Pub Date : 2022-01-01DOI: 10.25518/1780-4507.19802
Benoît Stalport, P. Raulier, M. Jijakli, F. Lebeau
Introduction. Aquaponics is quickly expanding. Specific models and modeling tools have been developed within different studies. However, no study has yet attempted nor succeeded in bringing the aquaponic community around a common modeling project to centralize knowledge and develop an effective tool for users and professional growers. Literature. This paper reviews the relevant literature to provide an overview of the available simulation models and associated modeling tools. Furthermore, it identifies the current needs to lead further modeling developments. Conclusions. Several powerful models and modeling tools have been developed but are highly specific to their research scope and are often inaccessible. The modeling knowledge specific to aquaponics is at an advanced stage but is scattered among many different works. Therefore, it is evident that a shared and accessible modeling tool, which is currently missing, would greatly accelerate the development of aquaponics.
{"title":"Modeling aquaponics: a review on available models and simulation tools","authors":"Benoît Stalport, P. Raulier, M. Jijakli, F. Lebeau","doi":"10.25518/1780-4507.19802","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.25518/1780-4507.19802","url":null,"abstract":"Introduction. Aquaponics is quickly expanding. Specific models and modeling tools have been developed within different studies. However, no study has yet attempted nor succeeded in bringing the aquaponic community around a common modeling project to centralize knowledge and develop an effective tool for users and professional growers. Literature. This paper reviews the relevant literature to provide an overview of the available simulation models and associated modeling tools. Furthermore, it identifies the current needs to lead further modeling developments. Conclusions. Several powerful models and modeling tools have been developed but are highly specific to their research scope and are often inaccessible. The modeling knowledge specific to aquaponics is at an advanced stage but is scattered among many different works. Therefore, it is evident that a shared and accessible modeling tool, which is currently missing, would greatly accelerate the development of aquaponics.","PeriodicalId":87455,"journal":{"name":"Skull base surgery","volume":"38 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"81381762","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-01-01DOI: 10.25518/1780-4507.19928
C. Battheu-Noirfalise, E. Froidmont, Michaël Mathot, D. Stilmant
Description of the subject. Many decision support tools (DSTs) have been developed to help dairy farmers optimally manage the high variability in the quality and availability of grass-based fodder, but their adoption rate remains low. Objectives. The objective was to characterize and understand the adoption rate of DSTs related to using grass-based fodder. Methodology. A sample of 61 Walloon (Belgium) dairy farmers responded to an online survey concerning their current use of 23 DSTs related to using grass-based fodder either directly (pasture or grassland) or indirectly (feeding or techno-economic), as well as barriers to and incentives for adopting them, their current interest in DSTs, and satisfaction with the guidance on using these DSTs. Results. Pasture management DSTs were used the least, even though farmers were the most interested in them. Farmers used simple indicators rather than software or automated tools. Farmers indicated that DSTs were too expensive and time consuming, even if they could ultimately save them time and money. Continuing education is lacking. Four types of users were identified who influence the use of DSTs: high user no grazing (H-NG), high user traditional or technical grazing (H-T/TG), low user traditional grazing (L-TG), and moderate user organic (M-ORG). Conclusions. Communicating with end-users during each step of DST development would help (1) identify the specific needs of a diverse set of dairy farmers and (2) develop DSTs that better correspond to their practices. More long-term guidance is required to inform farmers about existing DSTs and to transfer the knowledge required to use them.
{"title":"Decision support tools for grass-based fodder management on Walloon dairy farms: current adoption and perspectives","authors":"C. Battheu-Noirfalise, E. Froidmont, Michaël Mathot, D. Stilmant","doi":"10.25518/1780-4507.19928","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.25518/1780-4507.19928","url":null,"abstract":"Description of the subject. Many decision support tools (DSTs) have been developed to help dairy farmers optimally manage the high variability in the quality and availability of grass-based fodder, but their adoption rate remains low. Objectives. The objective was to characterize and understand the adoption rate of DSTs related to using grass-based fodder. Methodology. A sample of 61 Walloon (Belgium) dairy farmers responded to an online survey concerning their current use of 23 DSTs related to using grass-based fodder either directly (pasture or grassland) or indirectly (feeding or techno-economic), as well as barriers to and incentives for adopting them, their current interest in DSTs, and satisfaction with the guidance on using these DSTs. Results. Pasture management DSTs were used the least, even though farmers were the most interested in them. Farmers used simple indicators rather than software or automated tools. Farmers indicated that DSTs were too expensive and time consuming, even if they could ultimately save them time and money. Continuing education is lacking. Four types of users were identified who influence the use of DSTs: high user no grazing (H-NG), high user traditional or technical grazing (H-T/TG), low user traditional grazing (L-TG), and moderate user organic (M-ORG). Conclusions. Communicating with end-users during each step of DST development would help (1) identify the specific needs of a diverse set of dairy farmers and (2) develop DSTs that better correspond to their practices. More long-term guidance is required to inform farmers about existing DSTs and to transfer the knowledge required to use them.","PeriodicalId":87455,"journal":{"name":"Skull base surgery","volume":"4 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"79973583","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-01-01DOI: 10.25518/1780-4507.19674
Kouakou Gains Kpan Kpan, Bi Bouet Diane Hyacinthe Youan, Urbain Paul Gnonsoro, Dembélé Ardjouma
Description du sujet. Le poisson fermenté « adjuevan » est utilisé comme exhausteur de gout en Afrique de l’Ouest grâce à sa flaveur, mais l’environnement insalubre dans lequel cette denrée est produite porte à croire qu’elle pourrait renfermer des mycotoxines. Objectifs. Évaluer le niveau de contamination du poisson fermenté par les aflatoxines et l’ochratoxine A (OTA) et le risque encouru par les consommateurs. Méthode. L’ochratoxine A et les aflatoxines ont été quantifiées par chromatographie en phase liquide à haute performance (CLHP) dans les échantillons de poisson fermenté. Les marges d’exposition ont été déterminées pour l’OTA et les aflatoxines. Résultats. La teneur en aflatoxine totale était comprise entre 1x10-3 µg·kg-1 et 42,86 µg·kg-1, tandis que celle de l’OTA a oscillé entre 0,09 µg·kg-1 et 0,15 µg·kg-1. Par ailleurs, les marges d’exposition relatives à l’OTA ont oscillé entre144 227 et 1 484 892 pour les effets non néoplasiques et entre 442 134 et 4 551 995 pour les effets néoplasiques. Les marges d’exposition relatives à l’aflatoxine G1 étaient situées entre 158 559 et 1 381 295. Conclusions. La consommation de l’adjuevan seul n’est pas suffisante pour que les effets nocifs des aflatoxines et de l’ochratoxine A se manifestent chez les consommateurs car toutes les marges d’exposition ont été largement supérieures à 10 000.
{"title":"Présence des aflatoxines et de l’ochratoxine A dans les denrées alimentaires : évaluation du risque encouru par des consommateurs de poisson fermenté (adjuevan) commercialisé à Abidjan (Côte d’Ivoire)","authors":"Kouakou Gains Kpan Kpan, Bi Bouet Diane Hyacinthe Youan, Urbain Paul Gnonsoro, Dembélé Ardjouma","doi":"10.25518/1780-4507.19674","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.25518/1780-4507.19674","url":null,"abstract":"Description du sujet. Le poisson fermenté « adjuevan » est utilisé comme exhausteur de gout en Afrique de l’Ouest grâce à sa flaveur, mais l’environnement insalubre dans lequel cette denrée est produite porte à croire qu’elle pourrait renfermer des mycotoxines. Objectifs. Évaluer le niveau de contamination du poisson fermenté par les aflatoxines et l’ochratoxine A (OTA) et le risque encouru par les consommateurs. Méthode. L’ochratoxine A et les aflatoxines ont été quantifiées par chromatographie en phase liquide à haute performance (CLHP) dans les échantillons de poisson fermenté. Les marges d’exposition ont été déterminées pour l’OTA et les aflatoxines. Résultats. La teneur en aflatoxine totale était comprise entre 1x10-3 µg·kg-1 et 42,86 µg·kg-1, tandis que celle de l’OTA a oscillé entre 0,09 µg·kg-1 et 0,15 µg·kg-1. Par ailleurs, les marges d’exposition relatives à l’OTA ont oscillé entre144 227 et 1 484 892 pour les effets non néoplasiques et entre 442 134 et 4 551 995 pour les effets néoplasiques. Les marges d’exposition relatives à l’aflatoxine G1 étaient situées entre 158 559 et 1 381 295. Conclusions. La consommation de l’adjuevan seul n’est pas suffisante pour que les effets nocifs des aflatoxines et de l’ochratoxine A se manifestent chez les consommateurs car toutes les marges d’exposition ont été largement supérieures à 10 000.","PeriodicalId":87455,"journal":{"name":"Skull base surgery","volume":"3 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"81493252","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-01-01DOI: 10.25518/1780-4507.19755
Muhammad Sohaib Amjad, A. Shakoor, R. Bussmann, Humayun Qureshi
Description of the subject. Ethnopharmacology is important because it aids in a proper knowledge of the interrelationships of many aspects, as well as the entire practical and intellectual culture of people with plants. Objectives. The objective of this research is to document and compare traditional knowledge about medicinal plant diversity in Lasdana, District Bagh Azad, Jammu & Kashmir. Method. Informants contributed to ethnopharmacological knowledge through interviews and group discussions, which was examined using multiple quantitative metrics. Results. There were 140 medicinal plant species identified, divided into 123 genera and 54 families. The Asteraceae family was the most common (14 species), and herbs were the most common (72.85% contribution), with leaves being the most commonly used plant element (74 species). The most common way to produce a remedy was to make a decoction (45 plant species). Circulatory diseases had the highest informant consensus factor (ICF) score (0.92). The highest relative frequency of citation was found in Thymus linearis Benth. (0.89), Geranium wallichianum D.Don ex Sweet (0.89), and Berberis lycium Royle (0.88). Conclusions. Pharmacological and pharmaceutical investigations on vital therapeutic plant species should be done to safely apply traditional knowledge to a larger population.
{"title":"Quantitative and comparative analysis of ethnomedicinal plants from the Lasdana (Azad Jammu and Kashmir)","authors":"Muhammad Sohaib Amjad, A. Shakoor, R. Bussmann, Humayun Qureshi","doi":"10.25518/1780-4507.19755","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.25518/1780-4507.19755","url":null,"abstract":"Description of the subject. Ethnopharmacology is important because it aids in a proper knowledge of the interrelationships of many aspects, as well as the entire practical and intellectual culture of people with plants. Objectives. The objective of this research is to document and compare traditional knowledge about medicinal plant diversity in Lasdana, District Bagh Azad, Jammu & Kashmir. Method. Informants contributed to ethnopharmacological knowledge through interviews and group discussions, which was examined using multiple quantitative metrics. Results. There were 140 medicinal plant species identified, divided into 123 genera and 54 families. The Asteraceae family was the most common (14 species), and herbs were the most common (72.85% contribution), with leaves being the most commonly used plant element (74 species). The most common way to produce a remedy was to make a decoction (45 plant species). Circulatory diseases had the highest informant consensus factor (ICF) score (0.92). The highest relative frequency of citation was found in Thymus linearis Benth. (0.89), Geranium wallichianum D.Don ex Sweet (0.89), and Berberis lycium Royle (0.88). Conclusions. Pharmacological and pharmaceutical investigations on vital therapeutic plant species should be done to safely apply traditional knowledge to a larger population.","PeriodicalId":87455,"journal":{"name":"Skull base surgery","volume":"71 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"85646404","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-01-01DOI: 10.25518/1780-4507.19481
P. Autfray, H. Rakotofiringa, Philippe Letourmy, K. Brocke
Description du sujet. Pour la zone écologique du Moyen-Ouest des plateaux d’altitude de Madagascar, six variétés de riz pluvial ont été sélectionnées par un programme de recherche. Objectifs. Il s’agit d’évaluer leur potentiel de diffusion en milieu réel. Méthode. Elles ont été co-évaluées sur un réseau de 20 fermes de référence pendant deux années. Résultats. L’expérimentation multi-locale a montré une gamme variée d’environnements indiquée par le rendement grain moyen en riz entre 1,04 à 4,50 t·ha-1, dans laquelle FOFIFA 182 s’est montrée significativement supérieure (2,90 t·ha-1) et SCRID 195 largement inférieure (1,65 t·ha-1), avec un groupe de quatre variétés non différenciées (autour de 2,40 t·ha-1). L’étude de l’interaction génétique-environnement a permis de différencier une variété produisant moins bien en milieu peu fertile, SCRID 90, et une moins stable, SCRID 91. SCRID 195, la variété la moins performante en termes de rendement, s’est montrée également la plus infectée par Striga asiatica, une plante hémiparasite. L’évaluation réalisée par les agriculteurs au terme de ces deux années complète celle de la recherche concernant le rendement du riz et le Striga, leurs principaux critères de performances des variétés, associés à six autres critères secondaires concernant le battage, la précocité, la résistance à la sècheresse, la qualité de grain, le gout et le poids de grain. Conclusions. Cette co-évaluation recherche-agriculteurs a permis de définir les variétés les plus performantes en termes de rendement et de contrôle du Striga, à savoir NERICA 4 (déjà vulgarisée) et FOFIFA 182 (proposée à la vulgarisation), de préciser l’intérêt de nouvelles variétés pour d’autres critères retenus par les agriculteurs et comme perspectives, la nécessité d’intégrer une approche systèmes de culture et une dimension temporelle, en lien avec la performance du riz pluvial.
{"title":"Évaluation multicritère et participative de variétés de riz pluvial dans une gamme contrastée d’environnements à Madagascar","authors":"P. Autfray, H. Rakotofiringa, Philippe Letourmy, K. Brocke","doi":"10.25518/1780-4507.19481","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.25518/1780-4507.19481","url":null,"abstract":"Description du sujet. Pour la zone écologique du Moyen-Ouest des plateaux d’altitude de Madagascar, six variétés de riz pluvial ont été sélectionnées par un programme de recherche. Objectifs. Il s’agit d’évaluer leur potentiel de diffusion en milieu réel. Méthode. Elles ont été co-évaluées sur un réseau de 20 fermes de référence pendant deux années. Résultats. L’expérimentation multi-locale a montré une gamme variée d’environnements indiquée par le rendement grain moyen en riz entre 1,04 à 4,50 t·ha-1, dans laquelle FOFIFA 182 s’est montrée significativement supérieure (2,90 t·ha-1) et SCRID 195 largement inférieure (1,65 t·ha-1), avec un groupe de quatre variétés non différenciées (autour de 2,40 t·ha-1). L’étude de l’interaction génétique-environnement a permis de différencier une variété produisant moins bien en milieu peu fertile, SCRID 90, et une moins stable, SCRID 91. SCRID 195, la variété la moins performante en termes de rendement, s’est montrée également la plus infectée par Striga asiatica, une plante hémiparasite. L’évaluation réalisée par les agriculteurs au terme de ces deux années complète celle de la recherche concernant le rendement du riz et le Striga, leurs principaux critères de performances des variétés, associés à six autres critères secondaires concernant le battage, la précocité, la résistance à la sècheresse, la qualité de grain, le gout et le poids de grain. Conclusions. Cette co-évaluation recherche-agriculteurs a permis de définir les variétés les plus performantes en termes de rendement et de contrôle du Striga, à savoir NERICA 4 (déjà vulgarisée) et FOFIFA 182 (proposée à la vulgarisation), de préciser l’intérêt de nouvelles variétés pour d’autres critères retenus par les agriculteurs et comme perspectives, la nécessité d’intégrer une approche systèmes de culture et une dimension temporelle, en lien avec la performance du riz pluvial.","PeriodicalId":87455,"journal":{"name":"Skull base surgery","volume":"47 3 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"88064388","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-01-01DOI: 10.25518/1780-4507.19967
S. Vasiljević, Irena Radinovic, Gordana Branković, S. Krstić, S. Prodanović, T. Živanović, S. Katanski
Description of the subject. Red clover is an important forage legume and a rich source of high quality forage for livestock feed. This study assesses a diverse red clover collection for agronomic value, forage quality and antioxidant activity in relation to status (cultivar vs natural population) and ploidy level (diploid or tetraploid) for the purpose of diversity study and for identification of potential heterotic groups and classification of accessions according to the results of analyses. Objectives. The aims of this research were to: i) explore agronomic traits, forage quality, and antioxidant activity in relation to status and ploidy level; ii) assess trait associations and the possibility of indirect selection; iii) cluster red clover accessions with regard to forage quality and antioxidant activity. Method. Red clover was represented by 46 accessions, the cultivars and natural populations of diploid (2n) and tetraploid (4n) ploidy levels from 17 countries, which were collected and preserved in the Institute of Field and Vegetable Crops in Novi Sad, Serbia. The following traits were determined from the two-year field trial at Rimski Šančevi, Serbia: plant height (PH), internodes number (IN), green mass yield (GMY), dry matter yield (DMY), crude protein (CP), acid detergent fiber (ADF), neutral detergent fiber (NDF), digestible dry matter (DDM), dry matter intake (DMI), relative feed value (RFV) and antioxidant activity. All accessions were characterized in the second cut of the second year of life when 20-25% of flowers appeared. Results. The cultivars had higher values for PH, IN, GMY, DMY, DDM, DMI, and RFV. The tetraploid accessions had higher values for IN, GMY, DMY, CP, NDF and DDM. The natural populations and diploid accessions had 39.9% and 21.9% smaller antioxidant capacity, respectively. The antioxidant capacity was positively associated with RFV, DDM, DMI, PH, IN, GMY and DMY, but negatively with ADF and NDF. Conclusions. The grouping of red clover accessions based on forage quality parameters and antioxidant activity was represented by five clusters. High-quality cultivars had a shorter length of internodes and a good leaf to stem ratio with a high leaf proportion.
{"title":"Evaluation of a diverse collection of red clover for forage quality and antioxidant activity","authors":"S. Vasiljević, Irena Radinovic, Gordana Branković, S. Krstić, S. Prodanović, T. Živanović, S. Katanski","doi":"10.25518/1780-4507.19967","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.25518/1780-4507.19967","url":null,"abstract":"Description of the subject. Red clover is an important forage legume and a rich source of high quality forage for livestock feed. This study assesses a diverse red clover collection for agronomic value, forage quality and antioxidant activity in relation to status (cultivar vs natural population) and ploidy level (diploid or tetraploid) for the purpose of diversity study and for identification of potential heterotic groups and classification of accessions according to the results of analyses. Objectives. The aims of this research were to: i) explore agronomic traits, forage quality, and antioxidant activity in relation to status and ploidy level; ii) assess trait associations and the possibility of indirect selection; iii) cluster red clover accessions with regard to forage quality and antioxidant activity. Method. Red clover was represented by 46 accessions, the cultivars and natural populations of diploid (2n) and tetraploid (4n) ploidy levels from 17 countries, which were collected and preserved in the Institute of Field and Vegetable Crops in Novi Sad, Serbia. The following traits were determined from the two-year field trial at Rimski Šančevi, Serbia: plant height (PH), internodes number (IN), green mass yield (GMY), dry matter yield (DMY), crude protein (CP), acid detergent fiber (ADF), neutral detergent fiber (NDF), digestible dry matter (DDM), dry matter intake (DMI), relative feed value (RFV) and antioxidant activity. All accessions were characterized in the second cut of the second year of life when 20-25% of flowers appeared. Results. The cultivars had higher values for PH, IN, GMY, DMY, DDM, DMI, and RFV. The tetraploid accessions had higher values for IN, GMY, DMY, CP, NDF and DDM. The natural populations and diploid accessions had 39.9% and 21.9% smaller antioxidant capacity, respectively. The antioxidant capacity was positively associated with RFV, DDM, DMI, PH, IN, GMY and DMY, but negatively with ADF and NDF. Conclusions. The grouping of red clover accessions based on forage quality parameters and antioxidant activity was represented by five clusters. High-quality cultivars had a shorter length of internodes and a good leaf to stem ratio with a high leaf proportion.","PeriodicalId":87455,"journal":{"name":"Skull base surgery","volume":"44 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"86759397","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-01-01DOI: 10.25518/1780-4507.19918
J. Pierna, P. Vermeulen, Nicolas Chamberland, V. Decruyenaere, E. Froidmont, O. Minet, B. Lecler, V. Baeten
Description of the subject. Feed is the main variable cost in dairy farming. More efficient use of forage resources is one way to reduce production costs. Improving forage resource efficiency can start with a better assessment of the dry matter content and nutritional value of forages. Currently, analytical process time is often long and analyses are not repeatable while the quality of the fodder changes over time. Being able to analyze forages directly on-farm would make it possible to adapt the animal diet according to forage variability, in order to improve the profitability of the farm. Objectives. To propose in situ rapid analysis solutions to better characterize dry matter content and the chemical composition of fodder for assessing its feeding value. Method. The performance of three recently developed spectroscopic handheld devices, namely the Viavi’s MicroNIR 1700, the Ocean Insight’s FlameNIR and the Malvern Panalytical’s ASD FieldSpec 4, are evaluated to predict dry matter content and the chemical composition of fresh and unground grass silage in the framework of precision feeding and compared to the reference benchtop Foss’s XDS instrument. The conventional global PLS and local PLS are used as multivariate calibration methods. Results. The assessed handheld devices allow the dairy farmer to obtain a relatively precise quantitative prediction of the dry matter and crude fiber content (2.5% and 1.8% respectively on average, in terms of ratios between the local PLS error on fresh forage and the reference method error) in order to adapt the livestock diet. Crude protein, even if the prediction accuracy is lower (6.4%), is still well predicted. Higher errors are obtained for ash (9.2%), crude neutral (6.8%) and acid detergent fiber (6.9%). Conclusions. The studied devices should allow the dairy farmer to obtain a relatively precise quantitative prediction of those quality parameters in order to directly adapt the quantity of forage distributed to the animals. Performances could probably be improved by including more samples/spectra into the databases.
{"title":"Performance of three handheld NIR spectrometers for predicting grass silage quality","authors":"J. Pierna, P. Vermeulen, Nicolas Chamberland, V. Decruyenaere, E. Froidmont, O. Minet, B. Lecler, V. Baeten","doi":"10.25518/1780-4507.19918","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.25518/1780-4507.19918","url":null,"abstract":"Description of the subject. Feed is the main variable cost in dairy farming. More efficient use of forage resources is one way to reduce production costs. Improving forage resource efficiency can start with a better assessment of the dry matter content and nutritional value of forages. Currently, analytical process time is often long and analyses are not repeatable while the quality of the fodder changes over time. Being able to analyze forages directly on-farm would make it possible to adapt the animal diet according to forage variability, in order to improve the profitability of the farm. Objectives. To propose in situ rapid analysis solutions to better characterize dry matter content and the chemical composition of fodder for assessing its feeding value. Method. The performance of three recently developed spectroscopic handheld devices, namely the Viavi’s MicroNIR 1700, the Ocean Insight’s FlameNIR and the Malvern Panalytical’s ASD FieldSpec 4, are evaluated to predict dry matter content and the chemical composition of fresh and unground grass silage in the framework of precision feeding and compared to the reference benchtop Foss’s XDS instrument. The conventional global PLS and local PLS are used as multivariate calibration methods. Results. The assessed handheld devices allow the dairy farmer to obtain a relatively precise quantitative prediction of the dry matter and crude fiber content (2.5% and 1.8% respectively on average, in terms of ratios between the local PLS error on fresh forage and the reference method error) in order to adapt the livestock diet. Crude protein, even if the prediction accuracy is lower (6.4%), is still well predicted. Higher errors are obtained for ash (9.2%), crude neutral (6.8%) and acid detergent fiber (6.9%). Conclusions. The studied devices should allow the dairy farmer to obtain a relatively precise quantitative prediction of those quality parameters in order to directly adapt the quantity of forage distributed to the animals. Performances could probably be improved by including more samples/spectra into the databases.","PeriodicalId":87455,"journal":{"name":"Skull base surgery","volume":"30 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"73420539","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-01-01DOI: 10.25518/1780-4507.20086
A. Monty, Zoé Etcheverria, Adrien Delforge
Description of the subject. Common Ragweed (Ambrosia artemisiifolia L.) is a problematic invasive plant which population has recently spread/increased throughout Belgium. Previous studies in European countries have pointed out wild bird and poultry feed trade as a vector of introduction. In 2011, a maximum limit of contamination was imposed by the European commission. Objectives. The goal is to quantify the level of bird seed contamination sold in Southern Belgium. Method. In 2021, we analyzed 42 bags of bird feed, purchased in various retailers in Southern Belgium. We distinguished wild bird seed mixes, poultry seed mixes and sunflower seeds. Results. Regardless of the moisture of the samples (not measured), the results of the samples were not near the legal limit. However, 13 out of 42 samples contained common ragweed seeds and 0.75 ± 0.265 seeds (mean ± standard error) per kilo of bird feed were found on average, of which 82.4% were viable. Conclusions. Although the legal limit seems to be respected, the bird feed trade still represents a substantial introduction pathway for ragweed.
{"title":"Ambrosia artemisiifolia L. seeds in bird feed in southern Belgium, 10 years after the EU regulation","authors":"A. Monty, Zoé Etcheverria, Adrien Delforge","doi":"10.25518/1780-4507.20086","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.25518/1780-4507.20086","url":null,"abstract":"Description of the subject. Common Ragweed (Ambrosia artemisiifolia L.) is a problematic invasive plant which population has recently spread/increased throughout Belgium. Previous studies in European countries have pointed out wild bird and poultry feed trade as a vector of introduction. In 2011, a maximum limit of contamination was imposed by the European commission. Objectives. The goal is to quantify the level of bird seed contamination sold in Southern Belgium. Method. In 2021, we analyzed 42 bags of bird feed, purchased in various retailers in Southern Belgium. We distinguished wild bird seed mixes, poultry seed mixes and sunflower seeds. Results. Regardless of the moisture of the samples (not measured), the results of the samples were not near the legal limit. However, 13 out of 42 samples contained common ragweed seeds and 0.75 ± 0.265 seeds (mean ± standard error) per kilo of bird feed were found on average, of which 82.4% were viable. Conclusions. Although the legal limit seems to be respected, the bird feed trade still represents a substantial introduction pathway for ragweed.","PeriodicalId":87455,"journal":{"name":"Skull base surgery","volume":"13 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"84414250","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-01-01DOI: 10.25518/1780-4507.19951
A. Mziouid, B. Chebli, M. Berrabah, S. Bounimi, N. Heimeur, Hicham Chebli, R. Salghi, J. Furze, G. Baddi, E. Mayad
Description of the subject. Raspberries and strawberries are highly perishable due to postharvest fungal development. Numerous studies have shown that essential oils can be promising biopesticides for maintaining the quality of fresh fruit during postharvest storage. Objectives. This work aimed to evaluate the potential of Ismelia carinata and Cladanthus arabicus (Asteraceae) essential oils (EOs) to extend the shelf life of raspberries and strawberries. Method. The chemical composition of EOs from I. carinata and C. arabicus was analyzed using GC/MS. In vitro antifungal effects of EOs using agar dilution and disk diffusion methods were tested against Botrytis cinerea. The I. carinata and C. arabicus EOs were used as bioactive agents to preserve the quality of berries during 15 days in cold storage. Also, pH, titratable acidity, total soluble solids, and maturity index of berries treated with 400 mg·l-1 of I. carinata EO are analyzed. Results. The GC/MS analysis revealed that the major compounds were tau-cadinol (65.93%) and tau-muurolol (24.65%) for I. carinata, β-pinene (23.58%), and tau-cadinol (9.54%) for C. arabicus. Both EOs tested showed best inhibition percentages against B.cinerea using the agar dilution method. Ismelia carinata EO was an efficient preservative agent for raspberries and strawberries during storage at 4 °C. The maturity index of both berries was significant compared to untreated controls (p ≤ 0.05). Conclusions. Ismelia carinata EO holds promise for extending fruit quality in cold storage, with subsequent benefit to fruit marketing supply chains.
{"title":"Quality enhancement of fruits conserved with essential oils prolonging storage","authors":"A. Mziouid, B. Chebli, M. Berrabah, S. Bounimi, N. Heimeur, Hicham Chebli, R. Salghi, J. Furze, G. Baddi, E. Mayad","doi":"10.25518/1780-4507.19951","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.25518/1780-4507.19951","url":null,"abstract":"Description of the subject. Raspberries and strawberries are highly perishable due to postharvest fungal development. Numerous studies have shown that essential oils can be promising biopesticides for maintaining the quality of fresh fruit during postharvest storage. Objectives. This work aimed to evaluate the potential of Ismelia carinata and Cladanthus arabicus (Asteraceae) essential oils (EOs) to extend the shelf life of raspberries and strawberries. Method. The chemical composition of EOs from I. carinata and C. arabicus was analyzed using GC/MS. In vitro antifungal effects of EOs using agar dilution and disk diffusion methods were tested against Botrytis cinerea. The I. carinata and C. arabicus EOs were used as bioactive agents to preserve the quality of berries during 15 days in cold storage. Also, pH, titratable acidity, total soluble solids, and maturity index of berries treated with 400 mg·l-1 of I. carinata EO are analyzed. Results. The GC/MS analysis revealed that the major compounds were tau-cadinol (65.93%) and tau-muurolol (24.65%) for I. carinata, β-pinene (23.58%), and tau-cadinol (9.54%) for C. arabicus. Both EOs tested showed best inhibition percentages against B.cinerea using the agar dilution method. Ismelia carinata EO was an efficient preservative agent for raspberries and strawberries during storage at 4 °C. The maturity index of both berries was significant compared to untreated controls (p ≤ 0.05). Conclusions. Ismelia carinata EO holds promise for extending fruit quality in cold storage, with subsequent benefit to fruit marketing supply chains.","PeriodicalId":87455,"journal":{"name":"Skull base surgery","volume":"107 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"81469703","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-01-01DOI: 10.25518/1780-4507.20006
Gaël Pétremand, Meguizani Ali, Dovan Attias, Davide Badano, Marie Bessat, Victoria Cabezas, Abby-Gaëlle De Carvalho, N. Delabays, Jean-David Faye, Tabata Ferrillo, D. Fleury, Enzo Gonzato, V. Monod, Karel Nicolas, Julie Seemann-Ricard, E. Castella
Description du sujet. Dans le contexte actuel de réduction des risques liés à l’utilisation de produits phytosanitaires et de promotion de la biodiversité dans les milieux agricoles, il apparaît primordial d'améliorer nos connaissances sur les insectes auxiliaires qui fréquentent et se développent dans ces écosystèmes. Objectifs. Cet article vise à dresser un état des connaissances sur les auxiliaires et à mettre en lumière les principaux apports faunistiques, écologiques et fonctionnels tirés de récentes études réalisées en contexte agricole à Genève. Méthode. Les données ont été acquises de 2014 à 2019 sur plusieurs familles d'auxiliaires prédateurs et pollinisateurs dans des contextes agricoles variés (prairies extensives, vignes, vergers, cultures de colza, maraîchage) à l’aide de pièges Barber, Malaise et à émergence. Résultats. Ces travaux ont permis de récolter 48 921 données et d'inventorier 477 espèces appartenant aux grandes familles d’auxiliaires ; parmi elles, quatre espèces sont observées pour la première fois en Suisse et une cinquantaine dans le canton de Genève. Au total, 357 (± 75 %) des espèces inventoriées possèdent un stade prédateur et 103 (± 22 %) sont considérées comme de bons auxiliaires des cultures. L'utilisation de pièges à émergence a permis d'attester qu'un tiers au moins des espèces inventoriées, dont certaines rares ou menacées, peuvent compléter leur cycle de vie dans les milieux agricoles ou les utiliser comme site d'hivernation. Conclusions. Cette synthèse contribue à améliorer notre compréhension de la composition de la biodiversité des milieux agricoles qui constitue une composante non négligeable de la biodiversité en Suisse et dans les pays voisins. Elle met également en lumière le rôle des habitats semi-naturels, tels que les prairies extensives ou les interlignes des vignes, comme support pour le développement de nombreuses espèces rares et parfois menacées.
{"title":"Les insectes auxiliaires dans les paysages agricoles : apports faunistiques, écologiques et fonctionnels de récentes études dans le canton de Genève (Suisse)","authors":"Gaël Pétremand, Meguizani Ali, Dovan Attias, Davide Badano, Marie Bessat, Victoria Cabezas, Abby-Gaëlle De Carvalho, N. Delabays, Jean-David Faye, Tabata Ferrillo, D. Fleury, Enzo Gonzato, V. Monod, Karel Nicolas, Julie Seemann-Ricard, E. Castella","doi":"10.25518/1780-4507.20006","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.25518/1780-4507.20006","url":null,"abstract":"Description du sujet. Dans le contexte actuel de réduction des risques liés à l’utilisation de produits phytosanitaires et de promotion de la biodiversité dans les milieux agricoles, il apparaît primordial d'améliorer nos connaissances sur les insectes auxiliaires qui fréquentent et se développent dans ces écosystèmes. Objectifs. Cet article vise à dresser un état des connaissances sur les auxiliaires et à mettre en lumière les principaux apports faunistiques, écologiques et fonctionnels tirés de récentes études réalisées en contexte agricole à Genève. Méthode. Les données ont été acquises de 2014 à 2019 sur plusieurs familles d'auxiliaires prédateurs et pollinisateurs dans des contextes agricoles variés (prairies extensives, vignes, vergers, cultures de colza, maraîchage) à l’aide de pièges Barber, Malaise et à émergence. Résultats. Ces travaux ont permis de récolter 48 921 données et d'inventorier 477 espèces appartenant aux grandes familles d’auxiliaires ; parmi elles, quatre espèces sont observées pour la première fois en Suisse et une cinquantaine dans le canton de Genève. Au total, 357 (± 75 %) des espèces inventoriées possèdent un stade prédateur et 103 (± 22 %) sont considérées comme de bons auxiliaires des cultures. L'utilisation de pièges à émergence a permis d'attester qu'un tiers au moins des espèces inventoriées, dont certaines rares ou menacées, peuvent compléter leur cycle de vie dans les milieux agricoles ou les utiliser comme site d'hivernation. Conclusions. Cette synthèse contribue à améliorer notre compréhension de la composition de la biodiversité des milieux agricoles qui constitue une composante non négligeable de la biodiversité en Suisse et dans les pays voisins. Elle met également en lumière le rôle des habitats semi-naturels, tels que les prairies extensives ou les interlignes des vignes, comme support pour le développement de nombreuses espèces rares et parfois menacées.","PeriodicalId":87455,"journal":{"name":"Skull base surgery","volume":"325 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"75466939","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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