S.S. Dana, C. Mazumder, S. Sau, R. Karjee, M. R. Sarkar
Background: Mud crab (Scylla serrata) farming offers better prospects for all sections of rural people, particularly those who have a poor land base and an abundant labour force. It offers reliable incomes to both small and large farming operations, but there are several barriers to crab farming that limit its potential. Methods: The present study was conducted in three randomly selected villages of Gosaba block in the South 24-Parganas district of West Bengal, which has the highest concentration of crab farmers. Three villages from the Lahiripur Gram Panchayat area of Gosaba block were selected by simple random sampling without replacement technique. A total of 60 crab farmers were randomly selected for the present study. Data were collected with the help of a specially constructed structured interview schedule and non-participant observational technique. Result: The findings of the study showed that the majority (61.67%) of the respondents practiced traditional crab culture techniques and 83.33 per cent preferred the November-February months of the year as an ideal time for crab farming. A good number of respondents (68.33%) reported that they collected seeds from wild sources, i.e., swamps and deserted water bodies. It was conspicuous from the present study that the majority of the respondents used Puntias sp. as supplementary feed. The major diseases of crabs in the study area were ulcers on carapace, necrosis of appendages and fungal diseases and they applied lime and potassium permanganate (KMnO4) to get rid of these diseases. Lack of crab seeds emerged as a prime constraint, followed by marketing problems, transport problems, credit problems and problems related to diseases.
{"title":"Present Status, Constraints and Potentials of Mud-crab Culture in West Bengal","authors":"S.S. Dana, C. Mazumder, S. Sau, R. Karjee, M. R. Sarkar","doi":"10.18805/bkap616","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.18805/bkap616","url":null,"abstract":"Background: Mud crab (Scylla serrata) farming offers better prospects for all sections of rural people, particularly those who have a poor land base and an abundant labour force. It offers reliable incomes to both small and large farming operations, but there are several barriers to crab farming that limit its potential. Methods: The present study was conducted in three randomly selected villages of Gosaba block in the South 24-Parganas district of West Bengal, which has the highest concentration of crab farmers. Three villages from the Lahiripur Gram Panchayat area of Gosaba block were selected by simple random sampling without replacement technique. A total of 60 crab farmers were randomly selected for the present study. Data were collected with the help of a specially constructed structured interview schedule and non-participant observational technique. Result: The findings of the study showed that the majority (61.67%) of the respondents practiced traditional crab culture techniques and 83.33 per cent preferred the November-February months of the year as an ideal time for crab farming. A good number of respondents (68.33%) reported that they collected seeds from wild sources, i.e., swamps and deserted water bodies. It was conspicuous from the present study that the majority of the respondents used Puntias sp. as supplementary feed. The major diseases of crabs in the study area were ulcers on carapace, necrosis of appendages and fungal diseases and they applied lime and potassium permanganate (KMnO4) to get rid of these diseases. Lack of crab seeds emerged as a prime constraint, followed by marketing problems, transport problems, credit problems and problems related to diseases.\u0000","PeriodicalId":8784,"journal":{"name":"Bhartiya Krishi Anusandhan Patrika","volume":"31 5","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-01-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139527255","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Water is the most important commodity of this large ecological system. Looking to the scarcity/ rareness and importance of pure water, water is an intrusive and the most important factor for the genesis of all the living organism, flora and fauna. All lives are dependent on water. It is the priceless gift of nature and is present in a very limited quantity. Its use should be judicious considering the national development and conservation for future. Looking to the current data total water available from precipitation the country is about 4000 Billon cubic meter. The availability from surface water and replenishable ground water is 1869 BCM. Out of this only 60% of this available water i.e. 1122 BCM (Surface Water 690 BCM and Ground water 432 BCM) can be used and may be considered as available water resource of the country. One more point to be noted is that water is not available uniformly at all places and at all time. In India more then 50% of Urban and Industrial water supply, more than 85% of rural drinking water supply and more than 50% irrigation requirement is dependent on Ground water. In many parts of the country water is being taken out more rapidly from the water wearing formations as compared to the natural refilling which is called the ground water recharge. Water table in these places is falling constanty. Increasing rate of population growth and pressure of development are mainly responsible for this situation. For enhancing productivity and taking cash crops are resulting high tapping of the groundwater everywhere as well as in Madhya Pradesh also. Therefore water resource utilization of an area should be planned keeping in view the availability and demand. Such a planning is presented in this paper for Narsinghpur district of Madhya Pradesh.
{"title":"Drinking Water Plan for Narsinghpur District","authors":"Yagyesh Narayan Shrivastava","doi":"10.18805/bkap345","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.18805/bkap345","url":null,"abstract":"Water is the most important commodity of this large ecological system. Looking to the scarcity/ rareness and importance of pure water, water is an intrusive and the most important factor for the genesis of all the living organism, flora and fauna. All lives are dependent on water. It is the priceless gift of nature and is present in a very limited quantity. Its use should be judicious considering the national development and conservation for future. Looking to the current data total water available from precipitation the country is about 4000 Billon cubic meter. The availability from surface water and replenishable ground water is 1869 BCM. Out of this only 60% of this available water i.e. 1122 BCM (Surface Water 690 BCM and Ground water 432 BCM) can be used and may be considered as available water resource of the country. One more point to be noted is that water is not available uniformly at all places and at all time. In India more then 50% of Urban and Industrial water supply, more than 85% of rural drinking water supply and more than 50% irrigation requirement is dependent on Ground water. In many parts of the country water is being taken out more rapidly from the water wearing formations as compared to the natural refilling which is called the ground water recharge. Water table in these places is falling constanty. Increasing rate of population growth and pressure of development are mainly responsible for this situation. For enhancing productivity and taking cash crops are resulting high tapping of the groundwater everywhere as well as in Madhya Pradesh also. Therefore water resource utilization of an area should be planned keeping in view the availability and demand. Such a planning is presented in this paper for Narsinghpur district of Madhya Pradesh.\u0000","PeriodicalId":8784,"journal":{"name":"Bhartiya Krishi Anusandhan Patrika","volume":"112 4","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-01-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139616347","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Background: Muga is an exclusive golden-colored silk produced by the Antheraea Assamensis silkworm species in North-east India. In the silk processing stage, drying of Muga silkworm cocoon is essential to prevent the pupa from emerging from the shell and to preserve the cocoons for a longer period (3-6 months). It is necessary to reduce the potentially harmful high moisture level in the cocoon shell and pupa body to an optimum or safe level of moisture content (6-12%). In India, the natural sun drying method is the most common method to preserve Muga cocoons for a longer period. Considerably losses may occur using the sun-drying method due to various effects such as rodents, insects, rain, microorganisms, excessive temperature, etc. To address this issue the study was conducted to improve the quality of Muga silk yield using a comparative study between Convection and IR heating methods for cocoon drying. Methods: In this study, Muga cocoons were dried properly at optimum temperature (50-100°C) to obtain a safe moisture level for getting quality Muga silk. The drying of the Muga cocoon is processed using convection (1 kw) and Infrared (650 watts) modes of heating for the same duration of time. Muga cocoons were placed in a drying chamber initially at a high temperature (100±5°C) using both convection and Infrared heating methods separately to maintain the moisture content to an optimum level. It took approximately 75 minutes to obtain the temperature 100 from room temperature and every 15 minutes temperature measure was recorded for both methods and compared. The parameters studied were temperature, time, cocoon weight, shell weight, shell ratio and moisture content. These parameters were examined, evaluated and compared for both the Convection and IR heating methods. Result: The comparative study results indicated that the performance of the studied cocoon parameters namely temperature, cocoon weight, shell weight, shell ratio and moisture content are approximately similar for both convection and IR heating methods. Moisture content was maintained at the optimum range (6-12%) for both the convection and IR methods. The study provided a better performance using the IR heating method as compared to convection heating concerning energy consumption and safety for the same duration of time. Energy consumed by a 1 kW convection heater is 1.25 kWh, whereas energy consumption in a 650-watt IR heater is 0.8125 kWh.
{"title":"A Comparative Study of Drying of Muga Cocoons using Convection and Infra-red Heating Method","authors":"Chayanika Bhagabati, Shakuntala Laskar","doi":"10.18805/bkap668","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.18805/bkap668","url":null,"abstract":"Background: Muga is an exclusive golden-colored silk produced by the Antheraea Assamensis silkworm species in North-east India. In the silk processing stage, drying of Muga silkworm cocoon is essential to prevent the pupa from emerging from the shell and to preserve the cocoons for a longer period (3-6 months). It is necessary to reduce the potentially harmful high moisture level in the cocoon shell and pupa body to an optimum or safe level of moisture content (6-12%). In India, the natural sun drying method is the most common method to preserve Muga cocoons for a longer period. Considerably losses may occur using the sun-drying method due to various effects such as rodents, insects, rain, microorganisms, excessive temperature, etc. To address this issue the study was conducted to improve the quality of Muga silk yield using a comparative study between Convection and IR heating methods for cocoon drying. Methods: In this study, Muga cocoons were dried properly at optimum temperature (50-100°C) to obtain a safe moisture level for getting quality Muga silk. The drying of the Muga cocoon is processed using convection (1 kw) and Infrared (650 watts) modes of heating for the same duration of time. Muga cocoons were placed in a drying chamber initially at a high temperature (100±5°C) using both convection and Infrared heating methods separately to maintain the moisture content to an optimum level. It took approximately 75 minutes to obtain the temperature 100 from room temperature and every 15 minutes temperature measure was recorded for both methods and compared. The parameters studied were temperature, time, cocoon weight, shell weight, shell ratio and moisture content. These parameters were examined, evaluated and compared for both the Convection and IR heating methods. Result: The comparative study results indicated that the performance of the studied cocoon parameters namely temperature, cocoon weight, shell weight, shell ratio and moisture content are approximately similar for both convection and IR heating methods. Moisture content was maintained at the optimum range (6-12%) for both the convection and IR methods. The study provided a better performance using the IR heating method as compared to convection heating concerning energy consumption and safety for the same duration of time. Energy consumed by a 1 kW convection heater is 1.25 kWh, whereas energy consumption in a 650-watt IR heater is 0.8125 kWh.","PeriodicalId":8784,"journal":{"name":"Bhartiya Krishi Anusandhan Patrika","volume":" 17","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-01-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139620183","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Microgreens are young, tender greens and are excellent source of vitamins, minerals, bioactive and health-supporting components. But they have shorter shelf life. Therefore, the present study was conducted to prepare hummus from Pearl Millet microgreens and to evaluate its sensory and nutritional attributes. Microgreen-based Hummus was prepared by chickpeas and microgreens blended in different ratios. All the ingredients used in making hummus were procured from the local market. Chickpeas were soaked in water overnight and then strained and boiled. Microgreens were grown in an indoor setup. Different variations of hummus were developed using chickpea and microgreens i.e. T1 (100:0), T2 (80:20), T3 (60:40) and T4 (40:60), respectively. The formulated hummus was subjected to sensory evaluation to test its acceptability using a 9- point Hedonic scale. Hummus developed with the incorporation of 60 per cent pearl millet microgreens (treatment T4) was most acceptable out of all treatments. The incorporation of microgreens in hummus can be done to deal with the issue of short shelf life of microgreens. Conversion of Microgreens into Hummus can be a solution to make it rich in phytochemicals, carotenoids and phenolic compounds.
{"title":"Sensory Acceptability and Nutritional Attributes of Hummus Developed from Pearl Millet (Bajra) Microgreens","authors":"S. Yadav,, M. Awasthi","doi":"10.18805/bkap660","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.18805/bkap660","url":null,"abstract":"Microgreens are young, tender greens and are excellent source of vitamins, minerals, bioactive and health-supporting components. But they have shorter shelf life. Therefore, the present study was conducted to prepare hummus from Pearl Millet microgreens and to evaluate its sensory and nutritional attributes. Microgreen-based Hummus was prepared by chickpeas and microgreens blended in different ratios. All the ingredients used in making hummus were procured from the local market. Chickpeas were soaked in water overnight and then strained and boiled. Microgreens were grown in an indoor setup. Different variations of hummus were developed using chickpea and microgreens i.e. T1 (100:0), T2 (80:20), T3 (60:40) and T4 (40:60), respectively. The formulated hummus was subjected to sensory evaluation to test its acceptability using a 9- point Hedonic scale. Hummus developed with the incorporation of 60 per cent pearl millet microgreens (treatment T4) was most acceptable out of all treatments. The incorporation of microgreens in hummus can be done to deal with the issue of short shelf life of microgreens. Conversion of Microgreens into Hummus can be a solution to make it rich in phytochemicals, carotenoids and phenolic compounds.\u0000","PeriodicalId":8784,"journal":{"name":"Bhartiya Krishi Anusandhan Patrika","volume":"15 9","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-01-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139531172","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Background: Black gold popularly renounced for Large cardamom which is world’s oldest and third expensive spice following, saffron and vanilla. The study was to assess suitability of large cardamom farming as business in eastern Nepal. Methods: Eastern Nepal, subdivided as Koshi corridor (Sankhuwasaba and Tehrathum) and Mechi corridor (Taplejung and Panchthar), were purposively selected as a research site. About 480 Households were selected randomly. An interview schedule was prepared for cost of production and other expenses incurred along with production and price received by farmers. Result: During the 7-year cycle, the total fixed cost was NRs 115,663. The breakeven point for large cardamom was calculated to be 157.45 kg. The average price per kilogram of large cardamom was NRs 1274.6. The average variable cost per kilogram of large cardamom was NRs 621.01. Financial indicator like net present value (NPV), benefit cost ratio (BCR) and internal rate of return (IRR) were 1,536,006, 2.14 and 71.31. The Return on Investment (ROI) and Payback period (PBP) were 138.45 and 5.6 years. Under worse scenario, The NPV declined to 977,115.1, the BCR fell to 1.60, the IRR fell to 50.02 and the ROI fell to 78.84. The PBP has risen to 6.8 years. This scenario demonstrated that simultaneous negative increases in cost and income had a greater impact on the profitability of large cardamom farming. Finally, the study’s findings highlighted the sensitivity of financial indicators in large cardamom farming to changes in production costs, income and delays. This helpful information could be used by stakeholders to make decisions and develop strategies to improve sustainability of large cardamom growing in the research area.
{"title":"Suitability of Large Cardamom Farming as Business in Eastern Corridor of Nepal","authors":"S.M. Dhungana, P.P. Regmi, S.C. Dhakal, N.R. Devkota","doi":"10.18805/bkap669","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.18805/bkap669","url":null,"abstract":"Background: Black gold popularly renounced for Large cardamom which is world’s oldest and third expensive spice following, saffron and vanilla. The study was to assess suitability of large cardamom farming as business in eastern Nepal. Methods: Eastern Nepal, subdivided as Koshi corridor (Sankhuwasaba and Tehrathum) and Mechi corridor (Taplejung and Panchthar), were purposively selected as a research site. About 480 Households were selected randomly. An interview schedule was prepared for cost of production and other expenses incurred along with production and price received by farmers. Result: During the 7-year cycle, the total fixed cost was NRs 115,663. The breakeven point for large cardamom was calculated to be 157.45 kg. The average price per kilogram of large cardamom was NRs 1274.6. The average variable cost per kilogram of large cardamom was NRs 621.01. Financial indicator like net present value (NPV), benefit cost ratio (BCR) and internal rate of return (IRR) were 1,536,006, 2.14 and 71.31. The Return on Investment (ROI) and Payback period (PBP) were 138.45 and 5.6 years. Under worse scenario, The NPV declined to 977,115.1, the BCR fell to 1.60, the IRR fell to 50.02 and the ROI fell to 78.84. The PBP has risen to 6.8 years. This scenario demonstrated that simultaneous negative increases in cost and income had a greater impact on the profitability of large cardamom farming. Finally, the study’s findings highlighted the sensitivity of financial indicators in large cardamom farming to changes in production costs, income and delays. This helpful information could be used by stakeholders to make decisions and develop strategies to improve sustainability of large cardamom growing in the research area.","PeriodicalId":8784,"journal":{"name":"Bhartiya Krishi Anusandhan Patrika","volume":"19 3","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139127868","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Background: Maharashtra state in India ranks sixth in area under turmeric cultivation and Sangli, Hingoli, Nanded, Parbhani, Chandrapur are the major turmeric growing districts of Maharashtra. Recently since last few years the area under turmeric crop of Washim district in Vidarbha region is increasing day by day. In Washim district of Maharashtra state, the area and production of turmeric is 1150 ha. and 23000 tones, with productivity 20 tones per hectare. There is great potential to increase production of this crop in future, if growers are oriented towards entrepreneurship and adoption of modern technology. Hence the present study was undertaken to study the adoption level of turmeric growers about recommended turmeric cultivation practices. Methods: The study was conducted in Washim district of Maharashtra state with the objective to study the adoption of the recommended turmeric cultivation practices by the turmeric growers. Exploratory research design of social research was used. In all, 120 respondents from 12 villages of Malegaon and Risod tehsils from Washim district were selected by random sampling method. The data were collected by person interview method. Result: Findings of the study revealed that, majority of respondents of turmeric growers (63.33%) having medium level of adoption about turmeric cultivation practices followed by 27.5 per cent of the respondents were found low level of adoption and only 9.16 per cent of the respondents were found in high level of adoption category. The selected characteristics of turmeric growers i.e. Land holding, area under turmeric crop, annual income, scientific orientation and knowledge had positive and significant relationship at 0.01 per cent level of probability with adoption. Whereas, farming experience found negative significant relationship at 0.01, per cent level of probability with adoption of turmeric growers. Age, education, source of irrigation had positive and non-significant relationship with adoption level. While only extension contact had positive and significant relation at 0.05 per cent level of probability with their adoption.
{"title":"Adoption of Turmeric Cultivation Practices by Turmeric Growers","authors":"V.G. Khawale, U. Chinchmalatpure","doi":"10.18805/bkap651","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.18805/bkap651","url":null,"abstract":"Background: Maharashtra state in India ranks sixth in area under turmeric cultivation and Sangli, Hingoli, Nanded, Parbhani, Chandrapur are the major turmeric growing districts of Maharashtra. Recently since last few years the area under turmeric crop of Washim district in Vidarbha region is increasing day by day. In Washim district of Maharashtra state, the area and production of turmeric is 1150 ha. and 23000 tones, with productivity 20 tones per hectare. There is great potential to increase production of this crop in future, if growers are oriented towards entrepreneurship and adoption of modern technology. Hence the present study was undertaken to study the adoption level of turmeric growers about recommended turmeric cultivation practices. Methods: The study was conducted in Washim district of Maharashtra state with the objective to study the adoption of the recommended turmeric cultivation practices by the turmeric growers. Exploratory research design of social research was used. In all, 120 respondents from 12 villages of Malegaon and Risod tehsils from Washim district were selected by random sampling method. The\u0000data were collected by person interview method. Result: Findings of the study revealed that, majority of respondents of turmeric growers (63.33%) having medium level of adoption about turmeric cultivation practices followed by 27.5 per cent of the respondents were found low level of adoption and only 9.16 per cent of the respondents were found in high level of adoption category. The selected characteristics of turmeric growers i.e. Land holding, area under turmeric crop, annual income, scientific orientation and knowledge had positive and significant relationship at 0.01 per cent level of probability with adoption. Whereas, farming experience found negative significant relationship at 0.01, per cent level of probability with adoption of turmeric growers. Age, education, source of irrigation had positive and non-significant relationship with adoption level. While only extension contact had positive and significant relation at 0.05 per cent level of probability with their adoption.\u0000","PeriodicalId":8784,"journal":{"name":"Bhartiya Krishi Anusandhan Patrika","volume":"43 25","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-12-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"138946409","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
A.R. Panigrahy, P.M. More, S. Prashant, S.S. Nair, K.S. Chitnis
Background: Millets are small grains that are rich in nutrients. In recent times, millet-based foods have been increasingly recommended for a healthy diet. Many millets are not annotated or DNA barcoded yet. Methods: In this study, comparative biochemical analyses especially that of starch and total protein of Echinochloa frumentacea, called as Indian barnyard white millet (Varai), from geographically different locations like Tamil Nadu and Maharashtra have been done. Their DNA barcoding has also been done to identify them on the basis of molecular data. Result: It was observed that starch granules were more abundant in Tamil Nadu variety as compared to Maharashtra variety. Blue value, indicative of amylose: amylopectin ratio was found to be low in Varai, indicating that Varai has low starch digestibility and its starch releases glucose slowly, thus making it a low glycaemic index food. Protein content was higher in Tamil Nadu variety, but overall Varai had a lower protein content as compared to other millets. Ribulose-1,5-bisphosphate carboxylase/oxygenase large subunit (rbcL) gene from plastid was isolated, amplified by PCR, sequenced and the sequence was submitted to GenBank, NCBI. The gene was identified to be that of Echinochloa frumentacea and was given the accession numbers by GenBank as OR027010 (Varai, Maharashtra) and OR027011 (Varai, Tamil Nadu). This study indicated a distinct biochemical difference related to the geographical location of millets. This study helped barcoding of Echinochloa frumentacea Indian varieties using rbcL gene. This will further help in studies of phylogeny and evolution and also that of the relatedness of Echinochloa sp within and as compared to other millets.
{"title":"Biochemical Analysis and DNA Barcoding of Millet Echinochloa frumentacea","authors":"A.R. Panigrahy, P.M. More, S. Prashant, S.S. Nair, K.S. Chitnis","doi":"10.18805/bkap677","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.18805/bkap677","url":null,"abstract":"Background: Millets are small grains that are rich in nutrients. In recent times, millet-based foods have been increasingly recommended for a healthy diet. Many millets are not annotated or DNA barcoded yet. Methods: In this study, comparative biochemical analyses especially that of starch and total protein of Echinochloa frumentacea, called as Indian barnyard white millet (Varai), from geographically different locations like Tamil Nadu and Maharashtra have been done. Their DNA barcoding has also been done to identify them on the basis of molecular data. Result: It was observed that starch granules were more abundant in Tamil Nadu variety as compared to Maharashtra variety. Blue value, indicative of amylose: amylopectin ratio was found to be low in Varai, indicating that Varai has low starch digestibility and its starch releases glucose slowly, thus making it a low glycaemic index food. Protein content was higher in Tamil Nadu variety, but overall Varai had a lower protein content as compared to other millets. Ribulose-1,5-bisphosphate carboxylase/oxygenase large subunit (rbcL) gene from plastid was isolated, amplified by PCR, sequenced and the sequence was submitted to GenBank, NCBI. The gene was identified to be that of Echinochloa frumentacea and was given the accession numbers by GenBank as OR027010 (Varai, Maharashtra) and OR027011 (Varai, Tamil Nadu). This study indicated a distinct biochemical difference related to the geographical location of millets. This study helped barcoding of Echinochloa frumentacea Indian varieties using rbcL gene. This will further help in studies of phylogeny and evolution and also that of the relatedness of Echinochloa sp within and as compared to other millets.\u0000","PeriodicalId":8784,"journal":{"name":"Bhartiya Krishi Anusandhan Patrika","volume":"3 2","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-12-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"138947570","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Background: Metabolic processes involve set of chemical reactions that occur in the cells of living organisms to sustain life and allow living organisms to maintain their structure and response to the surrounding environment. With increase in industrilisation and urbanisation heavy metal pollution is becoming a global problem. Plant growth and metabolism naturally affected by heavy metals, although they are required in various metabolic reactions and that is why there is need to study their role and impact on biochemical parameters in heavy metal stressed crop. Method: The experiments were carried out during 2019-2020 under laboratory condition. In the present study biochemical constituents of moth (Phaseolus aconitifolius) Jacq. Cv. RMO-225, seedlings were studied under certain heavy metals (Cu, Zn, Pb, Ni and Cd) concentrations 25 ppm-1000 ppm. These concentrations significantly affected biochemical constituents e.g. soluble sugar, starch, phenol and protein content. Result: In the present investigation total sugar and starch content increased at lower concentrations (10-50 ppm concentration) almost in all the treatments except cadmium. However with increase in the concentration (500-100 ppm) total content of both markedly reduced, In cadmium, starch content reduce gradually from 10-1000 ppm concentration. Phenol content also increased at 10-100 ppm concentrations of the heavy metals Cu, Zn, Pb and Ni and decreased at higher concentrations. Protein content sharply decline in all the treatments of cadmium, however in lower concentration of all heavy metals treatments protein content increased and decreased at higher concentrations (200-500 ppm). Cadmium was found to be most toxic in all respect in present study.
{"title":"Evaluation of Biochemical Parameters in Heavy Metals Stressed Crop Phaseolus aconitifolius Cv. RMO 225","authors":"M. Kulshrestha, A. Eesha, S. Sharma, U. Jain","doi":"10.18805/bkap645","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.18805/bkap645","url":null,"abstract":"Background: Metabolic processes involve set of chemical reactions that occur in the cells of living organisms to sustain life and allow living organisms to maintain their structure and response to the surrounding environment. With increase in industrilisation and urbanisation heavy metal pollution is becoming a global problem. Plant growth and metabolism naturally affected by heavy metals, although they are required in various metabolic reactions and that is why there is need to study their role and impact on biochemical parameters in heavy metal stressed crop. Method: The experiments were carried out during 2019-2020 under laboratory condition. In the present study biochemical constituents of moth (Phaseolus aconitifolius) Jacq. Cv. RMO-225, seedlings were studied under certain heavy metals (Cu, Zn, Pb, Ni and Cd) concentrations 25 ppm-1000 ppm. These concentrations significantly affected biochemical constituents e.g. soluble sugar, starch, phenol and protein content. Result: In the present investigation total sugar and starch content increased at lower concentrations (10-50 ppm concentration) almost in all the treatments except cadmium. However with increase in the concentration (500-100 ppm) total content of both markedly reduced, In cadmium, starch content reduce gradually from 10-1000 ppm concentration. Phenol content also increased at 10-100 ppm concentrations of the heavy metals Cu, Zn, Pb and Ni and decreased at higher concentrations. Protein content sharply decline in all the treatments of cadmium, however in lower concentration of all heavy metals treatments protein content increased and decreased at higher concentrations (200-500 ppm). Cadmium was found to be most toxic in all respect in present study.\u0000","PeriodicalId":8784,"journal":{"name":"Bhartiya Krishi Anusandhan Patrika","volume":"7 5","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-12-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"138944860","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
S.M. Acharya, B.D. Bhakare, A.G. Durgude, R. Thakare
To meet the food requirement of a huge population the food grain production need to be enhanced accordingly. However, the goal of higher production must not come at the cost of heavy exploitation of natural resources. In order to attain higher yields, need of the hour is to develop and promote new technologies and reform agricultural research. Nanotechnology helps to improve agricultural production by increasing the efficiency of inputs and minimizing relevant losses. Nano fertilizer is an important tool in agriculture to improve crop growth, yield and quality parameters with increased nutrient use efficiency, reduction in wastage of fertilizers and cost of cultivation Since the research work on nanotechnology in agriculture is at nascent stage there is a dearth of information on the response of nanomaterials application in crops. An effort has been made to review and extend the work done worldwide on foliar application of nano fertilizers in agricultural crops.
{"title":"Foliar Application of Nano Fertilizer in Agricultural Crops: A Review","authors":"S.M. Acharya, B.D. Bhakare, A.G. Durgude, R. Thakare","doi":"10.18805/bkap643","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.18805/bkap643","url":null,"abstract":"To meet the food requirement of a huge population the food grain production need to be enhanced accordingly. However, the goal of higher production must not come at the cost of heavy exploitation of natural resources. In order to attain higher yields, need of the hour is to develop and promote new technologies and reform agricultural research. Nanotechnology helps to improve agricultural production by increasing the efficiency of inputs and minimizing relevant losses. Nano fertilizer is an important tool in agriculture to improve crop growth, yield and quality parameters with increased nutrient use efficiency, reduction in wastage of fertilizers and cost of cultivation Since the research work on nanotechnology in agriculture is at nascent stage there is a dearth of information on the response of nanomaterials application in crops. An effort has been made to review and extend the work done worldwide on foliar application of nano fertilizers in agricultural crops.\u0000","PeriodicalId":8784,"journal":{"name":"Bhartiya Krishi Anusandhan Patrika","volume":"45 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-12-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"138951829","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Background: The Indian agricultural industry has faced numerous challenges, including heavy reliance on chemical inputs, declining soil quality, rising cultivation costs and farmer distress. Natural farming, which emphasizes organic and agroecological practices, has emerged as a viable alternative to address these issues and promote environmental and economic sustainability. This research article explores the potential of natural farming as a pathway to sustainable agriculture in India. Methods: The study focuses on the state of Andhra Pradesh, specifically in the Vizianagaram district, where the adoption of Zero Budget Natural Farming (ZBNF) has been significant. A comprehensive economic analysis is conducted, comparing natural farming with conventional farming methods. Primary data is collected through surveys and interviews with farmers practicing natural farming and conventional farming methods. Result: The results highlight the perception and attitudes of farmers towards natural farming. While both Natural Farmers and Conventional Farmers acknowledge the feasibility and benefits of natural farming, they differ in their views on complexity, scalability, input preparation and the challenges of acquiring and maintaining Desi cows. Based on the findings, policy recommendations are provided to promote and support the adoption and expansion of natural farming practices. These recommendations include awareness and education campaigns, training and capacity building, financial support, research and development initiatives, collaboration and networking, policy integration, market support and monitoring and evaluation mechanisms.
{"title":"Towards Sustainable Agriculture: Evaluating the Feasibility and Perception of Natural Farming in Vizianagaram District of Andhra Pradesh, India","authors":"Chetti Praveen Kumar","doi":"10.18805/bkap664","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.18805/bkap664","url":null,"abstract":"Background: The Indian agricultural industry has faced numerous challenges, including heavy reliance on chemical inputs, declining soil quality, rising cultivation costs and farmer distress. Natural farming, which emphasizes organic and agroecological practices, has emerged as a viable alternative to address these issues and promote environmental and economic sustainability. This research article explores the potential of natural farming as a pathway to sustainable agriculture in India. Methods: The study focuses on the state of Andhra Pradesh, specifically in the Vizianagaram district, where the adoption of Zero Budget Natural Farming (ZBNF) has been significant. A comprehensive economic analysis is conducted, comparing natural farming with conventional farming methods. Primary data is collected through surveys and interviews with farmers practicing natural farming and conventional farming methods. Result: The results highlight the perception and attitudes of farmers towards natural farming. While both Natural Farmers and Conventional Farmers acknowledge the feasibility and benefits of natural farming, they differ in their views on complexity, scalability, input preparation and the challenges of acquiring and maintaining Desi cows. Based on the findings, policy recommendations are provided to promote and support the adoption and expansion of natural farming practices. These recommendations include awareness and education campaigns, training and capacity building, financial support, research and development initiatives, collaboration and networking, policy integration, market support and monitoring and evaluation mechanisms.\u0000","PeriodicalId":8784,"journal":{"name":"Bhartiya Krishi Anusandhan Patrika","volume":"85 13","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-12-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"138586646","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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