Pub Date : 2010-02-26DOI: 10.1080/10874200903543963
T. Collura, Joseph Guan Mm.Ed, J. Tarrant, J. Bailey, F. Starr
ABSTRACT This article summarizes clinical results using a neurofeedback approach that has been developed over the last several years and is seeing increasing clinical use. All participants used a form of live Z-score training (LZT) that produces sound and video feedback, based on a computation using a normative database to produce multiple targets. The client receives simple feedback that reflects a complex set of relationships between amplitude and connectivity metrics. Changes in the EEG are readily seen that conform to the reinforcement parameters being used in relation to the live Z-scores. In addition, over multiple sessions, QEEG data are seen to change significantly, generally on a path toward overall remediation. In this series of case studies LZT is seen to effectively address EEG abnormalities in a structured fashion and to facilitate normalization of the EEG. In individual cases, specific changes are observed, related to the initial conditions, and the brain's ability to respond with appropriat...
{"title":"EEG Biofeedback Case Studies Using Live Z-Score Training and a Normative Database","authors":"T. Collura, Joseph Guan Mm.Ed, J. Tarrant, J. Bailey, F. Starr","doi":"10.1080/10874200903543963","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/10874200903543963","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT This article summarizes clinical results using a neurofeedback approach that has been developed over the last several years and is seeing increasing clinical use. All participants used a form of live Z-score training (LZT) that produces sound and video feedback, based on a computation using a normative database to produce multiple targets. The client receives simple feedback that reflects a complex set of relationships between amplitude and connectivity metrics. Changes in the EEG are readily seen that conform to the reinforcement parameters being used in relation to the live Z-scores. In addition, over multiple sessions, QEEG data are seen to change significantly, generally on a path toward overall remediation. In this series of case studies LZT is seen to effectively address EEG abnormalities in a structured fashion and to facilitate normalization of the EEG. In individual cases, specific changes are observed, related to the initial conditions, and the brain's ability to respond with appropriat...","PeriodicalId":88271,"journal":{"name":"Journal of neurotherapy","volume":"14 1","pages":"22-46"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2010-02-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1080/10874200903543963","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"59804733","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2010-02-26DOI: 10.1080/10874200903543922
Bo Ma, L. Thompson, M. O. Thompson
ABSTRACT Introduction. Behavioral and cognitive improvements in clients with Asperger's Syndrome (AS), employing continuous performance tests (CPTs), intelligence and academic measures, and electroencephalographic data, have been reported following 40 sessions of neurofeedback (NFB) training combined with coaching in metacognitive strategies. However, measures of executive functions (EFs) in this population have not been commonly employed and NFB is still not commonly used as a treatment for AS. Therefore, this pilot project used Tower of London – Drexel University (ToLDX), an individually administered test of EFs, in addition to the previously mentioned measures. The goal of the current study was to investigate the utility of ToLDX as an assessment tool for clients with AS as well as further study the effects of NFB and training in metacognitive strategies on executive functioning in clients with AS. Method. Nineteen consecutive clients at the ADD Centre, Toronto, Canada (M age = 12 years 0 months) recru...
{"title":"Pilot Project to Ascertain the Utility of Tower of London Test to Assess Outcomes of Neurofeedback in Clients with Asperger's Syndrome","authors":"Bo Ma, L. Thompson, M. O. Thompson","doi":"10.1080/10874200903543922","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/10874200903543922","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT Introduction. Behavioral and cognitive improvements in clients with Asperger's Syndrome (AS), employing continuous performance tests (CPTs), intelligence and academic measures, and electroencephalographic data, have been reported following 40 sessions of neurofeedback (NFB) training combined with coaching in metacognitive strategies. However, measures of executive functions (EFs) in this population have not been commonly employed and NFB is still not commonly used as a treatment for AS. Therefore, this pilot project used Tower of London – Drexel University (ToLDX), an individually administered test of EFs, in addition to the previously mentioned measures. The goal of the current study was to investigate the utility of ToLDX as an assessment tool for clients with AS as well as further study the effects of NFB and training in metacognitive strategies on executive functioning in clients with AS. Method. Nineteen consecutive clients at the ADD Centre, Toronto, Canada (M age = 12 years 0 months) recru...","PeriodicalId":88271,"journal":{"name":"Journal of neurotherapy","volume":"14 1","pages":"3-19"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2010-02-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1080/10874200903543922","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"59804677","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2009-11-30DOI: 10.1080/10874200903334371
M. Jensen, L. Sherlin, S. Hakimian, F. Fregni
ABSTRACT Two lines of evidence provide preliminary support for the role that brain state, measured via electroencephalogram (EEG), may play in chronic pain. First, research has identified a link between brain EEG activity and the experience of pain. Second, there are a number of published studies documenting the beneficial effects of interventions that impact the cortical activity associated with chronic pain. These interventions include neurobehavioral treatments such as neurofeedback and hypnosis as well as invasive and non-invasive brain stimulation. Preliminary data showing the efficacy of neuromodulatory strategies for treating pain provides compelling reason to examine how cortical activity (as measured by EEG) may underlie the experience of pain. Existing data already suggest specific approaches that neurofeedback clinicians might consider when treating patients with chronic pain. Reciprocally, observations by neurofeedback practitioners could provide important case data that could foster the desig...
{"title":"Neuromodulatory Approaches for Chronic Pain Management: Research Findings and Clinical Implications","authors":"M. Jensen, L. Sherlin, S. Hakimian, F. Fregni","doi":"10.1080/10874200903334371","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/10874200903334371","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT Two lines of evidence provide preliminary support for the role that brain state, measured via electroencephalogram (EEG), may play in chronic pain. First, research has identified a link between brain EEG activity and the experience of pain. Second, there are a number of published studies documenting the beneficial effects of interventions that impact the cortical activity associated with chronic pain. These interventions include neurobehavioral treatments such as neurofeedback and hypnosis as well as invasive and non-invasive brain stimulation. Preliminary data showing the efficacy of neuromodulatory strategies for treating pain provides compelling reason to examine how cortical activity (as measured by EEG) may underlie the experience of pain. Existing data already suggest specific approaches that neurofeedback clinicians might consider when treating patients with chronic pain. Reciprocally, observations by neurofeedback practitioners could provide important case data that could foster the desig...","PeriodicalId":88271,"journal":{"name":"Journal of neurotherapy","volume":"13 1","pages":"196-213"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2009-11-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1080/10874200903334371","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"59804578","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2009-11-30DOI: 10.1080/10874200903334389
R. Jacobs
{"title":"Rhythms of Healing: A Case Study","authors":"R. Jacobs","doi":"10.1080/10874200903334389","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/10874200903334389","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":88271,"journal":{"name":"Journal of neurotherapy","volume":"13 1","pages":"228-238"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2009-11-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1080/10874200903334389","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"59804590","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2009-11-30DOI: 10.1080/10874200903334397
D. Vernon, T. Dempster, O. Bazanova, N. Rutterford, M. Pasqualini, S. Andersen
ABSTRACT Introduction. Considerable interest has been, and still is, generated by the potential performance enhancing benefits of alpha neurofeedback training (NFT) for healthy participants. A plausible rationale for such training, with an aim to improve mood and/or enhance cognition, can be made based upon what is already known of the links between alpha EEG activity and behavior. However, designing an optimal NFT paradigm remains difficult because a number of methodological factors that may influence the outcome of such training remain largely unexplored. Method. This article focuses on these methodological factors in an attempt to highlight some of the unanswered questions and stimulate future research. Results. Specifically, this article examines the NFT training schedule; the variety, basis, and setting of reward thresholds; the nature and modality of the feedback signal provided; unidirectional as compared to bidirectional NFT; the establishment of a target frequency range for alpha; whether NFT sho...
{"title":"Alpha Neurofeedback Training for Performance Enhancement: Reviewing the Methodology","authors":"D. Vernon, T. Dempster, O. Bazanova, N. Rutterford, M. Pasqualini, S. Andersen","doi":"10.1080/10874200903334397","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/10874200903334397","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT Introduction. Considerable interest has been, and still is, generated by the potential performance enhancing benefits of alpha neurofeedback training (NFT) for healthy participants. A plausible rationale for such training, with an aim to improve mood and/or enhance cognition, can be made based upon what is already known of the links between alpha EEG activity and behavior. However, designing an optimal NFT paradigm remains difficult because a number of methodological factors that may influence the outcome of such training remain largely unexplored. Method. This article focuses on these methodological factors in an attempt to highlight some of the unanswered questions and stimulate future research. Results. Specifically, this article examines the NFT training schedule; the variety, basis, and setting of reward thresholds; the nature and modality of the feedback signal provided; unidirectional as compared to bidirectional NFT; the establishment of a target frequency range for alpha; whether NFT sho...","PeriodicalId":88271,"journal":{"name":"Journal of neurotherapy","volume":"13 1","pages":"214-227"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2009-11-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1080/10874200903334397","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"59804626","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2009-09-03DOI: 10.1080/10874200903107314
K. Berg, Dave Siever Cet
ABSTRACT Introduction. Seasonal Affective Disorder (SAD) affects up to 6% of the population, primarily in the winter months and at higher latitudes. Methods. Light-box therapy has been the traditional intervention for SAD, where the individual is exposed to a bright light for substantial periods in an effort to replace the lack of sunshine. Audio-visual entrainment (AVE) is a technique using flashing lights through a pair of specially designed glasses and pulses of tones through headphones. The expectation of AVE is to affect brain wave activity through auditory and visual stimulation at specific frequencies. The objective of this study was to determine if AVE is a viable treatment for SAD. The study involved 74 participants in a comparison design with a control group (no flashing lights or pulsed tones) and an AVE group that received a placebo treatment (AVE at 1 Hz flashing lights and pulsed tones) for 2 weeks, followed by an active treatment phase (20 Hz flashing lights and pulsed tones) for another 2 ...
{"title":"A Controlled Comparison of Audio-Visual Entrainment for Treating Seasonal Affective Disorder","authors":"K. Berg, Dave Siever Cet","doi":"10.1080/10874200903107314","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/10874200903107314","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT Introduction. Seasonal Affective Disorder (SAD) affects up to 6% of the population, primarily in the winter months and at higher latitudes. Methods. Light-box therapy has been the traditional intervention for SAD, where the individual is exposed to a bright light for substantial periods in an effort to replace the lack of sunshine. Audio-visual entrainment (AVE) is a technique using flashing lights through a pair of specially designed glasses and pulses of tones through headphones. The expectation of AVE is to affect brain wave activity through auditory and visual stimulation at specific frequencies. The objective of this study was to determine if AVE is a viable treatment for SAD. The study involved 74 participants in a comparison design with a control group (no flashing lights or pulsed tones) and an AVE group that received a placebo treatment (AVE at 1 Hz flashing lights and pulsed tones) for 2 weeks, followed by an active treatment phase (20 Hz flashing lights and pulsed tones) for another 2 ...","PeriodicalId":88271,"journal":{"name":"Journal of neurotherapy","volume":"17 1","pages":"166-175"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2009-09-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1080/10874200903107314","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"59804424","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2009-09-03DOI: 10.1080/10874200903118378
Victoria L. Ibric, L. Dragomirescu, W. Hudspeth
ABSTRACT Introduction. Changes in quantitative EEG during and in response to neurofeedback (NF) training was explored in patients with traumatic brain injury (TBI). Data from 19 adults with a TBI of moderate mechanical nature, non-drug-related, and without severe posttraumatic stress disorder or seizure disorder were analyzed (14 male and 5 female). Methods. EEG was evaluated before, during, and after ROSHI NF training. Data were collected as duplicate samples of 6 min each during eyes open and eyes closed conditions, but only the eyes closed condition was analyzed. Results. Significant changes in connectivity occurred during and in response to NF training. Conclusion. Results showed significant changes in real-time QEEG connectivity. An evaluation of a larger subject population will clarify gender differences in connectivity responses to NF training.
{"title":"Real-Time Changes in Connectivities During Neurofeedback","authors":"Victoria L. Ibric, L. Dragomirescu, W. Hudspeth","doi":"10.1080/10874200903118378","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/10874200903118378","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT Introduction. Changes in quantitative EEG during and in response to neurofeedback (NF) training was explored in patients with traumatic brain injury (TBI). Data from 19 adults with a TBI of moderate mechanical nature, non-drug-related, and without severe posttraumatic stress disorder or seizure disorder were analyzed (14 male and 5 female). Methods. EEG was evaluated before, during, and after ROSHI NF training. Data were collected as duplicate samples of 6 min each during eyes open and eyes closed conditions, but only the eyes closed condition was analyzed. Results. Significant changes in connectivity occurred during and in response to NF training. Conclusion. Results showed significant changes in real-time QEEG connectivity. An evaluation of a larger subject population will clarify gender differences in connectivity responses to NF training.","PeriodicalId":88271,"journal":{"name":"Journal of neurotherapy","volume":"13 1","pages":"156-165"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2009-09-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1080/10874200903118378","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"59804473","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2009-09-03DOI: 10.1080/10874200903107405
Cynthia Kerson, R. Sherman, G. Kozlowski
ABSTRACT Introduction. Twenty-eight anxious adults were assessed for frontal lobe alpha asymmetry, a brain state associated with depression and anxiety. Fifteen of the 28 exhibited significant asymmetry and 12 agreed to participate in a biofeedback program addressed at reducing frontal alpha asymmetry. Method. The program consisted of earlobe temperature biofeedback (ETB) and two forms of neurofeedback, alpha suppression and alpha symmetry training. Individuals were instructed to warm their right earlobe for six sessions, and half succeeded, though success was not required to advance to the next stage of training. For subsequent EEG training, two anterior sites were selected on the basis of poor alpha coherence. Individuals were trained to reduce alpha magnitude at these sites by 10% for 30 min or more, which took from 6 to 16 sessions to achieve. Once successful with alpha suppression, individuals were trained to improve alpha symmetry between the sites by 15% for 30 min or more. Results. This feat took ...
{"title":"Alpha Suppression and Symmetry Training for Generalized Anxiety Symptoms","authors":"Cynthia Kerson, R. Sherman, G. Kozlowski","doi":"10.1080/10874200903107405","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/10874200903107405","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT Introduction. Twenty-eight anxious adults were assessed for frontal lobe alpha asymmetry, a brain state associated with depression and anxiety. Fifteen of the 28 exhibited significant asymmetry and 12 agreed to participate in a biofeedback program addressed at reducing frontal alpha asymmetry. Method. The program consisted of earlobe temperature biofeedback (ETB) and two forms of neurofeedback, alpha suppression and alpha symmetry training. Individuals were instructed to warm their right earlobe for six sessions, and half succeeded, though success was not required to advance to the next stage of training. For subsequent EEG training, two anterior sites were selected on the basis of poor alpha coherence. Individuals were trained to reduce alpha magnitude at these sites by 10% for 30 min or more, which took from 6 to 16 sessions to achieve. Once successful with alpha suppression, individuals were trained to improve alpha symmetry between the sites by 15% for 30 min or more. Results. This feat took ...","PeriodicalId":88271,"journal":{"name":"Journal of neurotherapy","volume":"13 1","pages":"146-155"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2009-09-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1080/10874200903107405","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"59804464","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2009-09-03DOI: 10.1080/10874200903127049
D. Malkowicz, D. Martínez
ABSTRACT Introduction. Until recently, patients with brain injuries had poor prognosis for recovery, but new insights into neuroplasticity and neurorehabilitation have significantly improved outcomes. Neurotherapy or neurofeedback is one of those promising techniques for neurorehabilitation. Methods. Neurofeedback or EEG biofeedback, as it is also called, uses operant conditioning to reinforce desirable self-regulated changes in EEG rhythms, changes that are believed to correspond to reorganization in neural networks, particularly in thalamocortical and corticothalamic circuits. Sensorimotor rhythm reinforcement has been effective in facilitating recovery in patients with traumatic brain injury, stroke, seizures, and certain sleep disorders. Results. We describe the case of a 19-year-old man with severe, partial secondarily generalized seizures that did not respond to extensive conventional treatments including all antiepilepsy drugs. Conclusion. He underwent two 3-week sessions of daily neurotherapy, whi...
{"title":"Role of Quantitative Electroencephalography, Neurotherapy, and Neuroplasticity in Recovery from Neurological and Psychiatric Disorders","authors":"D. Malkowicz, D. Martínez","doi":"10.1080/10874200903127049","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/10874200903127049","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT Introduction. Until recently, patients with brain injuries had poor prognosis for recovery, but new insights into neuroplasticity and neurorehabilitation have significantly improved outcomes. Neurotherapy or neurofeedback is one of those promising techniques for neurorehabilitation. Methods. Neurofeedback or EEG biofeedback, as it is also called, uses operant conditioning to reinforce desirable self-regulated changes in EEG rhythms, changes that are believed to correspond to reorganization in neural networks, particularly in thalamocortical and corticothalamic circuits. Sensorimotor rhythm reinforcement has been effective in facilitating recovery in patients with traumatic brain injury, stroke, seizures, and certain sleep disorders. Results. We describe the case of a 19-year-old man with severe, partial secondarily generalized seizures that did not respond to extensive conventional treatments including all antiepilepsy drugs. Conclusion. He underwent two 3-week sessions of daily neurotherapy, whi...","PeriodicalId":88271,"journal":{"name":"Journal of neurotherapy","volume":"13 1","pages":"176-188"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2009-09-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1080/10874200903127049","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"59804524","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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