Pub Date : 2024-01-01DOI: 10.1016/j.bbcan.2023.189056
Michalina Jurkiewicz , Adrian Szczepaniak , Marta Zielińska
Colorectal cancer (CRC) ranks among the leading cancers in terms of incidence and mortality in the Western world. Currently, there are no sufficient diagnostic markers that would enable an early diagnosis and efficient therapy. Unfortunately, a significant number of new CRC cases is detected in late stages, with distant metastases, therefore, new therapeutic approaches, which would alleviate the prognosis for advanced stages of CRC, are highly in demand.
SNHG6 belongs to the group of long non-coding RNAs, which are a larger entity of RNAs consisting of >200 nucleotides. SNHG6 is expressed mainly in the cell cytoplasm, where it acts as a regulator of numerous processes: modulation of crucial protein hubs; sponging miRNAs and upregulating the expression of their target mRNAs; and interacting with various cellular pathways including TGF-β/Smad and Wnt/β-catenin. SNHG6 is an oncogene, substantially overexpressed in CRC tissues and cancerous cell lines as compared to healthy samples. Its overexpression is associated with higher grade, lymphovascular invasion and tumor size.
Taking into consideration the role of SNHG6 in the colorectal tumorigenesis, invasion and metastasis, we summarized its role in CRC and conclude that it could serve as a potential biomarker in CRC diagnosis and prognosis assessment.
{"title":"Long non-coding RNAs - SNHG6 emerge as potential marker in colorectal cancer","authors":"Michalina Jurkiewicz , Adrian Szczepaniak , Marta Zielińska","doi":"10.1016/j.bbcan.2023.189056","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.bbcan.2023.189056","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Colorectal cancer (CRC) ranks among the leading cancers in terms of incidence and mortality in the Western world. Currently, there are no sufficient diagnostic markers that would enable an early diagnosis and efficient therapy. Unfortunately, a significant number of new CRC cases is detected in late stages, with distant metastases, therefore, new therapeutic approaches, which would alleviate the prognosis for advanced stages of CRC, are highly in demand.</p><p><span><span>SNHG6<span> belongs to the group of long non-coding RNAs, which are a larger entity of RNAs consisting of >200 nucleotides. SNHG6 is expressed mainly in the cell cytoplasm, where it acts as a regulator of numerous processes: modulation of crucial protein hubs; sponging </span></span>miRNAs and upregulating the expression of their target mRNAs; and interacting with various cellular pathways including TGF-β/Smad and Wnt/β-catenin. SNHG6 is an </span>oncogene<span>, substantially overexpressed in CRC tissues and cancerous cell lines as compared to healthy samples. Its overexpression is associated with higher grade, lymphovascular invasion and tumor size.</span></p><p>Taking into consideration the role of SNHG6 in the colorectal tumorigenesis, invasion and metastasis, we summarized its role in CRC and conclude that it could serve as a potential biomarker in CRC diagnosis and prognosis assessment.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":8782,"journal":{"name":"Biochimica et biophysica acta. Reviews on cancer","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":11.2,"publicationDate":"2024-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"138688701","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-01-01DOI: 10.1016/j.bbcan.2023.189063
Amrendra Mishra , Giacomo Giuliani , Valter D. Longo
The composition and pattern of dietary intake have emerged as key factors influencing aging, regeneration, and consequently, healthspan and lifespan. Cancer is one of the major diseases more tightly linked with aging, and age-related mortality. Although the role of nutrition in cancer incidence is generally well established, we are far from a consensus on how diet influences tumour development in different tissues. In this review, we will discuss how diet and dietary restrictions affect cancer risk and the molecular mechanisms potentially responsible for their effects. We will cover calorie restriction, intermittent fasting, prolonged fasting, fasting-mimicking diet, time-restricted eating, ketogenic diet, high protein diet, Mediterranean diet, and the vegan and vegetarian diets.
{"title":"Nutrition and dietary restrictions in cancer prevention","authors":"Amrendra Mishra , Giacomo Giuliani , Valter D. Longo","doi":"10.1016/j.bbcan.2023.189063","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.bbcan.2023.189063","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>The composition and pattern of dietary intake have emerged as key factors influencing aging, regeneration, and consequently, healthspan<span> and lifespan. Cancer is one of the major diseases more tightly linked with aging, and age-related mortality. Although the role of nutrition in cancer incidence is generally well established, we are far from a consensus on how diet influences tumour development in different tissues. In this review, we will discuss how diet and dietary restrictions affect cancer risk and the molecular mechanisms potentially responsible for their effects. We will cover calorie restriction<span><span>, intermittent fasting, prolonged fasting, fasting-mimicking diet, time-restricted eating, </span>ketogenic diet, high protein diet, Mediterranean diet, and the vegan and vegetarian diets.</span></span></p></div>","PeriodicalId":8782,"journal":{"name":"Biochimica et biophysica acta. Reviews on cancer","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":11.2,"publicationDate":"2024-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139035261","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-01-01DOI: 10.1016/j.bbcan.2023.189068
Yixuan Liu , Qijia Yan , Zhaoyang Zeng , Chunmei Fan , Wei Xiong
Cancer vaccines, designed to activate the body's own immune system to fight against tumors, are a current trend in cancer treatment and receiving increasing attention. Cancer vaccines mainly include oncolytic virus vaccine, cell vaccine, peptide vaccine and nucleic acid vaccine. Over the course of decades of research, oncolytic virus vaccine T-VEC, cellular vaccine sipuleucel-T, various peptide vaccines, and DNA vaccine against HPV positive cervical cancer have brought encouraging results for cancer therapy, but are losing momentum in development due to their respective shortcomings. In contrast, the advantages of mRNA vaccines such as high safety, ease of production, and unmatched efficacy are on full display. In addition, advances in technology such as pseudouridine modification have cracked down the bottleneck for developing mRNA vaccines including instability, innate immunogenicity, and low efficiency of in vivo delivery. Several cancer mRNA vaccines have achieved promising results in clinical trials, and their usage in conjunction with other immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) has further boosted the efficiency of anti-tumor immune response. We expect a rapid development of mRNA vaccines for cancer immunotherapy in the near future. This review provides a brief overview of the current status of mRNA vaccines, highlights the action mechanism of cancer mRNA vaccines, their recent advances in clinical trials, and prospects for their clinical applications.
{"title":"Advances and prospects of mRNA vaccines in cancer immunotherapy","authors":"Yixuan Liu , Qijia Yan , Zhaoyang Zeng , Chunmei Fan , Wei Xiong","doi":"10.1016/j.bbcan.2023.189068","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.bbcan.2023.189068","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p><span>Cancer vaccines, designed to activate the body's own immune system to fight against tumors, are a current trend in cancer treatment and receiving increasing attention. Cancer vaccines mainly include oncolytic virus<span><span><span> vaccine, cell vaccine, peptide vaccine and </span>nucleic acid<span><span> vaccine. Over the course of decades of research, oncolytic virus vaccine T-VEC, cellular vaccine sipuleucel-T, various peptide vaccines, and DNA<span> vaccine against HPV positive cervical cancer have brought encouraging results for cancer therapy, but are losing momentum in development due to their respective shortcomings. In contrast, the advantages of mRNA vaccines such as high safety, ease of production, and unmatched efficacy are on full display. In addition, advances in technology such as </span></span>pseudouridine modification have cracked down the bottleneck for developing mRNA vaccines including instability, innate </span></span>immunogenicity, and low efficiency of in vivo delivery. Several cancer mRNA vaccines have achieved promising results in </span></span>clinical trials<span>, and their usage in conjunction with other immune checkpoint inhibitors<span> (ICIs) has further boosted the efficiency of anti-tumor immune response. We expect a rapid development of mRNA vaccines for cancer immunotherapy in the near future. This review provides a brief overview of the current status of mRNA vaccines, highlights the action mechanism of cancer mRNA vaccines, their recent advances in clinical trials, and prospects for their clinical applications.</span></span></p></div>","PeriodicalId":8782,"journal":{"name":"Biochimica et biophysica acta. Reviews on cancer","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":11.2,"publicationDate":"2024-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139089669","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-01-01DOI: 10.1016/j.bbcan.2023.189065
Mohana Chakkera , Jeremy B. Foote , Batoul Farran , Ganji Purnachandra Nagaraju
Pancreatic cancer (PC) remains a leading cause of mortality worldwide due to the absence of early detection methods and the low success rates of traditional therapeutic strategies. Drug resistance in PC is driven by its desmoplastic stroma, which creates a barrier that shields cancer niches and prevents the penetration of drugs. The PC stroma comprises heterogeneous cellular populations and non-cellular components involved in aberrant ECM deposition, immunosuppression, and drug resistance. These components can influence PC development through intricate and complex crosstalk with the PC cells. Understanding how stromal components and cells interact with and influence the invasiveness and refractoriness of PC cells is thus a prerequisite for developing successful stroma-modulating strategies capable of remodeling the PC stroma to alleviate drug resistance and enhance therapeutic outcomes. In this review, we explore how non-cellular and cellular stromal components, including cancer-associated fibroblasts and tumor-associated macrophages, contribute to the immunosuppressive and tumor-promoting effects of the stroma. We also examine the signaling pathways underlying their activation, tumorigenic effects, and interactions with PC cells. Finally, we discuss recent pre-clinical and clinical work aimed at developing and testing novel stroma-modulating agents to alleviate drug resistance and improve therapeutic outcomes in PC.
由于缺乏早期检测方法和传统治疗策略的成功率较低,胰腺癌(PC)仍然是导致全球死亡的主要原因。胰腺癌的耐药性是由其脱膜基质驱动的,脱膜基质会形成一道屏障,保护癌症龛位并阻止药物渗透。PC 基质由异质性细胞群和非细胞成分组成,参与 ECM 的异常沉积、免疫抑制和耐药性。这些成分可通过与 PC 细胞之间错综复杂的相互作用影响 PC 的发育。因此,了解基质成分和细胞如何与 PC 细胞相互作用并影响其侵袭性和耐药性是开发成功的基质调节策略的先决条件,这些策略能够重塑 PC 基质,从而减轻耐药性并提高治疗效果。在这篇综述中,我们将探讨非细胞和细胞基质成分(包括癌症相关成纤维细胞和肿瘤相关巨噬细胞)如何促进基质的免疫抑制和肿瘤促进作用。我们还研究了它们激活、致瘤效应以及与 PC 细胞相互作用的信号通路。最后,我们将讨论近期旨在开发和测试新型基质调节药物的临床前和临床工作,以减轻耐药性并改善 PC 的治疗效果。
{"title":"Breaking the stromal barrier in pancreatic cancer: Advances and challenges","authors":"Mohana Chakkera , Jeremy B. Foote , Batoul Farran , Ganji Purnachandra Nagaraju","doi":"10.1016/j.bbcan.2023.189065","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.bbcan.2023.189065","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p><span><span>Pancreatic cancer (PC) remains a leading cause of mortality worldwide due to the absence of early detection methods and the low success rates of traditional therapeutic strategies. Drug resistance in PC is driven by its desmoplastic </span>stroma, which creates a barrier that shields cancer niches and prevents the penetration of </span>drugs<span><span>. The PC stroma comprises heterogeneous cellular populations and non-cellular components involved in aberrant ECM<span> deposition, immunosuppression, and drug resistance. These components can influence PC development through intricate and complex crosstalk with the PC cells. Understanding how stromal components and cells interact with and influence the invasiveness and refractoriness of PC cells is thus a prerequisite for developing successful stroma-modulating strategies capable of remodeling the PC stroma to alleviate drug resistance and enhance therapeutic outcomes. In this review, we explore how non-cellular and cellular stromal components, including cancer-associated fibroblasts and tumor-associated macrophages, contribute to the </span></span>immunosuppressive<span> and tumor-promoting effects of the stroma. We also examine the signaling pathways underlying their activation, tumorigenic effects, and interactions with PC cells. Finally, we discuss recent pre-clinical and clinical work aimed at developing and testing novel stroma-modulating agents to alleviate drug resistance and improve therapeutic outcomes in PC.</span></span></p></div>","PeriodicalId":8782,"journal":{"name":"Biochimica et biophysica acta. Reviews on cancer","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":11.2,"publicationDate":"2024-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139068021","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-01-01DOI: 10.1016/j.bbcan.2023.189064
Oscar Hernán Rodríguez-Bejarano , Leonardo Roa , Giovanni Vargas-Hernández , Lucía Botero-Espinosa , Carlos Parra-López , Manuel Alfonso Patarroyo
The tumour microenvironment (TME) is usually defined as a cell environment associated with tumours or cancerous stem cells where conditions are established affecting tumour development and progression through malignant cell interaction with non-malignant cells. The TME is made up of endothelial, immune and non-immune cells, extracellular matrix (ECM) components and signalling molecules acting specifically on tumour and non-tumour cells. Breast cancer (BC) is the commonest malignant neoplasm worldwide and the main cause of mortality in women globally; advances regarding BC study and understanding it are relevant for acquiring novel, personalised therapeutic tools. Studying canine mammary gland tumours (CMGT) is one of the most relevant options for understanding BC using animal models as they share common epidemiological, clinical, pathological, biological, environmental, genetic and molecular characteristics with human BC. In-depth, detailed investigation regarding knowledge of human BC-related TME and in its canine model is considered extremely relevant for understanding changes in TME composition during tumour development. This review addresses important aspects concerned with different methods used for studying BC- and CMGT-related TME that are important for developing new and more effective therapeutic strategies for attacking a tumour during specific evolutionary stages.
肿瘤微环境(TME)通常被定义为与肿瘤或癌症干细胞相关的细胞环境,在这种环境中,通过恶性细胞与非恶性细胞的相互作用,形成影响肿瘤发生和发展的条件。TME由内皮细胞、免疫细胞和非免疫细胞、细胞外基质(ECM)成分以及专门作用于肿瘤细胞和非肿瘤细胞的信号分子组成。乳腺癌(BC)是世界上最常见的恶性肿瘤,也是全球妇女死亡的主要原因。犬乳腺肿瘤(CMGT)与人类乳腺癌具有共同的流行病学、临床、病理、生物学、环境、遗传和分子特征,因此研究犬乳腺肿瘤(CMGT)是利用动物模型了解乳腺癌的最佳选择之一。深入、详细地研究与人类 BC 相关的 TME 及其犬类模型,对于了解肿瘤发生过程中 TME 组成的变化极为重要。本综述探讨了用于研究 BC 和 CMGT 相关 TME 的不同方法的重要方面,这些方法对于开发新的、更有效的治疗策略,在特定的进化阶段攻克肿瘤非常重要。
{"title":"Strategies for studying immune and non-immune human and canine mammary gland cancer tumour infiltrate","authors":"Oscar Hernán Rodríguez-Bejarano , Leonardo Roa , Giovanni Vargas-Hernández , Lucía Botero-Espinosa , Carlos Parra-López , Manuel Alfonso Patarroyo","doi":"10.1016/j.bbcan.2023.189064","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.bbcan.2023.189064","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p><span>The tumour microenvironment (TME) is usually defined as a cell environment associated with tumours or cancerous stem cells where conditions are established affecting tumour development and progression through malignant </span>cell interaction<span><span> with non-malignant cells. The TME is made up of endothelial, immune and non-immune cells, extracellular matrix<span> (ECM) components and signalling molecules acting specifically on tumour and non-tumour cells. Breast cancer (BC) is the commonest malignant neoplasm worldwide and the main cause of mortality in women globally; advances regarding BC study and understanding it are relevant for acquiring novel, personalised therapeutic tools. Studying canine mammary gland tumours (CMGT) is one of the most relevant options for understanding BC using animal models<span> as they share common epidemiological, clinical, pathological, biological, environmental, genetic and molecular characteristics with human BC. In-depth, detailed investigation regarding knowledge of human BC-related TME and in its </span></span></span>canine model is considered extremely relevant for understanding changes in TME composition during tumour development. This review addresses important aspects concerned with different methods used for studying BC- and CMGT-related TME that are important for developing new and more effective therapeutic strategies for attacking a tumour during specific evolutionary stages.</span></p></div>","PeriodicalId":8782,"journal":{"name":"Biochimica et biophysica acta. Reviews on cancer","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":11.2,"publicationDate":"2024-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139056140","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-12-30DOI: 10.1016/j.bbcan.2023.189067
Inês Tavares , Mariana Morais , Francisca Dias , Rui Medeiros , Ana Luísa Teixeira
Prostate cancer (PC) is the second most frequently diagnosed cancer and the fifth leading cause of cancer-related deaths in male population worldwide. Since the growth and progression of PC highly depend on the androgen pathway, androgen deprivation therapy (ADT) is the mainstay of systemic treatment. Enzalutamide is a second-generation antiandrogen, which is widely used for the treatment of advanced and metastatic PC. However, treatment failure and disease progression, caused by the emergence of enzalutamide resistant phenotypes, remains an important clinical challenge. MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are key regulators of gene expression and have recently emerged as potential biomarkers for being stable and easily analysed in several biological fluids. Several miRNAs that exhibit dysregulated expression patterns in enzalutamide-resistant PC have recently been identified, including miRNAs that modulate critical signalling pathways and genes involved in PC growth, survival and in the acquisition of enzalutamide phenotype. The understanding of molecular mechanisms by which miRNAs promote the development of enzalutamide resistance can provide valuable insights into the complex interplay between miRNAs, gene regulation, and treatment response in PC. Moreover, these miRNAs could serve as valuable tools for monitoring treatment response and disease progression during enzalutamide administration. This review summarises the miRNAs associated with enzalutamide resistance in PC already described in the literature, focusing on their biological roles and on their potential as biomarkers.
前列腺癌(PC)是全球第二大高发癌症,也是导致男性癌症相关死亡的第五大原因。由于前列腺癌的生长和进展高度依赖雄激素通路,因此雄激素剥夺疗法(ADT)是全身治疗的主要手段。恩杂鲁胺是第二代抗雄激素药物,被广泛用于治疗晚期和转移性PC。然而,恩杂鲁胺耐药表型的出现导致的治疗失败和疾病进展仍是一项重要的临床挑战。微小RNA(miRNA)是基因表达的关键调控因子,最近因其在多种生物液体中稳定且易于分析而成为潜在的生物标记物。最近发现了几种在恩杂鲁胺耐药 PC 中表现出表达模式失调的 miRNA,包括调节关键信号通路的 miRNA,以及参与 PC 生长、存活和获得恩杂鲁胺表型的基因。了解 miRNA 促进恩杂鲁胺耐药性发生的分子机制,可以为了解 miRNA、基因调控和 PC 治疗反应之间复杂的相互作用提供宝贵的见解。此外,这些 miRNA 可作为恩杂鲁胺用药期间监测治疗反应和疾病进展的重要工具。本综述总结了文献中已描述的与恩扎鲁胺耐药相关的miRNA,重点介绍了它们的生物学作用及其作为生物标志物的潜力。
{"title":"Deregulated miRNAs in enzalutamide resistant prostate cancer: A comprehensive review of key molecular alterations and clinical outcomes","authors":"Inês Tavares , Mariana Morais , Francisca Dias , Rui Medeiros , Ana Luísa Teixeira","doi":"10.1016/j.bbcan.2023.189067","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.bbcan.2023.189067","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p><span>Prostate cancer<span> (PC) is the second most frequently diagnosed cancer and the fifth leading cause of cancer-related deaths in male population worldwide. Since the growth and progression of PC highly depend on the androgen pathway, androgen deprivation therapy<span> (ADT) is the mainstay of systemic treatment. </span></span></span>Enzalutamide<span> is a second-generation antiandrogen<span><span>, which is widely used for the treatment of advanced and metastatic PC. However, treatment failure and disease progression, caused by the emergence of enzalutamide resistant phenotypes, remains an important clinical challenge. </span>MicroRNAs<span> (miRNAs) are key regulators of gene expression and have recently emerged as potential biomarkers for being stable and easily analysed in several biological fluids. Several miRNAs that exhibit dysregulated expression patterns in enzalutamide-resistant PC have recently been identified, including miRNAs that modulate critical signalling pathways and genes involved in PC growth, survival and in the acquisition of enzalutamide phenotype. The understanding of molecular mechanisms by which miRNAs promote the development of enzalutamide resistance can provide valuable insights into the complex interplay between miRNAs, gene regulation, and treatment response in PC. Moreover, these miRNAs could serve as valuable tools for monitoring treatment response and disease progression during enzalutamide administration. This review summarises the miRNAs associated with enzalutamide resistance in PC already described in the literature, focusing on their biological roles and on their potential as biomarkers.</span></span></span></p></div>","PeriodicalId":8782,"journal":{"name":"Biochimica et biophysica acta. Reviews on cancer","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":11.2,"publicationDate":"2023-12-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139068024","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-12-30DOI: 10.1016/j.bbcan.2023.189066
Chenlin Ye , Nan Jiang , Jing Zheng , Shumeng Zhang , Jingchen Zhang , Jianya Zhou
Decitabine's early successful therapeutic outcomes in hematologic malignancies have led to regulatory approvals from the Food and Drug Administration (FDA) and the European Medicines Agency (EMA) for addressing myelodysplastic syndromes (MDS) and acute myeloid leukemia (AML). These approvals have sparked keen interest in exploring the potential of decitabine for treating solid tumors. Continuous preclinical and clinical trials have proved that low doses of decitabine also bring benefits in treating solid tumors, and various proposed mechanisms attempt to explain the potential efficacy. It is important to note that the application of decitabine in solid tumors is still considered investigational. This article reviews the application mechanism and current status of decitabine in the treatment of solid tumors.
{"title":"Epigenetic therapy: Research progress of decitabine in the treatment of solid tumors","authors":"Chenlin Ye , Nan Jiang , Jing Zheng , Shumeng Zhang , Jingchen Zhang , Jianya Zhou","doi":"10.1016/j.bbcan.2023.189066","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.bbcan.2023.189066","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Decitabine's<span><span><span> early successful therapeutic outcomes in hematologic malignancies have led to regulatory approvals from the Food and Drug Administration (FDA) and the European Medicines Agency (EMA) for addressing myelodysplastic syndromes (MDS) and </span>acute myeloid leukemia<span> (AML). These approvals have sparked keen interest in exploring the potential of decitabine for treating solid tumors. Continuous preclinical and </span></span>clinical trials<span> have proved that low doses of decitabine also bring benefits in treating solid tumors, and various proposed mechanisms attempt to explain the potential efficacy. It is important to note that the application of decitabine in solid tumors is still considered investigational. This article reviews the application mechanism and current status of decitabine in the treatment of solid tumors.</span></span></p></div>","PeriodicalId":8782,"journal":{"name":"Biochimica et biophysica acta. Reviews on cancer","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":11.2,"publicationDate":"2023-12-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139076190","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-12-28DOI: 10.1016/j.bbcan.2023.189057
Anqi Chen , Jialu Li , Nianxuan Shen , Haifeng Huang , Qinglei Hang
Several clinical trials and experimental studies have recently shown that vitamin K (VK) supplementation benefits the human body. Specifically, VK participates in coagulation and is associated with cellular senescence and cancer. VK has a potential anticancer effect in various cancers, such as pancreatic and prostate cancers. Through anti-inflammatory and antioxidant effects, VK can prevent senescence and inhibit cancer metastasis. Therefore, cancer prognosis can be improved by preventing cellular senescence. In addition, VK can inhibit the proliferation, growth, and differentiation of cancer cells through various mechanisms, including induction of c-myc and c-fos genes, regulation of B-cell lymphoma-2 (Bcl-2) and p21 genes, and angiogenesis inhibition. This review aims to discuss the relationship among VK, cellular senescence, and cancer metastasis and thus may improve comprehension of the specific functions of VK in human health. The potential application of VK as an adjuvant therapy for cancer (or in combination with traditional chemotherapy drugs or other vitamins) has also been highlighted.
最近的一些临床试验和实验研究表明,补充维生素 K(VK)对人体有益。具体来说,VK 参与凝血,与细胞衰老和癌症有关。维生素 K 对胰腺癌和前列腺癌等多种癌症具有潜在的抗癌作用。通过抗炎和抗氧化作用,VK 可以防止衰老并抑制癌症转移。因此,通过防止细胞衰老可以改善癌症预后。此外,VK 还能通过多种机制抑制癌细胞的增殖、生长和分化,包括诱导 c-myc 和 c-fos 基因、调节 B 细胞淋巴瘤-2(Bcl-2)和 p21 基因以及抑制血管生成。本综述旨在讨论 VK、细胞衰老和癌症转移之间的关系,从而提高人们对 VK 在人类健康中的特定功能的理解。此外,还强调了 VK 作为癌症辅助疗法(或与传统化疗药物或其他维生素结合使用)的潜在应用。
{"title":"Vitamin K: New insights related to senescence and cancer metastasis","authors":"Anqi Chen , Jialu Li , Nianxuan Shen , Haifeng Huang , Qinglei Hang","doi":"10.1016/j.bbcan.2023.189057","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.bbcan.2023.189057","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p><span>Several clinical trials<span><span><span><span><span> and experimental studies have recently shown that vitamin K (VK) supplementation benefits the human body. Specifically, VK participates in coagulation and is associated with </span>cellular senescence and cancer. VK has a potential </span>anticancer<span> effect in various cancers, such as pancreatic and prostate cancers. Through anti-inflammatory and antioxidant effects, VK can prevent senescence and inhibit cancer metastasis. Therefore, </span></span>cancer prognosis can be improved by preventing cellular senescence. In addition, VK can inhibit the proliferation, growth, and differentiation of </span>cancer cells through various mechanisms, including induction of </span></span><em>c-myc</em> and <em>c-fos</em> genes, regulation of B-cell lymphoma-2 (<em>Bcl-2)</em> and <span><em>p21</em></span><span><span> genes, and angiogenesis inhibition<span>. This review aims to discuss the relationship among VK, cellular senescence, and cancer metastasis and thus may improve comprehension of the specific functions of VK in human health. The potential application of VK as an adjuvant therapy for cancer (or in combination with traditional chemotherapy </span></span>drugs or other vitamins) has also been highlighted.</span></p></div>","PeriodicalId":8782,"journal":{"name":"Biochimica et biophysica acta. Reviews on cancer","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":11.2,"publicationDate":"2023-12-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139068530","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-12-28DOI: 10.1016/j.bbcan.2023.189062
Otília Menyhárt , Balázs Győrffy
Renewed interest in tumor metabolism sparked an enthusiasm for dietary interventions to prevent and treat cancer. Changes in diet impact circulating nutrient levels in the plasma and the tumor microenvironment, and preclinical studies suggest that dietary approaches, including caloric and nutrient restrictions, can modulate tumor initiation, progression, and metastasis. Cancers are heterogeneous in their metabolic dependencies and preferred energy sources and can be addicted to glucose, fructose, amino acids, or lipids for survival and growth. This dependence is influenced by tumor type, anatomical location, tissue of origin, aberrant signaling, and the microenvironment.
This review summarizes nutrient dependencies and the related signaling pathway activations that provide targets for nutritional interventions. We examine popular dietary approaches used as adjuvants to anticancer therapies, encompassing caloric restrictions, including time-restricted feeding, intermittent fasting, fasting-mimicking diets (FMDs), and nutrient restrictions, notably the ketogenic diet. Despite promising results, much of the knowledge on dietary restrictions comes from in vitro and animal studies, which may not accurately reflect real-life situations. Further research is needed to determine the optimal duration, timing, safety, and efficacy of dietary restrictions for different cancers and treatments. In addition, well-designed human trials are necessary to establish the link between specific metabolic vulnerabilities and targeted dietary interventions. However, low patient compliance in clinical trials remains a significant challenge.
{"title":"Dietary approaches for exploiting metabolic vulnerabilities in cancer","authors":"Otília Menyhárt , Balázs Győrffy","doi":"10.1016/j.bbcan.2023.189062","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.bbcan.2023.189062","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Renewed interest in tumor metabolism sparked an enthusiasm for dietary interventions to prevent and treat cancer. Changes in diet impact circulating nutrient levels in the plasma and the tumor microenvironment, and preclinical studies suggest that dietary approaches, including caloric and nutrient restrictions, can modulate tumor initiation, progression, and metastasis. Cancers are heterogeneous in their metabolic dependencies and preferred energy sources and can be addicted to glucose, fructose, amino acids, or lipids for survival and growth. This dependence is influenced by tumor type, anatomical location, tissue of origin, aberrant signaling, and the microenvironment.</p><p>This review summarizes nutrient dependencies and the related signaling pathway activations that provide targets for nutritional interventions. We examine popular dietary approaches used as adjuvants to anticancer therapies, encompassing caloric restrictions, including time-restricted feeding, intermittent fasting, fasting-mimicking diets (FMDs), and nutrient restrictions, notably the ketogenic diet. Despite promising results, much of the knowledge on dietary restrictions comes from in vitro and animal studies, which may not accurately reflect real-life situations. Further research is needed to determine the optimal duration, timing, safety, and efficacy of dietary restrictions for different cancers and treatments. In addition, well-designed human trials are necessary to establish the link between specific metabolic vulnerabilities and targeted dietary interventions. However, low patient compliance in clinical trials remains a significant challenge.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":8782,"journal":{"name":"Biochimica et biophysica acta. Reviews on cancer","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":11.2,"publicationDate":"2023-12-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0304419X23002111/pdfft?md5=52fe2e76b1328abdee7d0041f15d8ab5&pid=1-s2.0-S0304419X23002111-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139067784","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-12-25DOI: 10.1016/j.bbcan.2023.189060
Dagmara Dymerska, Anna A. Marusiak
Cancer and its metastases arise from mutations of genes, drivers that promote a tumor's growth. Analyses of driver events provide insights into cancer cell history and may lead to a better understanding of oncogenesis. We reviewed 27 metastatic research studies, including pan-cancer studies, individual cancer studies, and phylogenetic analyses, and summarized our current knowledge of metastatic drivers. All of the analyzed studies had a high level of consistency of driver mutations between primary tumors and metastasis, indicating that most drivers appear early in cancer progression and are maintained in metastatic cells. Additionally, we reviewed data from around 50,000 metastatic cancer patients and compiled a list of genes altered in metastatic lesions. We performed Gene Ontology analysis and confirmed that the most significantly enriched processes in metastatic lesions were the epigenetic regulation of gene expression, signal transduction, cell cycle, programmed cell death, DNA damage, hypoxia and EMT. In this review, we explore the most recent discoveries regarding genetic factors in the advancement of cancer, specifically those that drive metastasis.
{"title":"Drivers of cancer metastasis – Arise early and remain present","authors":"Dagmara Dymerska, Anna A. Marusiak","doi":"10.1016/j.bbcan.2023.189060","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.bbcan.2023.189060","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Cancer and its metastases arise from mutations of genes, drivers that promote a tumor's growth. Analyses of driver events provide insights into cancer cell history and may lead to a better understanding of oncogenesis. We reviewed 27 metastatic research studies, including pan-cancer studies, individual cancer studies, and phylogenetic analyses, and summarized our current knowledge of metastatic drivers. All of the analyzed studies had a high level of consistency of driver mutations between primary tumors and metastasis, indicating that most drivers appear early in cancer progression and are maintained in metastatic cells. Additionally, we reviewed data from around 50,000 metastatic cancer patients and compiled a list of genes altered in metastatic lesions. We performed Gene Ontology analysis and confirmed that the most significantly enriched processes in metastatic lesions were the epigenetic regulation of gene expression, signal transduction, cell cycle, programmed cell death, DNA damage, hypoxia and EMT. In this review, we explore the most recent discoveries regarding genetic factors in the advancement of cancer, specifically those that drive metastasis.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":8782,"journal":{"name":"Biochimica et biophysica acta. Reviews on cancer","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":11.2,"publicationDate":"2023-12-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0304419X23002093/pdfft?md5=960d89e487341d67f7ef5a389f12a3ed&pid=1-s2.0-S0304419X23002093-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139049911","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}