The Canadian child and adolescent psychiatry review = La revue canadienne de psychiatrie de l'enfant et de l'adolescent最新文献

Introduction: this retrospective study aimed at exploring the impact of parental and youth narcissism on service utilization and response to psychotherapy.

Method: thirty-six 9-13 years-old narcissistic youths receiving a combined treatment (psychodynamic psychotherapy + parental counselling) were independently assessed for child pathological narcissism, parental narcissism, child's treatment attitude and psychiatric/ psychosocial services utilization.

Results: Parent and child narcissistic characteristics were negatively correlated with the use of OPD services. Child self-blame and lack of empathy predicted a lesser OPD utilization. Child pathological narcissism was significantly correlated with the specific treatment response pattern composed of the set of attitudes consistently observed in psychotherapy with narcissistic youths. Sixty percent of the variance in treatment response was accounted for by four narcissistic characteristics of the child: devaluation of others, avoidance of vulnerability, boredom, and self-blame. Post hoc analyses highlighted the role of the child's self-blame, which mediated the relation between parental narcissism and service use while acting as a moderator in reversing the relation between parent narcissism and treatment response. Relationships between self-blame, shame-proneness and guilt, and limitations of the study are discussed.

Conclusion: Prospective studies with a larger sample are needed to confirm the association between self-blame and response to treatment in narcissistic youths.

Depression, substance abuse, and aggressive behavior disorders have shown to be among the most influential risk factors for suicide in community and clinical studies of adolescents and adults. Increasing evidence suggests that adolescents who use and abuse alcohol and drugs are at increased risk for suicidal ideation, attempted suicide, and completed suicide, although conclusive evidence has not yet been presented suggesting that drug use causes suicidal thoughts and behaviors. This paper reviews existing epidemiological evidence on the link between the use of more commonly used drugs among adolescents (e.g., tobacco, alcohol, marijuana and inhalants) and suicidal thoughts and behaviors.

Objective: To assess which measurements best predict improvement on ADHD symptomatology after medication is given.

Methods: 147 children aged 6 to 12 years, diagnosed with ADHD, participated in a double-blind placebo controlled twoweek crossover trial of methylphenidate.

Results: There were statistically significant differences on all measures between placebo and medication. Effect size for the overall group was 0.33 (CGI-P), 0.80 (CGI-T), 1.33 (CGI), 0.56 (CPT), 0.82 (RASS).

Conclusions: Acute behavioural response measures, where children are observed by clinicians (RASS and CGI), were overall more reliable than parent reports in detecting improvement on ADHD symptomatology. Teacher reports were also very important, especially in the 9 to 12 year old group.

Introduction: To examine the attachment construct in terms of felt security, angry distress and perceived unavailability in hospitalized depressed adolescent females.

Method: A case comparison study of 51 adolescent females with depression and 22 adolescent females with other diagnoses was investigated.

Results: In a multivariable logistic regression model, lower selfesteem, lower peer support, greater angry distress and perceived unavailability in interaction with family type increased the likelihood of membership in the depressed group.

Conclusion: Absence of felt security increases the chances of having a diagnosis of depression.

Introduction: Over the past twenty years, the question of the effects of violence on television has figured prominently in public opinion and hundreds of studies have been devoted to this subject. Many researchers have determined that violence has a negative impact on behavior. The public, broadcasters and political figures all support the idea of reducing the total amount of violence on television - in particular in shows for children. A thousand programs aired between 1993 and 2001 on major non-specialty television networks in Canada were analyzed: TVA, TQS, as well as CTV and Global, private French and English networks, as well as the English CBC Radio and French Radio-Canada for the public networks.

Method: The methodology consists of a classic analysis of content where an act of violence constitutes a unit of analysis.

Results: The data collected revealed that the amount of violence has increased regularly since 1993 despite the stated willingness on the part of broadcasters to produce programs with less violence. The total number of violent acts, as well as the number of violent acts per hour, is increasing. Private networks deliver three times more violence than public networks. Researchers have also noted that a high proportion of violence occurs in programs airing before 21:00 hours, thereby exposing a large number of children to this violence.

Conclusion: Psychological violence is taking on a more significant role in Canadian Television.

Introduction: The recent growth of gambling problems among youth around the world is alarming. Researchers, clinicians, educators and the public have only begun to recognize the significance of this risky adolescent behaviour. With the continuous rise in gambling technology and the expansion of the gambling industry, more gambling opportunities exist today than ever before.

Method: The literature on gambling and youth was reviewed.

Results: Given the greater accessibility, availability, and promotion of gambling, more and more youth have become attracted to the perceived excitement, entertainment, and financial freedom associated with gambling. While Internet gambling is a recent phenomenon that remains to be explored, the potential for future problems among youth is high, especially among a generation of young people who have grown up with videogames, computers, and the Internet.

Conclusion: Our current knowledge and understanding of the seriousness of gambling problems, its magnitude, and its impact on the health and well-being of children and youth compels us to respond to these new forms of gambling in a timely and effective manner.

Introduction: Kids' Take on Media is a national study of Canadian children's and adolescents' experience with media.

Method: The survey was designed and conducted by ERIN Research in spring, 2003 for the Canadian Teachers' Federation (CTF) following consultation with the Media Awareness Network (MNet), and with funding from the National Crime Prevention Centre, Justice Canada.

Results: While there is an extensive literature on the links between media violence and behaviour, this survey asks kids directly what they think: How attractive is media violence? Have they seen other kids imitate violent acts that they saw in the media? Do kids see media violence as harmful?

Conclusion: Parental supervision of media use and family discussion of media issues have significant effects on kids' opinion regarding media violence. When families and significant others provide a framework for thinking about violence in media, kids are better equipped to assess an negative impact.