Pub Date : 1906-02-01DOI: 10.1093/INFDIS/3.SUPPLEMENT_2.S21
M. Goodwin, A. I. von Sholly
Everyone familiar with the investigations concerning the etiology of meningitis knows that, owing partly to the difficulty of isolating and keeping alive the meningococcus, partly to its similarity to other micrococci, the work of most investigators has been incomplete and therefore of little permanent value. As the amount of influence which the results of the investigations here recorded may exert depends largely on the degree to which others are convinced of the thoroughness of the identification of the organisms found in the nasal cavities, it seems best to review briefly the literature in order to see what characteristics the best observers con-
{"title":"The Frequent Occurrence of Meningococci in the Nasal Cavities of Meningitis Patients and of those in Direct Contact with them.","authors":"M. Goodwin, A. I. von Sholly","doi":"10.1093/INFDIS/3.SUPPLEMENT_2.S21","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/INFDIS/3.SUPPLEMENT_2.S21","url":null,"abstract":"Everyone familiar with the investigations concerning the etiology of meningitis knows that, owing partly to the difficulty of isolating and keeping alive the meningococcus, partly to its similarity to other micrococci, the work of most investigators has been incomplete and therefore of little permanent value. As the amount of influence which the results of the investigations here recorded may exert depends largely on the degree to which others are convinced of the thoroughness of the identification of the organisms found in the nasal cavities, it seems best to review briefly the literature in order to see what characteristics the best observers con-","PeriodicalId":88306,"journal":{"name":"Public health papers and reports","volume":"16 1","pages":"21-34"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1906-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1093/INFDIS/3.SUPPLEMENT_2.S21","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"61381075","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 1906-02-01DOI: 10.1093/infdis/3.Supplement_2.S210
H. Hill
{"title":"A Notable Source of Error in Testing Gaseous Disinfectants.","authors":"H. Hill","doi":"10.1093/infdis/3.Supplement_2.S210","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/infdis/3.Supplement_2.S210","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":88306,"journal":{"name":"Public health papers and reports","volume":"31 Pt 2 1","pages":"210-3"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1906-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1093/infdis/3.Supplement_2.S210","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"61381147","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 1906-02-01DOI: 10.1093/infdis/3.Supplement_2.S136
H. W. Clark
This investigation, in regard to the resistance to decomposition of certain organic matters, was begun in order thoroughly to comprehend the conditions prevailing in certain sand filters which had received sewage for periods varying from 10 to 17 years. Studies of the work accomplished by these filters during these many years of operation show that only about 55 per cent, of the nitrogen in the sewage applied to them has appeared in their effluents. Studies of municipal areas, moreover, receiving a fresher sewage, have shown that only about 30 per cent of the applied nitrogen appears in the effluents from these areas. Much of the remaining nitrogen is set free by nitrogen-liberating bacteria; but a small percentage of the nitrogenous matters is resistant to bacterial actions and accumulates within the filter?from 4 to 8 per cent in the experimental filters at Lawrence.1
{"title":"The Resistance to Decomposition of Certain Organic Matters in Sewage.","authors":"H. W. Clark","doi":"10.1093/infdis/3.Supplement_2.S136","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/infdis/3.Supplement_2.S136","url":null,"abstract":"This investigation, in regard to the resistance to decomposition of certain organic matters, was begun in order thoroughly to comprehend the conditions prevailing in certain sand filters which had received sewage for periods varying from 10 to 17 years. Studies of the work accomplished by these filters during these many years of operation show that only about 55 per cent, of the nitrogen in the sewage applied to them has appeared in their effluents. Studies of municipal areas, moreover, receiving a fresher sewage, have shown that only about 30 per cent of the applied nitrogen appears in the effluents from these areas. Much of the remaining nitrogen is set free by nitrogen-liberating bacteria; but a small percentage of the nitrogenous matters is resistant to bacterial actions and accumulates within the filter?from 4 to 8 per cent in the experimental filters at Lawrence.1","PeriodicalId":88306,"journal":{"name":"Public health papers and reports","volume":"31 Pt 2 1","pages":"136-8"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1906-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1093/infdis/3.Supplement_2.S136","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"61381249","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 1906-02-01DOI: 10.1093/infdis/3.Supplement_2.S166
G. C. Whipple, F. F. Longley
The chemical which is used most commonly for the coagulation of waters, in connection with the mechanical system of filtration, is basic sulphate of alumina, more often referred to as "sulphate of alumina," or merelyas "alum." In a case where so much depends upon the proper chemical treatment of the water, it is evident that the quality of the chemical used is a matter of fundamental importance. Most of the products which have been furnished for this purpose have been reasonably satisfactory in this respect. Recently, however, an instance has occurred where inferiority in the quality of the alum has caused a noticeable diminution in the efficiency of the filter. The writers have thought that a brief description of this experience might be of interest to others. Theoretical sulphate of alumina has the formula A12(S04)3. 18 H20; that is, it contains 48.64 per cent of water, 15.32 per cent of alumina (Al,^), and 36.04 per cent of sulphuric acid (SO3). The aluminum sulphate of commerce, however, differs somewhat from these theoretical proportions. It usually contains somewhat less water of crystallization and more sulphuric acid and alumina. The excess of alumina over the theoretical amount is generally greater than that of the acid, in the case of alums which have been furnished for filtration purposes. This is what has given rise to the trade name "basic sulphate of alumina." The excess of alumina (Al203) over the theoretical amount necessary to combine with the acid (SO3) usually varies from 1 to 5 per cent, although it sometimes is as high as 10 per cent. The ratio of alumina (A203) actually present in an alum to the amount theoretically necessary to combine with the acid (SO3) present has been sometimes termed the ratio of basicity. While in the case of most alums which have been furnished for filtration purposes the basicity ratio has exceeded unity, alums are sometimes manufactured for other purposes which have a basicity
{"title":"Experience with the Use of a Nonbasic Alum in Connection with Mechanical Filtration.","authors":"G. C. Whipple, F. F. Longley","doi":"10.1093/infdis/3.Supplement_2.S166","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/infdis/3.Supplement_2.S166","url":null,"abstract":"The chemical which is used most commonly for the coagulation of waters, in connection with the mechanical system of filtration, is basic sulphate of alumina, more often referred to as \"sulphate of alumina,\" or merelyas \"alum.\" In a case where so much depends upon the proper chemical treatment of the water, it is evident that the quality of the chemical used is a matter of fundamental importance. Most of the products which have been furnished for this purpose have been reasonably satisfactory in this respect. Recently, however, an instance has occurred where inferiority in the quality of the alum has caused a noticeable diminution in the efficiency of the filter. The writers have thought that a brief description of this experience might be of interest to others. Theoretical sulphate of alumina has the formula A12(S04)3. 18 H20; that is, it contains 48.64 per cent of water, 15.32 per cent of alumina (Al,^), and 36.04 per cent of sulphuric acid (SO3). The aluminum sulphate of commerce, however, differs somewhat from these theoretical proportions. It usually contains somewhat less water of crystallization and more sulphuric acid and alumina. The excess of alumina over the theoretical amount is generally greater than that of the acid, in the case of alums which have been furnished for filtration purposes. This is what has given rise to the trade name \"basic sulphate of alumina.\" The excess of alumina (Al203) over the theoretical amount necessary to combine with the acid (SO3) usually varies from 1 to 5 per cent, although it sometimes is as high as 10 per cent. The ratio of alumina (A203) actually present in an alum to the amount theoretically necessary to combine with the acid (SO3) present has been sometimes termed the ratio of basicity. While in the case of most alums which have been furnished for filtration purposes the basicity ratio has exceeded unity, alums are sometimes manufactured for other purposes which have a basicity","PeriodicalId":88306,"journal":{"name":"Public health papers and reports","volume":"31 Pt 2 1","pages":"166-71"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1906-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1093/infdis/3.Supplement_2.S166","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"61381302","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 1906-02-01DOI: 10.1093/INFDIS/3.SUPPLEMENT_2.S10
E. Dunham
{"title":"Comparative Studies of Diplococci Decolorized by Gram's Method, Obtained from the Spinal Fluid and from the Nares of Cases of Epidemic Cerebro-Spinal Meningitis.","authors":"E. Dunham","doi":"10.1093/INFDIS/3.SUPPLEMENT_2.S10","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/INFDIS/3.SUPPLEMENT_2.S10","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":88306,"journal":{"name":"Public health papers and reports","volume":"31 Pt 2 1","pages":"10-20"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1906-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1093/INFDIS/3.SUPPLEMENT_2.S10","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"61381222","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 1906-02-01DOI: 10.1093/INFDIS/3.SUPPLEMENT_2.S226
H. Hill
The use of gas or air pressure to drive toxins, or other bacterial fluids, which it is desired to filter, and at the same time to sterilize through bougies of porcelain etc., has been common for a long time. The ordinary aspiration filter is, of course, really a pressure filter, the limit of pressure being rather less than one atmosphere, and depending on the degree of exhaustion obtainable. But direct air or gas pressure?secured say by compression?has always presented, besides the mechanical difficulties, chemical or physical difficulties, dependent on the pressure-modifications of the action of the gases used upon the liquids to be filtered. It occurred to the writer that the interposition of a thin sheet of rubber between the surface of the liquid to be filtered and the liquid (air, gas, or water) which was used as the vehicle to transmit the pressure would at once remove almost all the objections which could be brought against pressure filtration. Because of its relative density and inelasticity, water presents so many mechanical advantages over air, that attention was concentrated wholly upon the use of water
{"title":"A Device for Filtering Toxins, etc., by the Use of Water Pressure.","authors":"H. Hill","doi":"10.1093/INFDIS/3.SUPPLEMENT_2.S226","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/INFDIS/3.SUPPLEMENT_2.S226","url":null,"abstract":"The use of gas or air pressure to drive toxins, or other bacterial fluids, which it is desired to filter, and at the same time to sterilize through bougies of porcelain etc., has been common for a long time. The ordinary aspiration filter is, of course, really a pressure filter, the limit of pressure being rather less than one atmosphere, and depending on the degree of exhaustion obtainable. But direct air or gas pressure?secured say by compression?has always presented, besides the mechanical difficulties, chemical or physical difficulties, dependent on the pressure-modifications of the action of the gases used upon the liquids to be filtered. It occurred to the writer that the interposition of a thin sheet of rubber between the surface of the liquid to be filtered and the liquid (air, gas, or water) which was used as the vehicle to transmit the pressure would at once remove almost all the objections which could be brought against pressure filtration. Because of its relative density and inelasticity, water presents so many mechanical advantages over air, that attention was concentrated wholly upon the use of water","PeriodicalId":88306,"journal":{"name":"Public health papers and reports","volume":"273 1","pages":"226-8"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1906-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1093/INFDIS/3.SUPPLEMENT_2.S226","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"61381410","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 1906-02-01DOI: 10.1093/INFDIS/3.SUPPLEMENT_2.S76
G. C. Whipple, A. Mayer
{"title":"On the Relation between Oxygen in Water and the Longevity of the Typhoid Bacillus.","authors":"G. C. Whipple, A. Mayer","doi":"10.1093/INFDIS/3.SUPPLEMENT_2.S76","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/INFDIS/3.SUPPLEMENT_2.S76","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":88306,"journal":{"name":"Public health papers and reports","volume":"31 Pt 2 1","pages":"76-9"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1906-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1093/INFDIS/3.SUPPLEMENT_2.S76","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"61381687","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 1906-02-01DOI: 10.1093/INFDIS/3.SUPPLEMENT_2.S139
S. D. Gage, G. O. Adams
It is well known that the composition of the sewage from any source is not uniform, varying with the time of day, the amount of surface water entering the sewers, and also with the temperature and with the time which elapses between collection and analysis. The variations in the composition due to these different factors have been frequently discussed, and it is unnecessary to enter into their further consideration at this time.
{"title":"The Collection and Preservation of Samples of Sewage for Analysis.","authors":"S. D. Gage, G. O. Adams","doi":"10.1093/INFDIS/3.SUPPLEMENT_2.S139","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/INFDIS/3.SUPPLEMENT_2.S139","url":null,"abstract":"It is well known that the composition of the sewage from any source is not uniform, varying with the time of day, the amount of surface water entering the sewers, and also with the temperature and with the time which elapses between collection and analysis. The variations in the composition due to these different factors have been frequently discussed, and it is unnecessary to enter into their further consideration at this time.","PeriodicalId":88306,"journal":{"name":"Public health papers and reports","volume":"18 1","pages":"139-48"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1906-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1093/INFDIS/3.SUPPLEMENT_2.S139","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"61381260","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 1906-02-01DOI: 10.1093/INFDIS/3.SUPPLEMENT_2.S35
O. Klotz
In the spring of 1904 I was given the opportunity, through the kindness of my chief, Professor Adami, to study an organism isolated by him from the water of the St. Lawrence River. The results of these studies were published in the Journal 0} Medical Research,1 and several interesting points in regard to the interagglutination of the Coli-Typhoid group were noted. However, aside from the agglutination phenomenon, a peculiarity in the cultural characteristics was also observed. The microorganism on solid media resembled very much the appearance of colonies of B. coli. Grown on broth the microbe gave a stringy deposit, difficult to break up on shaking, and becoming more stringy on longer incubation. In litmus milk there was a primary acidity with a subsequent alkaline reaction of the medium, but no coagulation of the milk occurred. Indol was produced only after some weeks' incubation in Dunham's broth; and of the sugar broths, gas was produced most abundantly in the glucose medium. As was noted in my publication, the organism did not ferment lactose or saccharose when first isolated from the water, but did so after it had remained on the medium for some time. The saccharose broth was found to
{"title":"Temporary Alteration of Character of an Organism Belonging to the Colon Group.","authors":"O. Klotz","doi":"10.1093/INFDIS/3.SUPPLEMENT_2.S35","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/INFDIS/3.SUPPLEMENT_2.S35","url":null,"abstract":"In the spring of 1904 I was given the opportunity, through the kindness of my chief, Professor Adami, to study an organism isolated by him from the water of the St. Lawrence River. The results of these studies were published in the Journal 0} Medical Research,1 and several interesting points in regard to the interagglutination of the Coli-Typhoid group were noted. However, aside from the agglutination phenomenon, a peculiarity in the cultural characteristics was also observed. The microorganism on solid media resembled very much the appearance of colonies of B. coli. Grown on broth the microbe gave a stringy deposit, difficult to break up on shaking, and becoming more stringy on longer incubation. In litmus milk there was a primary acidity with a subsequent alkaline reaction of the medium, but no coagulation of the milk occurred. Indol was produced only after some weeks' incubation in Dunham's broth; and of the sugar broths, gas was produced most abundantly in the glucose medium. As was noted in my publication, the organism did not ferment lactose or saccharose when first isolated from the water, but did so after it had remained on the medium for some time. The saccharose broth was found to","PeriodicalId":88306,"journal":{"name":"Public health papers and reports","volume":"31 Pt 2 1","pages":"35-9"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1906-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1093/INFDIS/3.SUPPLEMENT_2.S35","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"61381476","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 1906-02-01DOI: 10.1093/infdis/3.Supplement_2.S172
H. W. Clark, S. Gage
{"title":"The Use of Copper Sulphate in Water Filtration.","authors":"H. W. Clark, S. Gage","doi":"10.1093/infdis/3.Supplement_2.S172","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/infdis/3.Supplement_2.S172","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":88306,"journal":{"name":"Public health papers and reports","volume":"31 Pt 2 1","pages":"172-4"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1906-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1093/infdis/3.Supplement_2.S172","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"61380816","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
京公网安备 11010802042870号
京ICP备2023020795号-1
扫码关注我们
求助内容：
应助结果提醒方式：