Pub Date : 2013-05-16DOI: 10.1080/10874208.2013.784681
S. Buckelew, D. Degood, Jerika Taylor, N. Cunningham, Jessica Thornton, Angie S. Mackewn
This study was designed to assess a neuroflexibility model of sleep onset insomnia among college students. Neuroflexibility refers to the ability to adjust cortical activation consistent with environmental demands. It was anticipated that good sleepers would demonstrate better feedback contingent alpha control, defined as the ability to both enhance alpha and suppress alpha, than poor sleepers. Ten good and 10 poor sleepers participated in two sessions of bidirectional alpha feedback. As predicted, good sleepers demonstrated better alpha control compared to poor sleepers, although this pattern was only partially replicated in a second session. This study provides a degree of empirical support for interventions designed to enhance neuroflexibility in the treatment of some people with sleep onset insomnia.
{"title":"Neuroflexibility and Sleep Onset Insomnia Among College Students: Implications for Neurotherapy","authors":"S. Buckelew, D. Degood, Jerika Taylor, N. Cunningham, Jessica Thornton, Angie S. Mackewn","doi":"10.1080/10874208.2013.784681","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/10874208.2013.784681","url":null,"abstract":"This study was designed to assess a neuroflexibility model of sleep onset insomnia among college students. Neuroflexibility refers to the ability to adjust cortical activation consistent with environmental demands. It was anticipated that good sleepers would demonstrate better feedback contingent alpha control, defined as the ability to both enhance alpha and suppress alpha, than poor sleepers. Ten good and 10 poor sleepers participated in two sessions of bidirectional alpha feedback. As predicted, good sleepers demonstrated better alpha control compared to poor sleepers, although this pattern was only partially replicated in a second session. This study provides a degree of empirical support for interventions designed to enhance neuroflexibility in the treatment of some people with sleep onset insomnia.","PeriodicalId":88271,"journal":{"name":"Journal of neurotherapy","volume":"17 1","pages":"106-115"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2013-05-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1080/10874208.2013.784681","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"59805946","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2013-05-16DOI: 10.1080/10874208.2013.785797
P. Swingle
Blunted alpha response at locations O1 and Cz has been found to be associated with exposure to severe emotional stressors. Subjects exposed to an emotionally negative photograph had alpha blunting, whereas controls shown a pastoral scene with similar color tones and those not shown any pictures did not have alpha blunting. Braindriving neurotherapeutic treatment procedures found effective for restoring the alpha response and correlated trauma “release” are discussed.
{"title":"The Effects of Negative Emotional Stimuli on Alpha Blunting","authors":"P. Swingle","doi":"10.1080/10874208.2013.785797","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/10874208.2013.785797","url":null,"abstract":"Blunted alpha response at locations O1 and Cz has been found to be associated with exposure to severe emotional stressors. Subjects exposed to an emotionally negative photograph had alpha blunting, whereas controls shown a pastoral scene with similar color tones and those not shown any pictures did not have alpha blunting. Braindriving neurotherapeutic treatment procedures found effective for restoring the alpha response and correlated trauma “release” are discussed.","PeriodicalId":88271,"journal":{"name":"Journal of neurotherapy","volume":"17 1","pages":"133-137"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2013-05-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1080/10874208.2013.785797","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"59805637","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2013-05-16DOI: 10.1080/10874208.2013.785843
R. Lyle
{"title":"Brain-Based Parenting: The Neuroscience of Caregiving for Healthy Attachment, by Daniel A. Hughes and Jonathan Baylin","authors":"R. Lyle","doi":"10.1080/10874208.2013.785843","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/10874208.2013.785843","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":88271,"journal":{"name":"Journal of neurotherapy","volume":"17 1","pages":"140-141"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2013-05-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1080/10874208.2013.785843","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"59805656","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2013-02-26DOI: 10.1080/10874208.2012.705767
Jonathan E. Walker
Previous observations suggested that chronic anger may be associated with persistent excessive high-frequency beta activity in one or more cortical areas and that poor anger control may be associated with excessive slowing of the EEG. We hypothesized that downtraining of elevated high-frequency beta activity would reduce anger and that downtraining of excessive cortical slow wave activity would improve anger control. Forty-six individuals underwent neurofeedback training to downtrain excess beta and slow wave activity. This protocol resulted in significantly improved anger control and a reduction in the frequency of outbursts.
{"title":"QEEG-Guided Neurofeedback for Anger/Anger Control Disorder","authors":"Jonathan E. Walker","doi":"10.1080/10874208.2012.705767","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/10874208.2012.705767","url":null,"abstract":"Previous observations suggested that chronic anger may be associated with persistent excessive high-frequency beta activity in one or more cortical areas and that poor anger control may be associated with excessive slowing of the EEG. We hypothesized that downtraining of elevated high-frequency beta activity would reduce anger and that downtraining of excessive cortical slow wave activity would improve anger control. Forty-six individuals underwent neurofeedback training to downtrain excess beta and slow wave activity. This protocol resulted in significantly improved anger control and a reduction in the frequency of outbursts.","PeriodicalId":88271,"journal":{"name":"Journal of neurotherapy","volume":"17 1","pages":"88-92"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2013-02-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1080/10874208.2012.705767","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"59805613","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2013-02-26DOI: 10.1080/10874208.2013.759024
Franca E. Dupuy, A. Clarke, R. Barry
Although Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder (AD/HD) affects millions of females worldwide, our understanding of AD/HD continues to be based heavily on male-dominated research. Significant sex differences reported in the presentation and diagnosis of AD/HD can no longer be ignored; females with AD/HD are different from males with the disorder. Electroencephalography (EEG) is a valuable tool for measuring electro-cortical activity and has been found useful in AD/HD research. Preliminary studies have shown that females with AD/HD have EEG abnormalities different from those found in males with AD/HD. This article reviews the current literature on EEG activity of females with AD/HD and concludes that the lack of comprehensive research draws attention to the necessity for sex-specific EEG research within AD/HD populations.
{"title":"EEG Activity in Females with Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder","authors":"Franca E. Dupuy, A. Clarke, R. Barry","doi":"10.1080/10874208.2013.759024","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/10874208.2013.759024","url":null,"abstract":"Although Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder (AD/HD) affects millions of females worldwide, our understanding of AD/HD continues to be based heavily on male-dominated research. Significant sex differences reported in the presentation and diagnosis of AD/HD can no longer be ignored; females with AD/HD are different from males with the disorder. Electroencephalography (EEG) is a valuable tool for measuring electro-cortical activity and has been found useful in AD/HD research. Preliminary studies have shown that females with AD/HD have EEG abnormalities different from those found in males with AD/HD. This article reviews the current literature on EEG activity of females with AD/HD and concludes that the lack of comprehensive research draws attention to the necessity for sex-specific EEG research within AD/HD populations.","PeriodicalId":88271,"journal":{"name":"Journal of neurotherapy","volume":"17 1","pages":"49-67"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2013-02-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1080/10874208.2013.759024","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"59805878","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2013-02-26DOI: 10.1080/10874208.2013.759020
Andrea Reid, Stephanie Nihon, L. Thompson, M. O. Thompson
Heart rate variability (HRV) training and EEG Biofeedback are techniques used to improve neurological disorders in both clinical and optimal performance populations. HRV training uses combined respiration and heart rate biofeedback to achieve synchrony between the changes in breathing and heart rate. This specific signature of synchronization of breathing and heart rate changes appears to correlate with a relaxed state and cognitive clarity. HRV may provide a promising index for both physical and emotional stress. Improvements in mental processing (Thayer, Hansen, Saus-Rose, & Johnson, 2009) and emotional stability (Applehans & Lueken, 2006) have been demonstrated as a result of HRV training. A similar mental state is the target of EEG biofeedback training when parameters are set to increase sensorimotor rhythm (SMR). SMR is usually trained using the frequency band 12–15 Hz. These frequencies are called SMR only when they are produced across the sensorimotor strip (C3, Cz, C4). In other locations, 12–15 Hz is simply called beta. SMR production has been closely linked to a state of calm, relaxed focus (Sterman, 1996). This article proposes that HRV training may be associated with increased levels of SMR. Preliminary data have been collected for 40 clients. Twenty clients were athletes training to improve performance, and 20 clients were from a clinical population aiming to increase SMR as a part of their program. A 3-min sample of EEG baseline data was compared to a 3-min sample of EEG data collected during HRV training. Mean microvolt values were collected for SMR during both the baseline recording and during the HRV training. T-test results show that there was a statistically significant increase in SMR during HRV training as compared to baseline (p<.001). This suggests that increased HRV leads to increases in production of SMR.
{"title":"The Effects of Heart Rate Variability Training on Sensorimotor Rhythm: A Pilot Study","authors":"Andrea Reid, Stephanie Nihon, L. Thompson, M. O. Thompson","doi":"10.1080/10874208.2013.759020","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/10874208.2013.759020","url":null,"abstract":"Heart rate variability (HRV) training and EEG Biofeedback are techniques used to improve neurological disorders in both clinical and optimal performance populations. HRV training uses combined respiration and heart rate biofeedback to achieve synchrony between the changes in breathing and heart rate. This specific signature of synchronization of breathing and heart rate changes appears to correlate with a relaxed state and cognitive clarity. HRV may provide a promising index for both physical and emotional stress. Improvements in mental processing (Thayer, Hansen, Saus-Rose, & Johnson, 2009) and emotional stability (Applehans & Lueken, 2006) have been demonstrated as a result of HRV training. A similar mental state is the target of EEG biofeedback training when parameters are set to increase sensorimotor rhythm (SMR). SMR is usually trained using the frequency band 12–15 Hz. These frequencies are called SMR only when they are produced across the sensorimotor strip (C3, Cz, C4). In other locations, 12–15 Hz is simply called beta. SMR production has been closely linked to a state of calm, relaxed focus (Sterman, 1996). This article proposes that HRV training may be associated with increased levels of SMR. Preliminary data have been collected for 40 clients. Twenty clients were athletes training to improve performance, and 20 clients were from a clinical population aiming to increase SMR as a part of their program. A 3-min sample of EEG baseline data was compared to a 3-min sample of EEG data collected during HRV training. Mean microvolt values were collected for SMR during both the baseline recording and during the HRV training. T-test results show that there was a statistically significant increase in SMR during HRV training as compared to baseline (p<.001). This suggests that increased HRV leads to increases in production of SMR.","PeriodicalId":88271,"journal":{"name":"Journal of neurotherapy","volume":"17 1","pages":"43-48"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2013-02-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1080/10874208.2013.759020","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"59805838","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2013-02-26DOI: 10.1080/10874208.2013.759017
L. Russell-Chapin, Thomas Kemmerly, Wen Liu, M. Zagardo, Theodore J. Chapin, Douglas Dailey, D. Dinh
Children with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) have difficulty activating the Default Mode Network (DMN) in a resting or quiet state. The DMN function assists in processing and understanding a person's internal, reflective world and the world of self and others. Neurofeedback (NFB), a type of EEG operant conditioning, trains self-regulation skills using a brain–computer interface. The hardware and software have audio/video capabilities to correct irregular brainwave patterns and regional cerebral blood flow associated with mental health and cognitive concerns. Individual treatment sessions usually last approximately 20 min; to gain the largest overall treatment effect, NFB users need to experience about 30 to 40 sessions. This study randomly assigned 12 children diagnosed with ADHD and currently on a stimulant medication to a treatment or control group. Subjects in the treatment group completed 40 NFB sessions. Pre- and posttest fMRIs were administered on the treatment and control groups. E...
{"title":"The Effects of Neurofeedback in the Default Mode Network: Pilot Study Results of Medicated Children with ADHD","authors":"L. Russell-Chapin, Thomas Kemmerly, Wen Liu, M. Zagardo, Theodore J. Chapin, Douglas Dailey, D. Dinh","doi":"10.1080/10874208.2013.759017","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/10874208.2013.759017","url":null,"abstract":"Children with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) have difficulty activating the Default Mode Network (DMN) in a resting or quiet state. The DMN function assists in processing and understanding a person's internal, reflective world and the world of self and others. Neurofeedback (NFB), a type of EEG operant conditioning, trains self-regulation skills using a brain–computer interface. The hardware and software have audio/video capabilities to correct irregular brainwave patterns and regional cerebral blood flow associated with mental health and cognitive concerns. Individual treatment sessions usually last approximately 20 min; to gain the largest overall treatment effect, NFB users need to experience about 30 to 40 sessions. This study randomly assigned 12 children diagnosed with ADHD and currently on a stimulant medication to a treatment or control group. Subjects in the treatment group completed 40 NFB sessions. Pre- and posttest fMRIs were administered on the treatment and control groups. E...","PeriodicalId":88271,"journal":{"name":"Journal of neurotherapy","volume":"17 1","pages":"35-42"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2013-02-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1080/10874208.2013.759017","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"59805831","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2013-02-26DOI: 10.1080/10874208.2013.758968
Mark L. Johnson, Eugenia Bodenhamer-Davis, L. Bailey, Michael S. Gates
The theta-over-alpha frequency crossover seen in alpha-theta neurofeedback, considered an important factor in the treatment's success, has had little definitive research. This study examined 182 alpha-theta session graphs from 10 subject case files for interactions between frequency band activity and subject reports of imagery or biographical memories during crossovers, as well as treatment outcomes. Statistical analyses revealed significantly more reports of imagery/memories during crossover conditions having specific spectral, amplitude, and duration characteristics. Imagery reports were more likely to occur during crossover activity of 1 microvolt or more, lasting at least 3 minutes, and including 3.75µv of 15–20 Hz beta. This defined therapeutic crossover condition also was significantly related to better treatment outcome measures.
{"title":"Spectral Dynamics and Therapeutic Implications of the Theta/Alpha Crossover in Alpha-Theta Neurofeedback","authors":"Mark L. Johnson, Eugenia Bodenhamer-Davis, L. Bailey, Michael S. Gates","doi":"10.1080/10874208.2013.758968","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/10874208.2013.758968","url":null,"abstract":"The theta-over-alpha frequency crossover seen in alpha-theta neurofeedback, considered an important factor in the treatment's success, has had little definitive research. This study examined 182 alpha-theta session graphs from 10 subject case files for interactions between frequency band activity and subject reports of imagery or biographical memories during crossovers, as well as treatment outcomes. Statistical analyses revealed significantly more reports of imagery/memories during crossover conditions having specific spectral, amplitude, and duration characteristics. Imagery reports were more likely to occur during crossover activity of 1 microvolt or more, lasting at least 3 minutes, and including 3.75µv of 15–20 Hz beta. This defined therapeutic crossover condition also was significantly related to better treatment outcome measures.","PeriodicalId":88271,"journal":{"name":"Journal of neurotherapy","volume":"17 1","pages":"3-34"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2013-02-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1080/10874208.2013.758968","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"59805787","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2012-11-21DOI: 10.1080/10874208.2012.730786
DSci Olga Mikhailovna Bazanova
Exploring the role of the electroencephalographic (EEG) alpha oscillations in the processes of central and autonomic regulation of the cognitive and psychomotor performance generates considerable interest. However, until now there was no accurate definition of what alpha activity is, and which indices characterize it. This is a theoretical article that attempts to define EEG alpha-activity phenomena; define their physical, molecular, and morphological nature; and highlight the difference in its indices connected with different individual alpha frequencies and their role in optimal functioning. Specifically, this article examines individual alpha activity indices: (a) the individual alpha peak frequency; (b) activation magnitude measured by estimating the amount of alpha amplitude suppression in response to eyes-open and individual alpha band width; and (c) three alpha “autorhythmicity” indices: intraspindle amplitude variability, spindle length, and steepness. Throughout, the article provides a number of ...
{"title":"Alpha EEG Activity Depends on the Individual Dominant Rhythm Frequency","authors":"DSci Olga Mikhailovna Bazanova","doi":"10.1080/10874208.2012.730786","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/10874208.2012.730786","url":null,"abstract":"Exploring the role of the electroencephalographic (EEG) alpha oscillations in the processes of central and autonomic regulation of the cognitive and psychomotor performance generates considerable interest. However, until now there was no accurate definition of what alpha activity is, and which indices characterize it. This is a theoretical article that attempts to define EEG alpha-activity phenomena; define their physical, molecular, and morphological nature; and highlight the difference in its indices connected with different individual alpha frequencies and their role in optimal functioning. Specifically, this article examines individual alpha activity indices: (a) the individual alpha peak frequency; (b) activation magnitude measured by estimating the amount of alpha amplitude suppression in response to eyes-open and individual alpha band width; and (c) three alpha “autorhythmicity” indices: intraspindle amplitude variability, spindle length, and steepness. Throughout, the article provides a number of ...","PeriodicalId":88271,"journal":{"name":"Journal of neurotherapy","volume":"16 1","pages":"270-284"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2012-11-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1080/10874208.2012.730786","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"59805775","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2012-11-21DOI: 10.1080/10874208.2012.728103
Jonathon E. Larson, T. Cothran, Lauren Drandorff, Charles Morgan, C. Ryan
This study identified neurofeedback (NFB) practitioner self-perceptions related to quality of work life. We also identified practitioner self-perceptions of common clinician factors related to NFB. To guide this current study, we utilized our previous conceptual framework research on practitioner perspectives of NFB (Larson, Ryan, & Baerentzen, 2010). One hundred forty-eight NFB practitioners completed online surveys gathering demographic information and ratings of practice behaviors and characteristics. For data set analyses, we utilized descriptive statistics, frequencies, means, standard deviations, ranges, Cronbach's alpha analysis, Pearson product–moment correlation analysis, and a regular simultaneous regression analysis. Our results indicated that 74% of the variance in quality of work life can be determined by variance in a significant multiple correlation of burnout, interpersonal skills commitment, and client adherence. We found monthly sessions correlated with financial gain or loss (FGL). We a...
{"title":"The Relationship Between Burnout, Interpersonal Commitment, Client Adherence, and Quality of Work Life Among Neurofeedback Practitioners","authors":"Jonathon E. Larson, T. Cothran, Lauren Drandorff, Charles Morgan, C. Ryan","doi":"10.1080/10874208.2012.728103","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/10874208.2012.728103","url":null,"abstract":"This study identified neurofeedback (NFB) practitioner self-perceptions related to quality of work life. We also identified practitioner self-perceptions of common clinician factors related to NFB. To guide this current study, we utilized our previous conceptual framework research on practitioner perspectives of NFB (Larson, Ryan, & Baerentzen, 2010). One hundred forty-eight NFB practitioners completed online surveys gathering demographic information and ratings of practice behaviors and characteristics. For data set analyses, we utilized descriptive statistics, frequencies, means, standard deviations, ranges, Cronbach's alpha analysis, Pearson product–moment correlation analysis, and a regular simultaneous regression analysis. Our results indicated that 74% of the variance in quality of work life can be determined by variance in a significant multiple correlation of burnout, interpersonal skills commitment, and client adherence. We found monthly sessions correlated with financial gain or loss (FGL). We a...","PeriodicalId":88271,"journal":{"name":"Journal of neurotherapy","volume":"16 1","pages":"237-245"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2012-11-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1080/10874208.2012.728103","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"59805664","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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