Pub Date : 2021-03-30DOI: 10.1080/0005772X.2021.1892998
M. Donders, Belen Labra, Jorge Chávez, Jorge Tapia-Merino, Orlando Muñoz
Spray drying consists of transforming feed slurry into dried particulate form by spraying it with a hot drying medium, generally air (Goula and Adamopoulos 2008). This technology has applications i...
{"title":"Spray-Dried Honey Powder as a Sweetener: Sensory Characterization","authors":"M. Donders, Belen Labra, Jorge Chávez, Jorge Tapia-Merino, Orlando Muñoz","doi":"10.1080/0005772X.2021.1892998","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/0005772X.2021.1892998","url":null,"abstract":"Spray drying consists of transforming feed slurry into dried particulate form by spraying it with a hot drying medium, generally air (Goula and Adamopoulos 2008). This technology has applications i...","PeriodicalId":8783,"journal":{"name":"Bee World","volume":"48 1","pages":"136 - 141"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-03-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"88374791","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-03-29DOI: 10.1080/0005772x.2021.1910771
R. Brodschneider
This issue picks up an omnipresent topic in beekeeping: The varroa mite, and if and how colonies of the Western honey bee in Europe can live with this parasite. With or without being treated with chemicals. We already presented this topic in 2018 in Bee World, Volume 95, Issue 2, and it turned out that the articles of Tjeerd Blacquière & Delphine Panziera and John McMullan became the two most frequently downloaded articles in Bee World! Each article was downloaded around 6000 times from the journal website at Taylor and Francis. According to the usage counting there, my editorial with the title “Varroa—to treat or not to treat?” was the most frequently downloaded editorial in Bee World ever! Consequently, we decided to provide an update on this topic of high interest.
{"title":"Varroa Survival and Control Revisited","authors":"R. Brodschneider","doi":"10.1080/0005772x.2021.1910771","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/0005772x.2021.1910771","url":null,"abstract":"This issue picks up an omnipresent topic in beekeeping: The varroa mite, and if and how colonies of the Western honey bee in Europe can live with this parasite. With or without being treated with chemicals. We already presented this topic in 2018 in Bee World, Volume 95, Issue 2, and it turned out that the articles of Tjeerd Blacquière & Delphine Panziera and John McMullan became the two most frequently downloaded articles in Bee World! Each article was downloaded around 6000 times from the journal website at Taylor and Francis. According to the usage counting there, my editorial with the title “Varroa—to treat or not to treat?” was the most frequently downloaded editorial in Bee World ever! Consequently, we decided to provide an update on this topic of high interest.","PeriodicalId":8783,"journal":{"name":"Bee World","volume":"96 1","pages":"37 - 37"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-03-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"81749662","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-03-11DOI: 10.1080/0005772X.2021.1883909
Syama Praveen, C. V. Sreeranjitkumar
Queen-rearing is one of major objectives of commercial beekeepers to maintain colonies (Morse, 1994). Worker bees are capable of raising a new queen mainly for colony reproduction or emergency queen-rearing to replace a failing or missing queen (Seeley, 1985). Sudden decline in queen mandibular pheromone availability induces supersedure (Fell & Morse, 1984; Pettis et al., 1995). Rearing of queen bees can be performed in queenright colonies and queenless colonies, however a higher effectiveness can be achieved in queenless colonies (Morse, 1994). Queen-rearing in queenright colonies utilizes frames of brood raised above a queen excluder in a strong colony and grafting 12-18 h old larvae into queen cell cups next to the brood in the upper chamber (Wilkinson & Brown, 2002). The factors that determine the rearing of queens are the age of the transferred larvae, the number of young worker bees available in the colony, availability of food, number of drones etc. In addition, the quality of the resulting queen is determined by various factors such as weather conditions, availability of nectar and pollen, and even grafting methods play key role in the rearing of good quality queens (Kaftanoglu & Kumova, 1992). During grafting, worker larvae are kept in artificial queen cups and placed in queenless colonies for acceptance. Doolittle (1889) developed a successful method of rearing queens in Apis mellifera colonies by grafting larvae. The queen cells with larvae were accepted, fed, and finished in queenright colonies without a queenless period. Laidlaw (1979) and Laidlaw and Page (1997) described the general principles of a queenright starter-finisher method for queen-rearing in A. mellifera colonies. This method is commonly used to commercially produce royal jelly or queens. The objective of the present study is to develop a suitable method of queen-rearing in queenless colonies of Apis cerana without grafting larvae.
{"title":"Multiple Queen-Rearing in Queenless Colonies of the Asian Honey Bee Apis cerana","authors":"Syama Praveen, C. V. Sreeranjitkumar","doi":"10.1080/0005772X.2021.1883909","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/0005772X.2021.1883909","url":null,"abstract":"Queen-rearing is one of major objectives of commercial beekeepers to maintain colonies (Morse, 1994). Worker bees are capable of raising a new queen mainly for colony reproduction or emergency queen-rearing to replace a failing or missing queen (Seeley, 1985). Sudden decline in queen mandibular pheromone availability induces supersedure (Fell & Morse, 1984; Pettis et al., 1995). Rearing of queen bees can be performed in queenright colonies and queenless colonies, however a higher effectiveness can be achieved in queenless colonies (Morse, 1994). Queen-rearing in queenright colonies utilizes frames of brood raised above a queen excluder in a strong colony and grafting 12-18 h old larvae into queen cell cups next to the brood in the upper chamber (Wilkinson & Brown, 2002). The factors that determine the rearing of queens are the age of the transferred larvae, the number of young worker bees available in the colony, availability of food, number of drones etc. In addition, the quality of the resulting queen is determined by various factors such as weather conditions, availability of nectar and pollen, and even grafting methods play key role in the rearing of good quality queens (Kaftanoglu & Kumova, 1992). During grafting, worker larvae are kept in artificial queen cups and placed in queenless colonies for acceptance. Doolittle (1889) developed a successful method of rearing queens in Apis mellifera colonies by grafting larvae. The queen cells with larvae were accepted, fed, and finished in queenright colonies without a queenless period. Laidlaw (1979) and Laidlaw and Page (1997) described the general principles of a queenright starter-finisher method for queen-rearing in A. mellifera colonies. This method is commonly used to commercially produce royal jelly or queens. The objective of the present study is to develop a suitable method of queen-rearing in queenless colonies of Apis cerana without grafting larvae.","PeriodicalId":8783,"journal":{"name":"Bee World","volume":"10 1","pages":"121 - 123"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-03-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"91378634","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-03-04DOI: 10.1080/0005772X.2021.1874698
Taposhi Hazra, Sandip More, Mamata Murmu, Sumana Mahato, N. Ghorai, S. Bera, M. Khan
Tetragonula iridipennis, belonging to the family Apidae under subfamily Apinae, are known as stingless bees as they do not have sting apparatus (Rasmussen, 2013; Muthuraman et al., 2013). They are also called dammar bees as they construct numerous elliptical cells for storing pollen and honey by using a special material called “cerumen” consisting of wax and resin (Muthuraman et al., 2013). Dammar bees show low level of social organisation as compared to that of true honey bees (Muthuraman et al., 2013). Their small size (2 to 16 mm) allows them to access many kinds of flowers whose openings are too narrow to permit their access (Heard, 1999). These small bees generally nest in permanent colonies in undisturbed and dark areas like hollows or crevices in old walls and logs (Gajanan, 2005; Wille, 1983). Their nest usually has a small cryptic entrance without any external entrance for further activity of the workers (Gloag et al., 2008). The stingless bees make less honey compared to honey bees and are widely distributed in diverse tropical regions of India (Vijayakumar et al., 2013; Vijayakumar & Jeyaraaj, 2016).
iridipennis，隶属于Apinae亚科下的Apidae科，被称为无刺蜂，因为它们没有刺器(Rasmussen, 2013;Muthuraman et al.， 2013)。它们也被称为达玛蜂，因为它们使用一种由蜡和树脂组成的特殊材料“耵聍”构建了许多椭圆形的细胞来储存花粉和蜂蜜(Muthuraman et al.， 2013)。与真蜜蜂相比，达玛蜜蜂表现出较低的社会组织水平(Muthuraman et al.， 2013)。它们的小尺寸(2到16毫米)使它们能够接触到许多种类的花，这些花的开口太窄，不允许它们进入(Heard, 1999)。这些小蜜蜂通常在未受干扰和黑暗的地方筑巢，如旧墙和原木的空洞或裂缝(Gajanan, 2005;威利,1983)。它们的巢穴通常有一个隐蔽的小入口，没有任何外部入口供工蚁进一步活动(Gloag et al.， 2008)。与蜜蜂相比，无刺蜜蜂产的蜂蜜更少，广泛分布在印度的不同热带地区(Vijayakumar et al.， 2013;Vijayakumar & Jeyaraaj, 2016)。
{"title":"Palynological Characterization of Stingless Bee Tetragonula iridipennis Smith (Hymenoptera: Apidae: Meliponini) Honey from Chotanagpur Plateau, Eastern India","authors":"Taposhi Hazra, Sandip More, Mamata Murmu, Sumana Mahato, N. Ghorai, S. Bera, M. Khan","doi":"10.1080/0005772X.2021.1874698","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/0005772X.2021.1874698","url":null,"abstract":"Tetragonula iridipennis, belonging to the family Apidae under subfamily Apinae, are known as stingless bees as they do not have sting apparatus (Rasmussen, 2013; Muthuraman et al., 2013). They are also called dammar bees as they construct numerous elliptical cells for storing pollen and honey by using a special material called “cerumen” consisting of wax and resin (Muthuraman et al., 2013). Dammar bees show low level of social organisation as compared to that of true honey bees (Muthuraman et al., 2013). Their small size (2 to 16 mm) allows them to access many kinds of flowers whose openings are too narrow to permit their access (Heard, 1999). These small bees generally nest in permanent colonies in undisturbed and dark areas like hollows or crevices in old walls and logs (Gajanan, 2005; Wille, 1983). Their nest usually has a small cryptic entrance without any external entrance for further activity of the workers (Gloag et al., 2008). The stingless bees make less honey compared to honey bees and are widely distributed in diverse tropical regions of India (Vijayakumar et al., 2013; Vijayakumar & Jeyaraaj, 2016).","PeriodicalId":8783,"journal":{"name":"Bee World","volume":"C-17 1","pages":"89 - 93"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-03-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"85044389","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-02-27DOI: 10.1080/0005772X.2021.1896196
J. V. D. van der Steen, Flemming Vejsnæs
Introduction Adequate varroa control is a tool to reduce winter losses (Le Conte et al., 2010; Dainat et al., 2012; Rosenkranz et al., 2010). As beekeepers still fail to choose and implement varroa control methods, there is a need for a better understanding of the mode of action and consequences of the various control methods. This article provides an overview of varroa treatment and provides beekeepers with background information to make varroa control an integral part of beekeeping management. Each control has its efficacy, depending on in-hive conditions. Generally, a combination of control methods appears to be the most effective for year-round low varroa infestation pressure.
适当的瓦螨控制是减少冬季损失的工具(Le Conte et al.， 2010;Dainat et al.， 2012;Rosenkranz et al.， 2010)。由于养蜂人仍然无法选择和实施控制瓦螨的方法，因此有必要更好地了解各种控制方法的作用方式和后果。本文概述了瓦螨的治疗，并为养蜂人提供了背景信息，使瓦螨控制成为养蜂管理的一个组成部分。每种控制都有其功效，这取决于蜂巢内的条件。一般来说，结合多种防治方法对全年低varroa侵扰压力最有效。
{"title":"Varroa Control: A Brief Overview of Available Methods","authors":"J. V. D. van der Steen, Flemming Vejsnæs","doi":"10.1080/0005772X.2021.1896196","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/0005772X.2021.1896196","url":null,"abstract":"Introduction Adequate varroa control is a tool to reduce winter losses (Le Conte et al., 2010; Dainat et al., 2012; Rosenkranz et al., 2010). As beekeepers still fail to choose and implement varroa control methods, there is a need for a better understanding of the mode of action and consequences of the various control methods. This article provides an overview of varroa treatment and provides beekeepers with background information to make varroa control an integral part of beekeeping management. Each control has its efficacy, depending on in-hive conditions. Generally, a combination of control methods appears to be the most effective for year-round low varroa infestation pressure.","PeriodicalId":8783,"journal":{"name":"Bee World","volume":"137 1","pages":"50 - 56"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-02-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"80276801","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-02-05DOI: 10.1080/0005772X.2021.1885199
C. Schouten, J. Caldeira
Introduction Beekeeping for the purposes of improving rural household incomes has increasingly been promoted in low and middle income countries in the past decade (Bradbear, 2009; Schouten, 2020). Beekeeping is arguably one of the most mutualistic and regenerative forms of agriculture globally, contributes to social and cultural heritage values and provides important pollination services for crops and natural forest ecosystems (Crane, 1999; Schouten et al., 2019). There are many income generating opportunities within beekeeping industries including sales of beekeeping inputs such as queen bees, nucleus colonies, bee boxes, veils, gloves, frames, wax foundation, rental of bee colonies for crop pollination, sales of honey, beeswax and propolis (Schouten, Lloyd, Alexanderson et al., 2020). Additional income opportunities exist from providing beekeeping support services such as honey collection and extension services offered by government organizations and non-government organizations (GOs and NGOs), and private sector beekeeping workshops and training.
在过去十年中，以提高农村家庭收入为目的的养蜂业在低收入和中等收入国家得到了越来越多的推广(Bradbear, 2009;斯考滕,2020)。养蜂可以说是全球最具互补性和可再生性的农业形式之一，有助于社会和文化遗产价值，并为作物和天然林生态系统提供重要的授粉服务(Crane, 1999;Schouten et al.， 2019)。养蜂业有许多创收机会，包括销售养蜂投入物，如蜂王、核心蜂群、蜂箱、面纱、手套、框架、蜡基、出租蜂群用于作物授粉、销售蜂蜜、蜂蜡和蜂胶(Schouten, Lloyd, alexander等人，2020)。提供养蜂支持服务，如由政府组织和非政府组织(GOs和ngo)提供的蜂蜜采集和推广服务，以及私营部门的养蜂讲习班和培训，都有额外的收入机会。
{"title":"Improving the Effectiveness of Beekeeping Training: A Case Study of Beekeeping Instructors in Fiji","authors":"C. Schouten, J. Caldeira","doi":"10.1080/0005772X.2021.1885199","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/0005772X.2021.1885199","url":null,"abstract":"Introduction Beekeeping for the purposes of improving rural household incomes has increasingly been promoted in low and middle income countries in the past decade (Bradbear, 2009; Schouten, 2020). Beekeeping is arguably one of the most mutualistic and regenerative forms of agriculture globally, contributes to social and cultural heritage values and provides important pollination services for crops and natural forest ecosystems (Crane, 1999; Schouten et al., 2019). There are many income generating opportunities within beekeeping industries including sales of beekeeping inputs such as queen bees, nucleus colonies, bee boxes, veils, gloves, frames, wax foundation, rental of bee colonies for crop pollination, sales of honey, beeswax and propolis (Schouten, Lloyd, Alexanderson et al., 2020). Additional income opportunities exist from providing beekeeping support services such as honey collection and extension services offered by government organizations and non-government organizations (GOs and NGOs), and private sector beekeeping workshops and training.","PeriodicalId":8783,"journal":{"name":"Bee World","volume":"101 1","pages":"57 - 62"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-02-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"80845525","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-02-05DOI: 10.1080/0005772X.2021.1885792
R. Dall’Olio, C. Garrido
The term “honey bees” applies to the group of species belonging to the genus Apis. Despite some debates still ongoing on its geographical origin, their natural distribution covers Africa, the Saudi peninsula and Europe, with most of its diversity in Asia. They are generalist pollinators, securing their services to different natural ecosystems ranging from the Equator to the border with both Polar Circles. The most studied honey bee is undoubtedly the Western honey bee, also known as European honey bee, Apis mellifera. Therefore, in the following paragraphs, we use the name “honey bee” as a synonym of A. mellifera, if not differently specified.
{"title":"Free-Living Colonies: Trick or Treat?","authors":"R. Dall’Olio, C. Garrido","doi":"10.1080/0005772X.2021.1885792","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/0005772X.2021.1885792","url":null,"abstract":"The term “honey bees” applies to the group of species belonging to the genus Apis. Despite some debates still ongoing on its geographical origin, their natural distribution covers Africa, the Saudi peninsula and Europe, with most of its diversity in Asia. They are generalist pollinators, securing their services to different natural ecosystems ranging from the Equator to the border with both Polar Circles. The most studied honey bee is undoubtedly the Western honey bee, also known as European honey bee, Apis mellifera. Therefore, in the following paragraphs, we use the name “honey bee” as a synonym of A. mellifera, if not differently specified.","PeriodicalId":8783,"journal":{"name":"Bee World","volume":"268 1","pages":"44 - 46"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-02-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"73582577","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-01-31DOI: 10.1080/0005772X.2021.1882783
Melissa A. Y. Oddie, B. Dahle
Introduction Varroa destructor shook the beekeeping world when it hit. The parasite, once it made the jump onto Apis mellifera, was quick to breed itself out of control (Rosenkranz et al., 2010; Traynor et al., 2020). As if the new parasite was not enough, it also developed the potential to vector common viruses. Once those viruses had an easy way to infect bees quickly and thoroughly, the problem became a lethal one (Dainat et al., 2012; Dietemann et al., 2012). The incredible thing about the natural world though, is its ability to shift back to a state of equilibrium after a large disturbance, with species adapting to one another to find some form of novel balance between them. This is exactly what Western honey bees have done.
瓦罗亚破坏者的到来震惊了养蜂界。这种寄生虫一旦跳到蜜蜂身上，就会迅速繁殖失控(Rosenkranz et al.， 2010;Traynor等人，2020)。似乎这种新的寄生虫还不够，它还发展出了传播普通病毒的潜力。一旦这些病毒有了快速而彻底地感染蜜蜂的简单方法，问题就变成了致命的问题(Dainat et al.， 2012;Dietemann et al.， 2012)。然而，自然界令人难以置信的是，它有能力在大的扰动之后恢复到平衡状态，物种相互适应，在它们之间找到某种新的平衡。这正是西方蜜蜂所做的。
{"title":"Insights from Norway: Using Natural Adaptation to Breed Varroa-Resistant Honey Bees","authors":"Melissa A. Y. Oddie, B. Dahle","doi":"10.1080/0005772X.2021.1882783","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/0005772X.2021.1882783","url":null,"abstract":"Introduction Varroa destructor shook the beekeeping world when it hit. The parasite, once it made the jump onto Apis mellifera, was quick to breed itself out of control (Rosenkranz et al., 2010; Traynor et al., 2020). As if the new parasite was not enough, it also developed the potential to vector common viruses. Once those viruses had an easy way to infect bees quickly and thoroughly, the problem became a lethal one (Dainat et al., 2012; Dietemann et al., 2012). The incredible thing about the natural world though, is its ability to shift back to a state of equilibrium after a large disturbance, with species adapting to one another to find some form of novel balance between them. This is exactly what Western honey bees have done.","PeriodicalId":8783,"journal":{"name":"Bee World","volume":"43 1","pages":"38 - 43"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-01-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"86625038","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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