A. Küntzel, P. Oertel, P. Trefz, W. Miekisch, J. Schubert, H. Köhler, P. Reinhold
In human and veterinary medicine, the search for exhaled volatiles as potential markers for disease detection has gained increasing attention because exhaled breath analysis bears the advantages of being continuous, non-invasive and reveals instantly available results. The aim of this study was to introduce a technical set-up for breath analysis in bovines. The technical set-up allows (i) CO2-controlled sampling and preconcentration of alveolar gas and (ii) direct breath gas analysis via proton transfer reaction time-of-flight mass spectrometry (PTR-ToF-MS) in parallel. While alveolar gas sampling enables the analysis by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry for unequivocal substance identification, PTR-ToF-MS ensures real-time identification of confounding signals within one measurement. Applicability of the system to conscious cattle and reliability of the signals obtained under field conditions were tested at eight dairy farms. This first testing phase in veterinary practice confirmed that the set-up was well tolerated by each of the cows and that reliable measured values (i.e., raw data) were gained at different respiratory rates. Inspiration could be clearly distinguished from expiration, thus providing the basis for excluding ambient air contamination. Consecutive measurements under standardised conditions in two bovines aged 5–6 months revealed effects of time of day, food intake and handling that need to be evaluated in-depth in future studies with larger groups of animals. As result of these proof-of-concept trials, the introduced technical set-up can be recommended for future studies evaluating exhaled markers in cattle. Breath gas analysis offers a new research area in veterinary medicine and is one step forward towards refining large animal studies, even under field conditions.
{"title":"Animal science meets agricultural practice: Preliminary results of an innovative technical approach for exhaled breath analysis in cattle under field conditions","authors":"A. Küntzel, P. Oertel, P. Trefz, W. Miekisch, J. Schubert, H. Köhler, P. Reinhold","doi":"10.2376/0005-9366-17101","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2376/0005-9366-17101","url":null,"abstract":"In human and veterinary medicine, the search for exhaled volatiles as potential markers for disease detection has gained increasing attention because exhaled breath analysis bears the advantages of being continuous, non-invasive and reveals instantly available results. The aim of this study was to introduce a technical set-up for breath analysis in bovines. The technical set-up allows (i) CO2-controlled sampling and preconcentration of alveolar gas and (ii) direct breath gas analysis via proton transfer reaction time-of-flight mass spectrometry (PTR-ToF-MS) in parallel. While alveolar gas sampling enables the analysis by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry for unequivocal substance identification, PTR-ToF-MS ensures real-time identification of confounding signals within one measurement. Applicability of the system to conscious cattle and reliability of the signals obtained under field conditions were tested at eight dairy farms. This first testing phase in veterinary practice confirmed that the set-up was well tolerated by each of the cows and that reliable measured values (i.e., raw data) were gained at different respiratory rates. Inspiration could be clearly distinguished from expiration, thus providing the basis for excluding ambient air contamination. Consecutive measurements under standardised conditions in two bovines aged 5–6 months revealed effects of time of day, food intake and handling that need to be evaluated in-depth in future studies with larger groups of animals. As result of these proof-of-concept trials, the introduced technical set-up can be recommended for future studies evaluating exhaled markers in cattle. Breath gas analysis offers a new research area in veterinary medicine and is one step forward towards refining large animal studies, even under field conditions.","PeriodicalId":8761,"journal":{"name":"Berliner und Munchener tierarztliche Wochenschrift","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.4,"publicationDate":"2018-06-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"89104693","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Alexandra Bläske, N. Hofmann, A. Schwarzer, Magdalena V. Ebner, S. Reese, S. Bergmann, M. Erhard, A. Wöhr
Several hundred animal fairs and pet markets annually take place in Germany . As part of the EXOPET-I-Study, we visited 17 animal fairs in 2016 to gain insight into the traded (exotic) mammal species. Furthermore, we assessed whether the accommodation of the mammals was compliant with the ‘Guidelines for Animal Fairs under Animal Welfare Aspects’ (Guidelines for Animal Fairs) issued by the Federal Ministry of Consumer Protection, Food and Agriculture in 2006. At the visited fairs, 25 mammal species were offered for sale. Among them were rarely kept (exotic) mammals such as forest African dormouse (Graphiurus murinus) or grey shorttailed opossum (Monodelphis domestica). At all fairs, we found animal welfare problems concerning feed and water supply, sufficiently sized cages, adequate litter, and retreat possibility. At only one animal fair, water was freely available for each animal in all cages. Adequate feed was missing in over 20 % of the cages at nine animal fairs. At 11 animal fairs, the required cage size did not comply with the Guidelines for Animal Fairs in over 60 % of the cages. Sturdy retreat possibilities were missing in over 60 % of the cages at 16 animal fairs. The Guidelines for Animal Fairs should be implemented more stringently at animal fairs to guarantee standardized procedures throughout Germany and improve animal welfare. A main objective here is to improve on-site quality control by competent authorities and by experts (e.g. specialized veterinarians) from veterinary inspection offices assisting the authorities during on-site welfare inspections.
{"title":"Animal welfare aspects in the trade of (exotic) mammals on German animal fairs and pet markets","authors":"Alexandra Bläske, N. Hofmann, A. Schwarzer, Magdalena V. Ebner, S. Reese, S. Bergmann, M. Erhard, A. Wöhr","doi":"10.2376/0005-9366-18019","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2376/0005-9366-18019","url":null,"abstract":"Several hundred animal fairs and pet markets annually take place in Germany . As part of the EXOPET-I-Study, we visited 17 animal fairs in 2016 to gain insight into the traded (exotic) mammal species. Furthermore, we assessed whether the accommodation of the mammals was compliant with the ‘Guidelines for Animal Fairs under Animal Welfare Aspects’ (Guidelines for Animal Fairs) issued by the Federal Ministry of Consumer Protection, Food and Agriculture in 2006. At the visited fairs, 25 mammal species were offered for sale. Among them were rarely kept (exotic) mammals such as forest African dormouse (Graphiurus murinus) or grey shorttailed opossum (Monodelphis domestica). At all fairs, we found animal welfare problems concerning feed and water supply, sufficiently sized cages, adequate litter, and retreat possibility. At only one animal fair, water was freely available for each animal in all cages. Adequate feed was missing in over 20 % of the cages at nine animal fairs. At 11 animal fairs, the required cage size did not comply with the Guidelines for Animal Fairs in over 60 % of the cages. Sturdy retreat possibilities were missing in over 60 % of the cages at 16 animal fairs. The Guidelines for Animal Fairs should be implemented more stringently at animal fairs to guarantee standardized procedures throughout Germany and improve animal welfare. A main objective here is to improve on-site quality control by competent authorities and by experts (e.g. specialized veterinarians) from veterinary inspection offices assisting the authorities during on-site welfare inspections.","PeriodicalId":8761,"journal":{"name":"Berliner und Munchener tierarztliche Wochenschrift","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.4,"publicationDate":"2018-05-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"76275589","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Essential standards of biometrical sample size calculation for animal experiments in preclinical research in terms of the 3R","authors":"B. Mayer, A. Allgoewer, R. Muche","doi":"10.2376/0005-9366-17091","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2376/0005-9366-17091","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":8761,"journal":{"name":"Berliner und Munchener tierarztliche Wochenschrift","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.4,"publicationDate":"2018-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"74136508","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
A. Fetsch, Katja Drache, D. Leeser, G. Krause, A. Johne, B. Kraushaar, Y. Kelner-Burgos
In the autumn 2016, the National Reference Laboratory for coagulase positive staphylococci (CPS) including Staphylococcus (S.) aureus (NRL-Staph) at the German Federal Institute for Risk Assessment has organized its first interlaboratory profiency testing (ILPT) trial for the detection of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) in food. The purpose of the ILPT was to assess the analytical competence of the official laboratories of the Federal German 'Lander' authorities. Moreover, it was the intention to gain an overview of the standard methods implemented in the participating laboratories for the purpose of MRSA detection in food. Five minced pork meat samples (1x blank, 2x not contaminated with MRSA but contaminated with methicillin-resistant S. sciuri, and 2x contaminated with MRSA) were sent in blind to each participant. In total, 19 laboratories participated to the ILPT, 18 from 12 Federal German 'Lander, and the NRL-Staph. Data sets from all 19 participating laboratories were included in the analysis. Overall, a specificity of 98.25% (56/57 true negative results), a sensitivity of 100% (38/38 true positive results), and an accuracy of 98.95% (94/95 true results) was achieved. All of the participants (19/19) used the screening method recommended for the detection of MRSA along the farm-to-fork food chain, which has been developed by the NRL-Staph. To conclude on the ILPT in general it is to state that almost all of the participating laboratories correctly identified MRSA contaminated samples demonstrating a very high analytical capacity in Germany. Moreover, the MRSA screening method developed by the NRL-Staph allows a reliable identification of MRSA contaminated samples.
{"title":"Interlaboratory Proficiency Testing trial on the Detection of Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) in food in Germany 2016","authors":"A. Fetsch, Katja Drache, D. Leeser, G. Krause, A. Johne, B. Kraushaar, Y. Kelner-Burgos","doi":"10.2376/0005-9366-17080","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2376/0005-9366-17080","url":null,"abstract":"In the autumn 2016, the National Reference Laboratory for coagulase positive staphylococci (CPS) including Staphylococcus (S.) aureus (NRL-Staph) at the German Federal Institute for Risk Assessment has organized its first interlaboratory profiency testing (ILPT) trial for the detection of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) in food. The purpose of the ILPT was to assess the analytical competence of the official laboratories of the Federal German 'Lander' authorities. Moreover, it was the intention to gain an overview of the standard methods implemented in the participating laboratories for the purpose of MRSA detection in food. Five minced pork meat samples (1x blank, 2x not contaminated with MRSA but contaminated with methicillin-resistant S. sciuri, and 2x contaminated with MRSA) were sent in blind to each participant. In total, 19 laboratories participated to the ILPT, 18 from 12 Federal German 'Lander, and the NRL-Staph. Data sets from all 19 participating laboratories were included in the analysis. Overall, a specificity of 98.25% (56/57 true negative results), a sensitivity of 100% (38/38 true positive results), and an accuracy of 98.95% (94/95 true results) was achieved. All of the participants (19/19) used the screening method recommended for the detection of MRSA along the farm-to-fork food chain, which has been developed by the NRL-Staph. To conclude on the ILPT in general it is to state that almost all of the participating laboratories correctly identified MRSA contaminated samples demonstrating a very high analytical capacity in Germany. Moreover, the MRSA screening method developed by the NRL-Staph allows a reliable identification of MRSA contaminated samples.","PeriodicalId":8761,"journal":{"name":"Berliner und Munchener tierarztliche Wochenschrift","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.4,"publicationDate":"2018-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"86615062","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Anne Habedank, P. Kahnau, Kai Diederich, L. Lewejohann
Die Beurteilung der Belastung im Tierversuch stellt eine komplexe ethische und biomedizinische Herausforderung dar. Die Anforderungen an die Versuchstierkunde bezuglich der Belastungseinschatzung steigen stetig. Derzeit fehlen jedoch wissenschaftliche uberprufbare Messparameter um die Belastungen aus Sicht der Tiere einschatzen zu konnen. Die Interpretation von Verhaltensdaten und physiologischer Parameter im Zusammenhang mit tierlichem Wohlergehen ist nicht immer eindeutig; anstelle valider wissenschaftlicher Kriterien tritt mitunter ein „Bauchgefuhl“ des Beurteilenden. Dieser Ubersichtsartikel diskutiert die besondere Bedeutung, die Tiere selbst bei Belastungseinschatzung zu „befragen“. In Wahlversuchen konnen die Tiere zwischen verschiedenen Ressourcen wahlen. Die Bevorzugung eines Gutes gegenuber einem anderen fuhrt dann aber nicht zwangslaufig zu Leid, wenn das Tier keinen Zugang zum praferierten Gut hat. Um die Praferenzen der Tiere besser beurteilen zu konnen, besteht ein dringender Bedarf fur aussagekraftigere Praferenztests. Ferner konnen Tiere ublicherweise nicht frei entscheiden, ob sie an bestimmten Versuchen teilnehmen wollen. In Tierversuchen getestet zu werden, konnte den emotionalen Status der Tiere messbar beeintrachtigen. Zwar sind die inneren emotionalen Zustande nicht immer offensichtlich, sie konnen jedoch mit Hilfe des Erwartungsvalenztests experimentell sichtbar gemacht werden. Dieses Verfahren gibt Aufschluss uber die Erwartungshaltung der Tiere gegenuber zukunftigen Ereignissen, anthropomorph formuliert, ob sie die Zukunft eher „optimistisch“ oder „pessimistisch“ sehen. Eine Erweiterung dieses Erwartungsvalenztests fur Mause konnte eine umfassendere Belastungseinschatzung moglich machen, die auch die emotionalen Zustande der Tiere berucksichtigt. Die hier vorgeschlagenen Methoden zielen auf eine Belastungseinschatzung aus Sicht der Tiere ab, indem deren Praferenz und Erwartungsvalenz mit einbezogen werden.
{"title":"Severity assessment from an animal's point of view","authors":"Anne Habedank, P. Kahnau, Kai Diederich, L. Lewejohann","doi":"10.2376/0005-9366-18007","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2376/0005-9366-18007","url":null,"abstract":"Die Beurteilung der Belastung im Tierversuch stellt eine komplexe ethische und biomedizinische Herausforderung dar. Die Anforderungen an die Versuchstierkunde bezuglich der Belastungseinschatzung steigen stetig. Derzeit fehlen jedoch wissenschaftliche uberprufbare Messparameter um die Belastungen aus Sicht der Tiere einschatzen zu konnen. Die Interpretation von Verhaltensdaten und physiologischer Parameter im Zusammenhang mit tierlichem Wohlergehen ist nicht immer eindeutig; anstelle valider wissenschaftlicher Kriterien tritt mitunter ein „Bauchgefuhl“ des Beurteilenden. Dieser Ubersichtsartikel diskutiert die besondere Bedeutung, die Tiere selbst bei Belastungseinschatzung zu „befragen“. In Wahlversuchen konnen die Tiere zwischen verschiedenen Ressourcen wahlen. Die Bevorzugung eines Gutes gegenuber einem anderen fuhrt dann aber nicht zwangslaufig zu Leid, wenn das Tier keinen Zugang zum praferierten Gut hat. Um die Praferenzen der Tiere besser beurteilen zu konnen, besteht ein dringender Bedarf fur aussagekraftigere Praferenztests. Ferner konnen Tiere ublicherweise nicht frei entscheiden, ob sie an bestimmten Versuchen teilnehmen wollen. In Tierversuchen getestet zu werden, konnte den emotionalen Status der Tiere messbar beeintrachtigen. Zwar sind die inneren emotionalen Zustande nicht immer offensichtlich, sie konnen jedoch mit Hilfe des Erwartungsvalenztests experimentell sichtbar gemacht werden. Dieses Verfahren gibt Aufschluss uber die Erwartungshaltung der Tiere gegenuber zukunftigen Ereignissen, anthropomorph formuliert, ob sie die Zukunft eher „optimistisch“ oder „pessimistisch“ sehen. Eine Erweiterung dieses Erwartungsvalenztests fur Mause konnte eine umfassendere Belastungseinschatzung moglich machen, die auch die emotionalen Zustande der Tiere berucksichtigt. Die hier vorgeschlagenen Methoden zielen auf eine Belastungseinschatzung aus Sicht der Tiere ab, indem deren Praferenz und Erwartungsvalenz mit einbezogen werden.","PeriodicalId":8761,"journal":{"name":"Berliner und Munchener tierarztliche Wochenschrift","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.4,"publicationDate":"2018-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"90825817","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Christina Geiwagner, Shari Fell, Anna Rettinger, R. Straubinger
Interferon-gamma release assays are used for the diagnosis of tuberculosis (TB) in cattle as well as several other species. They rely on the measurement of IFN-gamma, which is produced by sensitised T-cells after an infection with intracellular microbes. In Germany and the adjacent Austrian regions, red deer, as a reservoir of Mycobacterium caprae, plays an important role in the transmission and maintenance of TB. Therefore, ante mortem diagnostic approaches for TB, such as the development of an IFN-gamma release assay for this species are of crucial need. As wild animals have to be immobilised for blood withdrawal for this test, we investigated whether general anaesthesia has an influence on the vitality of leucocytes as the main source of IFN-gamma. In blood samples of cattle (collected before and during anaesthesia), IFN-gamma-concentrations were measured with a bovine IFN-gamma release assay and resulted in either equal values or were slightly higher during anaesthesia. Thus, we were able to confirm that there is no loss of leucocyte activity and consequently no decreased IFN-gamma production under narcotics. Furthermore, we explored if the bovine assay can be used for examining red deer blood samples. Whole blood samples of two anaesthetised red deer were tested and resulted in a very good cross-reaction between the bovine antibodies and cervid IFN-gamma. The applied bovine assay can be used for future examination of red deer blood samples to measure released IFN-gamma. To use it as a diagnostic tool for TB in red deer, further development of the assay would be required.
{"title":"Influence of general anaesthesia on the vitality of peripheral leucocytes and first steps into the development of an interferon-gamma (IFN-gamma) release assay for the testing of red deer blood samples","authors":"Christina Geiwagner, Shari Fell, Anna Rettinger, R. Straubinger","doi":"10.2376/0005-9366-17092","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2376/0005-9366-17092","url":null,"abstract":"Interferon-gamma release assays are used for the diagnosis of tuberculosis (TB) in cattle as well as several other species. They rely on the measurement of IFN-gamma, which is produced by sensitised T-cells after an infection with intracellular microbes. In Germany and the adjacent Austrian regions, red deer, as a reservoir of Mycobacterium caprae, plays an important role in the transmission and maintenance of TB. Therefore, ante mortem diagnostic approaches for TB, such as the development of an IFN-gamma release assay for this species are of crucial need. As wild animals have to be immobilised for blood withdrawal for this test, we investigated whether general anaesthesia has an influence on the vitality of leucocytes as the main source of IFN-gamma. In blood samples of cattle (collected before and during anaesthesia), IFN-gamma-concentrations were measured with a bovine IFN-gamma release assay and resulted in either equal values or were slightly higher during anaesthesia. Thus, we were able to confirm that there is no loss of leucocyte activity and consequently no decreased IFN-gamma production under narcotics. Furthermore, we explored if the bovine assay can be used for examining red deer blood samples. Whole blood samples of two anaesthetised red deer were tested and resulted in a very good cross-reaction between the bovine antibodies and cervid IFN-gamma. The applied bovine assay can be used for future examination of red deer blood samples to measure released IFN-gamma. To use it as a diagnostic tool for TB in red deer, further development of the assay would be required.","PeriodicalId":8761,"journal":{"name":"Berliner und Munchener tierarztliche Wochenschrift","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.4,"publicationDate":"2018-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"87173159","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Severity assessment in laboratory animals : a short overview on potentially applicable parameters","authors":"L. Keubler, A. Bleich, Christine Haeger, R. Tolba","doi":"10.2376/0005-9366-17105","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2376/0005-9366-17105","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":8761,"journal":{"name":"Berliner und Munchener tierarztliche Wochenschrift","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.4,"publicationDate":"2018-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"73177923","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
K. Płoneczka-Janeczko, J. Piekarska, K. Rypuła, A. Gamian
Ostertagia (O.) ostertagi is a common cattle parasite that can be found on all cattle farms where animals have access to pastures. To evaluate the presence of anti- O. ostertagi antibodies in cattle herds, bulk tank milk (BTM) samples were evaluated using a commercial ELISA test (SVANOVIR® O. ostertagi Ab ELISA, Svanova, Sweden). Samples (n=830) were collected from dairy cattle herds in Estonia, Latvia, Lithuania, and Poland. The average BTM optical density ratio (ODR) values in Poland and Estonia were 0.400 and 0.493, respectively. Higher BTM ODRs were obtained in samples collected in Lithuania (0.695) and in Latvia (0.703), which may correlate with the reduction in milk yield by 0.75–1.2 kg of milk per cow per day in Lithuania and Latvia. The first investigations on ostertagiosis using BTM samples were conducted in Poland in 2011. To our knowledge, this is the first report to use BTM ELISA ODRs to evaluate ostertagiosis in cattle in Estonia, Latvia, and Lithuania.
Ostertagia (O.) ostertagi是一种常见的牛寄生虫，可以在动物进入牧场的所有牛场中找到。为了评估牛群中抗O. ostertagi抗体的存在，使用商业ELISA检测(SVANOVIR®O. ostertagi Ab ELISA，瑞典Svanova)对散装罐乳(BTM)样品进行了评估。样本(n=830)从爱沙尼亚、拉脱维亚、立陶宛和波兰的奶牛群中收集。波兰和爱沙尼亚的平均BTM光密度比(ODR)分别为0.400和0.493。在立陶宛(0.695)和拉脱维亚(0.703)收集的样本中获得了较高的BTM odr，这可能与立陶宛和拉脱维亚每头奶牛每天产奶量减少0.75-1.2千克有关。2011年在波兰使用BTM样本进行了第一次牡蛎病调查。据我们所知，这是在爱沙尼亚、拉脱维亚和立陶宛首次使用BTM ELISA odr来评估牛的卵巢鳞病。
{"title":"Presence of antibodies against Ostertagia ostertagi in bulk tank milk from cattle herds in the northeastern Baltic countries of Europe","authors":"K. Płoneczka-Janeczko, J. Piekarska, K. Rypuła, A. Gamian","doi":"10.2376/0005-9366-18036","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2376/0005-9366-18036","url":null,"abstract":"Ostertagia (O.) ostertagi is a common cattle parasite that can be found on all cattle farms where animals have access to pastures. To evaluate the presence of anti- O. ostertagi antibodies in cattle herds, bulk tank milk (BTM) samples were evaluated using a commercial ELISA test (SVANOVIR® O. ostertagi Ab ELISA, Svanova, Sweden). Samples (n=830) were collected from dairy cattle herds in Estonia, Latvia, Lithuania, and Poland. The average BTM optical density ratio (ODR) values in Poland and Estonia were 0.400 and 0.493, respectively. Higher BTM ODRs were obtained in samples collected in Lithuania (0.695) and in Latvia (0.703), which may correlate with the reduction in milk yield by 0.75–1.2 kg of milk per cow per day in Lithuania and Latvia. The first investigations on ostertagiosis using BTM samples were conducted in Poland in 2011. To our knowledge, this is the first report to use BTM ELISA ODRs to evaluate ostertagiosis in cattle in Estonia, Latvia, and Lithuania.","PeriodicalId":8761,"journal":{"name":"Berliner und Munchener tierarztliche Wochenschrift","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.4,"publicationDate":"2018-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"81021456","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
E. Burow, M. Grobbel, B. Tenhagen, C. Simoneit, M. Ladwig, I. Szabó, D. Wendt, S. Banneke, A. Kaesbohrer
The study objective was to evaluate the effect of oral (OT) and parenteral (PT) administration of enrofloxacin to weaners on untreated contact animals. We assessed a) fluoroquinolone occurrence in the blood serum of untreated contact animals (COT, CPT); b) resistance to (fluoro)quinolones in commensal Escherichia coli (E. coli) in OT, PT, COT and CPT compared to the control (CON), and c) resistance to other antimicrobials in E. coli in OT, PT, COT and CPT compared to the initial situation before the treatment in these groups. Five groups of 14 weaners each were housed in three separate rooms (OT with COT, PT with CPT, CON alone). OT and PT were treated with enrofloxacin for five days. Rectal swabs and blood samples were taken before, during and until 51 days after treatment. Enro- and ciprofloxacin were detected in all treated, all COT and half of the CPT pigs. Neither through selective isolation nor by susceptibility testing of one random non-selectively isolated faecal E. coli per sample, resistance to ciprofloxacin (metabolite of enrofloxacin) and nalidixic acid was detected in both treatment and contact groups during and short after treatment. However, a transient increase of E. coli resistant to antimicrobials other than quinolones followed the treatment in isolates from OT and COT (e.g. ampicillin p < 0.05). In conclusion, animals in contact with treated animals are exposed to and can intake antimicrobials. Animals in contact with orally treated animals show occurrence of antibiotic resistant E. coli. Further studies are needed to show whether these preliminary findings can be confirmed under different conditions and with more sensitive detection methods.
{"title":"Antimicrobial susceptibility in faecal Escherichia coli from pigs after enrofloxacin administration in an experimental environment","authors":"E. Burow, M. Grobbel, B. Tenhagen, C. Simoneit, M. Ladwig, I. Szabó, D. Wendt, S. Banneke, A. Kaesbohrer","doi":"10.2376/0005-9366-17079","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2376/0005-9366-17079","url":null,"abstract":"The study objective was to evaluate the effect of oral (OT) and parenteral (PT) administration of enrofloxacin to weaners on untreated contact animals. We assessed a) fluoroquinolone occurrence in the blood serum of untreated contact animals (COT, CPT); b) resistance to (fluoro)quinolones in commensal Escherichia coli (E. coli) in OT, PT, COT and CPT compared to the control (CON), and c) resistance to other antimicrobials in E. coli in OT, PT, COT and CPT compared to the initial situation before the treatment in these groups. Five groups of 14 weaners each were housed in three separate rooms (OT with COT, PT with CPT, CON alone). OT and PT were treated with enrofloxacin for five days. Rectal swabs and blood samples were taken before, during and until 51 days after treatment. Enro- and ciprofloxacin were detected in all treated, all COT and half of the CPT pigs. Neither through selective isolation nor by susceptibility testing of one random non-selectively isolated faecal E. coli per sample, resistance to ciprofloxacin (metabolite of enrofloxacin) and nalidixic acid was detected in both treatment and contact groups during and short after treatment. However, a transient increase of E. coli resistant to antimicrobials other than quinolones followed the treatment in isolates from OT and COT (e.g. ampicillin p < 0.05). In conclusion, animals in contact with treated animals are exposed to and can intake antimicrobials. Animals in contact with orally treated animals show occurrence of antibiotic resistant E. coli. Further studies are needed to show whether these preliminary findings can be confirmed under different conditions and with more sensitive detection methods.","PeriodicalId":8761,"journal":{"name":"Berliner und Munchener tierarztliche Wochenschrift","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.4,"publicationDate":"2018-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"89365491","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
T. Tschoner, Magdalena Behrendt-Wippermann, A. Rieger, M. Metzner, G. Knubben-Schweizer, F. Reichmann, M. Feist
The objective of this orientating study was to describe plasma concentrations of substance P in calves undergoing umbilical surgery with two different analgesic protocols. The study was conducted as a randomized controlled double blinded trial. Ten calves (aged 39 10 days) were treated with meloxicam (CON) for analgesia, and 11 calves (aged 37 8 days) with meloxicam and metamizole (MET). Umbilical surgery under general anaesthesia was performed according to a strictly standardized protocol. Blood samples were taken at the day of surgery (one hour before and 5, 15, 30, 45, 60, 90, 150 and 510 minutes after skin incision). Plasma concentrations and AUC of substance P were determined. Plasma substance P increased during umbilical surgery in both groups. In CON, there was a significant difference to plasma substance P baseline concentration 5, 30 and 90 minutes after skin incision. Plasma substance P concentrations were lower in MET compared with CON at all times, and did not differ significantly from baseline concentration. Even though there was no significant difference in the plasma substance P concentrations in-between the groups, the results show that after the administration of metamizole additionally to meloxicam, plasma substance P concentrations in MET were lower than in CON at all times. This fact could indicate that substance P might be a suitable biomarker for nociception and pain. Further studies are needed to confirm this hypothesis.
{"title":"Course of plasma substance P concentrations during umbilical surgery in calves","authors":"T. Tschoner, Magdalena Behrendt-Wippermann, A. Rieger, M. Metzner, G. Knubben-Schweizer, F. Reichmann, M. Feist","doi":"10.2376/0005-9366-17103","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2376/0005-9366-17103","url":null,"abstract":"The objective of this orientating study was to describe plasma concentrations of substance P in calves undergoing umbilical surgery with two different analgesic protocols. The study was conducted as a randomized controlled double blinded trial. Ten calves (aged 39 10 days) were treated with meloxicam (CON) for analgesia, and 11 calves (aged 37 8 days) with meloxicam and metamizole (MET). Umbilical surgery under general anaesthesia was performed according to a strictly standardized protocol. Blood samples were taken at the day of surgery (one hour before and 5, 15, 30, 45, 60, 90, 150 and 510 minutes after skin incision). Plasma concentrations and AUC of substance P were determined. Plasma substance P increased during umbilical surgery in both groups. In CON, there was a significant difference to plasma substance P baseline concentration 5, 30 and 90 minutes after skin incision. Plasma substance P concentrations were lower in MET compared with CON at all times, and did not differ significantly from baseline concentration. Even though there was no significant difference in the plasma substance P concentrations in-between the groups, the results show that after the administration of metamizole additionally to meloxicam, plasma substance P concentrations in MET were lower than in CON at all times. This fact could indicate that substance P might be a suitable biomarker for nociception and pain. Further studies are needed to confirm this hypothesis.","PeriodicalId":8761,"journal":{"name":"Berliner und Munchener tierarztliche Wochenschrift","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.4,"publicationDate":"2018-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"86825108","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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