Pub Date : 2024-10-11DOI: 10.1080/03079457.2024.2409446
Karine Patrin Pontin, Karen Apellanis Borges, Thales Quedi Furian, Gabriela Zottis Chitolina, Roberta de Castro Böhnmann, Ronise Faria Rohde Depner, Ines Andretta, Danrlei Nogueira, Daiane Elisa Wilsmann, Daniela Tonini da Rocha, Hamilton Luiz de Souza Moraes, Vladimir Pinheiro do Nascimento
Research highlights: Supplementation with CuNP in feed and water reduced Salmonella Enteritidis count.Supplementation with CuNP did not affect intestinal integrity of broilers.CuNP did not affect weight gain or total lactic acid bacterial counts.The results demonstrate the potential of CuNP as alternative antimicrobials.
ABSTRACTThe use of copper nanoparticles (CuNP) in the diet of broiler chickens has been studied as a potential alternative to antibiotic growth promoters.本研究旨在分析 CuNP 在肉鸡饲料和饮水中对肠炎沙门氏菌的抗菌特性,并评估 CuNP 的肠道完整性和毒性。本研究旨在分析 CuNP 在肉鸡饲料和饮水中对肠炎沙门氏菌的抗菌特性,并评估在肉鸡日粮中添加 CuNP 的肠道完整性和毒性。CuNP 对肠炎沙门氏菌的抗菌活性在微孔板中进行了测试,以评估三种不同矿物质成分的水样,并在体外消化率模型中进行了测试,该模型模拟了禽类的三个主要肠道区,以评估饲料样品。为评估体内肠道完整性和毒性,将鸟类分为四组(每组 30 只):(1) 基础日粮(对照组);(2) 基础日粮 + CuNP(100 ppm);(3) 基础日粮 + 恩拉霉素(10 ppm);(4) 基础日粮 + CuNP(100 ppm)+ 恩拉霉素(10 ppm)。采集肠道样本进行组织形态计量学评估和乳酸菌计数,同时采集胸肌和全血样本测定铜含量。与对照组相比,在添加了 CuNP 的两种体外处理(水和饲料)中观察到肠炎球菌数量明显减少。与对照组相比,组织形态测量、增重或乳酸菌总数均无明显差异。这些结果表明,CuNP 能够有效减少肠炎双球菌的发生,而且不会干扰肉鸡肠道的完整性,从而凸显了 CuNP 作为家禽生产链中替代抗菌剂的潜力。
{"title":"Copper nanoparticles effectively reduce <i>Salmonella</i> Enteritidis in broiler chicken diet and water.","authors":"Karine Patrin Pontin, Karen Apellanis Borges, Thales Quedi Furian, Gabriela Zottis Chitolina, Roberta de Castro Böhnmann, Ronise Faria Rohde Depner, Ines Andretta, Danrlei Nogueira, Daiane Elisa Wilsmann, Daniela Tonini da Rocha, Hamilton Luiz de Souza Moraes, Vladimir Pinheiro do Nascimento","doi":"10.1080/03079457.2024.2409446","DOIUrl":"10.1080/03079457.2024.2409446","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Research highlights: </strong>Supplementation with CuNP in feed and water reduced <i>Salmonella</i> Enteritidis count.Supplementation with CuNP did not affect intestinal integrity of broilers.CuNP did not affect weight gain or total lactic acid bacterial counts.The results demonstrate the potential of CuNP as alternative antimicrobials.</p>","PeriodicalId":8788,"journal":{"name":"Avian Pathology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2024-10-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142340392","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-10-11DOI: 10.1080/03079457.2024.2410873
Wing Y J Yue, Peter J Groves
AbstractNontyphoidal serovars of Salmonella enterica subsp enterica frequently colonize the intestinal tracts of chickens, creating risks of contamination of meat and egg food products. These serovars seldom cause disease in chickens over 3 weeks of age. Colonization is generally transient but can continue to circulate in a flock for many months. Vaccination of breeders and layers is the most effective method of control of infections with serovars Enteritidis and Typhimurium and development of these vaccines or other preventative treatments require challenge studies to demonstrate efficacy. However, establishing a successful challenge model where the control birds are colonized to a sufficient extent to be able to demonstrate a statistically significant reduction from the vaccine or treatment is problematic. A meta-analysis of published S. Enteritidis challenge studies was performed to pursue the best challenge model conditions that provides consistent control colonization outcomes. Challenge at sexual maturity was significantly more effective in achieving at least 80% colonization of control hens.
{"title":"Age of challenge is important in <i>Salmonella</i> Enteritidis studies in pullets and hens: A systematic review.","authors":"Wing Y J Yue, Peter J Groves","doi":"10.1080/03079457.2024.2410873","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/03079457.2024.2410873","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p><b>Abstract</b>Nontyphoidal serovars of <i>Salmonella enterica</i> subsp <i>enterica</i> frequently colonize the intestinal tracts of chickens, creating risks of contamination of meat and egg food products. These serovars seldom cause disease in chickens over 3 weeks of age. Colonization is generally transient but can continue to circulate in a flock for many months. Vaccination of breeders and layers is the most effective method of control of infections with serovars Enteritidis and Typhimurium and development of these vaccines or other preventative treatments require challenge studies to demonstrate efficacy. However, establishing a successful challenge model where the control birds are colonized to a sufficient extent to be able to demonstrate a statistically significant reduction from the vaccine or treatment is problematic. A meta-analysis of published <i>S</i>. Enteritidis challenge studies was performed to pursue the best challenge model conditions that provides consistent control colonization outcomes. Challenge at sexual maturity was significantly more effective in achieving at least 80% colonization of control hens.</p>","PeriodicalId":8788,"journal":{"name":"Avian Pathology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2024-10-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142399170","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-10-09DOI: 10.1080/03079457.2024.2403427
Mohammed Nooruzzaman, Tanjin Tamanna Mumu, Ismail Hossain, Congriev Kumar Kabiraj, Jahan Ara Begum, Mohammad Mijanur Rahman, Md Zulfekar Ali, Mohammed Giasuddin, Jacqueline King, Diego G Diel, Emdadul Haque Chowdhury, Timm Harder, Mohammad Rafiqul Islam, Rokshana Parvin
We characterized 15 H5N1 HPAI viruses from different small- and medium-scale poultry flocks across Bangladesh during 2018-2021 based on their complete genome sequences. The antigenic relatedness of H5N1 HPAI viruses from different timepoints was analysed. During 2020-2021, 42.11% of the flocks tested positive for at least one of the respiratory infections, with 15.79% showing influenza A virus, of which 8.77% tested positive for HPAIV H5N1. Co-infections with two to four pathogens were detected in 15.8% of flocks. Phylogeny and gene constellation analyses based on complete genome sequences of 15 HPAI viruses revealed the continuing circulation of H5 clade 2.3.2.1a genotype G2 viruses. In the HA protein of the study isolates, functionally meaningful mutations caused the loss of an N-linked glycosylation site (T156A), a modified antigenic site A (S141P), and a mutation in the receptor binding pocket (E193R/K). Consequently, antigenic analysis revealed a significant loss of cross-reactivity between viruses from different host species and periods. Most viruses displayed oseltamivir resistance markers at positions V96, I97, S227, and N275 (N1 numbering) of the NA protein. In addition, for the PB2, M1, and NS1 proteins, significant mutations were noticed that have been associated with polymerase activity and increased virulence for mammals in all study isolates. These results highlight the need for intensified genomic surveillance of HPAI circulating in poultry in Bangladesh and for establishing appropriate control measures to decrease the circulation of these viruses in poultry in the country.
{"title":"Continuing evolution of H5N1 highly pathogenic avian influenza viruses of clade 2.3.2.1a G2 genotype in domestic poultry of Bangladesh during 2018-2021.","authors":"Mohammed Nooruzzaman, Tanjin Tamanna Mumu, Ismail Hossain, Congriev Kumar Kabiraj, Jahan Ara Begum, Mohammad Mijanur Rahman, Md Zulfekar Ali, Mohammed Giasuddin, Jacqueline King, Diego G Diel, Emdadul Haque Chowdhury, Timm Harder, Mohammad Rafiqul Islam, Rokshana Parvin","doi":"10.1080/03079457.2024.2403427","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/03079457.2024.2403427","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>We characterized 15 H5N1 HPAI viruses from different small- and medium-scale poultry flocks across Bangladesh during 2018-2021 based on their complete genome sequences. The antigenic relatedness of H5N1 HPAI viruses from different timepoints was analysed. During 2020-2021, 42.11% of the flocks tested positive for at least one of the respiratory infections, with 15.79% showing influenza A virus, of which 8.77% tested positive for HPAIV H5N1. Co-infections with two to four pathogens were detected in 15.8% of flocks. Phylogeny and gene constellation analyses based on complete genome sequences of 15 HPAI viruses revealed the continuing circulation of H5 clade 2.3.2.1a genotype G2 viruses. In the HA protein of the study isolates, functionally meaningful mutations caused the loss of an N-linked glycosylation site (T156A), a modified antigenic site A (S141P), and a mutation in the receptor binding pocket (E193R/K). Consequently, antigenic analysis revealed a significant loss of cross-reactivity between viruses from different host species and periods. Most viruses displayed oseltamivir resistance markers at positions V96, I97, S227, and N275 (N1 numbering) of the NA protein. In addition, for the PB2, M1, and NS1 proteins, significant mutations were noticed that have been associated with polymerase activity and increased virulence for mammals in all study isolates. These results highlight the need for intensified genomic surveillance of HPAI circulating in poultry in Bangladesh and for establishing appropriate control measures to decrease the circulation of these viruses in poultry in the country.</p>","PeriodicalId":8788,"journal":{"name":"Avian Pathology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2024-10-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142387593","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The infectious bursal disease virus (IBDV) is a significant pathogen affecting the poultry industry worldwide. Its epidemiological history has been marked by the emergence of strains with different antigenic, pathogenic, and genetic features, some of which have shown notable spread potential. The A2dB1b genotype, also known as novel variant, has become widespread and gained increased relevance in IBDV epidemiology. This genotype was described in China in the 2010s and rapidly spread in Asia and Africa. The present study describes the circulation of the A2dB1b genotype in Argentina. Applying a next-generation sequencing approach, we obtained the complete coding sequence of 18 Argentine viruses. The high level of genomic homogeneity observed amongst these viruses, their monophyletic clustering in both partial and complete segments A and B derived phylogenies, and their close relatedness to some Chinese strains suggest that a unique transcontinental spread event from China to Argentina occurred recently. The apparent success of the A2dB1b genotype spreading throughout Asia, Africa, and South America may partially be due to specific amino acid characteristics. Novel residues in the hypervariable region of VP2 may help A2dB1b IBDVs evade the protection elicited by the applied commercial vaccines. Our findings underscore the importance of continuous characterization of field samples and evaluation of the control measures currently applied to fight against this specific IBDV genotype.
{"title":"Genomic characterization of infectious bursal disease virus in Argentina provides evidence of the recent transcontinental spread of Chinese genotype A2dB1b.","authors":"Gonzalo Tomás, Claudia Techera, Ana Marandino, Valeria Olivera, Joaquín Williman, Yanina Panzera, Ruben Pérez, Ariel Vagnozzi","doi":"10.1080/03079457.2024.2355918","DOIUrl":"10.1080/03079457.2024.2355918","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The infectious bursal disease virus (IBDV) is a significant pathogen affecting the poultry industry worldwide. Its epidemiological history has been marked by the emergence of strains with different antigenic, pathogenic, and genetic features, some of which have shown notable spread potential. The A2dB1b genotype, also known as novel variant, has become widespread and gained increased relevance in IBDV epidemiology. This genotype was described in China in the 2010s and rapidly spread in Asia and Africa. The present study describes the circulation of the A2dB1b genotype in Argentina. Applying a next-generation sequencing approach, we obtained the complete coding sequence of 18 Argentine viruses. The high level of genomic homogeneity observed amongst these viruses, their monophyletic clustering in both partial and complete segments A and B derived phylogenies, and their close relatedness to some Chinese strains suggest that a unique transcontinental spread event from China to Argentina occurred recently. The apparent success of the A2dB1b genotype spreading throughout Asia, Africa, and South America may partially be due to specific amino acid characteristics. Novel residues in the hypervariable region of VP2 may help A2dB1b IBDVs evade the protection elicited by the applied commercial vaccines. Our findings underscore the importance of continuous characterization of field samples and evaluation of the control measures currently applied to fight against this specific IBDV genotype.</p>","PeriodicalId":8788,"journal":{"name":"Avian Pathology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2024-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140915963","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-10-01Epub Date: 2024-04-11DOI: 10.1080/03079457.2024.2334683
W J M Landman, J H H van Eck, A E Heuvelink
The purpose of the present study was to examine if potentiation of mortality occurred after simultaneous administration of several Escherichia coli genotypes, each capable of inducing the E. coli peritonitis syndrome, in comparison with single genotype application. Five groups of productive specified pathogen free White Leghorn hens were housed in isolators. Groups 1-4 consisted of 32 hens each, group 5 of 10 hens. At 32 weeks of age all groups were inoculated intratracheally. Groups 1 and 2 were inoculated with a mix of four E. coli genotypes and groups 3 and 4 with a mix of four other genotypes. Groups 1 and 3 were given 1 median lethal dose (LD50) of each genotype per hen and groups 2 and 4 had a dose of 0.1 LD50 per genotype per hen; group 5 was mock inoculated. The experiment ended one week after inoculations. In Group 5, no mortality occurred and gross lesions were absent at post-mortem examination. Mortality in groups 1 and 3 was 84% and 81%, respectively; in groups 2 and 4 59% and 66%, respectively. Although mortality in groups 1 and 3 exceeded the expected 50%, this could not be due to potentiation as cluster analysis of reisolates showed that in individual hens only one genotype was found, indicating interference between E. coli genotypes. In groups all four or only two genotypes were recovered, showing that not all genotypes will induce colibacillosis in all experimental groups. Therefore, broad protection can be best assessed by challenging with various single genotypes.RESEARCH HIGHLIGHTS All four or only two E. coli genotypes were found in groups of hens given mixes of four genotypes.In contrast, only one genotype was found in individual hens.E. coli genotypes interfere with each other in hens after given as a mix.Interference is likely based on a random process.Broad protection can best be assessed by challenging with single genotypes.
{"title":"Interference between <i>Escherichia coli</i> genotypes from the <i>E. coli</i> peritonitis syndrome given simultaneously to productive SPF White Leghorn hens by intratracheal inoculation.","authors":"W J M Landman, J H H van Eck, A E Heuvelink","doi":"10.1080/03079457.2024.2334683","DOIUrl":"10.1080/03079457.2024.2334683","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The purpose of the present study was to examine if potentiation of mortality occurred after simultaneous administration of several <i>Escherichia coli</i> genotypes, each capable of inducing the <i>E. coli</i> peritonitis syndrome, in comparison with single genotype application. Five groups of productive specified pathogen free White Leghorn hens were housed in isolators. Groups 1-4 consisted of 32 hens each, group 5 of 10 hens. At 32 weeks of age all groups were inoculated intratracheally. Groups 1 and 2 were inoculated with a mix of four <i>E. coli</i> genotypes and groups 3 and 4 with a mix of four other genotypes. Groups 1 and 3 were given 1 median lethal dose (LD<sub>50</sub>) of each genotype per hen and groups 2 and 4 had a dose of 0.1 LD<sub>50</sub> per genotype per hen; group 5 was mock inoculated. The experiment ended one week after inoculations. In Group 5, no mortality occurred and gross lesions were absent at <i>post-mortem</i> examination. Mortality in groups 1 and 3 was 84% and 81%, respectively; in groups 2 and 4 59% and 66%, respectively. Although mortality in groups 1 and 3 exceeded the expected 50%, this could not be due to potentiation as cluster analysis of reisolates showed that in individual hens only one genotype was found, indicating interference between <i>E. coli</i> genotypes. In groups all four or only two genotypes were recovered, showing that not all genotypes will induce colibacillosis in all experimental groups. Therefore, broad protection can be best assessed by challenging with various single genotypes.<b>RESEARCH HIGHLIGHTS</b> All four or only two <i>E. coli</i> genotypes were found in groups of hens given mixes of four genotypes.In contrast, only one genotype was found in individual hens.<i>E. coli</i> genotypes interfere with each other in hens after given as a mix.Interference is likely based on a random process.Broad protection can best be assessed by challenging with single genotypes.</p>","PeriodicalId":8788,"journal":{"name":"Avian Pathology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2024-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140183596","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-10-01Epub Date: 2024-04-10DOI: 10.1080/03079457.2024.2336091
Abderrahmen Rahmani, Hamza Ahmed Laloui, Radhouane Kara, Mohamed Abdesselem Dems, Nora Cherb, Abdenour Klikha, Damer P Blake
Coccidiosis, caused by parasites of the genus Eimeria, is a significant economic burden to the poultry industry. In this study, we conducted a comprehensive analysis to evaluate the financial losses associated with Eimeria infection in chickens in Algeria, relying on data provided by key stakeholders in the Algerian poultry industry to assess sub-clinical as well as clinical impact. We employed the updated 2020 version of a model established to estimate the cost of coccidiosis in chickens, taking into consideration specific cultural and technical aspects of poultry farming in Algeria. The findings predict economic losses due to coccidiosis in chickens of approximately £86.7 million in Algeria for the year 2022, representing £0.30 per chicken raised. The majority of the cost was attributed to morbidity (74.9%), emphasizing the substantial economic impact of reduced productivity including decreased bodyweight gain and increased feed conversion ratio. Costs associated with control measures made up 20.5% of the total calculated cost, with 4.6% of the cost related to mortality. These figures provide a clear indication of the scope and economic impact of Eimeria infection of chickens in Algeria, illustrating the impact of practices common across North Africa. They underscore the ongoing requirement for effective preventive and control measures to reduce these financial losses while improving productivity and welfare, ensuring the economic sustainability of the Algerian poultry industry.
{"title":"The financial cost of coccidiosis in Algerian chicken production: a major challenge for the poultry sector.","authors":"Abderrahmen Rahmani, Hamza Ahmed Laloui, Radhouane Kara, Mohamed Abdesselem Dems, Nora Cherb, Abdenour Klikha, Damer P Blake","doi":"10.1080/03079457.2024.2336091","DOIUrl":"10.1080/03079457.2024.2336091","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Coccidiosis, caused by parasites of the genus <i>Eimeria</i>, is a significant economic burden to the poultry industry. In this study, we conducted a comprehensive analysis to evaluate the financial losses associated with <i>Eimeria</i> infection in chickens in Algeria, relying on data provided by key stakeholders in the Algerian poultry industry to assess sub-clinical as well as clinical impact. We employed the updated 2020 version of a model established to estimate the cost of coccidiosis in chickens, taking into consideration specific cultural and technical aspects of poultry farming in Algeria. The findings predict economic losses due to coccidiosis in chickens of approximately £86.7 million in Algeria for the year 2022, representing £0.30 per chicken raised. The majority of the cost was attributed to morbidity (74.9%), emphasizing the substantial economic impact of reduced productivity including decreased bodyweight gain and increased feed conversion ratio. Costs associated with control measures made up 20.5% of the total calculated cost, with 4.6% of the cost related to mortality. These figures provide a clear indication of the scope and economic impact of <i>Eimeria</i> infection of chickens in Algeria, illustrating the impact of practices common across North Africa. They underscore the ongoing requirement for effective preventive and control measures to reduce these financial losses while improving productivity and welfare, ensuring the economic sustainability of the Algerian poultry industry.</p>","PeriodicalId":8788,"journal":{"name":"Avian Pathology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2024-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140288093","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-10-01Epub Date: 2024-05-24DOI: 10.1080/03079457.2024.2348513
Momtaz A Shahein, Hesham A Sultan, Ali Zanaty, Amany Adel, Zienab Mosaad, Dalia Said, Ahmed Erfan, Mohamed Samy, Abdullah Selim, Karim Selim, Mahmoud M Naguib, Heba Hassan, Osama El Shazly, Zeinab A El-Badiea, Mahmoud K Moawad, Abdelhafez Samir, Mohamed El Shahaby, Eman Farghaly, Samah Eid, Mohamed N Abdelaziz, Mohamed M Hamoud, Osama Mehana, Naglaa M Hagag, Ahmed Samy
Since the detection of antigenically atypical very virulent Infectious bursal disease viruses (vvIBDV) in Egypt in 1999, the country has been experiencing recurrent outbreaks with high mortality rates and typical gross lesions associated with typical vvIBDV. However, a significant change occurred in 2023, marked by a notable increase in reported subclinical IBDV cases. To evaluate the field situation, samples from 21 farms in 2023 and 18 farms from 2021 and 2022, all of which had experienced IBD outbreaks based on clinical diagnosis, were collected, and subjected to VP2-HVR sequencing. Phylogenetic analysis revealed that all samples collected in 2021 and 2022 clustered with classical virulent strains and vvIBDV. In 2023, one sample clustered with the Egyptian vvIBDV, another with classical virulent IBDV, and the rest with the novel variant IBDV (nVarIBDV) circulating in China. The alignment of deduced amino acid sequences for VP2 showed that all Egyptian classic virulent strains were identical to the Winterfield or Lukert strains, while vvIBDV strains exhibited two out of the three typical residues found in Egyptian vvIBDV, namely Y220F and G254S, but not A321T. Meanwhile, all Egyptian variant strains exhibited typical residues found in nVarIBDV. However, all Egyptian variants showed a mutation at position 321 (321V), which represents the most exposed part of the capsid and is known to have a massive impact on IBDV antigenicity, except for one sample that had 318G instead. This report highlights the emergence of a new variant IBDV in Egypt, clustered with the Chinese new variants, spreading subclinically in broiler farms across a wide geographic area.RESEARCH HIGHLIGHTS New variant IBDV which emerged in Egypt clustered with Chinese nVarIBDV.nVarIBDV spread subclinically across a wide geographic area.Mutation at 321 represents capsid's most exposed part, a defining feature.Antigenically modified vvIBDV still circulating in Egypt with typical lesions.
{"title":"Emergence of the novel infectious bursal disease virus variant in vaccinated poultry flocks in Egypt.","authors":"Momtaz A Shahein, Hesham A Sultan, Ali Zanaty, Amany Adel, Zienab Mosaad, Dalia Said, Ahmed Erfan, Mohamed Samy, Abdullah Selim, Karim Selim, Mahmoud M Naguib, Heba Hassan, Osama El Shazly, Zeinab A El-Badiea, Mahmoud K Moawad, Abdelhafez Samir, Mohamed El Shahaby, Eman Farghaly, Samah Eid, Mohamed N Abdelaziz, Mohamed M Hamoud, Osama Mehana, Naglaa M Hagag, Ahmed Samy","doi":"10.1080/03079457.2024.2348513","DOIUrl":"10.1080/03079457.2024.2348513","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Since the detection of antigenically atypical very virulent Infectious bursal disease viruses (vvIBDV) in Egypt in 1999, the country has been experiencing recurrent outbreaks with high mortality rates and typical gross lesions associated with typical vvIBDV. However, a significant change occurred in 2023, marked by a notable increase in reported subclinical IBDV cases. To evaluate the field situation, samples from 21 farms in 2023 and 18 farms from 2021 and 2022, all of which had experienced IBD outbreaks based on clinical diagnosis, were collected, and subjected to VP2-HVR sequencing. Phylogenetic analysis revealed that all samples collected in 2021 and 2022 clustered with classical virulent strains and vvIBDV. In 2023, one sample clustered with the Egyptian vvIBDV, another with classical virulent IBDV, and the rest with the novel variant IBDV (nVarIBDV) circulating in China. The alignment of deduced amino acid sequences for VP2 showed that all Egyptian classic virulent strains were identical to the Winterfield or Lukert strains, while vvIBDV strains exhibited two out of the three typical residues found in Egyptian vvIBDV, namely Y220F and G254S, but not A321T. Meanwhile, all Egyptian variant strains exhibited typical residues found in nVarIBDV. However, all Egyptian variants showed a mutation at position 321 (321V), which represents the most exposed part of the capsid and is known to have a massive impact on IBDV antigenicity, except for one sample that had 318G instead. This report highlights the emergence of a new variant IBDV in Egypt, clustered with the Chinese new variants, spreading subclinically in broiler farms across a wide geographic area.<b>RESEARCH HIGHLIGHTS</b> New variant IBDV which emerged in Egypt clustered with Chinese nVarIBDV.nVarIBDV spread subclinically across a wide geographic area.Mutation at 321 represents capsid's most exposed part, a defining feature.Antigenically modified vvIBDV still circulating in Egypt with typical lesions.</p>","PeriodicalId":8788,"journal":{"name":"Avian Pathology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2024-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141086698","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Avian influenza (AI), caused by H9N2 subtype avian influenza virus (AIV), poses a serious threat to poultry farming and public health due to its transmissibility and pathogenicity. The PB2 protein is a major component of the viral RNA polymerase complex. It is of great importance to identify the antigenic determinants of the PB2 protein to explore the function of the PB2 protein. In this study, the PB2 sequence of H9N2 subtype AIV, from 1090 to 1689 bp, was cloned and expressed. The recombinant PB2 protein with cutting gel was used to immunize BALB/c mice. After cell fusion, the hybridoma cell lines secreting monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) targeting the PB2 protein were screened by indirect ELISA and western blotting, and the antigenic epitopes of mAbs were identified by constructing truncated overlapping fragments in the PB2 protein of H9N2 subtype AIV. The results showed that three hybridoma cell lines (4B7, 4D10, and 5H1) that stably secreted mAbs specific to the PB2 protein were screened; the heavy chain of 4B7 was IgG2α, those of 4D10 and 5H1 were IgG1, and all three mAbs had kappa light chain. Also, the minimum B-cell epitope recognized was 475LRGVRVSK482 and 528TITYSSPMMW537. Homology analysis showed that these two epitopes were conserved among the different subtypes of AIV strains and located on the surface of the PB2 protein. The above findings provide an experimental foundation for further investigation of the function of the PB2 protein and developing monoclonal antibody-based diagnostic kits.
{"title":"Identification of B-cell epitopes located on the surface in the PB2 protein of the H9N2 subtype avian influenza virus.","authors":"Yiqin Cai, Guihu Yin, Xiangyu Huang, Jianing Hu, Zichen Gao, Xinyu Guo, Yawei Qiu, Haifeng Sun, Xiuli Feng","doi":"10.1080/03079457.2024.2338816","DOIUrl":"10.1080/03079457.2024.2338816","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Avian influenza (AI), caused by H9N2 subtype avian influenza virus (AIV), poses a serious threat to poultry farming and public health due to its transmissibility and pathogenicity. The PB2 protein is a major component of the viral RNA polymerase complex. It is of great importance to identify the antigenic determinants of the PB2 protein to explore the function of the PB2 protein. In this study, the PB2 sequence of H9N2 subtype AIV, from 1090 to 1689 bp, was cloned and expressed. The recombinant PB2 protein with cutting gel was used to immunize BALB/c mice. After cell fusion, the hybridoma cell lines secreting monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) targeting the PB2 protein were screened by indirect ELISA and western blotting, and the antigenic epitopes of mAbs were identified by constructing truncated overlapping fragments in the PB2 protein of H9N2 subtype AIV. The results showed that three hybridoma cell lines (4B7, 4D10, and 5H1) that stably secreted mAbs specific to the PB2 protein were screened; the heavy chain of 4B7 was IgG2α, those of 4D10 and 5H1 were IgG1, and all three mAbs had kappa light chain. Also, the minimum B-cell epitope recognized was <sup>475</sup>LRGVRVSK<sup>482</sup> and <sup>528</sup>TITYSSPMMW<sup>537</sup>. Homology analysis showed that these two epitopes were conserved among the different subtypes of AIV strains and located on the surface of the PB2 protein. The above findings provide an experimental foundation for further investigation of the function of the PB2 protein and developing monoclonal antibody-based diagnostic kits.</p>","PeriodicalId":8788,"journal":{"name":"Avian Pathology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2024-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140334589","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Research highlights: Development of nr-NDV.Reverse transfection was applied for the recovery of nr-NDV.Propagation of nr-NDV was done by sub-passaging transfected BSR T7/5 cells.Safety profile was done to prove that the nr-NDV is non-replicating.
研究重点开发了 nr-NDV.Reverse transfection 被用于回收 nr-NDV.Propagation of nr-NDV was done by sub-passaging transfected BSR T7/5 cells.Safety profile was done to prove that the nr-NDV is non-replicating.
{"title":"Development of a recombinant non-replicating Newcastle disease virus.","authors":"Pheik-Sheen Cheow, Tiong Kit Tan, Adelene Ai-Lian Song, Khatijah Yusoff, Suet Lin Chia","doi":"10.1080/03079457.2024.2403412","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/03079457.2024.2403412","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Research highlights: </strong>Development of nr-NDV.Reverse transfection was applied for the recovery of nr-NDV.Propagation of nr-NDV was done by sub-passaging transfected BSR T7/5 cells.Safety profile was done to prove that the nr-NDV is non-replicating.</p>","PeriodicalId":8788,"journal":{"name":"Avian Pathology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2024-09-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142340393","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}