Pub Date : 2021-01-01DOI: 10.25518/1780-4507.18985
S. Oliveira, Jefferson Costa Santos, B. N. Leite, G. A. Santos, José Ferreira da Silva
Description of the subject. In crop-weed competition, some periods are critical because they may interfere with the crop production capacity. Therefore, knowing these periods is crucial when deciding on the best time for control and preparation of the Integrated Management Program. Objectives. To determine the Period Prior to Interference, Total Period for Interference Prevention, and the Critical Interference Period in pineapple cultivation. Method. The experimental design consisted of randomized blocks in 2 x 15 factorial arrangement, four replications, and two management systems: weeds control and crop-weeds coexistence; 15 increasing periods of 30 days each after planting: 0, 30, 60, 90, 120, 150, 180, 210, 240, 270, 300, 330, 360, 390, 420. In the control treatments, since planting, manual weeding (with hoe) and mechanical weeding (with brush cutter) were done during increasing periods of time, and in the coexistence treatments, the weeds lived together with pineapple plants and, at the end of each period, weeds control was made with mechanical and chemical weeding. Results. The best yields were achieved in the periods of less coexistence with weeds. The critical periods for interference prevention with 5 and 10% of yield losses were 259 and 204 days, respectively. Conclusions. The critical period for interference prevention lasted 14-259 days after planting of the pineapple offsets.
{"title":"Critical period of weeds interference in pineapple (Ananas comosus [L.] Merr.) crops","authors":"S. Oliveira, Jefferson Costa Santos, B. N. Leite, G. A. Santos, José Ferreira da Silva","doi":"10.25518/1780-4507.18985","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.25518/1780-4507.18985","url":null,"abstract":"Description of the subject. In crop-weed competition, some periods are critical because they may interfere with the crop production capacity. Therefore, knowing these periods is crucial when deciding on the best time for control and preparation of the Integrated Management Program. Objectives. To determine the Period Prior to Interference, Total Period for Interference Prevention, and the Critical Interference Period in pineapple cultivation. Method. The experimental design consisted of randomized blocks in 2 x 15 factorial arrangement, four replications, and two management systems: weeds control and crop-weeds coexistence; 15 increasing periods of 30 days each after planting: 0, 30, 60, 90, 120, 150, 180, 210, 240, 270, 300, 330, 360, 390, 420. In the control treatments, since planting, manual weeding (with hoe) and mechanical weeding (with brush cutter) were done during increasing periods of time, and in the coexistence treatments, the weeds lived together with pineapple plants and, at the end of each period, weeds control was made with mechanical and chemical weeding. Results. The best yields were achieved in the periods of less coexistence with weeds. The critical periods for interference prevention with 5 and 10% of yield losses were 259 and 204 days, respectively. Conclusions. The critical period for interference prevention lasted 14-259 days after planting of the pineapple offsets.","PeriodicalId":87455,"journal":{"name":"Skull base surgery","volume":"14 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"73807382","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-01-01DOI: 10.25518/1780-4507.18915
Ayékotchami Jacques Dossou, Adandé Belarmain Fandohan
Introduction. L’envenimation ophidienne constitue un problème de santé publique, social et économique dans les régions tropicales et subtropicales. Le cout onéreux des sérums antivenimeux rend le recours à ce traitement, qui reste pourtant le seul cliniquement approuvé, inaccessible à la majorité de la population dans ces pays. Pour y faire face, les habitants de ces régions ont donc souvent recours à des plantes reconnues comme médicinales par les connaissances traditionnelles. Le présent travail se propose de faire une synthèse de l’état des connaissances aussi bien traditionnelles que scientifiques sur les morsures de serpents et les plantes anti-morsure et antivenin de serpent à travers le monde. Il vise à la constitution d’une base de données des espèces de plantes utilisées pour prévenir et guérir les morsures de serpents et à la mise en évidence de potentielles futures pistes de recherche pour une valorisation de leur potentiel pharmaceutique. Littérature. La présente revue systématique a utilisé les bases de données Agora et Google Scholar comme moteurs de recherche pour recenser, à travers des critères d’inclusion et d’exclusion bien définis, toutes les études pertinentes portant sur les morsures de serpents et les plantes utilisées pour leur prévention ou traitement. Conclusions. La quasi-totalité des cas de morsures de serpents rapportées dans la littérature scientifique provient des pays chauds et/ou du Sud. Elles y constituent une maladie négligée parce qu’elles ne font pas objet de l’attention qu’elles méritent de la part des autorités et organismes en charge de la santé publique de ces pays. Cependant, 66 espèces de plantes regroupées en 31 familles sont utilisées pour prévenir la morsure des serpents et 1 127 espèces de plantes appartenant à 176 familles le sont pour le traitement des morsures de serpents dans le monde. Bien que l’efficacité de certaines de ces plantes ait été mise scientifiquement en évidence, des études pharmacologiques approfondies doivent encore être menées pour valider leur utilisation en vue de contribuer à améliorer le bien-être des communautés, et surtout les communautés rurales des pays en voie de développement.
{"title":"Utilisation des plantes médicinales pour prévenir et guérir les morsures de serpents : état des lieux et perspectives(synthèse bibliographique)","authors":"Ayékotchami Jacques Dossou, Adandé Belarmain Fandohan","doi":"10.25518/1780-4507.18915","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.25518/1780-4507.18915","url":null,"abstract":"Introduction. L’envenimation ophidienne constitue un problème de santé publique, social et économique dans les régions tropicales et subtropicales. Le cout onéreux des sérums antivenimeux rend le recours à ce traitement, qui reste pourtant le seul cliniquement approuvé, inaccessible à la majorité de la population dans ces pays. Pour y faire face, les habitants de ces régions ont donc souvent recours à des plantes reconnues comme médicinales par les connaissances traditionnelles. Le présent travail se propose de faire une synthèse de l’état des connaissances aussi bien traditionnelles que scientifiques sur les morsures de serpents et les plantes anti-morsure et antivenin de serpent à travers le monde. Il vise à la constitution d’une base de données des espèces de plantes utilisées pour prévenir et guérir les morsures de serpents et à la mise en évidence de potentielles futures pistes de recherche pour une valorisation de leur potentiel pharmaceutique. Littérature. La présente revue systématique a utilisé les bases de données Agora et Google Scholar comme moteurs de recherche pour recenser, à travers des critères d’inclusion et d’exclusion bien définis, toutes les études pertinentes portant sur les morsures de serpents et les plantes utilisées pour leur prévention ou traitement. Conclusions. La quasi-totalité des cas de morsures de serpents rapportées dans la littérature scientifique provient des pays chauds et/ou du Sud. Elles y constituent une maladie négligée parce qu’elles ne font pas objet de l’attention qu’elles méritent de la part des autorités et organismes en charge de la santé publique de ces pays. Cependant, 66 espèces de plantes regroupées en 31 familles sont utilisées pour prévenir la morsure des serpents et 1 127 espèces de plantes appartenant à 176 familles le sont pour le traitement des morsures de serpents dans le monde. Bien que l’efficacité de certaines de ces plantes ait été mise scientifiquement en évidence, des études pharmacologiques approfondies doivent encore être menées pour valider leur utilisation en vue de contribuer à améliorer le bien-être des communautés, et surtout les communautés rurales des pays en voie de développement.","PeriodicalId":87455,"journal":{"name":"Skull base surgery","volume":"88 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"76673182","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-01-01DOI: 10.25518/1780-4507.18754
Fanta Reine Sheirita Tiétiambou Tiétiambou, Anne Mette Lykke, Urbain Dembélé, A. A. E. Mekki, Gabin Korbéogo, A. Ouédraogo
Description du sujet. Carapa procera DC. est un arbre oléagineux local à fort potentiel socio-économique. Sa promotion peut contribuer à diversifier et augmenter les sources de revenus des communautés locales. Objectifs. Le but de cette étude est d’analyser la chaine de valeur (CV) du savon médical artisanal (SMA) de C. procera et d’évaluer son potentiel pour l’amélioration de l’économie locale. Notre analyse se limite aux dimensions organisationnelle et économique de cette CV, notamment sur la création de valeur ajoutée et sa répartition entre les principaux acteurs qui la composent. Méthode. Un inventaire des produits oléagineux de C. procera dans 29 marchés locaux et des enquêtes auprès de 104 acteurs ont été réalisés principalement dans le Kénédougou et dans d’autres localités de vente des produits au Burkina Faso. Résultats. La CV du SMA implique au moins 283 acteurs réalisant 574 activités relatives à la collecte des graines, leur transformation primaire en huile, la transformation secondaire de l’huile en savon et la commercialisation du savon. Soixante-treize pour cent des acteurs sont membres d’une organisation et 71 % des liens entre les acteurs sont basés sur des contrats. Les marges sont de 0,08 €·kg-1 de graines pour les collecteurs, 1,79 €·l-1 d’huile pour les transformateurs primaires et respectivement 1,42 et 2,22 €·kg-1 de savon pour les transformateurs secondaires et les commerçants. Le revenu et la valeur ajoutée annuels perçus par l’ensemble des acteurs de la CV sont respectivement de 10 573 € et 11 335 €. Le revenu total de la CV est inégalement distribué entre les acteurs, avec 20 % d’entre eux qui en totalisent plus de 70 %. Conclusions. L’essor de la CV du savon de C. procera nécessite une redistribution des revenus pour améliorer les parts des acteurs actuellement défavorisés.
{"title":"Analyse organisationnelle et économique de la chaine de valeur du savon produit artisanalement à partir d’huile de Carapa procera DC. au Burkina Faso","authors":"Fanta Reine Sheirita Tiétiambou Tiétiambou, Anne Mette Lykke, Urbain Dembélé, A. A. E. Mekki, Gabin Korbéogo, A. Ouédraogo","doi":"10.25518/1780-4507.18754","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.25518/1780-4507.18754","url":null,"abstract":"Description du sujet. Carapa procera DC. est un arbre oléagineux local à fort potentiel socio-économique. Sa promotion peut contribuer à diversifier et augmenter les sources de revenus des communautés locales. Objectifs. Le but de cette étude est d’analyser la chaine de valeur (CV) du savon médical artisanal (SMA) de C. procera et d’évaluer son potentiel pour l’amélioration de l’économie locale. Notre analyse se limite aux dimensions organisationnelle et économique de cette CV, notamment sur la création de valeur ajoutée et sa répartition entre les principaux acteurs qui la composent. Méthode. Un inventaire des produits oléagineux de C. procera dans 29 marchés locaux et des enquêtes auprès de 104 acteurs ont été réalisés principalement dans le Kénédougou et dans d’autres localités de vente des produits au Burkina Faso. Résultats. La CV du SMA implique au moins 283 acteurs réalisant 574 activités relatives à la collecte des graines, leur transformation primaire en huile, la transformation secondaire de l’huile en savon et la commercialisation du savon. Soixante-treize pour cent des acteurs sont membres d’une organisation et 71 % des liens entre les acteurs sont basés sur des contrats. Les marges sont de 0,08 €·kg-1 de graines pour les collecteurs, 1,79 €·l-1 d’huile pour les transformateurs primaires et respectivement 1,42 et 2,22 €·kg-1 de savon pour les transformateurs secondaires et les commerçants. Le revenu et la valeur ajoutée annuels perçus par l’ensemble des acteurs de la CV sont respectivement de 10 573 € et 11 335 €. Le revenu total de la CV est inégalement distribué entre les acteurs, avec 20 % d’entre eux qui en totalisent plus de 70 %. Conclusions. L’essor de la CV du savon de C. procera nécessite une redistribution des revenus pour améliorer les parts des acteurs actuellement défavorisés.","PeriodicalId":87455,"journal":{"name":"Skull base surgery","volume":"5 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"74066726","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-01-01DOI: 10.25518/1780-4507.18823
S. J. Alavi, K. Ahmadi, C. Dormann, J. Serra-Diaz, Z. Nouri
Description of the subject. This study evaluates the application of Boosted Regression Trees (BRT) for predicting beech dominant height in the Hyrcanian forests of Iran, inscribed as a UNESCO’s World Heritage due to its remarkable biodiversity. Objectives. It is widely accepted that tree growth can be influenced by a wide variety of factors such as climate, topography, soil conditions and competition for resources. The early dominant height of trees modelling studies used the multiple linear regression. The development of more advanced non-parametric and machine learning methods provided opportunities to overcome the nonlinear relationships in forest ecosystems. Method. In this study, boosted regression trees was evaluated to model the dominant height of Fagus orientalis as the most important tree species in the Hyrcanian forest, Iran. Dominant height was related to soil and topographical variables, which are available for 190 sample plots covering all importance environmental gradients in the research area. Results. The results indicated BRT were found to outperform for modelling beech dominant height. This technique showed that phosphorus, percentage nitrogen, magnesium and percentage sand were among the most important variables. Conclusions. This study demonstrates the ability of BRT to accurately model the dominant height of oriental beech in relation to environmental predictors, and encourages its use in forest ecology.
{"title":"Assessing the dominant height of oriental beech (Fagus orientalis L.) in relation to edaphic and physiographic variables in the Hyrcanian Forests of Iran","authors":"S. J. Alavi, K. Ahmadi, C. Dormann, J. Serra-Diaz, Z. Nouri","doi":"10.25518/1780-4507.18823","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.25518/1780-4507.18823","url":null,"abstract":"Description of the subject. This study evaluates the application of Boosted Regression Trees (BRT) for predicting beech dominant height in the Hyrcanian forests of Iran, inscribed as a UNESCO’s World Heritage due to its remarkable biodiversity. Objectives. It is widely accepted that tree growth can be influenced by a wide variety of factors such as climate, topography, soil conditions and competition for resources. The early dominant height of trees modelling studies used the multiple linear regression. The development of more advanced non-parametric and machine learning methods provided opportunities to overcome the nonlinear relationships in forest ecosystems. Method. In this study, boosted regression trees was evaluated to model the dominant height of Fagus orientalis as the most important tree species in the Hyrcanian forest, Iran. Dominant height was related to soil and topographical variables, which are available for 190 sample plots covering all importance environmental gradients in the research area. Results. The results indicated BRT were found to outperform for modelling beech dominant height. This technique showed that phosphorus, percentage nitrogen, magnesium and percentage sand were among the most important variables. Conclusions. This study demonstrates the ability of BRT to accurately model the dominant height of oriental beech in relation to environmental predictors, and encourages its use in forest ecology.","PeriodicalId":87455,"journal":{"name":"Skull base surgery","volume":"83 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"80719062","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-01-01DOI: 10.25518/1780-4507.18799
Kodjovi Mawuégnigan Léonard Agbodan, S. Akpavi, Kossi Béssan Amegnaglo, Amah Akodewou, Badabate Diwediga, Donko Koudzo Koda, K. Batawila, K. Akpagana
Description du sujet. La baisse et l’irrégularité des pluies modifient considérablement les saisons culturales, ce qui oblige les paysans à une restructuration du calendrier agricole en s’appuyant sur les savoirs locaux. Objectifs. L’objectif de cette étude est de valoriser les savoirs locaux utilisés par les paysans dans la gestion du calendrier agricole. Les objectifs spécifiques sont, d’une part, d’inventorier les indicateurs biophysiques utilisés dans la définition des calendriers culturaux et, d’autre part, de déterminer les espèces végétales repères communes aux trois zones écologiques étudiées. Méthode. Ce but fut atteint grâce à des interviews semi-directes individuelles et via des focus groups auprès d’un échantillon de 689 agriculteurs répartis dans 65 localités. Résultats. Il ressort que la totalité des paysans enquêtés utilisent des marqueurs temporels dans la définition des calendriers culturaux, surtout dans la reconnaissance des débuts de saison pluvieuse (période de semis) et de saison sèche (période de récolte). Il s’agit principalement des indicateurs biologiques tels que la phénologie des plantes (en saison sèche : Triumfetta rhomboidea Jacq. [floraison], Spathodea campanulata P.Beauv. [floraison], Vitellaria paradoxa C.F.Gaertn. [fructification] et en saison pluvieuse : Millettia thonningii (Schum. & Thonn.) Baker [floraison], V. paradoxa [floraison], Delonix regia (Hook.) Raf. [floraison], Ceiba pentandra (L.) Gaertn. [éclatement du fruit]). Au total, 67 espèces végétales ont été recensées comme indicateurs des variations des saisons agricoles. Outre les espèces végétales, la migration saisonnière des oiseaux (73 %), l’apparition des insectes (48 %), mais aussi des indicateurs abiotiques comme le sens du vent (100 %), les observations des étoiles (82 %) et le déplacement des nuages (69 %) sont utilisés comme repères dans la gestion des périodes agricoles. Conclusions. La connaissance de ces signaux permet aux paysans d’anticiper sur d’éventuelles variabilités climatiques et suivre, diriger et adapter leurs activités culturales. Ces savoirs locaux constituent dès lors une aubaine pour l’adaptation aux changements climatiques.
{"title":"Savoirs locaux sur les marqueurs temporels en zone guinéenne au Togo","authors":"Kodjovi Mawuégnigan Léonard Agbodan, S. Akpavi, Kossi Béssan Amegnaglo, Amah Akodewou, Badabate Diwediga, Donko Koudzo Koda, K. Batawila, K. Akpagana","doi":"10.25518/1780-4507.18799","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.25518/1780-4507.18799","url":null,"abstract":"Description du sujet. La baisse et l’irrégularité des pluies modifient considérablement les saisons culturales, ce qui oblige les paysans à une restructuration du calendrier agricole en s’appuyant sur les savoirs locaux. Objectifs. L’objectif de cette étude est de valoriser les savoirs locaux utilisés par les paysans dans la gestion du calendrier agricole. Les objectifs spécifiques sont, d’une part, d’inventorier les indicateurs biophysiques utilisés dans la définition des calendriers culturaux et, d’autre part, de déterminer les espèces végétales repères communes aux trois zones écologiques étudiées. Méthode. Ce but fut atteint grâce à des interviews semi-directes individuelles et via des focus groups auprès d’un échantillon de 689 agriculteurs répartis dans 65 localités. Résultats. Il ressort que la totalité des paysans enquêtés utilisent des marqueurs temporels dans la définition des calendriers culturaux, surtout dans la reconnaissance des débuts de saison pluvieuse (période de semis) et de saison sèche (période de récolte). Il s’agit principalement des indicateurs biologiques tels que la phénologie des plantes (en saison sèche : Triumfetta rhomboidea Jacq. [floraison], Spathodea campanulata P.Beauv. [floraison], Vitellaria paradoxa C.F.Gaertn. [fructification] et en saison pluvieuse : Millettia thonningii (Schum. & Thonn.) Baker [floraison], V. paradoxa [floraison], Delonix regia (Hook.) Raf. [floraison], Ceiba pentandra (L.) Gaertn. [éclatement du fruit]). Au total, 67 espèces végétales ont été recensées comme indicateurs des variations des saisons agricoles. Outre les espèces végétales, la migration saisonnière des oiseaux (73 %), l’apparition des insectes (48 %), mais aussi des indicateurs abiotiques comme le sens du vent (100 %), les observations des étoiles (82 %) et le déplacement des nuages (69 %) sont utilisés comme repères dans la gestion des périodes agricoles. Conclusions. La connaissance de ces signaux permet aux paysans d’anticiper sur d’éventuelles variabilités climatiques et suivre, diriger et adapter leurs activités culturales. Ces savoirs locaux constituent dès lors une aubaine pour l’adaptation aux changements climatiques.","PeriodicalId":87455,"journal":{"name":"Skull base surgery","volume":"2017 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"86740170","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-01-01DOI: 10.25518/1780-4507.18707
Jean-Louis Doucet
L’intelligence des arbres est un sujet qui passionne les populations urbaines. Elle fait l’objet d’un débat animé entre les différents acteurs du secteur forestier. La présente note vise à objectiver ce débat en synthétisant les connaissances récentes sur le sujet. Elle montre que les arbres peuvent communiquer entre eux, soit via des molécules volatiles, soit via des échanges souterrains, notamment grâce à un réseau mycorhizien. Les arbres peuvent aussi percevoir la lumière et les sons. Ils peuvent donc s’adapter à un environnement changeant, ce qui traduit une certaine forme d’intelligence. Néanmoins, renoncer à l’exploitation du bois sur cette base ne peut être justifié. Cela se traduirait par des impacts environnementaux dont la portée est occultée par les détracteurs de l’exploitation forestière.
{"title":"Palabres autour des arbres : des discours sur leur intelligence aux dérives de l’anthropomorphisme","authors":"Jean-Louis Doucet","doi":"10.25518/1780-4507.18707","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.25518/1780-4507.18707","url":null,"abstract":"L’intelligence des arbres est un sujet qui passionne les populations urbaines. Elle fait l’objet d’un débat animé entre les différents acteurs du secteur forestier. La présente note vise à objectiver ce débat en synthétisant les connaissances récentes sur le sujet. Elle montre que les arbres peuvent communiquer entre eux, soit via des molécules volatiles, soit via des échanges souterrains, notamment grâce à un réseau mycorhizien. Les arbres peuvent aussi percevoir la lumière et les sons. Ils peuvent donc s’adapter à un environnement changeant, ce qui traduit une certaine forme d’intelligence. Néanmoins, renoncer à l’exploitation du bois sur cette base ne peut être justifié. Cela se traduirait par des impacts environnementaux dont la portée est occultée par les détracteurs de l’exploitation forestière.","PeriodicalId":87455,"journal":{"name":"Skull base surgery","volume":"57 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"78115954","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-01-01DOI: 10.25518/1780-4507.18668
Isadora Martínez-Arellano, P. Severiano-Pérez, F. Fernández, H. Escalona-Buendía, E. Ponce-Alquicira
Description of the subject. Commercialization requires the storage of meat for a period of time according to the distribution and supply chain, usually under refrigeration and vacuum packaging. During this stage, many biochemical reactions can modify the sensory and physicochemical properties of meat. Proteolysis is one of the most important of these reactions as proteins are the building blocks of muscle, and their degradation affects tenderness. Objectives. The objectives of this study were to use multiple factorial analyses to correlate the physicochemical, sensory, and proteolytic changes in ovine meat during refrigeration. Method. Each loin was separated and randomly assigned to day 3, 5, or 14. Sensory panel evaluated the meat for appearance, odor and texture parameters. Warner-Bratzler shear force and texture profile analysis were evaluated. Similarly, protease activity was evaluated. Samples for 2D-electrophoresis and western blotting were collected at days 3, 5, and 14 post mortem. The results were analyzed by multiple factorial analyses. Results. The relative protein levels of desmin, vinculin, and myosin were found to decrease with time. Multiple factor analysis showed that the Warner-Bratzler shear force (WBSF) was highly correlated with the relative desmin concentration, the relative vinculin concentration, and acidic protease activity. The activities of acidic and neutral proteases were positively correlated with myosin level on day 3, but were negatively correlated with manual tenderness and myosin level on days 5 and 14. Conclusions. Therefore, desmin, myosin and vinculin, which correlate with sensory and physicochemical parameters during refrigerated storage, may prove useful as markers for tenderness.
{"title":"Relationship between protein markers and the sensory/physicochemical parameters of ovine meat during refrigerated storage","authors":"Isadora Martínez-Arellano, P. Severiano-Pérez, F. Fernández, H. Escalona-Buendía, E. Ponce-Alquicira","doi":"10.25518/1780-4507.18668","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.25518/1780-4507.18668","url":null,"abstract":"Description of the subject. Commercialization requires the storage of meat for a period of time according to the distribution and supply chain, usually under refrigeration and vacuum packaging. During this stage, many biochemical reactions can modify the sensory and physicochemical properties of meat. Proteolysis is one of the most important of these reactions as proteins are the building blocks of muscle, and their degradation affects tenderness. Objectives. The objectives of this study were to use multiple factorial analyses to correlate the physicochemical, sensory, and proteolytic changes in ovine meat during refrigeration. Method. Each loin was separated and randomly assigned to day 3, 5, or 14. Sensory panel evaluated the meat for appearance, odor and texture parameters. Warner-Bratzler shear force and texture profile analysis were evaluated. Similarly, protease activity was evaluated. Samples for 2D-electrophoresis and western blotting were collected at days 3, 5, and 14 post mortem. The results were analyzed by multiple factorial analyses. Results. The relative protein levels of desmin, vinculin, and myosin were found to decrease with time. Multiple factor analysis showed that the Warner-Bratzler shear force (WBSF) was highly correlated with the relative desmin concentration, the relative vinculin concentration, and acidic protease activity. The activities of acidic and neutral proteases were positively correlated with myosin level on day 3, but were negatively correlated with manual tenderness and myosin level on days 5 and 14. Conclusions. Therefore, desmin, myosin and vinculin, which correlate with sensory and physicochemical parameters during refrigerated storage, may prove useful as markers for tenderness.","PeriodicalId":87455,"journal":{"name":"Skull base surgery","volume":"28 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"82050734","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-01-01DOI: 10.25518/1780-4507.18577
M. Arshad, Sajjad Ahmad, G. A. Shah, R. Nawaz, Shaukat Ali
Description of the subject. Mungbean (Vigna radiata [L]. R.Wilczek) is an important summer leguminous crop. It is widely grown in South Asia to fulfill the human nutritious demand of protein, minerals, vitamins and bioactive constituents. It is well suited to be intercropped with cereals in N limited soil to enhance crop productivity through biological nitrogen fixation. Objectives. This paper assesses the impacts of altitude, nitrogen dose, planting pattern and time of sowing on growth and yield parameters of mungbean intercropped with maize in comparison to their sole counterpart. Method. Three-year experiments (2015, 2016 & 2017) were conducted to assess growth and yield performance of mungbean and maize under different environmental conditions and management practices including altitude (1,500; 1,800 and 2,200 m), nitrogen dose (28, 56, 113 kg·ha-1), planting pattern (alternate single row and alternate double row), cropping systems (sole and intercropping), and sowing time of intercropping with maize (simultaneous and staggered). Sole plots of maize and mungbean were also established separately. A Randomized Complete Block Design was used with three replicates. Growth and yield components of mungbean i.e., plant height, leaf area per plant, thousands grain weight, grain yield, biological yield and harvest index were measured. Maize plants were sampled at maturity for computing its grain yield. Results. Orthogonal contrast analysis showed a significant variation in plant height due to year and altitude, leaf area per plant due to intercropping, year and altitude, thousands grain weight due to intercropping, planting pattern and time of intercropping with maize, grain yield due to intercropping, year, altitude and planting pattern, biological yield due to year, altitude and planting pattern, and harvest index due to year and altitude. Moreover, intercropping and management practices influenced maize grain yield. Conclusions. Intercropping reduced the growth and yield performance of mungbean compared to monocropping that is attributed to the competition of resources between two crops. However, this interspecific competition has been mollified at lower altitudes when staggered sowing of mungbean intercropped with maize through alternative double row pattern was done. Consequently, in these conditions mungbean growth and yield was improved.
{"title":"Growth and yield performance of Vigna radiata (L.) R.Wilczek influenced by altitude, nitrogen dose, planting pattern and time of sowing under sole and intercropping with maize","authors":"M. Arshad, Sajjad Ahmad, G. A. Shah, R. Nawaz, Shaukat Ali","doi":"10.25518/1780-4507.18577","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.25518/1780-4507.18577","url":null,"abstract":"Description of the subject. Mungbean (Vigna radiata [L]. R.Wilczek) is an important summer leguminous crop. It is widely grown in South Asia to fulfill the human nutritious demand of protein, minerals, vitamins and bioactive constituents. It is well suited to be intercropped with cereals in N limited soil to enhance crop productivity through biological nitrogen fixation. Objectives. This paper assesses the impacts of altitude, nitrogen dose, planting pattern and time of sowing on growth and yield parameters of mungbean intercropped with maize in comparison to their sole counterpart. Method. Three-year experiments (2015, 2016 & 2017) were conducted to assess growth and yield performance of mungbean and maize under different environmental conditions and management practices including altitude (1,500; 1,800 and 2,200 m), nitrogen dose (28, 56, 113 kg·ha-1), planting pattern (alternate single row and alternate double row), cropping systems (sole and intercropping), and sowing time of intercropping with maize (simultaneous and staggered). Sole plots of maize and mungbean were also established separately. A Randomized Complete Block Design was used with three replicates. Growth and yield components of mungbean i.e., plant height, leaf area per plant, thousands grain weight, grain yield, biological yield and harvest index were measured. Maize plants were sampled at maturity for computing its grain yield. Results. Orthogonal contrast analysis showed a significant variation in plant height due to year and altitude, leaf area per plant due to intercropping, year and altitude, thousands grain weight due to intercropping, planting pattern and time of intercropping with maize, grain yield due to intercropping, year, altitude and planting pattern, biological yield due to year, altitude and planting pattern, and harvest index due to year and altitude. Moreover, intercropping and management practices influenced maize grain yield. Conclusions. Intercropping reduced the growth and yield performance of mungbean compared to monocropping that is attributed to the competition of resources between two crops. However, this interspecific competition has been mollified at lower altitudes when staggered sowing of mungbean intercropped with maize through alternative double row pattern was done. Consequently, in these conditions mungbean growth and yield was improved.","PeriodicalId":87455,"journal":{"name":"Skull base surgery","volume":"26 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"76821320","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-01-01DOI: 10.25518/1780-4507.18591
Amaury Gérard, S. El-Hajjaji, E. Coillie, A. Bentaib, G. Daube, M. Sindic
Description of the subject. Cheese is a vector of Listeria monocytogenes. By default, European Commission imposes its absence in cheese before sales, but fixes pH and water activity thresholds below which it cannot grow. Objectives. To study pH and water activity of Belgian cheeses and the prevalence of L. monocytogenes in these products. Method. Salt content, pH and water activity of 134 cheeses were determined. Absence of L. monocytogenes in 25 g of cheese was also checked. Results. Three samples had pH or water activity under threshold values from regulation. Nevertheless, all unripened cheeses were acid in comparison with data from foreign countries. Listeria monocytogenes was isolated from 1.49% of the samples. Conclusions. Belgian artisanal cheeses could allow the growth of L. monocytogenes, and the bacterium was isolated from two samples. Further experiments should be performed to understand the fate of the pathogen in these products.
{"title":"Survey on the prevalence of Listeria monocytogenes in Belgian artisanal cheeses","authors":"Amaury Gérard, S. El-Hajjaji, E. Coillie, A. Bentaib, G. Daube, M. Sindic","doi":"10.25518/1780-4507.18591","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.25518/1780-4507.18591","url":null,"abstract":"Description of the subject. Cheese is a vector of Listeria monocytogenes. By default, European Commission imposes its absence in cheese before sales, but fixes pH and water activity thresholds below which it cannot grow. Objectives. To study pH and water activity of Belgian cheeses and the prevalence of L. monocytogenes in these products. Method. Salt content, pH and water activity of 134 cheeses were determined. Absence of L. monocytogenes in 25 g of cheese was also checked. Results. Three samples had pH or water activity under threshold values from regulation. Nevertheless, all unripened cheeses were acid in comparison with data from foreign countries. Listeria monocytogenes was isolated from 1.49% of the samples. Conclusions. Belgian artisanal cheeses could allow the growth of L. monocytogenes, and the bacterium was isolated from two samples. Further experiments should be performed to understand the fate of the pathogen in these products.","PeriodicalId":87455,"journal":{"name":"Skull base surgery","volume":"34 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"74482584","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-01-01DOI: 10.25518/1780-4507.18464
C. Kouakou, A. N. Adopo, A. Djaha, D. N’da, H. A. N’da, I. Z. Bi, K. K. Koffi, H. Djidji, M. Y. Minhibo, M. Dosso, A. N’guessan
Description of the subject. Cashew was introduced to Côte d'Ivoire in 1951 to control erosion and reforest cutover lands. From 1972 to 1980, natural forest plantations were converted to fruit orchards and were supplemented by the ‘Jumbo’ cashew variety imported from Brazil. Germplasm expeditions conducted in 2010 and 2014–2015 identified 209 high-yielding cultivars in the major cashew growing areas of Côte d’Ivoire. Although the morphological characteristics of these cultivars have been assessed, little is known about the genetic diversity and genetic structure of the germplasm collection. Objectives. The objective of the study was to evaluate the genetic diversity of high-yielding cashew cultivars for better use in breeding programs. Method. We performed DNA isolation using Qiagen DNeasy Plant Mini Kits and PCR analysis with 18 SSR markers. Results. We identified the first two introduced populations of cashew in Côte d’Ivoire. The average allelic richness is 3.56 (± 1.45) alleles per locus, the fixation index (FIS) indicates an overall heterozygosity deficit of 0.332 (± 0.076), and the average population differentiation (FST) is 0.014 (± 0.004). Much of the total genetic variability occurs at the intra-population level (98.6%), compared to only 1.4% variability attributable to differences between populations. Average value of gene flow is 22.528. Conclusions. Gene flow within cashew populations maintains high intra-population genetic diversity. This flow rate reflects a long-term exploitable genetic variability for use in selection and conservation.
{"title":"Genetic characterization of promising high-yielding cashew (Anacardium occidentale L.) cultivars from Côte d'Ivoire","authors":"C. Kouakou, A. N. Adopo, A. Djaha, D. N’da, H. A. N’da, I. Z. Bi, K. K. Koffi, H. Djidji, M. Y. Minhibo, M. Dosso, A. N’guessan","doi":"10.25518/1780-4507.18464","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.25518/1780-4507.18464","url":null,"abstract":"Description of the subject. Cashew was introduced to Côte d'Ivoire in 1951 to control erosion and reforest cutover lands. From 1972 to 1980, natural forest plantations were converted to fruit orchards and were supplemented by the ‘Jumbo’ cashew variety imported from Brazil. Germplasm expeditions conducted in 2010 and 2014–2015 identified 209 high-yielding cultivars in the major cashew growing areas of Côte d’Ivoire. Although the morphological characteristics of these cultivars have been assessed, little is known about the genetic diversity and genetic structure of the germplasm collection. Objectives. The objective of the study was to evaluate the genetic diversity of high-yielding cashew cultivars for better use in breeding programs. Method. We performed DNA isolation using Qiagen DNeasy Plant Mini Kits and PCR analysis with 18 SSR markers. Results. We identified the first two introduced populations of cashew in Côte d’Ivoire. The average allelic richness is 3.56 (± 1.45) alleles per locus, the fixation index (FIS) indicates an overall heterozygosity deficit of 0.332 (± 0.076), and the average population differentiation (FST) is 0.014 (± 0.004). Much of the total genetic variability occurs at the intra-population level (98.6%), compared to only 1.4% variability attributable to differences between populations. Average value of gene flow is 22.528. Conclusions. Gene flow within cashew populations maintains high intra-population genetic diversity. This flow rate reflects a long-term exploitable genetic variability for use in selection and conservation.","PeriodicalId":87455,"journal":{"name":"Skull base surgery","volume":"16 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"81794033","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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