Behavioral Sciences最新文献

As the application of artificial intelligence (AI) in the workplace increases, investigating its impact on work engagement is crucial for optimizing human resource management and enhancing organizational productivity and competitiveness. Based on the Conservation of Resources theory, this study investigated whether AI usage exhibits a double-edged sword effect on work engagement and examined the moderating role of core task characteristics substitution in this relationship. A two-wave study was conducted among 279 employees from China, and Hayes's PROCESS macro was used to test the moderated mediation model. The findings indicated that (1) AI usage enhances work engagement by increasing psychological availability and indirectly increases work engagement by suppressing work alienation; (2) core task characteristics substitution diminishes the enhancing effect of AI usage on psychological availability and the inhibiting effect of AI usage on work alienation; and (3) overall, AI usage tends to suppress work alienation, demonstrating an empowering effect. However, under conditions of high core task characteristics substitution, AI usage can increase work alienation, revealing potential negative effects. The findings enrich our understanding of the complex impact of AI usage on work engagement and offer valuable insights for managers to improve employee experiences in the AI era.

Building on the interactionist perspective of organizational creativity, we investigated the relationship between conscientiousness and employee creativity. We surveyed 260 frontline technical workers and their supervisors at three Chinese manufacturing enterprises. The results showed a positive relationship between conscientiousness and employee creativity. We also found a three-way interaction effect between conscientiousness, perceived time pressure, and trust in one's leader, which impacts employee creativity. We ended by discussing both the theoretical and managerial implications.

The extant literature has established an association between mindfulness, forgiveness, and self-construal; however, the mechanisms underlying these relationships are not yet clear. The present study aims to explore the potential moderating role of self-construal between mindfulness and forgiveness. Four hundred and nineteen participants were recruited and asked to complete measures of mindfulness, self-construal, state, and trait forgiveness. The results showed that mindfulness was positively correlated with state and trait forgiveness. The present study investigated the association between mindfulness and state forgiveness, as well as trait forgiveness, and how this was moderated by self-construal. The findings indicated that for participants who identified with interdependent self-construal, both associations increased, while for those who identified with independent self-construal, the relationship decreased or became non-significant. These results align with previous research and suggest that the mechanisms identified may be applicable to psychological education. The results of this study suggest the presence of a potential underlying mechanism between mindfulness and forgiveness through self-construal. The findings of the research have guiding significance for the design and implementation of psychological interventions, providing evidence that mindfulness training may promote forgiveness by affecting self-construal. These findings have the potential to enhance interpersonal relationships, promote cross-cultural communication and international cooperation, and cultivate students' mindfulness, empathy, and forgiveness, thereby supporting the creation of a more harmonious and supportive learning environment.

Validating measures of psychological flexibility (PF) and psychological inflexibility (PI) has occurred in multiple adult samples, but little research has validated PF and PI measures with adolescents. This manuscript describes two studies exploring the validity of responses to the Multidimensional Psychological Flexibility Inventory (MPFI) with two samples of adolescents. The first study used exploratory factor analyses on responses to the MPFI with a sample of 16-17-year-olds (N = 249). The results yielded a reduced and simplified measurement model that consisted of two general factors: one for PF and the other for PI. These exploratory findings were further investigated with confirmatory factor analyses in the second study, with a larger sample of 14-17-year-olds (N = 503). The results from the second study generally confirmed the factor model from the first study. Findings from both studies showed that scores derived from the reduced MPFI measurement model evidenced convergent and divergent validity with a variety of mental health criterion measures. Moreover, findings from the second study showed that PF and PI scores had differential predictive power on different concurrent mental health outcomes. This discussion highlights the implications of measuring PF and PI in adolescents, considers limitations of the present studies, and recommends next steps for research.

In today's dynamic organizational environments, interpersonal conflict and social exclusion can significantly impact employee behavior and organizational effectiveness. This study explores the complex interplay between interpersonal conflict, workplace ostracism, and interpersonal deviance in Jordan's public sector, emphasizing the moderating role of supervisors' active empathic listening. Using the stressor-emotion model, conservation of resources (COR) theory, and conflict expression (CE) framework, this study examined these relationships through a two-wave survey design. Data were collected from 501 public sector employees using validated scales, and an analysis was conducted using SPSS and AMOS, with structural equation modeling employed for hypothesis testing. The findings reveal that interpersonal conflict strongly predicts workplace ostracism and interpersonal deviance. Workplace ostracism mediates the relationship between conflict and deviance, while supervisors' active empathic listening moderates these effects, reducing the likelihood of deviant behaviors. These results underscore the importance of fostering empathetic leadership and inclusive workplace environments to mitigate conflict's negative impact. This research contributes to understanding workplace dynamics by highlighting the critical role of supervisors in moderating conflict and ostracism. The findings have practical implications for public sector organizations. Beyond training programs, supervisors can implement active empathic listening in practical settings by regularly holding one-on-one meetings in which they actively listen to employee concerns, using verbal and non-verbal cues to show engagement, asking open-ended questions to encourage deeper discussion, reflecting employee emotions to validate their feelings, and following up on issues raised to demonstrate concrete action based on what they have heard; this creates a culture of open communication in which employees feel heard and valued, leading to increased employee engagement and improved problem-solving abilities.

Friend selection is a crucial aspect of social development, particularly during preschool years. This study investigated the role of the liking gap in shaping preschoolers' friend selection mechanisms through two experiments. In Experiment 1 (N = 120), a liking gap task was used to examine whether preschoolers perceive a discrepancy between how much they like familiar friends and how much they believe those friends like them in return. The results indicated that preschoolers tend to assume that their most liked peers evaluate them less positively than they do in return, whereas they believe their least liked peers evaluate them more favorably than expected. In Experiment 2 (N = 117), a friend selection task was conducted to assess whether the liking gap influences preschoolers' choices of friends among unfamiliar peers. The findings revealed that while preschoolers prefer to befriend individuals they like or who like them, their decisions also reflect an awareness of how they are perceived by others. These results suggest that by ages 5 to 6, preschoolers develop an emerging sensitivity to social evaluations, which plays a role in their friend selection process.

Children with autism spectrum disorder (ASD) commonly show difficulty in communication and daily functional skills. The use of scripts may help establish these repertoires. Scripts may be visual (e.g., pictures depicting actions), textual (e.g., printed or written sentences depicting actions), or auditory (e.g., recorded or dictated phrases depicting actions).

Background/objectives: The purpose was to assess the efficacy of script fading in establishing the vocal verbal emission of sentences under the control of pictures representing actions from four behavioral sequences (e.g., brushing teeth) in three children with ASD. The effects of the intervention on the emergence of related non-verbal repertoires were evaluated. During intervention, the scripts were textual for one participant, who initially read the sentences. For the remaining two participants, scripts were dictated to them so they could repeat them. Across sessions, scripts were faded out by gradually omitting the words from the sentences.

Results: Script fading produced the emission of sentences solely in the presence of pictures (tacts according to a Skinnerian approach of language), replicating a previous study in which the same procedure also established the same type of repertoire. However, as an extension, in the current investigation, related non-verbal actions also emerged. Other previous studies into script fading were not specifically concerned with teaching tacts and probing the emergence of related non-verbal untaught repertoires.

Conclusions: The data were interpreted as indicating correspondence between verbal and non-verbal behavior or "say-do" correspondence. The data were discussed in the sense that script fading, for some learners, may improve communication with sentences that impact the acquisition of related non-verbal behavioral chains. Limitations of the research were discussed.

There is a lack of research directly examining the relationships between future orientation, individualism, prosocial engagement and identity status among Chinese youth. This study focuses on the moderating role of identity status in the relationship between individualistic values, future orientation and prosocial behaviours. The study sample consists of 1817 Chinese youth aged between 15 and 28. Six patterns of identity statuses were identified by a hierarchical cluster analysis. Path analysis was conducted to examine the relationship between the independent variables and youths' prosocial engagement and the moderating effects of identity status. The results showed that future orientation is significantly related to prosocial engagement, while individualistic value is not significantly associated with it. The interaction of future orientation and identity status significantly affects prosocial engagement. The effect of future orientation is greater for those in searching moratorium and carefree diffusion and lower for those in achievement and foreclosure. These imply that time perspective intervention may facilitate the prosocial engagement of students who lack a mature and committed identity.

Background: Anxiety disorders are among the most prevalent mental health issues of the 21st century, significantly impacting individuals and healthcare systems worldwide. Within higher education research, academic anxiety is particularly significant, as it encompasses the specific anxieties students face within academic environments, such as exams and public speaking. This study aims to provide a contemporary overview of academic anxiety within Spanish universities by addressing three key questions: (1) How has research on academic anxiety evolved in Spain? (2) What tools have been used to measure academic anxiety? (3) What factors and variables have been analyzed in relation to academic anxiety, and what are the main findings?

Methods: A systematic review was conducted following PRISMA guidelines for study selection, data extraction, and synthesis. The analysis focused on PubMed, PsycINFO, and Web of Science databases, examining 25 eligible articles published before January 2023. The objective was to evaluate, organize, and synthesize the evidence presented in these articles.

Results: The findings revealed that the majority of studies were conducted in the last decade, employing 20 distinct measurement tools and examining more than 40 associated variables. The academic anxieties investigated included various types such as test anxiety, language learning anxiety, math anxiety, public speaking anxiety, and discipline-specific anxieties like dissection or music performance anxiety. Additionally, the studies explored the relationships between these academic anxieties and other variables such as gender and age.

Conclusions: The implications of these findings for education and potential avenues for future research are discussed.

This study investigates the fears of romantic relationships. Based on Schwartz's theory of values, we built a comprehensive inventory of the fears that young people seeking romantic relationships may experience. We tested the fears' structure and the connections with personal values and socio-demographic variables. The study was conducted in Israel using a community sample of young Jews and Palestinians without romantic partners (n = 1083, 57% female, age 18-30). We discovered ten basic fears clustered into three groups (concerns). The ineptitude concern combines two fears: failing one's partner's expectations and failing expectations of one's relatives and friends. The subjugation concern combines four fears: loss of independence, boredom, sexual frustration, and thwarting one's achievements. Finally, the abuse concern combines four fears: losing control over one's resources, being hurt physically or sexually, harming relationships with one's relatives and friends, and being accused of inappropriate behavior. The ranking of concerns was identical among men and women, with ineptitude being the strongest concern, followed by subjugation and abuse. The ineptitude concern was associated with a higher preference for self-transcendence vs. self-enhancement values. The subjugation concern was associated with higher preferences for openness to change vs. conservation and self-enhancement vs. self-transcendence values. The abuse concern was associated with a higher preference for conservation vs. openness to change values. The ineptitude concern was stronger among younger ages, females, and Jews. The subjugation concern was stronger among older ages, males, and less religious people. Finally, the abuse concern was stronger among younger ages, males, religious people, and Palestinian Israelis. Socio-demographic variables affected relationship concerns directly and indirectly through their connection with personal values. The present study advances the theory of values connecting context-specific and general motivations. The results obtained will be helpful in youth counseling to promote satisfactory decisions regarding romantic relationships.