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Phase separation in DNA damage response: New insights into cancer development and therapy DNA 损伤反应中的相分离:癌症发展与治疗的新视角
IF 9.7 1区 医学 Q1 BIOCHEMISTRY & MOLECULAR BIOLOGY Pub Date : 2024-11-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbcan.2024.189206
Lingwei Li , Litong Yao , Mozhi Wang , Xiang Zhou , Yingying Xu
Phase separation, a process in which biomolecules segregate into distinct liquid-like compartments within cells, has recently been identified as a crucial regulator of various cellular functions, including the DNA damage response (DDR). Dysregulation of phase separation may contribute to genomic instability, oncogenesis, and tumor progression. However, the specific roles and mechanisms underlying phase separation remain largely elusive. This comprehensive review aims to elucidate the complex relationship between phase separation and the DDR in the context of cancer biology. We focus on the molecular mechanisms underlying phase separation and its role in orchestrating DDR signaling and repair processes. Additionally, we discuss how the dysregulation of phase separation in cancer cells impacts genome stability, tumorigenesis, and therapeutic responses. By leveraging the unique properties of phase separation in the DDR, researchers can potentially advance basic research and develop personalized cancer therapies targeting the dysregulated biomolecular condensates that drive tumorigenesis.
相分离是生物大分子在细胞内分离成不同液态区室的过程,最近已被确定为各种细胞功能(包括 DNA 损伤反应)的关键调节因子。相分离失调可能会导致基因组不稳定、肿瘤发生和肿瘤进展。然而,相分离的具体作用和机制在很大程度上仍然难以捉摸。本综述旨在阐明癌症生物学背景下相位分离与 DDR 之间的复杂关系。我们将重点关注相分离的分子机制及其在协调 DDR 信号传导和修复过程中的作用。此外,我们还讨论了癌细胞中的相分离失调如何影响基因组稳定性、肿瘤发生和治疗反应。通过利用 DDR 中相位分离的独特特性,研究人员有可能推进基础研究,并开发出针对导致肿瘤发生的失调生物分子凝聚物的个性化癌症疗法。
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引用次数: 0
Mitochondrial RNA methylation in cancer 癌症中的线粒体 RNA 甲基化。
IF 9.7 1区 医学 Q1 BIOCHEMISTRY & MOLECULAR BIOLOGY Pub Date : 2024-11-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbcan.2024.189213
Luyi Tan , Chenyu Zhu , Xinyu Zhang , Jiaqi Fu , Tingting Huang , Wenji Zhang , Wenjuan Zhang
Mitochondria have a complete and independent genetic system with necessary biological energy for cancer occurrence and persistence. Mitochondrial RNA (mt-RNA) methylation, as a frontier in epigenetics, has linked to cancer progression with growing evidences. This review has comprehensively summarized detailed mechanisms of mt-RNA methylation in regulating cancer proliferation, metastasis, and immune infiltration from the mt-RNA methylation sites, biological significance, and its methyltransferases. The mt-RNA methylation also plays a very significant role via epigenetic crosstalk between nucleus and mitochondria. Importantly, the unique structures and functional characteristics of mt-RNA methyltransferases and the potential targeting treatment drugs for cancer are also analyzed. Revealing human mt-RNA methylation regulatory system and the relationship with cancer will contribute to identifying potential biomarkers and therapeutic targets for precise prevention, detection, intervention and treatment in the future.
线粒体拥有完整而独立的遗传系统,是癌症发生和持续存在的必要生物能源。线粒体 RNA(mt-RNA)甲基化是表观遗传学的一个前沿领域,越来越多的证据表明它与癌症进展有关。本综述从 mt-RNA 甲基化位点、生物学意义及其甲基转移酶等方面全面总结了 mt-RNA 甲基化在调控癌症增殖、转移和免疫渗透方面的详细机制。mt-RNA 甲基化还通过细胞核和线粒体之间的表观遗传学串扰发挥着非常重要的作用。重要的是,研究还分析了 mt-RNA 甲基转移酶的独特结构和功能特征,以及潜在的癌症靶向治疗药物。揭示人类 mt-RNA 甲基化调控系统及其与癌症的关系,将有助于确定潜在的生物标志物和治疗靶点,从而在未来精确预防、检测、干预和治疗癌症。
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引用次数: 0
Methyltransferases in cancer drug resistance: Unlocking the potential of targeting SMYD3 to sensitize cancer cells 癌症耐药性中的甲基转移酶:发掘靶向 SMYD3 使癌细胞敏感的潜力。
IF 9.7 1区 医学 Q1 BIOCHEMISTRY & MOLECULAR BIOLOGY Pub Date : 2024-10-24 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbcan.2024.189203
Paola Sanese , Candida Fasano , Martina Lepore Signorile , Katia De Marco , Giovanna Forte , Vittoria Disciglio , Valentina Grossi , Cristiano Simone
Drug resistance is a significant challenge in oncology and is driven by various mechanisms, among which a crucial role is played by enhanced DNA repair. Thus, targeting DNA damage response (DDR) factors with specific inhibitors is emerging as a promising therapeutic strategy. An important process involved in the modulation of DNA repair pathways, and hence in drug resistance, is post-translational modification (PTM). PTMs such as methylation affect protein function and are critical in cancer biology. Methylation is catalyzed by specific enzymes called protein methyltransferases. In recent years, the SET domain-containing N-lysine methyltransferase SMYD3 has emerged as a significant oncogenic driver. It is overexpressed in several tumor types and plays a signal-dependent role in promoting gastrointestinal cancer formation and development. Recent evidence indicates that SMYD3 is involved in the maintenance of cancer genome integrity and contributes to drug resistance in response to genotoxic stress by regulating DDR mechanisms. Several potential SMYD3 interactors implicated in DNA repair, especially in the homologous recombination and non-homologous end-joining pathways, have been identified by in silico analyses and confirmed by experimental validation, showing that SMYD3 promotes DDR protein interactions and enzymatic activity, thereby sustaining cancer cell survival. Targeting SMYD3, in combination with standard or targeted therapy, shows promise in overcoming drug resistance in colorectal, gastric, pancreatic, breast, endometrial, and lung cancer models, supporting the integration of SMYD3 inhibition into cancer treatment regimens. In this review, we describe the role played by SMYD3 in drug resistance and analyze its potential as a molecular target to sensitize cancer cells to treatment.
耐药性是肿瘤学面临的一项重大挑战,其驱动机制多种多样,其中 DNA 修复能力的增强发挥了至关重要的作用。因此,以 DNA 损伤应答(DDR)因子为靶点的特异性抑制剂正成为一种前景广阔的治疗策略。DNA 修复途径的一个重要调节过程是翻译后修饰 (PTM),这也是导致耐药性的一个重要原因。甲基化等 PTM 会影响蛋白质的功能,在癌症生物学中至关重要。甲基化由称为蛋白质甲基转移酶的特定酶催化。近年来,含 SET 结构域的 N-赖氨酸甲基转移酶 SMYD3 已成为一种重要的致癌驱动因子。它在几种肿瘤类型中过度表达,并在促进胃肠癌的形成和发展中发挥着信号依赖性作用。最近的证据表明,SMYD3 参与了癌症基因组完整性的维护,并通过调节 DDR 机制在应对基因毒性压力时产生抗药性。一些潜在的 SMYD3 与 DNA 修复(尤其是同源重组和非同源末端连接途径)有关的相互作用因子已通过硅学分析确定,并通过实验验证得到证实,表明 SMYD3 促进了 DDR 蛋白相互作用和酶活性,从而维持了癌细胞的存活。在结直肠癌、胃癌、胰腺癌、乳腺癌、子宫内膜癌和肺癌模型中,靶向 SMYD3 与标准疗法或靶向疗法相结合,有望克服耐药性,支持将 SMYD3 抑制纳入癌症治疗方案。在这篇综述中,我们描述了 SMYD3 在耐药性中扮演的角色,并分析了其作为分子靶点使癌细胞对治疗敏感的潜力。
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引用次数: 0
Targeting autophagy in urological system cancers: From underlying mechanisms to therapeutic implications 以泌尿系统癌症中的自噬为靶点:从基本机制到治疗意义。
IF 9.7 1区 医学 Q1 BIOCHEMISTRY & MOLECULAR BIOLOGY Pub Date : 2024-10-18 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbcan.2024.189196
Ziyue Yuan , Jiani He , Zhijia Li , Bo Fan , Lan Zhang , Xiaojun Man
The urological system, including kidneys, ureters, bladder, urethra and prostate is known to be vital for blood filtration, waste elimination and electrolyte balance. Notably, urological system cancers represent a significant portion of global cancer diagnoses and mortalities. The current therapeutic strategies for early-stage cancer primarily involve resection surgery, which significantly affects the quality of life of patients, whereas advanced-stage cancer often relies on less effective chemo- or radiotherapy. Recently, accumulating evidence has revealed that autophagy, a crucial process in which excess organelles or inclusions within cells are removed to maintain cell homeostasis, has numerous links to urological system cancers. In this review, we focus on summarizing the underlying two-sided mechanisms of autophagy in urological system cancers. We also review the current clinical drugs targeting autophagy, which demonstrate significant potential in improving treatment outcomes for urological system cancers. In addition, we provide an overview of the research status of novel small molecule compounds targeting autophagy that are in the preclinical stages of investigation. Furthermore, drug combinations based on autophagy modulation strategies in urological system cancers are systematically summarized and discussed. These findings provide comprehensive new insight for the future discovery of more autophagy-related drug candidates.
众所周知,泌尿系统(包括肾脏、输尿管、膀胱、尿道和前列腺)对血液过滤、废物排出和电解质平衡至关重要。值得注意的是,泌尿系统癌症占全球癌症诊断和死亡人数的很大一部分。目前对早期癌症的治疗策略主要涉及切除手术,这严重影响了患者的生活质量,而晚期癌症通常依赖于效果较差的化疗或放疗。最近,越来越多的证据表明,自噬是清除细胞内多余细胞器或内含物以维持细胞平衡的一个重要过程,它与泌尿系统癌症有许多联系。在这篇综述中,我们重点总结了泌尿系统癌症中自噬的基本双面机制。我们还回顾了目前以自噬为靶点的临床药物,这些药物在改善泌尿系统癌症的治疗效果方面表现出了巨大的潜力。此外,我们还概述了处于临床前研究阶段的以自噬为靶点的新型小分子化合物的研究现状。此外,我们还系统地总结和讨论了基于自噬调节策略的药物组合在泌尿系统癌症中的应用。这些发现为今后发现更多与自噬相关的候选药物提供了全面的新见解。
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引用次数: 0
The role of ferroptosis resistance in lymph-associated tumour metastasis 铁蛋白抗性在淋巴相关肿瘤转移中的作用。
IF 9.7 1区 医学 Q1 BIOCHEMISTRY & MOLECULAR BIOLOGY Pub Date : 2024-10-18 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbcan.2024.189200
Xiaoyu Li , Meng Tian , Liuchunyang Yu , JinXiu Qian , Jue Yang , Xiangpeng Wang , Cheng Lu , Cheng Xiao , Yuanyan Liu
Tumour metastasis is a crucial factor in determining clinically challenging tumours. In this respect, the lymphatic system may act as potential entry portals for tumour metastasis, whilst, clinical detection of tumour-infiltrated lymph nodes also indicates poorer prognosis and higher metastatic risk. Whether tumour cells gain ferroptosis resistance in lymph that make them exhibit a stronger propensity for lymphatic dissemination compared to hematogenous spread might be a breakthrough for elucidating lymph-associated tumour metastasis. This review discusses how the lymphatic system endows tumour cells with ferroptosis resistance character, which makes them more propensity for lymph node pre-metastasis and distant metastasis through lymphatic circulation. Comprehensively considering the distinct structure and property of lymph and the unique metabolic characteristics of tumours, all of the lymphatic vessels, intestinal lymph and lymph nodes collectively manipulate an intricate interaction with the hematogenous system and afford substances exchange with tumour cells and extracellular vesicles, upon which make a ferroptosis resistant microenvironment for subsequent metastasis in distant organs and lymph nodes.
肿瘤转移是决定肿瘤是否具有临床挑战性的关键因素。在这方面,淋巴系统可能是肿瘤转移的潜在入口,而临床发现肿瘤浸润淋巴结也表明预后较差,转移风险较高。肿瘤细胞是否会在淋巴中获得抗铁锈色素沉着的能力,从而表现出比血行播散更强的淋巴播散倾向,这可能是阐明淋巴相关肿瘤转移的一个突破口。这篇综述探讨了淋巴系统如何赋予肿瘤细胞以抗铁蛋白性,使其更倾向于淋巴结转移前和通过淋巴循环进行远处转移。综合考虑淋巴的独特结构和性质以及肿瘤的独特代谢特征,所有淋巴管、肠道淋巴和淋巴结共同操纵着与血流系统的复杂互动,并与肿瘤细胞和细胞外囊泡进行物质交换,从而为随后在远处器官和淋巴结的转移创造了抗铁蛋白沉积的微环境。
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引用次数: 0
Dual roles of human endogenous retroviruses in cancer progression and antitumor immune response 人类内源性逆转录病毒在癌症进展和抗肿瘤免疫反应中的双重作用。
IF 9.7 1区 医学 Q1 BIOCHEMISTRY & MOLECULAR BIOLOGY Pub Date : 2024-10-18 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbcan.2024.189201
Yang Yang, Surong Dong, Benshuai You, Chenglin Zhou
Human endogenous retroviruses (HERVs) are a class of transposable elements formed by the integration of ancient retroviruses into the germline genome. They are inherited in a Mendelian manner and approximately constitute 8 % of the human genome. HERVs were considered as “junk DNA” for decades, but increasing evidence suggests that they play significant roles in pathological inflammation, neural differentiation, and oncogenesis. Specifically, HERVs expression has been implicated in several oncogenic processes and the formation of the tumor microenvironment. Indeed, the dual roles of HERVs in cancer, serving as both promoters of oncogenesis and forerunners of the innate antitumor immune response, remain a subject of debate. In this review, we will discuss how HERVs participate in cancer progression and how they are regulated. Our aim is to provide a comprehensive understanding of the fundamental properties and potential function of HERVs in propagating oncogenesis and activating the antitumor immune response. We hope that updated knowledge will reshape our understanding of the critical roles played by HERVs in human evolution and cancer progression.
人类内源性逆转录病毒(HERVs)是一类转座元件,由古老的逆转录病毒整合到种系基因组中形成。它们以孟德尔方式遗传,约占人类基因组的 8%。几十年来,HERVs 一直被认为是 "垃圾 DNA",但越来越多的证据表明,它们在病理炎症、神经分化和肿瘤发生中发挥着重要作用。具体来说,HERVs 的表达与多种致癌过程和肿瘤微环境的形成有关。事实上,HERVs 在癌症中的双重作用--既是肿瘤发生的促进因子,又是先天抗肿瘤免疫反应的先驱--仍是一个争论的话题。在本综述中,我们将讨论 HERVs 如何参与癌症进展以及如何对其进行调控。我们的目的是全面了解 HERVs 在传播肿瘤发生和激活抗肿瘤免疫反应方面的基本特性和潜在功能。我们希望最新的知识能够重塑我们对 HERVs 在人类进化和癌症进展中所扮演的关键角色的理解。
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引用次数: 0
CD8+ T-cell exhaustion: Impediment to triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) immunotherapy CD8+ T 细胞衰竭:三阴性乳腺癌 (TNBC) 免疫疗法的障碍。
IF 9.7 1区 医学 Q1 BIOCHEMISTRY & MOLECULAR BIOLOGY Pub Date : 2024-10-15 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbcan.2024.189193
Dandan Feng , Dongqing Pu , Jinlu Ren , Ming Liu , Zhen Zhang , Zhiyong Liu , Jingwei Li
CD8+ T-cell exhaustion has been identified as a significant contributor to immunosuppression and immune escape in triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC). Dysfunction due to cell exhaustion is characterized by reduced effector capacity and sustained expression of inhibitory receptors (IRs). The factors contributing to CD8+ T-cell exhaustion are multifaceted, encompassing external influences such as the upregulation of IRs, reduction of effector cytokines, and internal changes within the immune cell, including transcriptomic alterations, epigenetic landscape remodeling, and metabolomic shifts. The impact of the altered TNBC tumor microenvironment (TME) on Tex is also a critical consideration. The production of exhausted CD8+ T-cells (CD8+ Tex) is positively correlated with poor prognosis and reduced response rates to immunotherapy in TNBC patients, underscoring the urgent need for the development of novel TNBC immunotherapeutic strategies that target the mechanisms of CD8+ T-cell exhaustion. This review delineates the dynamic trajectory of CD8+ T-cell exhaustion development in TNBC, provides an update on the latest research advancements in understanding its pathogenesis, and offers insights into potential immunotherapeutic strategies.
CD8+T细胞衰竭已被确定为导致三阴性乳腺癌(TNBC)免疫抑制和免疫逃逸的重要因素。细胞衰竭导致的功能障碍表现为效应能力降低和抑制性受体(IR)持续表达。导致 CD8+ T 细胞衰竭的因素是多方面的,包括外部影响,如 IRs 上调、效应细胞因子减少,以及免疫细胞内部变化,包括转录组改变、表观遗传景观重塑和代谢组转变。TNBC 肿瘤微环境(TME)的改变对 Tex 的影响也是一个重要的考虑因素。CD8+T细胞衰竭(CD8+ Tex)的产生与TNBC患者预后不良和对免疫疗法反应率降低呈正相关,这突出表明迫切需要开发针对CD8+T细胞衰竭机制的新型TNBC免疫治疗策略。本综述描绘了TNBC中CD8+ T细胞衰竭的动态发展轨迹,提供了了解其发病机制的最新研究进展,并对潜在的免疫治疗策略提出了见解。
{"title":"CD8+ T-cell exhaustion: Impediment to triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) immunotherapy","authors":"Dandan Feng ,&nbsp;Dongqing Pu ,&nbsp;Jinlu Ren ,&nbsp;Ming Liu ,&nbsp;Zhen Zhang ,&nbsp;Zhiyong Liu ,&nbsp;Jingwei Li","doi":"10.1016/j.bbcan.2024.189193","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.bbcan.2024.189193","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>CD8<sup>+</sup> T-cell exhaustion has been identified as a significant contributor to immunosuppression and immune escape in triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC). Dysfunction due to cell exhaustion is characterized by reduced effector capacity and sustained expression of inhibitory receptors (IRs). The factors contributing to CD8<sup>+</sup> T-cell exhaustion are multifaceted, encompassing external influences such as the upregulation of IRs, reduction of effector cytokines, and internal changes within the immune cell, including transcriptomic alterations, epigenetic landscape remodeling, and metabolomic shifts. The impact of the altered TNBC tumor microenvironment (TME) on Tex is also a critical consideration. The production of exhausted CD8<sup>+</sup> T-cells (CD8<sup>+</sup> Tex) is positively correlated with poor prognosis and reduced response rates to immunotherapy in TNBC patients, underscoring the urgent need for the development of novel TNBC immunotherapeutic strategies that target the mechanisms of CD8<sup>+</sup> T-cell exhaustion. This review delineates the dynamic trajectory of CD8<sup>+</sup> T-cell exhaustion development in TNBC, provides an update on the latest research advancements in understanding its pathogenesis, and offers insights into potential immunotherapeutic strategies.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":8782,"journal":{"name":"Biochimica et biophysica acta. Reviews on cancer","volume":"1879 6","pages":"Article 189193"},"PeriodicalIF":9.7,"publicationDate":"2024-10-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142482913","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Modeling bladder cancer in the laboratory: Insights from patient-derived organoids 实验室膀胱癌建模:来自患者器官组织的启示
IF 9.7 1区 医学 Q1 BIOCHEMISTRY & MOLECULAR BIOLOGY Pub Date : 2024-10-15 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbcan.2024.189199
Zikai Guo , Zhichao Li , Jia Wang , Hongxiao Jiang , Xu Wang , Yangyang Sun , Weiren Huang
Bladder cancer (BCa) is the most common malignant tumor of the urinary system. Current treatments often have poor efficacy and carry a high risk of recurrence and progression due to the lack of consideration of tumor heterogeneity. Patient-derived organoids (PDOs) are three-dimensional tissue cultures that preserve tumor heterogeneity and clinical relevance better than cancer cell lines. Moreover, PDOs are more cost-effective and efficient to cultivate compared to patient-derived tumor xenografts, while closely mirroring the tissue and genetic characteristics of their source tissues. The development of PDOs involves critical steps such as sample selection and processing, culture medium optimization, matrix selection, and improvements in culture methods. This review summarizes the methodologies for generating PDOs from patients with BCa and discusses the current advancements in drug sensitivity testing, immunotherapy, living biobanks, drug screening, and mechanistic studies, highlighting their role in advancing personalized medicine.
膀胱癌(BCa)是泌尿系统最常见的恶性肿瘤。由于缺乏对肿瘤异质性的考虑,目前的治疗方法往往疗效不佳,复发和恶化的风险很高。患者衍生的器官组织(PDOs)是一种三维组织培养物,与癌细胞系相比,它能更好地保持肿瘤的异质性和临床相关性。此外,与患者来源的肿瘤异种移植物相比,PDOs 的培养成本更低,效率更高,同时还能密切反映其源组织的组织和遗传特征。PDOs 的开发涉及样本选择和处理、培养基优化、基质选择和培养方法改进等关键步骤。本综述总结了从 BCa 患者中生成 PDOs 的方法,并讨论了当前在药物敏感性测试、免疫疗法、活体生物库、药物筛选和机理研究方面取得的进展,强调了它们在推进个性化医疗方面的作用。
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引用次数: 0
The key role of matrix stiffness in colorectal cancer immunotherapy: mechanisms and therapeutic strategies 基质硬度在结直肠癌免疫疗法中的关键作用:机制与治疗策略
IF 9.7 1区 医学 Q1 BIOCHEMISTRY & MOLECULAR BIOLOGY Pub Date : 2024-10-15 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbcan.2024.189198
Engeng Chen , Zhiru Zeng , Wei Zhou
Increased matrix stiffness within the colorectal cancer (CRC) tumor microenvironment (TME) has emerged as a pivotal determinant of immunotherapy outcomes. This review discusses the role of aberrant extracellular matrix (ECM) deposition and cross-linking in augmenting matrix stiffness, a phenomenon that not only scaffolds the tumor architecture but also contributes to tumorigenicity and immunologic evasion. Herein, we critically appraise the influence of matrix stiffness on the immunotherapeutic landscape of CRC, focusing on its capacity to impede therapeutic efficacy by modulating immune cell infiltration, activation, and functional performance. The review explores the molecular dynamics whereby matrix stiffness prompts tumor evolution, highlighting the integral role of integrin signaling, cancer-associated fibroblasts (CAFs), and the process of epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT). We bring to the fore the paradoxical impact of an indurated ECM on immune effector cells, chiefly T cells and macrophages, which are indispensable for immune surveillance and the execution of immunotherapeutic strategies, yet are markedly restrained by a fibrotic matrix. Furthermore, we examine how matrix stiffness modulates immune checkpoint molecule expression, thereby exacerbating the immunosuppressive milieu within the TME and attenuating immunotherapeutic potency. Emergent therapeutic regimens targeting matrix stiffness—including matrix modulators, inhibitors of mechanotransduction signaling pathways, and advanced biomaterials that mimic the ECM—proffer novel modalities to potentiate immunotherapy responsiveness. By refining the ECM's biomechanical attributes, the mechanical barriers posed by the tumor stroma can be improved, facilitating robust immune cell penetration and activity, and thereby bolstering the tumor's susceptibility to immunotherapy. Ongoing clinical trials are evaluating these innovative treatments, particularly in combination with immunotherapies, with the aim of enhancing clinical outcomes for CRC patients afflicted by pronounced matrix stiffness.
结直肠癌(CRC)肿瘤微环境(TME)中基质硬度的增加已成为免疫疗法效果的关键决定因素。本综述讨论了细胞外基质(ECM)的异常沉积和交联在增强基质硬度中的作用,这种现象不仅为肿瘤结构提供了支架,还有助于肿瘤致病性和免疫逃避。在此,我们对基质僵化对 CRC 免疫治疗的影响进行了批判性评估,重点关注基质僵化通过调节免疫细胞浸润、活化和功能表现而阻碍疗效的能力。综述探讨了基质僵化促使肿瘤演化的分子动力学,强调了整合素信号、癌相关成纤维细胞(CAFs)和上皮-间质转化(EMT)过程的重要作用。我们揭示了硬化的 ECM 对免疫效应细胞(主要是 T 细胞和巨噬细胞)的矛盾影响,这些细胞对免疫监视和免疫治疗策略的实施不可或缺,但却受到纤维化基质的明显限制。此外,我们还研究了基质僵化如何调节免疫检查点分子的表达,从而加剧TME内的免疫抑制环境并削弱免疫治疗效力。针对基质硬度的新兴治疗方案--包括基质调节剂、机械传导信号通路抑制剂和模拟 ECM 的先进生物材料--提供了增强免疫疗法反应性的新模式。通过改进 ECM 的生物力学属性,可以改善肿瘤基质构成的机械屏障,促进免疫细胞的强力渗透和活性,从而提高肿瘤对免疫疗法的敏感性。目前正在进行的临床试验正在评估这些创新疗法,特别是与免疫疗法的结合,目的是提高受基质僵化困扰的癌症患者的临床疗效。
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引用次数: 0
Belling the “cat”: Wnt/β-catenin signaling and its significance in future cancer therapies 唤醒 "猫":Wnt/β-catenin 信号转导及其在未来癌症疗法中的意义
IF 9.7 1区 医学 Q1 BIOCHEMISTRY & MOLECULAR BIOLOGY Pub Date : 2024-10-15 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbcan.2024.189195
Akansha Goyal , Satyajit Laxman Murkute , Sujoy Bhowmik , Chandra Prakash Prasad , Purusottam Mohapatra
The WNT/β-catenin is among one of the most extensively studied cellular signaling pathways involved in the initiation and progression of several deadly cancers. It is now understood that the WNT/β-catenin signaling, during tumor progression operates in a very complex fashion beyond the earlier assumed simple WNT ‘On’ or ‘Off’ mode as it recruits numerous WNT ligands, receptors, transcriptional factors and also cross-talks with other signaling molecules including the noncanonical WNT regulators. WNT/β-catenin signaling molecules are often mutated in different cancers which makes them very challenging to inhibit and sometimes ranks them among the undruggable targets. Furthermore, due to the evolutionary conservation of this pathway, inhibiting WNT/β-catenin has caused significant toxicity in normal cells. These challenges are reflected in clinical trial data, where the use of WNT/β-catenin inhibitors as standalone treatments remains limited. In this review, we have highlighted the crucial functional associations of diverse WNT/β-catenin signaling regulators with cancer progression and the phenotypic switching of tumor cells. Next, we have shed light on the roles of WNT/β-catenin signaling in drug resistance, clonal evolution, tumor heterogeneity, and immune evasion. The present review also focuses on various classes of routine and novel WNT/β-catenin therapeutic regimes while addressing the challenges associated with targeting the regulators of this complex pathway. In the light of multiple case studies on WNT/β-catenin inhibitors, we also highlighted the challenges and opportunities for future clinical trial strategies involving these treatments. Additionally, we have proposed strategies for future WNT/β-catenin-based drug discovery trials, emphasizing the potential of combination therapies and AI/ML-driven prediction approaches. Overall, here we showcased the opportunities, possibilities, and potentialities of WNT/β-catenin signaling modulatory therapeutic regimes as promising precision cancer medicines for the future.
WNT/β-catenin 是研究最广泛的细胞信号通路之一,它与多种致命癌症的发生和发展有关。现在人们已经了解到,在肿瘤进展过程中,WNT/β-catenin 信号以一种非常复杂的方式运行,超出了早先假定的简单 WNT "开 "或 "关 "模式,因为它招募了许多 WNT 配体、受体和转录因子,还与包括非经典 WNT 调节因子在内的其他信号分子发生交叉作用。在不同的癌症中,WNT/β-catenin 信号分子经常发生突变,这使得抑制它们非常具有挑战性,有时甚至将它们列为无法抑制的靶点。此外,由于该通路在进化过程中保持不变,抑制 WNT/β-catenin 会对正常细胞造成严重毒性。这些挑战反映在临床试验数据中,WNT/β-catenin抑制剂作为独立疗法的使用仍然有限。在这篇综述中,我们强调了多种 WNT/β-catenin 信号调节因子与癌症进展和肿瘤细胞表型转换的重要功能关联。接着,我们阐明了 WNT/β-catenin 信号在耐药性、克隆进化、肿瘤异质性和免疫逃避中的作用。本综述还重点介绍了各类常规和新型 WNT/β-catenin 治疗方案,同时探讨了靶向这一复杂通路的调节因子所面临的挑战。根据有关 WNT/β-catenin 抑制剂的多个案例研究,我们还强调了涉及这些疗法的未来临床试验策略所面临的挑战和机遇。此外,我们还提出了未来基于 WNT/β-catenin 的药物发现试验策略,强调了联合疗法和人工智能/ML 驱动的预测方法的潜力。总之,我们在此展示了 WNT/β-catenin 信号调节治疗方案作为未来有前途的精准癌症药物的机遇、可能性和潜力。
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引用次数: 0
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Biochimica et biophysica acta. Reviews on cancer
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