Pub Date : 2010-07-01DOI: 10.3109/16513860903565248
F. Calzolari
Abstract Computed tomography (CT) and magnetic resonance (MR) represent anatomical structures along the auditory pathway, from the external ear to the auditory cortex. Evolution of CT machines makes it possible to scan a large volume in less time and provide new opportunities for post-processing and image reconstruction, such as virtual endoscopy and three-dimensional imaging of the middle ear. CT and MR are complementary for representation of the inner ear in different ways. Through MR it is possible to analyse not only morphological but also functional aspects of the brain, e.g. the progression of myelination or cortical activation during different tasks. Advanced techniques of morphological and functional imaging should be employed with caution, and should always be in association with audiological and neurological examination and conventional imaging, and consideration of their pitfalls and technical limitations.
{"title":"From the external ear to the auditory cortex: A ‘realistic’ voyage through the imaging along the auditory pathways","authors":"F. Calzolari","doi":"10.3109/16513860903565248","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3109/16513860903565248","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract Computed tomography (CT) and magnetic resonance (MR) represent anatomical structures along the auditory pathway, from the external ear to the auditory cortex. Evolution of CT machines makes it possible to scan a large volume in less time and provide new opportunities for post-processing and image reconstruction, such as virtual endoscopy and three-dimensional imaging of the middle ear. CT and MR are complementary for representation of the inner ear in different ways. Through MR it is possible to analyse not only morphological but also functional aspects of the brain, e.g. the progression of myelination or cortical activation during different tasks. Advanced techniques of morphological and functional imaging should be employed with caution, and should always be in association with audiological and neurological examination and conventional imaging, and consideration of their pitfalls and technical limitations.","PeriodicalId":88223,"journal":{"name":"Audiological medicine","volume":"17 1","pages":"77 - 87"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2010-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"85581898","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2010-07-01DOI: 10.3109/16513860903454583
R. Illing, N. Rosskothen-Kuhl, M. Fredrich, H. Hildebrandt, A. C. Zeber
Abstract Objective: It has been debated for decades if and to what extent the mature central nervous system of mammals is capable to respond to altered sensory use and function with changes of structure and function. We attempted to shed new light on the neuroplastic potential of the central auditory system, using light and electron microscopic techniques to explore it on the levels of cells (both neurons and glia), synapses, selected molecular components of the tissue, and the spatiotemporal relationship among these following the induction of changed patterns of sensory activity. Study Design: Working in an animal model, we induced two modifications to normal auditory signalling in the adult rat brain. Through unilateral cochleotomy, we caused a total primary deafferentation in the cochlear nucleus and abolished all sensory input through the ear. By electrical intracochlear stimulation (EIS) we substituted normal sensory signalling by an artificial input that was under complete temporal control. Results: Following cochlear ablation, we observed a complex succession of molecular and cellular changes. They included a massive expression and redistribution of glial as well as neuronal markers, and resulted in newly formed synaptic contacts that grow in from the superior olivary complex. Acute EIS has affects on the gene expression throughout the ascending auditory system within hours. With gradually extended stimulation periods, we observed a variety of other tissue constituents to change, eventually also including GAP-43, indicator of nascent synaptic contacts. Conclusion: The adult mammalian brainstem is capable of extensive remodelling on the level of synapse number, synapse growth, and consequential network dynamics under the influence of altered patterns of sensory stimulation. These changes include cellular correlates of learning and memory. It is a challenge for auditory neuroscience and the rehabilitation of the hearing-impaired to learn to exploit this potential to the limit.
{"title":"Imaging the plasticity of the central auditory system on the cellular and molecular level","authors":"R. Illing, N. Rosskothen-Kuhl, M. Fredrich, H. Hildebrandt, A. C. Zeber","doi":"10.3109/16513860903454583","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3109/16513860903454583","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract Objective: It has been debated for decades if and to what extent the mature central nervous system of mammals is capable to respond to altered sensory use and function with changes of structure and function. We attempted to shed new light on the neuroplastic potential of the central auditory system, using light and electron microscopic techniques to explore it on the levels of cells (both neurons and glia), synapses, selected molecular components of the tissue, and the spatiotemporal relationship among these following the induction of changed patterns of sensory activity. Study Design: Working in an animal model, we induced two modifications to normal auditory signalling in the adult rat brain. Through unilateral cochleotomy, we caused a total primary deafferentation in the cochlear nucleus and abolished all sensory input through the ear. By electrical intracochlear stimulation (EIS) we substituted normal sensory signalling by an artificial input that was under complete temporal control. Results: Following cochlear ablation, we observed a complex succession of molecular and cellular changes. They included a massive expression and redistribution of glial as well as neuronal markers, and resulted in newly formed synaptic contacts that grow in from the superior olivary complex. Acute EIS has affects on the gene expression throughout the ascending auditory system within hours. With gradually extended stimulation periods, we observed a variety of other tissue constituents to change, eventually also including GAP-43, indicator of nascent synaptic contacts. Conclusion: The adult mammalian brainstem is capable of extensive remodelling on the level of synapse number, synapse growth, and consequential network dynamics under the influence of altered patterns of sensory stimulation. These changes include cellular correlates of learning and memory. It is a challenge for auditory neuroscience and the rehabilitation of the hearing-impaired to learn to exploit this potential to the limit.","PeriodicalId":88223,"journal":{"name":"Audiological medicine","volume":"23 1","pages":"63 - 76"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2010-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"87086790","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2010-07-01DOI: 10.3109/1651386X.2010.488896
F. Di Salle, E. Cantone, G. Auletta, E. Marciano
Abstract The purpose of this article is to discuss the impact of the newest neuroimaging techniques on knowledge regarding the functional organization of the auditory system. An impressive acceleration of comprehension of this subject has been realized following the introduction of functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) methods into audiological research and, even more, by the creation of tailored procedures able to extract from the brain information regarding the processing of auditory stimuli. Until very recently, the study of the auditory system has proceeded at a considerably slower pace than other functional systems. This is due to several problematic factors, including the intrinsic anatomy of the auditory system and some peculiar interactions between audition mechanisms and fMRI techniques. To overcome these problems, different approaches have recently been proposed, which generally require a careful tailoring of the experimental designs of fMRI methodology, and of the strategies of data processing, to the specific problems of audition and the particular research goal. This article reviews the present state of fMRI research on audition, examining the solutions already existing and those under development in relation to the specific problems of auditory fMRI. The increasing knowledge about the auditory system, derived in part from fMRI research, has already opened new avenues in the comprehension of basic and high level neural processes in audition.
{"title":"Functional dissection of auditory cortex with magnetic resonance imaging","authors":"F. Di Salle, E. Cantone, G. Auletta, E. Marciano","doi":"10.3109/1651386X.2010.488896","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3109/1651386X.2010.488896","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract The purpose of this article is to discuss the impact of the newest neuroimaging techniques on knowledge regarding the functional organization of the auditory system. An impressive acceleration of comprehension of this subject has been realized following the introduction of functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) methods into audiological research and, even more, by the creation of tailored procedures able to extract from the brain information regarding the processing of auditory stimuli. Until very recently, the study of the auditory system has proceeded at a considerably slower pace than other functional systems. This is due to several problematic factors, including the intrinsic anatomy of the auditory system and some peculiar interactions between audition mechanisms and fMRI techniques. To overcome these problems, different approaches have recently been proposed, which generally require a careful tailoring of the experimental designs of fMRI methodology, and of the strategies of data processing, to the specific problems of audition and the particular research goal. This article reviews the present state of fMRI research on audition, examining the solutions already existing and those under development in relation to the specific problems of auditory fMRI. The increasing knowledge about the auditory system, derived in part from fMRI research, has already opened new avenues in the comprehension of basic and high level neural processes in audition.","PeriodicalId":88223,"journal":{"name":"Audiological medicine","volume":"165 1","pages":"88 - 99"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2010-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"86741996","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2010-07-01DOI: 10.3109/16513860903444311
F. Mammano, F. Anselmi
Abstract The genes GJB2 and GJB6 respectively encoding transmembrane proteins connexin 26 (C×26) and connexin 30 (C×30) are found within 50 kb of each other in the DFNB1 complex deafness locus on chromosome 13ql2. Up to 50% of all patients with autosomal recessive non-syndromic prelingual deafness in different populations present with mutations or deletions in this locus. C×26 and C×30 are abundantly expressed in the inner ear and, in recent years, have been shown to form hemichannels that release ATP from the endolymphatic surface of supporting and epithelial cells of the organ of Corti (OoC), as well as gap junction (GJ) channels that allow the concomitant intercellular diffusion of Ca2+ mobilizing second messengers. Released ATP in turn activates G-protein coupled P2Y2 and P2Y4 receptors, PLC-dependent generation of IP3, release of Ca2+ from intracellular stores, ensuing in the regenerative propagation of intercellular Ca2+ signals (ICS) across these coupled cells. The range of ICS propagation in the OoC is sensitive to the concentration of extracellular divalent cations and to ectonucleotidase activity. Strictly related oscillations of the intracellular free Ca2+ concentration ([Ca2+]i) in cochlear supporting cells are also evoked by nanomolar concentrations of ATP on the endolymphatic surface of the OoC. ICS and [Ca2+]i oscillations are of great interest in relation to the responses evoked by damaging stimuli delivered to hair cells, and may play a crucial role in development of the OoC and the acquisition of hearing.
{"title":"Inner ear connexins, intercellular signalling and deafness","authors":"F. Mammano, F. Anselmi","doi":"10.3109/16513860903444311","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3109/16513860903444311","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract The genes GJB2 and GJB6 respectively encoding transmembrane proteins connexin 26 (C×26) and connexin 30 (C×30) are found within 50 kb of each other in the DFNB1 complex deafness locus on chromosome 13ql2. Up to 50% of all patients with autosomal recessive non-syndromic prelingual deafness in different populations present with mutations or deletions in this locus. C×26 and C×30 are abundantly expressed in the inner ear and, in recent years, have been shown to form hemichannels that release ATP from the endolymphatic surface of supporting and epithelial cells of the organ of Corti (OoC), as well as gap junction (GJ) channels that allow the concomitant intercellular diffusion of Ca2+ mobilizing second messengers. Released ATP in turn activates G-protein coupled P2Y2 and P2Y4 receptors, PLC-dependent generation of IP3, release of Ca2+ from intracellular stores, ensuing in the regenerative propagation of intercellular Ca2+ signals (ICS) across these coupled cells. The range of ICS propagation in the OoC is sensitive to the concentration of extracellular divalent cations and to ectonucleotidase activity. Strictly related oscillations of the intracellular free Ca2+ concentration ([Ca2+]i) in cochlear supporting cells are also evoked by nanomolar concentrations of ATP on the endolymphatic surface of the OoC. ICS and [Ca2+]i oscillations are of great interest in relation to the responses evoked by damaging stimuli delivered to hair cells, and may play a crucial role in development of the OoC and the acquisition of hearing.","PeriodicalId":88223,"journal":{"name":"Audiological medicine","volume":"8 1","pages":"50 - 55"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2010-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"74263261","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2010-07-01DOI: 10.3109/16513860903320300
H. Rask-Andersen, Wei Liu, M. Boström, K. Pfaller, A. Kinnefors, R. Glueckert, A. Schrott-Fischer
Abstract Objective: Prestin is an anion-transporter-related protein highly expressed in mammalian outer hair cells (OHCs). It is associated with the OHC basolateral plasma membrane and responsible for cell body contraction, increasing cochlear sensitivity and frequency resolution. Here, we analysed the expression and distribution of prestin in the human cochlea. Study Design: Immunohistochemistry including confocal microscopy and SEM were performed on EDTA-decalcified human cochlea removed during petro-clival meningioma surgery. Results: Prestin was found to be expressed solely in OHCs. No staining was seen in IHCs. Prestin immunolabelling framed the OHCs along the sensory region of the human cochlea. Staining was most prominent in the lateral cell membrane with less expression in the sub- and peri-nuclear part of the cell. Prestin immunostaining was also detected in the OHC cytosol, presumably reflecting intracellular molecular trafficking. Conclusion: This study describes for the first time the localization and distribution of prestin in the well preserved human organ of Corti.
{"title":"Immunolocalization of prestin in the human cochlea","authors":"H. Rask-Andersen, Wei Liu, M. Boström, K. Pfaller, A. Kinnefors, R. Glueckert, A. Schrott-Fischer","doi":"10.3109/16513860903320300","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3109/16513860903320300","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract Objective: Prestin is an anion-transporter-related protein highly expressed in mammalian outer hair cells (OHCs). It is associated with the OHC basolateral plasma membrane and responsible for cell body contraction, increasing cochlear sensitivity and frequency resolution. Here, we analysed the expression and distribution of prestin in the human cochlea. Study Design: Immunohistochemistry including confocal microscopy and SEM were performed on EDTA-decalcified human cochlea removed during petro-clival meningioma surgery. Results: Prestin was found to be expressed solely in OHCs. No staining was seen in IHCs. Prestin immunolabelling framed the OHCs along the sensory region of the human cochlea. Staining was most prominent in the lateral cell membrane with less expression in the sub- and peri-nuclear part of the cell. Prestin immunostaining was also detected in the OHC cytosol, presumably reflecting intracellular molecular trafficking. Conclusion: This study describes for the first time the localization and distribution of prestin in the well preserved human organ of Corti.","PeriodicalId":88223,"journal":{"name":"Audiological medicine","volume":"1996 1","pages":"56 - 62"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2010-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"89819317","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2010-07-01DOI: 10.3109/1651386X.2010.494077
R. Pujol
Abstract This article provides a brief historic review of what has happened in the field of cochlear imaging over the last few decades, during the period when I was involved in inner ear research.
这篇文章提供了一个简短的历史回顾，在过去的几十年里，在我参与内耳研究期间，耳蜗成像领域发生了什么。
{"title":"Imaging the cochlea: Milestones of the last decades","authors":"R. Pujol","doi":"10.3109/1651386X.2010.494077","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3109/1651386X.2010.494077","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract This article provides a brief historic review of what has happened in the field of cochlear imaging over the last few decades, during the period when I was involved in inner ear research.","PeriodicalId":88223,"journal":{"name":"Audiological medicine","volume":"4 1","pages":"45 - 49"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2010-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"90096588","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2010-07-01DOI: 10.3109/1651386X.2010.495243
P. Barone, K. Strelnikov, O. Déguine
Abstract In this review, we discuss evidence from our recent studies and the literature that deaf patients after cochlear implantation partly rely on visual cues during auditory recovery and develop mechanisms of audio-visual integration as a strategy to maintain high levels of speech recognition in the noisy auditory environments provided by cochlear implants. This evidence is considered both at the behavioural level and at the level of cortical activity as explored by studies in functional neuroimaging. Since coupling different modalities facilitates perceptual learning in a single modality, we believe that a strong visually and audio-visually based rehabilitation during the first months after cochlear implantation would significantly improve and hasten the functional recovery of speech intelligibility and other auditory functions in these patients.
{"title":"Auditory recovery and speechreading in cochlear implanted deaf patients: A review","authors":"P. Barone, K. Strelnikov, O. Déguine","doi":"10.3109/1651386X.2010.495243","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3109/1651386X.2010.495243","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract In this review, we discuss evidence from our recent studies and the literature that deaf patients after cochlear implantation partly rely on visual cues during auditory recovery and develop mechanisms of audio-visual integration as a strategy to maintain high levels of speech recognition in the noisy auditory environments provided by cochlear implants. This evidence is considered both at the behavioural level and at the level of cortical activity as explored by studies in functional neuroimaging. Since coupling different modalities facilitates perceptual learning in a single modality, we believe that a strong visually and audio-visually based rehabilitation during the first months after cochlear implantation would significantly improve and hasten the functional recovery of speech intelligibility and other auditory functions in these patients.","PeriodicalId":88223,"journal":{"name":"Audiological medicine","volume":"10 1","pages":"100 - 106"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2010-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"74285847","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2010-01-01DOI: 10.3109/16513860903565214
S. Usami, Maiko Miyagawa, N. Suzuki, Hideaki Moteki, S. Nishio, Y. Takumi, S. Iwasaki
Abstract There is a certain number of patients with so-called ski-slope hearing loss, in which there is good hearing for lower frequencies in spite of little/no hearing in high frequencies. EAS (electric-acoustic stimulation) has recently been introduced for such patients with residual hearing at lower frequencies. Ski-slope hearing loss can have either a progressive nature or can be rather stable; therefore, decisions regarding timing of surgery are sometimes hampered. One advantage of genetic testing is that the possible prognosis for hearing, i.e. progressive or not, can be predicted for individual patients. The present study was performed to estimate the frequency of ski-slope hearing loss and investigate the genetic background of candidates for EAS. Using a 2587 subject DNA database of sensorineural hearing loss patients, 1) frequency of patients with ski-slope hearing loss, 2) their clinical features including inheritance mode, onset ages, and progression, and 3) involvement of four common genes with mutations in Japanese hearing loss patients, were evaluated. One hundred and fifty-one out of 2587 subjects fulfilled the audiological criteria for EAS. The frequency of patients possibly meeting the criteria for EAS was estimated to be 9.1% by restriction to probands only (139/1520). Various inheritance modes and onset ages were noted, with earlier onset in the patients with sporadic/recessive inheritance mode. Progressiveness was recognized in 56% of the patients. Genetic analysis identified mutations in 26.6% of the patients, including the mitochondrial 1555A>G mutation, and mutations in SLC26A4, CDH23, and GJB2 genes, suggesting that at the least, these four genes may be involved in a certain group of patients, but also leaving possible genetic causes in the majority of the patients undetermined. As most of the patients showed a progressive nature in their hearing, genetic testing adds important additional information for candidates for EAS.
{"title":"Genetic background of candidates for EAS (Electric-Acoustic Stimulation)","authors":"S. Usami, Maiko Miyagawa, N. Suzuki, Hideaki Moteki, S. Nishio, Y. Takumi, S. Iwasaki","doi":"10.3109/16513860903565214","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3109/16513860903565214","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract There is a certain number of patients with so-called ski-slope hearing loss, in which there is good hearing for lower frequencies in spite of little/no hearing in high frequencies. EAS (electric-acoustic stimulation) has recently been introduced for such patients with residual hearing at lower frequencies. Ski-slope hearing loss can have either a progressive nature or can be rather stable; therefore, decisions regarding timing of surgery are sometimes hampered. One advantage of genetic testing is that the possible prognosis for hearing, i.e. progressive or not, can be predicted for individual patients. The present study was performed to estimate the frequency of ski-slope hearing loss and investigate the genetic background of candidates for EAS. Using a 2587 subject DNA database of sensorineural hearing loss patients, 1) frequency of patients with ski-slope hearing loss, 2) their clinical features including inheritance mode, onset ages, and progression, and 3) involvement of four common genes with mutations in Japanese hearing loss patients, were evaluated. One hundred and fifty-one out of 2587 subjects fulfilled the audiological criteria for EAS. The frequency of patients possibly meeting the criteria for EAS was estimated to be 9.1% by restriction to probands only (139/1520). Various inheritance modes and onset ages were noted, with earlier onset in the patients with sporadic/recessive inheritance mode. Progressiveness was recognized in 56% of the patients. Genetic analysis identified mutations in 26.6% of the patients, including the mitochondrial 1555A>G mutation, and mutations in SLC26A4, CDH23, and GJB2 genes, suggesting that at the least, these four genes may be involved in a certain group of patients, but also leaving possible genetic causes in the majority of the patients undetermined. As most of the patients showed a progressive nature in their hearing, genetic testing adds important additional information for candidates for EAS.","PeriodicalId":88223,"journal":{"name":"Audiological medicine","volume":"5 1","pages":"28 - 32"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2010-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"81379213","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2010-01-01DOI: 10.3109/16513861003650658
A. Pirodda, C. Borghi, G. Ferri
Abstract Tinnitus is a major problem for a significant proportion of the population, and at this time no specific pharmacological therapies are available. On the other hand, a number of pharmaceutical drugs are labelled as able to induce tinnitus. The list of the latter is reviewed, as well as the principal pharmacological proposals for relieving this symptom. Unexpectedly, some drugs that can be considered as a potential source of tinnitus, such as the angiotensin II receptor blockers, conversely seem to be the most favourable anti-hypertensive drugs from the audiological point of view, in order to maintain a steady blood perfusion to the inner ear. The problem of matching the necessity of preserving the homeostasis of a sensory organ with a terminal blood supply for which no specific pharmacological treatments are proposed, and to obtain a safe cardiocirculatory balance, is outlined. More generally, the necessity of a multidisciplinary approach in treating inner ear disorders that are not fully understood is considered.
{"title":"Drugs and tinnitus: A review of a controversial matter","authors":"A. Pirodda, C. Borghi, G. Ferri","doi":"10.3109/16513861003650658","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3109/16513861003650658","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract Tinnitus is a major problem for a significant proportion of the population, and at this time no specific pharmacological therapies are available. On the other hand, a number of pharmaceutical drugs are labelled as able to induce tinnitus. The list of the latter is reviewed, as well as the principal pharmacological proposals for relieving this symptom. Unexpectedly, some drugs that can be considered as a potential source of tinnitus, such as the angiotensin II receptor blockers, conversely seem to be the most favourable anti-hypertensive drugs from the audiological point of view, in order to maintain a steady blood perfusion to the inner ear. The problem of matching the necessity of preserving the homeostasis of a sensory organ with a terminal blood supply for which no specific pharmacological treatments are proposed, and to obtain a safe cardiocirculatory balance, is outlined. More generally, the necessity of a multidisciplinary approach in treating inner ear disorders that are not fully understood is considered.","PeriodicalId":88223,"journal":{"name":"Audiological medicine","volume":"56 1","pages":"1 - 4"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2010-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"82760923","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2010-01-01DOI: 10.3109/16513861003647027
G. Haus, A. Mancuso
Abstract Some cognitive and emotional aspects of music perception are strongly related to cultural and linguistic elements. A new highly integrated approach to the representation of music, score, audio, video, and graphical contents can be appreciated together, and can introduce new perspectives to interact with the music contents, and can enrich the models of music currently available.
{"title":"Hearing music images","authors":"G. Haus, A. Mancuso","doi":"10.3109/16513861003647027","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3109/16513861003647027","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract Some cognitive and emotional aspects of music perception are strongly related to cultural and linguistic elements. A new highly integrated approach to the representation of music, score, audio, video, and graphical contents can be appreciated together, and can introduce new perspectives to interact with the music contents, and can enrich the models of music currently available.","PeriodicalId":88223,"journal":{"name":"Audiological medicine","volume":"13 1","pages":"17 - 5"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2010-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"87765609","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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