgery showing long-term efficacy for sustained weight loss. Individuals with severe obesity (vs normal weight) show greater fMRI responsivity to high energy dense (ED) vs low ED food cues and reduced responsivity post-surgery. We examined responsivity to high vs low ED cues pre-intervention in association with postsurgical (RYGB) or dietary weight-loss (dWL) change in BMI at 4 and 18 mo. Region of interest (ROI) analysis employed separate ANCOVA models; group as single factor with three levels and baseline activation and interaction with group covarying for age and gender as nuisance covariates. Significant results were identified at p < 0.1 false discovery rate (FDR) corrected, following multiple comparisons across ROIs. In the precentral gyrus (motor and motor readiness area), higher baseline activation was associated with greater %BMI reduction in RYGB at 4 and 18 mo and less %BMI reduction in dWL at 4 mo (p = 0.006 uncorrected, P < 0.1 FDR corrected). The findings show opposite directionality in predicting change in BMI for RYGB vs. dWL from responsivity to high vs low ED food cues in the precentral gyrus. Greater baseline motor planning to ingest high ED foods may be associated with reduced weight loss in dWL, and with greater weight loss in RYGB due to neuromodulatory effects of surgery.","PeriodicalId":87308,"journal":{"name":"Journal of obesity and chronic diseases","volume":"5 1","pages":"23 - 29"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-06-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48960905","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Amit Kumar, R. Lubet, Jennifer T Fox, W. Nelson, H. Seifried, C. Grubbs, M. S. Miller
Epidemiology, clinical and experimental animal studies suggest high fructose diets are detrimental to metabolic status and may contribute to tumor development. This due to increased obesity and metabolic syndrome, known risk factors for many types of cancer. We compared tumor development in N-methyl-N-nitrosourea (MNU)-treated rats fed either a high (60%)-fructose diet (HFD) or a standard diet (SD). Female Sprague-Dawley rats at 43 days of age (DOA) were fed a SD or HFD followed by administration of MNU at 50 DOA. Rats were palpated weekly and sacrificed at 190 DOA. MNU-treated rats on HFD exhibited decreased tumor latency and roughly a two-fold increase in tumor multiplicity. RNA-Seq on frozen tumors (SD vs. HFD rats) showed altered expression of approximately 10% of genes (P < 0.05). When examined by Ingenuity Pathway Analysis, multiple highly significant pathways were identified including A) mechanisms of cancer, B) Wnt pathway, C) immune response (e.g., “Th1 and Th2 activation” and “antigen presentation”) and D) LXR/RXR nuclear receptor. These generalized pathways were indirectly confirmed by alterations of various interrelated disease pathways (epithelial cancers, T cell numbers and apoptosis). In a second study, serum was collected from rats on the HFD or SD pre-MNU and at the time of sacrifice. Metabolomics revealed that the HFD yielded: A) increased levels of fructose, B) increases of various monoglycerols, C) reduced levels of various diacylglycerols and oxygenated inflammatory lipids (9 and 13 HODE and 12,13 DHOME) and D) increased levels of secondary bile acids (hyodeoxycholate and 6-oxolithocholate), which may reflect microbiome changes. These metabolomic changes, which are distinct from those on a high-fat diet, may prove relevant when examining individuals who consume higher levels of fructose.
{"title":"Effects of High-Fructose Diet vs. Teklad Diet in the MNU-Induced Rat Mammary Cancer Model: Altered Tumorigenesis, Metabolomics and Tumor RNA Expression","authors":"Amit Kumar, R. Lubet, Jennifer T Fox, W. Nelson, H. Seifried, C. Grubbs, M. S. Miller","doi":"10.17756/JOCD.2021-041","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.17756/JOCD.2021-041","url":null,"abstract":"Epidemiology, clinical and experimental animal studies suggest high fructose diets are detrimental to metabolic status and may contribute to tumor development. This due to increased obesity and metabolic syndrome, known risk factors for many types of cancer. We compared tumor development in N-methyl-N-nitrosourea (MNU)-treated rats fed either a high (60%)-fructose diet (HFD) or a standard diet (SD). Female Sprague-Dawley rats at 43 days of age (DOA) were fed a SD or HFD followed by administration of MNU at 50 DOA. Rats were palpated weekly and sacrificed at 190 DOA. MNU-treated rats on HFD exhibited decreased tumor latency and roughly a two-fold increase in tumor multiplicity. RNA-Seq on frozen tumors (SD vs. HFD rats) showed altered expression of approximately 10% of genes (P < 0.05). When examined by Ingenuity Pathway Analysis, multiple highly significant pathways were identified including A) mechanisms of cancer, B) Wnt pathway, C) immune response (e.g., “Th1 and Th2 activation” and “antigen presentation”) and D) LXR/RXR nuclear receptor. These generalized pathways were indirectly confirmed by alterations of various interrelated disease pathways (epithelial cancers, T cell numbers and apoptosis). In a second study, serum was collected from rats on the HFD or SD pre-MNU and at the time of sacrifice. Metabolomics revealed that the HFD yielded: A) increased levels of fructose, B) increases of various monoglycerols, C) reduced levels of various diacylglycerols and oxygenated inflammatory lipids (9 and 13 HODE and 12,13 DHOME) and D) increased levels of secondary bile acids (hyodeoxycholate and 6-oxolithocholate), which may reflect microbiome changes. These metabolomic changes, which are distinct from those on a high-fat diet, may prove relevant when examining individuals who consume higher levels of fructose.","PeriodicalId":87308,"journal":{"name":"Journal of obesity and chronic diseases","volume":"5 1","pages":"67 - 78"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-01-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42643058","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Alais Ferreira da Rocha de Oliveria, José Rebuglio Vellosa, Bruno Hartmann, Yasmin Fidler, C. A. Reis, J. R. Gomes
Materials and Methods: Litters were reduced to 2 males and 2 females after birth and the consanguineous mating was performed in adulthood. A normal litter containing 8 males was used as no consanguineous group to compare the results with those of the reduced litters concerning to follows obesity phenotypes evaluated: Lee index, body mass, food intake, retroperitoneal fat deposit, length of the small intestine, goblet cells number, as well as for the glucose, cholesterol, triglycerides, LDL, HDL and VLDL levels.
{"title":"Effects of the Inbreeding Reproduction on the Obesity Phenotypes Over Generations","authors":"Alais Ferreira da Rocha de Oliveria, José Rebuglio Vellosa, Bruno Hartmann, Yasmin Fidler, C. A. Reis, J. R. Gomes","doi":"10.17756/jocd.2021-044","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.17756/jocd.2021-044","url":null,"abstract":"Materials and Methods: Litters were reduced to 2 males and 2 females after birth and the consanguineous mating was performed in adulthood. A normal litter containing 8 males was used as no consanguineous group to compare the results with those of the reduced litters concerning to follows obesity phenotypes evaluated: Lee index, body mass, food intake, retroperitoneal fat deposit, length of the small intestine, goblet cells number, as well as for the glucose, cholesterol, triglycerides, LDL, HDL and VLDL levels.","PeriodicalId":87308,"journal":{"name":"Journal of obesity and chronic diseases","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"67652080","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
E. D. Vieira, A. M. Gomes, A. M. Gil, M. Vasconcelos
1Universidade Católica Portuguesa, CBQF Centro de Biotecnologia e Química Fina – Laboratório Associado, Escola Superior de Biotecnologia, Porto, Portugal 2Instituto Federal de Educação Ciência e Tecnologia de Alagoas. Campus Marechal Deodoro. AlagoasBrazil 3Department of Chemistry and CICECO-Aveiro Institute of Materials, University of Aveiro, Campus Universitário de Santiago, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal
1Universidade catolica Portugal, CBQF生物技术和精细化学中心-联合实验室，Escola Superior de Biotecnologia，波尔图，葡萄牙德奥多罗元帅校园。阿威罗大学圣地亚哥校区化学和CICECO-Aveiro材料研究所，3810-193阿威罗，葡萄牙
{"title":"The Transition towards Sustainable Diets Should Encourage Pulse Consumption in Children’s Diets: Insights for Policies in Food Systems","authors":"E. D. Vieira, A. M. Gomes, A. M. Gil, M. Vasconcelos","doi":"10.17756/jocd.2021-047","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.17756/jocd.2021-047","url":null,"abstract":"1Universidade Católica Portuguesa, CBQF Centro de Biotecnologia e Química Fina – Laboratório Associado, Escola Superior de Biotecnologia, Porto, Portugal 2Instituto Federal de Educação Ciência e Tecnologia de Alagoas. Campus Marechal Deodoro. AlagoasBrazil 3Department of Chemistry and CICECO-Aveiro Institute of Materials, University of Aveiro, Campus Universitário de Santiago, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal","PeriodicalId":87308,"journal":{"name":"Journal of obesity and chronic diseases","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"67652097","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Methods: Students 5th-8th grade from six public schools in rural areas of Arkansas voluntarily participated in a tele-visit nutrition education intervention. Students could have participated in up to seven tele-visit sessions over 6-months. Televisits consisted of a 20-minute one-on-one session addressing a specific nutritionrelated topic. A 16-item retrospective questionnaire assessed dietary behaviors after then before intervention. Wilcoxon signed-rank and exact sign tests assessed for significant differences in number of days per week fruits, vegetables, sugary beverages, caffeinated beverages, milk, and water were consumed before and after intervention.
{"title":"Findings from a Pilot-Study: Nutrition Education Tele-Visits to Promote Healthy Dietary Habits among Adolescents","authors":"Sabrina Spencer, C. Arthur","doi":"10.17756/jocd.2021-045","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.17756/jocd.2021-045","url":null,"abstract":"Methods: Students 5th-8th grade from six public schools in rural areas of Arkansas voluntarily participated in a tele-visit nutrition education intervention. Students could have participated in up to seven tele-visit sessions over 6-months. Televisits consisted of a 20-minute one-on-one session addressing a specific nutritionrelated topic. A 16-item retrospective questionnaire assessed dietary behaviors after then before intervention. Wilcoxon signed-rank and exact sign tests assessed for significant differences in number of days per week fruits, vegetables, sugary beverages, caffeinated beverages, milk, and water were consumed before and after intervention.","PeriodicalId":87308,"journal":{"name":"Journal of obesity and chronic diseases","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"67652348","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Amit Kumar, Ronald A Lubet, Jennifer T Fox, William G Nelson, Harold Seifried, Clinton J Grubbs, Mark Steven Miller
Epidemiology, clinical and experimental animal studies suggest high fructose diets are detrimental to metabolic status and may contribute to tumor development. This due to increased obesity and metabolic syndrome, known risk factors for many types of cancer. We compared tumor development in N-methyl-N-nitrosourea (MNU)-treated rats fed either a high (60%)-fructose diet (HFD) or a standard diet (SD). Female Sprague-Dawley rats at 43 days of age (DOA) were fed a SD or HFD followed by administration of MNU at 50 DOA. Rats were palpated weekly and sacrificed at 190 DOA. MNU-treated rats on HFD exhibited decreased tumor latency and roughly a two-fold increase in tumor multiplicity. RNA-Seq on frozen tumors (SD vs. HFD rats) showed altered expression of approximately 10% of genes (P < 0.05). When examined by Ingenuity Pathway Analysis, multiple highly significant pathways were identified including A) mechanisms of cancer, B) Wnt pathway, C) immune response (e.g., "Th1 and Th2 activation" and "antigen presentation") and D) LXR/RXR nuclear receptor. These generalized pathways were indirectly confirmed by alterations of various interrelated disease pathways (epithelial cancers, T cell numbers and apoptosis). In a second study, serum was collected from rats on the HFD or SD pre-MNU and at the time of sacrifice. Metabolomics revealed that the HFD yielded: A) increased levels of fructose, B) increases of various monoglycerols, C) reduced levels of various diacylglycerols and oxygenated inflammatory lipids (9 and 13 HODE and 12,13 DHOME) and D) increased levels of secondary bile acids (hyodeoxycholate and 6-oxolithocholate), which may reflect microbiome changes. These metabolomic changes, which are distinct from those on a high-fat diet, may prove relevant when examining individuals who consume higher levels of fructose.
{"title":"Effects of High-Fructose Diet <i>vs</i>. Teklad Diet in the MNU-Induced Rat Mammary Cancer Model: Altered Tumorigenesis, Metabolomics and Tumor RNA Expression.","authors":"Amit Kumar, Ronald A Lubet, Jennifer T Fox, William G Nelson, Harold Seifried, Clinton J Grubbs, Mark Steven Miller","doi":"","DOIUrl":"","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Epidemiology, clinical and experimental animal studies suggest high fructose diets are detrimental to metabolic status and may contribute to tumor development. This due to increased obesity and metabolic syndrome, known risk factors for many types of cancer. We compared tumor development in N-methyl-N-nitrosourea (MNU)-treated rats fed either a high (60%)-fructose diet (HFD) or a standard diet (SD). Female Sprague-Dawley rats at 43 days of age (DOA) were fed a SD or HFD followed by administration of MNU at 50 DOA. Rats were palpated weekly and sacrificed at 190 DOA. MNU-treated rats on HFD exhibited decreased tumor latency and roughly a two-fold increase in tumor multiplicity. RNA-Seq on frozen tumors (SD <i>vs.</i> HFD rats) showed altered expression of approximately 10% of genes (P < 0.05). When examined by Ingenuity Pathway Analysis, multiple highly significant pathways were identified including A) mechanisms of cancer, B) Wnt pathway, C) immune response (<i>e.g.</i>, \"Th1 and Th2 activation\" and \"antigen presentation\") and D) LXR/RXR nuclear receptor. These generalized pathways were indirectly confirmed by alterations of various interrelated disease pathways (epithelial cancers, T cell numbers and apoptosis). In a second study, serum was collected from rats on the HFD or SD pre-MNU and at the time of sacrifice. Metabolomics revealed that the HFD yielded: A) increased levels of fructose, B) increases of various monoglycerols, C) reduced levels of various diacylglycerols and oxygenated inflammatory lipids (9 and 13 HODE and 12,13 DHOME) and D) increased levels of secondary bile acids (hyodeoxycholate and 6-oxolithocholate), which may reflect microbiome changes. These metabolomic changes, which are distinct from those on a high-fat diet, may prove relevant when examining individuals who consume higher levels of fructose.</p>","PeriodicalId":87308,"journal":{"name":"Journal of obesity and chronic diseases","volume":"5 1","pages":"67-78"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8026172/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"25572973","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
E. D. Vieira, A. M. Gomes, A. M. Gil, Marta W. Vasconcelos
1Universidade Católica Portuguesa, CBQF Centro de Biotecnologia e Química Fina – Laboratório Associado, Escola Superior de Biotecnologia, Porto, Portugal 2Instituto Federal de Educação Ciência e Tecnologia de Alagoas. Campus Marechal Deodoro. AlagoasBrazil. 3Department of Chemistry and CICECO-Aveiro Institute of Materials, University of Aveiro, Campus Universitário de Santiago, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal
1Universidade catolica Portugal, CBQF生物技术和精细化学中心-联合实验室，Escola Superior de Biotecnologia，波尔图，葡萄牙德奥多罗元帅校园。AlagoasBrazil。3化学和CICECO-Aveiro材料研究所，阿威罗大学圣地亚哥校区，3810-193阿威罗，葡萄牙
{"title":"Pulses’ Benefits in Children’s Diets: A Narrative Review","authors":"E. D. Vieira, A. M. Gomes, A. M. Gil, Marta W. Vasconcelos","doi":"10.17756/jocd.2021-042","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.17756/jocd.2021-042","url":null,"abstract":"1Universidade Católica Portuguesa, CBQF Centro de Biotecnologia e Química Fina – Laboratório Associado, Escola Superior de Biotecnologia, Porto, Portugal 2Instituto Federal de Educação Ciência e Tecnologia de Alagoas. Campus Marechal Deodoro. AlagoasBrazil. 3Department of Chemistry and CICECO-Aveiro Institute of Materials, University of Aveiro, Campus Universitário de Santiago, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal","PeriodicalId":87308,"journal":{"name":"Journal of obesity and chronic diseases","volume":"35 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"67652475","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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