Behavioral Sciences最新文献

This study investigates the public relations (PR) challenges faced by the airline industry during the COVID-19 pandemic, with Spirit Airlines as a focal case. Using a mixed-methods approach, this study analyzes a dataset of 344 LinkedIn online reviews and digital reactions to an incident where a family was removed from a Spirit Airlines flight after their two-year-old child refused to wear a mask. The case study highlights the complex PR challenges airlines face in balancing public health protocols with customer relations during health crises. Through thematic and sentiment analyses, this research identifies gaps in traditional crisis communication models, advocating for empathetic, transparent strategies that align with pandemic-related sensitivities. It underscores the need for specialized staff training to effectively manage such crises. The findings suggest that conventional PR strategies fall short in addressing the multifaceted nature of pandemic-induced crises, calling for a shift towards human-centered communication and robust stakeholder management. This study contributes to the discourse on crisis communication in the airline industry, offering actionable insights for balancing public health responsibilities with customer satisfaction. It calls for a reevaluation of established crisis communication frameworks, urging future research to explore more inclusive and adaptive PR practices in response to health emergencies.

Although mobile health (mHealth) technologies have emerged as a revolutionary approach to enhance healthcare delivery, few studies have examined how it is perceived and accepted in different cultures. This study investigated mHealth's social acceptance among young people in Japan and China, with a focus on cultural influences on technology adoption. A comparative analysis approach was adopted, employing an extended unified theory of acceptance and use of the technology model. University students from both countries, recruited using harmonized sampling methods, completed questionnaires. We employed descriptive statistics to summarize the sample characteristics, confirmatory factor analysis to validate the constructs, multigroup analysis to test for measurement invariance and ensure the applicability of the model in both cultural contexts, and comparative path analysis to explore differences in the various factors influencing mHealth acceptance in each cultural setting. The findings revealed distinct cultural effects on mHealth acceptance. Japanese young people showed cautious acceptance influenced by societal norms and infrastructure, whereas Chinese young people demonstrated strong engagement driven by government support and the growing digital health industry. The study emphasizes the importance of considering cultural and systemic dynamics when integrating mHealth into youth healthcare models and suggests tailored strategies for successful implementation.

Social media is a crucial tool for health communication as it provides an immediate, wide-reaching platform to share information, correct misinformation, and promote health behaviors. The Health Belief Model (HBM) offers a structured approach for designing more effective social media messages by employing unique constructs predicting health behaviors, such as severity, susceptibility, benefits, barriers, and self-efficacy. While prior research has explored HBM constructs in health messages, most studies have collected the survey data with items lacking robust psychometric evidence, particularly in evaluating social media posts. This study addresses this gap by using Rasch Measurement Theory (RMT) to analyze the psychometric properties of HBM items evaluating social media posts promoting COVID-19 vaccination. The findings indicate that severity, benefits, and barriers are the most reliable HBM constructs in social media posts, while susceptibility and self-efficacy are underutilized in health messaging for social media. Also, dimensionality analysis confirms distinct patterns, but unexplained variance suggests that additional factors influence vaccine messaging, raising validity concerns. These results underscore the need to refine HBM-based message strategies by emphasizing overlooked constructs and improving item effectiveness. This study provides guidelines for using HBM-related measures in social media by establishing comprehensive psychometric properties, especially when applied in social media contexts. It also presents practical guidelines for designing and evaluating social media health messages, ensuring they effectively utilize HBM constructs to promote positive health behaviors. Future research should explore measurement invariance and content creators' emphasis on HBM constructs, leveraging high-engagement tweets while expanding to diverse perspectives for broader applicability.

Background: The increasing focus on healthy eating and achieving an ideal physique can lead to the development of disordered eating patterns, including orthorexia nervosa. The relationship between body image perception, self-esteem, and the risk of orthorexia nervosa is multifaceted, with negative body image and low self-esteem often acting as contributing factors. This study aimed to assess the risk of orthorexia nervosa and analyze body image perception among women engaged in strength training and dietetics students.

Methods: The study was conducted using a Computer-Assisted Web Interview with 190 women aged 18 and older, divided into four groups: dietetics students engaged in strength training, dietetics students not engaged in strength training, non-dietetics women engaged in strength training, and non-dietetics women not engaged in strength training. The study utilized the Düsseldorf Orthorexia Scale to assess the risk of orthorexia nervosa and the Body-Esteem Scale to evaluate body image perception.

Results: The highest orthorexia nervosa risk was observed in dietetics students who do not engage in a strength training group (60.9%), followed by dietetics students who engage in a strength training group (37.5%). In contrast, women who are not studying dietetics and do not engage in a strength training group exhibited the lowest orthorexia nervosa risk (13%), emphasizing the protective role of physical activity and reduced focus on nutritional rigidity. Regression analysis revealed that low appearance self-esteem (p = 0.011) and high social attribution (p = 0.043) significantly predicted higher orthorexia nervosa risk. Group affiliation also influenced orthorexia nervosa risk, with dietetics students showing higher Düsseldorf Orthorexia Scale scores. However, weight-related self-esteem (p = 0.082) did not significantly impact orthorexia nervosa scores.

Conclusions: Dietetics education and physical activity independently and collectively affect orthorexia nervosa risk. Students in dietetics, particularly those not engaged in strength training, are at a higher risk due to the dual influence of academic pressures and heightened nutritional awareness. The findings underscore the need for interventions targeting body image perception, promoting flexible dietary approaches, and addressing external validation pressures to mitigate orthorexia nervosa risk in high-risk groups.

This study aimed to explore the influence of various mask attributes on the recognition of micro-expressions (happy, neutral, and fear) and facial favorability under different background emotional conditions (happy, neutral, and fear). The participants were asked to complete an ME (micro-expression) recognition task, and the corresponding accuracy (ACC), reaction time (RT), and facial favorability were analyzed. Results: (1) Background emotions significantly impacted the RT and ACC in micro-expression recognition, with fear backgrounds hindering performance. (2) Mask wearing, particularly opaque ones, prolonged the RT but had little effect on the ACC. Transparent masks and non-patterned masks increased facial favorability. (3) There was a significant interaction between background emotions and mask attributes; negative backgrounds amplified the negative effects of masks on recognition speed and favorability, while positive backgrounds mitigated these effects. This study provides insights into how masks influence micro-expression recognition, crucial for future research in this area.

The rising prevalence of dementia, particularly in low-income and developing countries, highlights the urgent need for effective cognitive screening tools. However, the existing tools often fail to address the unique needs of low-educated and illiterate populations, leading to diagnostic disparities. This review aimed to evaluate cognitive screening tests and domains employed globally to detect mild cognitive impairment (MCI) and dementia in low-educated and illiterate older adults. Following the PRISMA guidelines, Searches were performed in Web of Science, Scopus, and PubMed, targeting studies from January 2000 to 2023 involving adults over 45 years old. Of 1611 studies identified, 27 met the inclusion criteria and underwent pair review. The results revealed that most studies preferred adapting the existing tools to local languages over developing culturally tailored instruments. Twelve cognitive tests specifically designed for low-educated populations were identified, with the Mini-Mental State Examination (MMSE) and Montreal Cognitive Assessment (MoCA) being the most utilized, despite their educational biases. Adjusting the cutoff points improved detection (e.g., MoCA: sensitivity 82.5%, specificity 82%). Notably, the Rowland Universal Dementia Assessment Scale (RUDAS) demonstrated superior performance for low-educated groups (sensitivity 89% and specificity 93%). The findings underscore the critical need for region-specific cognitive batteries that integrate functional assessments, ensuring equitable and accurate diagnosis across diverse educational backgrounds.

Introduction: Several studies point to an association between minority stress, especially internalized homonegativity and the quality of the couple relationship. However, the dimensions of psychological functioning that might moderate this relationship seem to be scarcely explored. Accordingly, the present study aimed to investigate the association between internalized homonegativity and relationship quality by examining the moderating role of adult attachment (dimensions of anxiety and avoidance) in lesbian and gay (LG) people.

Materials and methods: A total of 674 LG participants who had been in a couple relationship for at least 12 months were included in the study and completed self-report questionnaires.

Results: The results show a direct negative effect of internalized homonegativity on relationship quality. Adult attachment seems to moderate this relationship: on the one hand, the negative relationship between internalized homonegativity and relationship quality is significant at high levels of anxious attachment, but not at low levels. On the other hand, the negative relationship between internalized homonegativity and relationship quality turns out to be significant at low levels of avoidant attachment, but not at high levels.

Discussion: The results suggest that attachment anxiety and avoidance play different roles in the relationship between internalized homonegativity and relationship quality. While high levels of anxious attachment appear to be a risk factor, high levels of avoidant attachment seem to play a protective role. Although future studies are needed to investigate the present preliminary findings further, the results of the present study provide useful clinical and research insights.

Grasping others' intentions from their actions is essential for learning, as it enhances the ability to identify collaborative acts and anticipate others' actions, facilitating effective coordination toward shared goals. From a young age, children seem to recognize when others are working together based on their interactions and use this understanding to inform their own learning. Although much of early learning occurs in joint contexts, little attention has been devoted to understanding how children learn by participating in joint actions and by observing others acting together. Using a puzzle box paradigm, we tested 3-6-year-old children's imitation of an inefficient performance following individual and joint demonstrations in which the inefficient performance did or did not involve bimanual or joint coordination. This allowed us to test whether the tendency to overimitate extends to joint actions and how action coordination modulates imitative behavior. We found that overimitation extends to joint actions, as indicated by similar rates of inefficient copying following individual and joint action demonstrations. Furthermore, our results suggest that action coordination did not play a significant role in modulating children's tendency to overimitate. Taken together, the results of the study advance our understanding of how learning occurs in social interactions.

This study aims to investigate the key factors contributing to parental phubbing behaviors (the combination of "phone" and "snubbing"), ultimately reducing behavioral problems and promoting healthy development among preschool children. Parental phubbing refers to the phenomenon where parents neglect their children due to excessive mobile device use during parent-child interactions. A questionnaire was administered to 751 parents of preschool children during 2023 using a convenience sampling methodology. Structural equation modeling was used to investigate the underlying mechanisms among parental phubbing behavior, parent-child conflict, children's screen exposure duration, and preschool children's problematic behaviors. The phenomenon of parental phubbing exhibits a medium-high level of prevalence, paralleled by medium-high levels of problematic behaviors in preschool children; Parental phubbing not only directly predicts problematic behaviors in preschool children, but also indirectly influences these behaviors through a mediating chain comprising parent-child conflict and children's screen exposure duration. However, parental phubbing behavior does not directly predict preschool children's screen exposure duration; rather, parental phubbing behavior influences children's screen time through parent-child conflict as a significant mediating factor. The phenomenon of parental phubbing behavior is concerning, suggesting that parents should pay attention to the potential hazards of media use on preschool children, improve their own media literacy, and provide appropriate media guidance to their children while accompanying them at home, so as to jointly promote the comprehensive development of preschool children.

Employee well-being and affective states are critical factors influencing overall organizational success. This study examined the immediate effects of a sensory-enhanced acute exercise program on employees' affective characteristics, including emotions, anxiety, and work motivation; A total of 84 participants, split into an experimental and control group, participated in the actual study. The experimental group engaged in a 14-min tailored exercise program in a sensory-rich "smart room" while the control group watched a neutral animated documentary. A pretest-posttest design was used, and data were analyzed using repeated measures ANOVA with post hoc tests for significant interactions; The results revealed significant improvements in positive emotions (F(1, 82) = 20.99, p < 0.01) and work motivation (energy level: F(1, 82) = 48.36, p < 0.01; emotional arousal: F(1, 82) = 12.29, p < 0.01) in the experimental group, along with a significant reduction in anxiety (F(1, 82) = 11.37, p < 0.01) compared to the control group. Although reductions in negative emotions were observed across both groups, the differences were not statistically significant; This study underscores the effectiveness of integrating exercise with tailored sensory environments to enhance emotional states and workplace motivation. Such interventions offer a practical and scalable approach to improving employee well-being, highlighting their potential for adoption in diverse professional settings.