Behavioral Sciences最新文献

Research on Instagram addiction (IA) has examined a range of psychological and socio-relational factors to explain the addiction, including personality traits, self-esteem, mental health, social approval, and fear of missing out (FoMO), among others. However, no study has integrated both social influence processes (subjective norms, group norms, and social identity) and meaningful relationships (attachment, dyadic, and friendship ties) with FoMO in relation to IA. This study examined the interplay among social influence processes, meaningful relationships, and FoMO on IA, as well as the moderating roles of subjective and group norms on the indirect effect of anxious attachment on IA via FoMO. The sample consisted of 180 Italian young adults (aged 18-30) who completed validated questionnaires on IA, social influence, relationships, and FoMO after providing consent. Social media use was also explored through an open-ended question. Results indicate that FoMO, social and group norms, and group identification significantly contribute to IA. Anxious attachment had a significant indirect effect on IA via FoMO, with subjective and group norms moderating this association. Qualitative analysis of open-ended responses enriched the understanding of young adults' social media use. These findings highlight the importance of social influence, relationships, and FoMO in young adults' Instagram engagement and suggest directions for addressing problematic use in this group.

Executive function is crucial for the physical and mental health as well as social adaptation of preschool children, and cognitively engaging physical activity may serve as an effective intervention. This study employed a pre-post experimental design with a repeated measures ANOVA to examine the intervention effects and underlying mechanisms of a 20 min cognitively engaging physical activity on preschool children's executive function. A total of 56 preschool children were recruited and randomly assigned to either the cognitively engaging physical activity group or the conventional physical activity group. Executive function was assessed before and after the intervention using Go/No-Go, 1-back, and dimension-changing card classification tasks. Functional near-infrared spectroscopy was employed to monitor changes in oxygenated hemoglobin concentration in the prefrontal cortex during cognitive tasks. Results indicate that acute cognitively engaging physical activity effectively modulates oxygenated hemoglobin concentration in specific regions of the prefrontal cortex in preschool children, leading to an immediate enhancement in working memory capacity. This approach demonstrates potential advantages in inhibitory control, while no significant differences were observed in cognitive flexibility. Furthermore, post-intervention changes in inhibitory control and working memory showed significant positive correlations with changes in prefrontal oxygenated hemoglobin concentration. These findings provide scientific evidence for applying cognitive engagement elements in cognitive development and theoretical support for designing targeted physical activity interventions.

Social problem-solving (SPS) is a core component of social-emotional learning (SEL) that integrates cognitive, emotional, and behavioral processes essential for adaptive social functioning. Children with autism spectrum disorder (ASD) often experience persistent difficulties in these domains, highlighting the need for effective interventions. This meta-analysis quantitatively synthesized evidence on the effectiveness of SPS interventions for children with ASD. Nineteen group-design studies involving 741 participants met inclusion criteria. Using random-effects models, the pooled results revealed a significant, moderate overall effect on SPS competence (Cohen's d = 0.53, 95% CI [0.15, 1.01], p < 0.05). Subgroup analyses further indicated that teacher-led and school-based implementations produced stronger effects than researcher-led interventions in non-school contexts, underscoring the importance of ecological validity. SPS interventions also generated moderate-to-large improvements in related SEL domains, including social skills, emotion recognition, theory of mind, and executive function. These findings support SPS as a pivotal mechanism for promoting social-emotional development in children with ASD. Future research should employ more rigorous designs, report implementation fidelity, and examine the sustainability of teacher-led interventions within naturalistic school settings.

Co-design in healthcare settings requires teams to utilize each other's knowledge effectively, but practical guidance and simple methods for observing collaboration are often lacking. We tested whether a lightweight AI assistant that guides the process-and automatically logs who speaks, when, and how work progresses-can make teamwork easier to manage and easier to track. Six four-person teams completed the same five-phase session. The assistant nudged timing, turn-taking, and artifact hand-offs; all interactions were recorded in a shared workspace. We assessed usability and acceptance, expert-rated product quality (technical performance), perceived team performance, and self-rated technical contribution, and we summarized basic log signals of participation and pacing (e.g., turn-taking balance, average turn duration). Analyses were descriptive. All teams finished the protocol with complete logs. Outcomes were favorable (expert ratings averaged 4.18/5; perceived performance 6.14/7; self-rated contribution 4.08/5). Teams with more balanced participation and clearer pacing tended to report better performance, whereas simply having more turns did not. A process-guiding AI assistant can quantify teamwork behaviors as markers of collective intelligence and support reflection in everyday clinical co-design; future work will examine the generalizability of these findings across different sites.

This study introduces LegalEye, a multimodal machine-learning model developed to detect deception in courtroom settings across three languages: English, Spanish, and Tagalog. The research investigates whether integrating audio, visual, and textual data can enhance deception detection accuracy and reduce bias in diverse legal contexts. LegalEye uses neural networks and late fusion techniques to analyze multimodal courtroom testimony data. The dataset was carefully constructed with balanced representation across racial groups (White, Black, Hispanic, Asian) and genders, with attention to minimizing implicit bias. Performance was evaluated using accuracy and AUC across individual and combined modalities. The model achieved high deception detection rates-97% for English, 85% for Spanish, and 86% for Tagalog. Late fusion of modalities outperformed single-modality models, with visual features being most influential for English and Tagalog, while Spanish showed stronger audio and textual performance. The Tagalog audio model underperformed due to frequent code-switching. Dataset balancing helped mitigate demographic bias, though Asian representation remained limited. LegalEye shows strong potential for language-adaptive and culturally sensitive deception detection, offering a robust tool for pre-trial interviews and legal analysis. While not suited for real-time courtroom decisions, its objective insights can support legal counsel and promote fairer judicial outcomes. Future work should expand linguistic and demographic coverage.

Grounded in regulatory focus theory, this study investigates the double-edged sword effect of generative AI adoption on sustainable entrepreneurial intentions and its underlying mechanisms. A questionnaire-based survey was conducted among 357 business students from public universities in China. The results reveal that generative AI adoption exerts a double-edged effect: it enhances sustainable entrepreneurial intentions by strengthening sustainable entrepreneurial self-efficacy through a promotion-focused pathway, while simultaneously undermining such intentions by heightening sustainable entrepreneurial fear of failure via a prevention-focused pathway. Moreover, artificial intelligence literacy moderates these relationships, amplifying the positive influence of generative AI adoption on entrepreneurial self-efficacy and attenuating its negative effect on fear of failure. This study enhances understanding of sustainable entrepreneurship amid the rise in generative AI, extends regulatory focus theory, and informs the development of AI-integrated sustainability education in academic institutions.

Abusive supervision remains a pervasive and damaging phenomenon in organizations, prompting a critical need to understand preventive mechanisms. We adopt a leader-centric, actor-focused perspective to investigate how a positive organizational context can inhibit leaders' destructive behaviors. Drawing on Affective Events Theory (AET), we propose that leaders' awareness of their organization's philanthropic activities serves as a positive, morally salient event that generates feelings of moral pride. This pride, in turn, is theorized to reduce the likelihood of abusive supervision. Furthermore, we posit that this process is contingent on leaders' moral reputation maintenance concerns, such that the negative relationship between moral pride and abusive supervision is stronger for leaders who are highly concerned with being perceived as moral. We tested this model using a three-wave survey study involving 434 leaders. The results support our hypotheses, indicating that perceived philanthropy awareness is positively associated with moral pride, which, in turn, predicts lower abusive supervision. This indirect effect is significantly stronger for leaders with high moral reputation maintenance concerns. Our findings contribute to the literature by identifying a novel, positive, and self-regulatory pathway for preventing abusive supervision and showing that applying AET to understand how macro-level organizational good deeds can translate into improved micro-level leader conduct.

Music performance anxiety (MPA) can be examined within the framework of music performance ecosystems, wherein performers' musical self-concept is shaped through complex social and cultural interactions. This research aims to identify ecosystemic interactions contributing to the emergence of MPA, and to promote a shift in its understanding, from a focus on individual symptomatology to the recognition of collective influences. A qualitative analysis was conducted using biographical-narrative interviews with 11 established musical performers (six female, five male), aged 23 to 62, representing a range of instruments, including violin, viola, cello, flute, piano, harp, and voice. Their experience encompasses solo, chamber, and orchestral performance, as well as pedagogical work, all rooted in the traditional educational framework of Western classical music. The analysis, based on the grounded theory methodology, highlights four key dimensions: the demanding stage; the development of psychological resilience in performers; the musical self-concept as a reflection of the performer's experience; and performance as a process of transformation. The findings suggest that an ecosystemic perspective may support preventive interventions for MPA, particularly by reframing the traditional virtuoso performance model. Often internalized early in music education, this prestigious ideal continues to shape professional careers, placing heavy self-reflective demands on performers. To support healthier artistic development, music performance ecosystems can bridge the gap between skill acquisition and performer attunement. This is not merely a divide between learning and performing, but a structural loop in which training-oriented processes-such as analysis, self-criticism, and control-may hinder stage performance if not transformed into holistic, embodied execution.

With the widespread application of artificial intelligence (AI) technology in the sports industry, the spectator's experience is increasingly shaped by AI-driven features. To explore the mechanism through which the perceived AI-enabled spectating experience affects viewing behavior, and to validate the mediating role of viewing motivation (SDT Needs Satisfaction) in the relationship between AI and viewing behavior as well as the moderating role of player identification in this mediating pathway, we adopted literature review, survey, and empirical analysis methods. A sample of 272 Chinese tennis enthusiasts was surveyed, and both the measurement model and the structural model were evaluated. The results indicate that the measurement model has good internal consistency, reliability, convergent validity, and discriminant validity. The perceived AI-enabled spectating experience has a significant positive effect on viewing motivation, viewing intention, and recommendation intention. The data show that the indirect effect of the perceived AI-enabled spectating experience on the viewing intention through the viewing motivation is 0.0479, and the indirect effect of the perceived AI-enabled spectating experience on the recommendation intention through the viewing motivation is 0.0548. Both reached a significant level, and the direct effect of the perceived AI-enabled spectating experience has also reached statistical significance. Therefore, viewing motivation plays a partial mediating role between AI and viewing intention and between AI and recommendation intention. Player identification plays a significant positive moderating role (β = 0.2809 on viewing intention, β = 0.1621 on recommendation intention) in the relationship between viewing motivation and viewing behavior; however, it does not moderate the relationship between AI and viewing motivation. In other words, for spectators with higher player identification, viewing motivation drives more strongly both their viewing intention and recommendation intention. We suggest that sports event organizers and media use AI technologies to design differentiated marketing to enhance user engagement and optimize spectators' experience. For spectators with lower player identification, improving service quality can enhance their satisfaction; for those with higher player identification, efforts should focus on strengthening their connection with the players.

Attention-Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) is a common neurodevelopmental disorder. While there have been many empirical studies of childhood ADHD, there have been few qualitative studies investigating first-hand accounts of the lived experiences of children with ADHD. This study addresses that gap with qualitative data from open-ended interviews with 12 children ages 8 to 14 years about the positive and negative aspects of their ADHD. Overarching themes were identified using Interpretive Description and Thematic Analysis. An important point to emerge was a discrepancy between the generally negative perception of ADHD by society and the medical profession (a psychiatric disorder that needs to be cured) and the more nuanced perceptions of children who themselves have ADHD, where they express positive as well as negative aspects. Positive aspects reported included having more energy, the ability to hyper-focus, and being more creative and more fun because of their ADHD. The children's nuanced view of their ADHD is also at odds with an exclusively asset-based neurodiversity perspective that focuses only on strengths. The children perceived that some aspects of their ADHD are not advantageous. Implications are discussed with reference to rethinking how we understand ADHD, treatment practices for ADHD, and how to involve children with ADHD in future research.