Rahul Banerjee, Bharti, Pankaj Das, Ankita, Bulbul Ahmed
Millets, the earliest domesticated grains since the Indus Valley Civilization (3000 B.C.), are renowned as “Hardy Cereals” for their drought resilience and minimal irrigation requirements. Millets are nutritionally rich in protein, vitamins and minerals. As per the 2016-17 report of the Ministry of Agriculture and Farmers Welfare, India, the area under the cultivation of millets in India has reduced by 60% (14.72 million hectares). Despite the manifold benefits associated with millet cultivation, farmers face significant challenges, primarily stemming from the inadequate infrastructure required for processing, lack of extension services and marketing millets. The government is making efforts to increase millets production through various promotional campaigns such as the National Millets Year and International Millets Year. In this article we have attempted to illustrate the millet scenario in world and in India with the analysis of the trends in area, production and productivity of the major and the minor millets of the country.
{"title":"Trend Analysis of the Changing Landscape in the Area and Production of Millet Cultivation in India: A Review","authors":"Rahul Banerjee, Bharti, Pankaj Das, Ankita, Bulbul Ahmed","doi":"10.18805/bkap720","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.18805/bkap720","url":null,"abstract":"Millets, the earliest domesticated grains since the Indus Valley Civilization (3000 B.C.), are renowned as “Hardy Cereals” for their drought resilience and minimal irrigation requirements. Millets are nutritionally rich in protein, vitamins and minerals. As per the 2016-17 report of the Ministry of Agriculture and Farmers Welfare, India, the area under the cultivation of millets in India has reduced by 60% (14.72 million hectares). Despite the manifold benefits associated with millet cultivation, farmers face significant challenges, primarily stemming from the inadequate infrastructure required for processing, lack of extension services and marketing millets. The government is making efforts to increase millets production through various promotional campaigns such as the National Millets Year and International Millets Year. In this article we have attempted to illustrate the millet scenario in world and in India with the analysis of the trends in area, production and productivity of the major and the minor millets of the country.","PeriodicalId":8784,"journal":{"name":"Bhartiya Krishi Anusandhan Patrika","volume":" 100","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-04-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140684970","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
V. Samatha, S. U. Maheswari, B. Manasa, V. Ramadevi, G. Kamalakar, S. B. Jahnavi
Background: A Desi fowl with a nodular growth on the skin of the left lateral aspect of the breast region was presented to VCC, NTR CVSC, Gannavaram. The mass was excised surgically and collected for histopathology and ultrastructural studies. Grossly, the tissue appeared as a white nodular growth, but was cheesy on the cut section. Methods: Fixation and processing of tissue growth for histopathology was done as per routine procedures. The special stains like PAS was carried out to demonstrate the fungal hyphae. Scanning electron microscopy was used to determine the morphology of fungal hyphae. Result: Histopathological sections revealed caseous necrotic centres with numerous fungal hyphae surrounded by polymorphonuclears, macrophages and Langerhans giant cells. Fungal hyphae in tissue sections measured 9-10 µm on micrometry indicating zygomycetes phylum. These pyogranulomatous lesions revealed pinkish red, broad, rarely septate fungal hyphae on PAS staining. Branched fungal hyphae along with attached terminal spores to few hyphae were evident on scanning electron microscopy (SEM).
背景：一只乳房左外侧皮肤上长有结节的德西鸡被送往甘纳瓦拉姆的 NTR CVSC VCC。手术切除了肿块，并收集肿块进行组织病理学和超微结构研究。从外观上看，组织呈白色结节状生长，但切片呈干酪状。研究方法按照常规程序固定和处理组织病理学生长组织。采用 PAS 等特殊染色法显示真菌菌丝。扫描电子显微镜用于确定真菌菌丝的形态。结果：组织病理切片显示，病例坏死中心有大量真菌菌丝，周围有多形核、巨噬细胞和朗格汉斯巨细胞。组织切片中的真菌菌丝在显微镜下的测量值为 9-10 微米，表明为子囊菌门。这些化脓性病变在 PAS 染色后显示出粉红色、宽大、很少有隔膜的真菌菌丝。扫描电子显微镜（SEM）显示，真菌菌丝分枝，末端孢子附着在少数菌丝上。
{"title":"Mycotic Granuloma on the Skin of a Desi Fowl: A Case Report","authors":"V. Samatha, S. U. Maheswari, B. Manasa, V. Ramadevi, G. Kamalakar, S. B. Jahnavi","doi":"10.18805/bkap711","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.18805/bkap711","url":null,"abstract":"Background: A Desi fowl with a nodular growth on the skin of the left lateral aspect of the breast region was presented to VCC, NTR CVSC, Gannavaram. The mass was excised surgically and collected for histopathology and ultrastructural studies. Grossly, the tissue appeared as a white nodular growth, but was cheesy on the cut section. Methods: Fixation and processing of tissue growth for histopathology was done as per routine procedures. The special stains like PAS was carried out to demonstrate the fungal hyphae. Scanning electron microscopy was used to determine the morphology of fungal hyphae. Result: Histopathological sections revealed caseous necrotic centres with numerous fungal hyphae surrounded by polymorphonuclears, macrophages and Langerhans giant cells. Fungal hyphae in tissue sections measured 9-10 µm on micrometry indicating zygomycetes phylum. These pyogranulomatous lesions revealed pinkish red, broad, rarely septate fungal hyphae on PAS staining. Branched fungal hyphae along with attached terminal spores to few hyphae were evident on scanning electron microscopy (SEM).","PeriodicalId":8784,"journal":{"name":"Bhartiya Krishi Anusandhan Patrika","volume":" 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-04-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140682732","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
In recent years, there has been a growing push for deregulation in India’s agricultural sector, with proponents advocating for the removal of barriers to promote trade, efficiency and price discovery. This led to the proposal of three Farm Reforms in September 2020. However, these reforms faced significant opposition from farmers and farmer organizations, sparking debates on the success of neoliberal reforms in sustainable resource development. There is a recognition of the private sector’s potential contribution to sustainable agricultural development, but balancing this with safeguarding farmers’ interests is crucial. The study employed a qualitative systematic assessment methodology, drawing from secondary sources such as government publications, scholarly journals, online articles, newspapers, and organizational websites involved in agricultural marketing development in India. Emphasis was placed on reports and recommendations concerning agricultural marketing reforms and policies in India, particularly in the context of farmers’ protests. The paper presents a comprehensive analysis of the conflict between farmers and the government over neoliberal agricultural policies in India. It delves into the reasons behind farmers’ protests against these policies and reforms, while also examining the linkages between neoliberal reforms and Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs). Both farmers’ and government’s perspectives regarding neoliberal agricultural reforms are explored, highlighting the complexities and challenges inherent in reconciling competing interests in the sector.
{"title":"Government Versus Farmers’: A Conflict Over the Neo Liberal Agricultural Reforms in India: A Review","authors":"Ritika Gautam","doi":"10.18805/bkap683","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.18805/bkap683","url":null,"abstract":"In recent years, there has been a growing push for deregulation in India’s agricultural sector, with proponents advocating for the removal of barriers to promote trade, efficiency and price discovery. This led to the proposal of three Farm Reforms in September 2020. However, these reforms faced significant opposition from farmers and farmer organizations, sparking debates on the success of neoliberal reforms in sustainable resource development. There is a recognition of the private sector’s potential contribution to sustainable agricultural development, but balancing this with safeguarding farmers’ interests is crucial. The study employed a qualitative systematic assessment methodology, drawing from secondary sources such as government publications, scholarly journals, online articles, newspapers, and organizational websites involved in agricultural marketing development in India. Emphasis was placed on reports and recommendations concerning agricultural marketing reforms and policies in India, particularly in the context of farmers’ protests. The paper presents a comprehensive analysis of the conflict between farmers and the government over neoliberal agricultural policies in India. It delves into the reasons behind farmers’ protests against these policies and reforms, while also examining the linkages between neoliberal reforms and Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs). Both farmers’ and government’s perspectives regarding neoliberal agricultural reforms are explored, highlighting the complexities and challenges inherent in reconciling competing interests in the sector.\u0000","PeriodicalId":8784,"journal":{"name":"Bhartiya Krishi Anusandhan Patrika","volume":" 46","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-04-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140691034","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Now a day’s human do not follow proper diet and life style as they do not perform any physical activity and consuming more fast food as a result they suffer from many life style disorders. So nutritious diet and physical activity play a key role in maintaining good health. Balanced diet should contain fresh fruits, fresh vegetables, whole grains, legumes, nuts, lean proteins etc. In ayurveda food (ahar) is considered as a medicine (aushadh). After digestion this food nourishes all the tissues (Dhatus) of the body in proper way. So we should always eat healthy food. Due to higher nutrients content of Millets we should include Millets in our diet. It is improving gastrointestinal health, blood lipid profile and blood glucose clearance. It is boon for celiac disorder and diabetes as it contains minimal gluten and low glycemic index. Primary source of data is pub med, Google scholar and various peer reviewed journals, previous studies conducted on similar subject at different universities and other research centers. Millets have many beneficial effects on our body so it should be included in our diet on daily basis.
{"title":"Millets and its Importance: A Review","authors":"Divya, G.P. Garg","doi":"10.18805/bkap688","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.18805/bkap688","url":null,"abstract":"Now a day’s human do not follow proper diet and life style as they do not perform any physical activity and consuming more fast food as a result they suffer from many life style disorders. So nutritious diet and physical activity play a key role in maintaining good health. Balanced diet should contain fresh fruits, fresh vegetables, whole grains, legumes, nuts, lean proteins etc. In ayurveda food (ahar) is considered as a medicine (aushadh). After digestion this food nourishes all the tissues (Dhatus) of the body in proper way. So we should always eat healthy food. Due to higher nutrients content of Millets we should include Millets in our diet. It is improving gastrointestinal health, blood lipid profile and blood glucose clearance. It is boon for celiac disorder and diabetes as it contains minimal gluten and low glycemic index. Primary source of data is pub med, Google scholar and various peer reviewed journals, previous studies conducted on similar subject at different universities and other research centers. Millets have many beneficial effects on our body so it should be included in our diet on daily basis.","PeriodicalId":8784,"journal":{"name":"Bhartiya Krishi Anusandhan Patrika","volume":" 38","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-04-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140690890","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
To ensure the food and nutritional security of the burgeoning global population, food production needs to be doubled in developing countries by 2050. Currently, 30-40% of agriculture production predominantly relies on chemical fertilizers. Precise crop nutrition, low nutrient efficiency, maintaining soil fertility, less damage to soil flora and minimal environmental footprint are the major challenges in modern agriculture. Recent developments in the application of nanotechnology to produce agriculture inputs emerged as a sustainable solution for addressing the challenges in modern intensive agriculture by replacing synthetic bulk fertilizers with their nanoparticle size ( less than 100 nm), superior properties and smart delivery system. Nano fertilizers had the potential to fulfill the requirements of plant nutrition along with imparting sustainability in crop production without compromising the yield of the crops. Some of the current research studies have been reviewed in this paper with citation and these results showed that nano fertilizers have a substantial effect on plant growth, development and physiological parameters including chlorophyll content and photosynthetic activity, it depends on their composition, method and time of application. Their enhanced nutrient use efficiency, correlated with mitigating greenhouse gas emissions. Hence evolving as a cutting-edge approach for sustainable agriculture in climate change is enlightened in this review.
{"title":"Nano Fertilizers: New Vistas towards Sustainable Agriculture and Climate Change Mitigation: A Review","authors":"R.T. Chethan Babu, Magan Singh, N.S. Mavarkar, B.R. Praveen, S. Sudarshan","doi":"10.18805/bkap703","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.18805/bkap703","url":null,"abstract":"To ensure the food and nutritional security of the burgeoning global population, food production needs to be doubled in developing countries by 2050. Currently, 30-40% of agriculture production predominantly relies on chemical fertilizers. Precise crop nutrition, low nutrient efficiency, maintaining soil fertility, less damage to soil flora and minimal environmental footprint are the major challenges in modern agriculture. Recent developments in the application of nanotechnology to produce agriculture inputs emerged as a sustainable solution for addressing the challenges in modern intensive agriculture by replacing synthetic bulk fertilizers with their nanoparticle size ( less than 100 nm), superior properties and smart delivery system. Nano fertilizers had the potential to fulfill the requirements of plant nutrition along with imparting sustainability in crop production without compromising the yield of the crops. Some of the current research studies have been reviewed in this paper with citation and these results showed that nano fertilizers have a substantial effect on plant growth, development and physiological parameters including chlorophyll content and photosynthetic activity, it depends on their composition, method and time of application. Their enhanced nutrient use efficiency, correlated with mitigating greenhouse gas emissions. Hence evolving as a cutting-edge approach for sustainable agriculture in climate change is enlightened in this review.\u0000","PeriodicalId":8784,"journal":{"name":"Bhartiya Krishi Anusandhan Patrika","volume":"44 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-04-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140700269","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Aquaculture is a fast-growing animal food-producing industry in India. With the growing human population, dependence on aquaculture to provide a proteinaceous and economical supply of food has increased. The use of antibiotics is becoming increasingly widespread in the aquaculture industry to provide a protein-rich food supply, which is having negative impacts on human populations. As the benefits of medicinal herbs become clear, the use of antibiotics can be reduced gradually. Various medicinal herbs are known to have excellent some properties, such as antiviral, antibacterial and antifungal activity, enhancing fish growth, etc. The purpose of this paper is to provide the latest scientific information on the application of medicinal herbs in aquaculture sectors as well as to review the potential problems and recommendations for the application of medicinal herbs in aquaculture.
{"title":"Application of Herbal Medicine in Aquaculture Sector for the Control of Fish Disease and Growth Performance: A Review","authors":"T. Shah, Madhu Sharma, Daisy Rani, Avdhesh Kumar","doi":"10.18805/bkap680","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.18805/bkap680","url":null,"abstract":"Aquaculture is a fast-growing animal food-producing industry in India. With the growing human population, dependence on aquaculture to provide a proteinaceous and economical supply of food has increased. The use of antibiotics is becoming increasingly widespread in the aquaculture industry to provide a protein-rich food supply, which is having negative impacts on human populations. As the benefits of medicinal herbs become clear, the use of antibiotics can be reduced gradually. Various medicinal herbs are known to have excellent some properties, such as antiviral, antibacterial and antifungal activity, enhancing fish growth, etc. The purpose of this paper is to provide the latest scientific information on the application of medicinal herbs in aquaculture sectors as well as to review the potential problems and recommendations for the application of medicinal herbs in aquaculture.\u0000","PeriodicalId":8784,"journal":{"name":"Bhartiya Krishi Anusandhan Patrika","volume":"5 11","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-04-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140712637","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Background: The loss of vegetables is immense which is accrued to its perishability and sub optimal level of post-harvest management. There is a technological gap in adoption of harvesting and post-harvesting practices by farmers. There is sparse qualitative and quantitative assessment of post-harvest losses of vegetables in Punjab. The objective of the study is to identify the operation and channel where the losses are crossing the threshold, to estimate the extent of losses and characterize them at various post-harvest operations and levels for selected vegetables in Punjab and to analyse the factors responsible for post-harvest losses. Methods: The sample in survey location consisted of all the stakeholders of supply chain network for vegetables in the state of Punjab, India. The stakeholders consisted of farmers, wholesalers and retailers. The study adopted cluster sampling technique. The clusters selected for the study were Nakodar, Malerkotla and Baba Bakala Sahib and the vegetables selected for the study were potato, pea, tomato, okra and cauliflower. Further snowball sampling technique was used to select 80 farmers from each cluster, making up a total sample of 240 farmers and one reference each for wholesaler and retailer was identified in every cluster. Then using snowball technique, 2 wholesalers and 10 retailers were selected from each cluster. Thus, making total sample of 10 wholesalers and 30 retailers were selected for the study. The instrument used for the data collection was a structured interview schedule. The one-way ANOVA and Tukey’s Honest Significant Difference test were employed to understand the significant difference in post-harvest losses between the selected vegetables and along the supply chain. Result: The results revealed that the maximum losses were observed in tomato crop at farm level (17.71%) and retailer level (30.10%) whereas at wholesaler level maximum losses were recorded in pea (8.19%). The extent of losses at farm level has been higher as compared to wholesaler level and it was highest at the retailer level. At farmer’s level it was observed that there have been significantly higher losses in tomato crop (17.7±13.35). At retailer level, significantly higher losses were observed in tomato (30.10±15.80) whereas at wholesaler level, significantly higher losses occurred in pea (12.29±3.15). There was no significant difference in losses between farmer and retailer level. Major cause of loss reported by tomato growers (88.6%) was infestation of fruits with disease and insect. Main reason of post-harvest losses in okra and cauliflower as stated by farmers were bruises/blackening and over maturity. Since the findings reveal that the major losses in the supply chain of vegetables was due to lack adoption of harvest and post-harvest practices at farmer’s level. It is suggested that field level training should be imparted to farmers regarding post-harvest management techniques.
{"title":"Characterization of Post-harvest Losses along the Supply Chain of Vegetables in Punjab","authors":"Jashleen Kaur Sidhu, Lopamudra Mohapatra, Davinder Singh","doi":"10.18805/bkap706","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.18805/bkap706","url":null,"abstract":"Background: The loss of vegetables is immense which is accrued to its perishability and sub optimal level of post-harvest management. There is a technological gap in adoption of harvesting and post-harvesting practices by farmers. There is sparse qualitative and quantitative assessment of post-harvest losses of vegetables in Punjab. The objective of the study is to identify the operation and channel where the losses are crossing the threshold, to estimate the extent of losses and characterize them at various post-harvest operations and levels for selected vegetables in Punjab and to analyse the factors responsible for post-harvest losses. Methods: The sample in survey location consisted of all the stakeholders of supply chain network for vegetables in the state of Punjab, India. The stakeholders consisted of farmers, wholesalers and retailers. The study adopted cluster sampling technique. The clusters selected for the study were Nakodar, Malerkotla and Baba Bakala Sahib and the vegetables selected for the study were potato, pea, tomato, okra and cauliflower. Further snowball sampling technique was used to select 80 farmers from each cluster, making up a total sample of 240 farmers and one reference each for wholesaler and retailer was identified in every cluster. Then using snowball technique, 2 wholesalers and 10 retailers were selected from each cluster. Thus, making total sample of 10 wholesalers and 30 retailers were selected for the study. The instrument used for the data collection was a structured interview schedule. The one-way ANOVA and Tukey’s Honest Significant Difference test were employed to understand the significant difference in post-harvest losses between the selected vegetables and along the supply chain. Result: The results revealed that the maximum losses were observed in tomato crop at farm level (17.71%) and retailer level (30.10%) whereas at wholesaler level maximum losses were recorded in pea (8.19%). The extent of losses at farm level has been higher as compared to wholesaler level and it was highest at the retailer level. At farmer’s level it was observed that there have been significantly higher losses in tomato crop (17.7±13.35). At retailer level, significantly higher losses were observed in tomato (30.10±15.80) whereas at wholesaler level, significantly higher losses occurred in pea (12.29±3.15). There was no significant difference in losses between farmer and retailer level. Major cause of loss reported by tomato growers (88.6%) was infestation of fruits with disease and insect. Main reason of post-harvest losses in okra and cauliflower as stated by farmers were bruises/blackening and over maturity. Since the findings reveal that the major losses in the supply chain of vegetables was due to lack adoption of harvest and post-harvest practices at farmer’s level. It is suggested that field level training should be imparted to farmers regarding post-harvest management techniques.\u0000","PeriodicalId":8784,"journal":{"name":"Bhartiya Krishi Anusandhan Patrika","volume":"13 4","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-04-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140716032","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Cow dung and urine have been used as natural fertilizers and pesticides for centuries in India and recent scientific research has confirmed their effectiveness in promoting sustainable agriculture. Cow dung is a rich source of organic matter, essential nutrients such as nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium and beneficial microorganisms that can enhance soil fertility and plant growth. On the other hand, cow urine contains high levels of nitrogen, urea and minerals that make it a potent fertilizer and pest repellent. Currently, there is growing research attention towards exploring the potential applications of cow dung and urine for sustainable agriculture. This study highlights the various uses of cow dung and urine, including their role in transforming from chemical to natural farming, converting fallow to fertile land and promoting sustainable agriculture to develop a healthier and more harmonious relationship between humans and the environment.
{"title":"Revitalizing Agriculture: Role of Cow Dung and Urine in Promoting Sustainability","authors":"Dhananjay Patra, Nalin Bharti","doi":"10.18805/bkap696","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.18805/bkap696","url":null,"abstract":"Cow dung and urine have been used as natural fertilizers and pesticides for centuries in India and recent scientific research has confirmed their effectiveness in promoting sustainable agriculture. Cow dung is a rich source of organic matter, essential nutrients such as nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium and beneficial microorganisms that can enhance soil fertility and plant growth. On the other hand, cow urine contains high levels of nitrogen, urea and minerals that make it a potent fertilizer and pest repellent. Currently, there is growing research attention towards exploring the potential applications of cow dung and urine for sustainable agriculture. This study highlights the various uses of cow dung and urine, including their role in transforming from chemical to natural farming, converting fallow to fertile land and promoting sustainable agriculture to develop a healthier and more harmonious relationship between humans and the environment.\u0000","PeriodicalId":8784,"journal":{"name":"Bhartiya Krishi Anusandhan Patrika","volume":"122 19","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-03-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140370259","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Background: The nutritional value of feed is often of poor quality and seasonal supply erratic resulting in low levels of the carrying capacity of pastures. Local pasture needs to be managed and recorded for their existence because they are a valuable source of feed cheap and easy to obtain: botanical, chemical composition and carrying capacity, of grasses and legumes is being investigated. Methods: A survey and measurements direct observation in field. Measuring forage production using the “Actual Weight Estimate” method to obtain total forage production, botanical composition and carrying capacity. Chemical composition tested by Weende analysis. Result: Grasses species are dominant at Dotik while Legume at Fatucahi. The carrying capaicity is higher at Dotik but chemical comptotion of the forages is tend to similar at both areas.
{"title":"Productive Performance of Local Pasture in Manufahi District, East Timor","authors":"B.A. Correia, Yuliaty, L.T. Correia, L. Tavares, J.D.C. Freitas, A.M.D.C.G. Noronha, M.D.C.de. Carvalho","doi":"10.18805/bkap666","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.18805/bkap666","url":null,"abstract":"Background: The nutritional value of feed is often of poor quality and seasonal supply erratic resulting in low levels of the carrying capacity of pastures. Local pasture needs to be managed and recorded for their existence because they are a valuable source of feed cheap and easy to obtain: botanical, chemical composition and carrying capacity, of grasses and legumes is being investigated. Methods: A survey and measurements direct observation in field. Measuring forage production using the “Actual Weight Estimate” method to obtain total forage production, botanical composition and carrying capacity. Chemical composition tested by Weende analysis. Result: Grasses species are dominant at Dotik while Legume at Fatucahi. The carrying capaicity is higher at Dotik but chemical comptotion of the forages is tend to similar at both areas.\u0000","PeriodicalId":8784,"journal":{"name":"Bhartiya Krishi Anusandhan Patrika","volume":"40 6","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-03-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140376942","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
S. Mahalakshmi, S. Malavika, T.R. Sindhuja, K. L. Priya
Pearl millet (Pennisetum glaucum), also called bajra, is an important cereal crop cultivated in the tropics. It is a very hardy crop and can adapt to even very low rainfall. This review paper deals with the discussion of nutraceutical, functional properties and antidiabetic properties of pearl millet. Pearl millet is popular for its nutraceutical property. The bioactive compounds present in pearl millet indicate the efficacy and capacity of the nutraceutical property present in pearl millet. Several products prepared from pearl millet flour were found to induce low glycemic index when compared to wheat flour and many of the few acids present, produced antioxidant activity. Different types of sweet, savoury food products and beverages prepared from pearl millet grains and their flours provide higher potential due to their profound nutritional benefits which include rich dietary fibres, minerals and high protein content. As a result of being a viable low cost crop with several added benefits such as lower incidence of developing mycotoxins, resistance to high temperatures and low rainfall requirements pearl millet is an accessible alternative for consumers in need of highly nutritious, low priced and sustainable food products.
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