Behavioral Sciences最新文献

Depressive symptoms are common among empty-nest older adults in China, yet the interpersonal emotion regulation patterns linked to these symptoms remain unclear. We compared interpersonal emotion regulation strategies in sadness and anger contexts between empty-nest older adults with high and low depressive symptoms (N = 129). Participants reported passive, proactive, and problem-solving strategies, and cross-context variability was used to index regulatory flexibility. Results showed that the high depressive symptom group used fewer passive strategies (e.g., acceptance, avoidance/denial) across both contexts and showed lower cross-context variability. In sadness, they employed more suppression but fewer Express and Solve strategies (e.g., communication, advice-seeking, planning, and problem-solving); in anger, they used more Express and Seek strategies (e.g., expressing and understanding feelings). These findings suggest that depressive symptoms in empty-nest older adults correlate with a maladaptive regulatory style, marked by reduced passive engagement, less proactive involvement, and more suppression in sadness, more inward aggression in anger, and limited cross-context flexibility.

Self-report surveys were conducted in Australia between May 2020 and April 2024, allowing for an analysis of perceived psychological resilience in those with and without suicidal ideation (SI) during and after the COVID-19 pandemic. Linear mixed models were used to describe the factors associated with psychological resilience in these populations and in people experiencing transitions between SI states. Of the 1145 people who responded more than once to the survey, 879 (77%) always reported "never SI", 84 (7%) always reported SI, while 182 (16%) reported SI for only some of their surveys. People who moved between SI states reported significantly lower psychological resilience than those who reported "never SI", but significantly higher psychological resilience than those reporting SI in all their surveys. For participants always reporting SI, greater psychological resilience was significantly associated with greater hopefulness and quality of life, and less sleep than usual. In people who moved between SI states, greater psychological resilience was significantly associated with greater hopefulness, less psychological distress and lower likelihood of mental illness. Only participants with "never SI" reported better psychological resilience alongside consistent sleep and exercise quantities. These results have important implications for suicide prevention in Australia. However, bidirectional associations require further investigation.

Fibromyalgia (FM) is associated with increased suicidal behavior (SB). This critical review integrates the ideation-to-action models-Interpersonal Theory of Suicide (IPTS), Three-Step Theory (3ST), and Integrated Motivational-Volitional (IMV) Model-with clinical and neuropsychological correlates to discriminate between suicidal ideation (the motivational component) and suicidal action (the volitional component) in FM. Ideation is related to hopelessness, perceived burden, thwarted belongingness, and entrapment, as well as to pain/interference, sleep disturbances, fatigue, mood, pain catastrophizing, and attentional pain vigilance. The transition to action is associated with impulsivity, executive dysfunction (including inhibitory control, flexibility, and decision-making under ambiguity/risk), acquired capability due to repeated exposure to pain and medical procedures, and access to lethal means. Suicidal planning is conceptualized as high-severity ideation, while action includes preparatory behaviors and suicide attempts. Evidence from Spanish instruments is synthesized-Columbia Suicide Severity Rating Scale (C-SSRS), Plutchik Suicide Risk Scale (PSRS), Beck Depression Inventory-II (Item 9 of the BDI-II), and Suicide Behaviors Questionnaire-Revised (SBQ-R)-pointing out overlaps with pain/depression and the lack of specific validation in FM. Prospective cohorts, standardization of definitions/windows, comparable neuropsychological batteries, and mechanistic trials on motivational and volitional targets and interventions focused on pain reduction are proposed.

With the widespread adoption of information technology, work connectivity behavior after hours has become a common phenomenon in organizations, yet its potential positive effects on employees remain to be explored. Guided by Conservation of Resources theory and integrating the Job Demands-Resources model with the Work-Home Resources model, this study integrated work and family domains to investigate how work connectivity behavior after hours influences work engagement from a resource perspective. Analysis of data from 327 Chinese employees revealed a positive association between work connectivity behavior after hours and work engagement. This relationship was found to be mediated by employees' thriving at work and their experience of work-family enrichment. Furthermore, workplace mindfulness was found to moderate the association between work connectivity behavior after hours and thriving at work, as well as the strength of the overall indirect pathway to work engagement. These findings not only extend the current literature on work connectivity behavior after hours but also provide novel perspectives for organizations to effectively manage such connectivity beyond working hours.

Fibromyalgia (FM) is a chronic, widespread pain disorder that severely impairs daily functioning and well-being. Beyond physical symptoms, social and cognitive factors such as illness invalidation and difficulties in acceptance may further hinder adaptation. This study examined whether positive mental health and subjective well-being mediate the relationship between these factors and functioning in women with FM. A total of 148 women aged 20-65 completed self-report measures of the study variables. Preliminary correlation analyses showed that positive mental health was unrelated to invalidation and was therefore excluded from the mediation model. Mediation analyses revealed that higher illness invalidation and greater difficulties in illness acceptance were associated with lower subjective well-being, which in turn related to poorer functioning. These findings highlight the central role of subjective well-being in linking psychosocial factors to functioning in women with FM. Illness invalidation, acceptance difficulties, and subjective well-being itself emerged as key therapeutic targets, underscoring the importance of integrated, acceptance-based, and patient-centered interventions that foster well-being and support adaptive functioning despite persistent symptoms.

Bullying-a form of deliberate aggressive behaviour where one peer causes harm to another in the context of a power imbalance-is among the top threats facing youth. Witnessing bullying can evoke many feelings, including anxiety, especially for individuals who have been victimized of bullying in the past. Anxiety can shape how individuals navigate social situations, including if and how bystanders intervene in bullying situations. The current study examined how previous bullying victimization, state anxiety, and anxiety sensitivity interact to influence defending behaviours while witnessing social exclusion in a virtual reality (VR) environment. Data were collected from 40 undergraduate participants who completed self-report measures and an in-lab VR task where they had the opportunity to defend against social exclusion. Although bullying victimization was unrelated to state anxiety, results of a moderated mediation model indicated that trait anxiety sensitivity moderated the link between state anxiety and peer defending. For those with low anxiety sensitivity, increased state anxiety after witnessing social exclusion predicted higher rates of defending. However, for individuals with high anxiety sensitivity, the opposite pattern was found, such that state anxiety predicted lower rates of defending. Given these findings, bullying prevention programmes should consider incorporating strategies to address anxiety sensitivity to promote peer defending.

In the past few decades, we have seen increasing specialization within developmental science, with researchers focusing on narrowly defined research areas in child development. This specialization has yielded deep insights and methodological advances across many developmental areas. However, it has also led to siloes of expertise. In this article, we review findings on how motor, visual, auditory, olfactory and gustatory experiences affect early cognitive development. We identify some common themes across these domains, such as the role of predictive processing in early development. We argue for the importance of adopting a dynamic systems approach and considering the variabilities both within the individual and in the larger cultural environments. Finally, we conclude by outlining several avenues for future research that seek to advance integrative approaches within developmental science.

After making a lineup decision, eyewitnesses may be asked to indicate their confidence in their decision. Eyewitness confidence is considered an important reflector of accuracy. Previous studies have considered the confidence-accuracy (CA) relationship-that is, the relationship between participants' confidence in their lineup decision and the accuracy of that decision. However, the literature is limited and mixed concerning the CA relationship in cross-race scenarios. We considered the CA relationship for White and Asian participants and targets (fully crossed) using sequential lineups. Participants completed four trials (two White targets and two Asian targets). For each trial, they watched a mock-crime video, performed a distractor task, made a sequential lineup decision (target-present or target-absent), and indicated confidence in their lineup decision. White participants had higher identification accuracy with White than Asian targets, while Asian participants were similarly accurate with White and Asian targets. White participants' confidence was better calibrated for White than Asian targets, except for when they had medium-high confidence (no difference). This finding is not only theoretically relevant-showing support for the optimality hypothesis-but also practically relevant-suggesting that the CA relationship may differ for target races at some levels of confidence.

Substantial research has been dedicated to the study of transnational students' language, education, and identity development in order to cultivate their funds of knowledge and to improve their schooling experiences. However, as this Special Issue points out, a more holistic and transdisciplinary approach is needed. The present paper does just this, zooming in on teacher education programs designed to prepare teachers to work with transnational students using transdisciplinary arts-based approaches, and in particular, Augusto Boal's Forum Theater. Employing collective autoethnography and building on a larger research study that explores participant reflections on experiences engaging in Forum Theater, we reconsider three scenarios from arts-based workshops conducted with transnational learners and preservice/inservice teachers (aka teacher learners). In doing so, we deconstruct exactly how the exploration and brainstorming of effective responses to transnational youth experiences of discrimination, stereotyping, and racism in the Forum Theater workshops are harnessed to help participants understand the psychological, cognitive, and behavioral factors at play that impact transnational youth language, education, and identity development. Findings show how each scenario could lead to greater understanding of transnational youth experiences, and the development of teacher learners' critical consciousness in working with these students.

Artificial intelligence is increasingly embedded in service interactions, requiring users to form rapid social judgments about AI communicators based on limited linguistic and contextual cues. This research examines how AI communication tone shapes behavioral intentions through social cognitive processes of role construal and agency attribution. Drawing on politeness theory, formality research, and social cognition perspectives, two scenario-based experiments test whether formal versus casual tone influences responses via attitudes toward the tone and the AI, and how these effects depend on perceptions of AI as a servant-like social actor. Study 1 shows that tone effects are moderated by servant perception and that economic framing, specifically paid versus free access, functions as an antecedent of hierarchical role construal. Study 2 replicates these effects and demonstrates that interaction structure, one-way versus two-way communication, similarly shapes servant perception by signaling differential autonomy. Across both studies, formal tone is more effective when AI is construed as subordinate, whereas casual tone is less effective under hierarchical role frames. By identifying servant perception as a central social cognitive mechanism, this research advances understanding of human judgment and decision making in technology-mediated interactions and offers implications for AI communication design aligned with role expectations. Because both studies rely on U.S. consumers, the findings should be interpreted within cultural contexts characterized by relatively low power distance, where role expectations and hierarchy norms may differ from other cultural settings.