Pub Date : 2009-07-02DOI: 10.1080/09541440802214846
Jamie I. D. Campbell
Naming of Arabic digits can utilise semantic or asemantic pathways but neuropsychological evidence suggests that number-fact retrieval (2×3 = ?) can inhibit the semantic route for digit naming. Consistent with this, Campbell and Metcalfe (in press) demonstrated with neurologically intact participants that Arabic digit naming time was about 15 ms slower when performed in the context of number-fact retrieval (multiplication) than in the context of a task requiring semantic processing (magnitude comparison). Experiment 1 here tested whether this context effect generalised to naming a feature incidentally associated with an Arabic digit (font colour). Experiment 2 tested if the effect generalised to a salient semantic feature associated with Arabic digits (parity). In Experiment 1, the context effect on digit naming was greater than on naming the font colour of digits. Experiment 2 demonstrated that the effect occurred selectively for stating the digit name and did not generalise to parity naming. The results suggest that the effect of context (multiplication vs. comparison) on numeral naming arises in a dedicated digit naming circuit and reinforce the view that number processing context can reconfigure the functional architecture for number naming.
{"title":"Selective effects of number processing context on number naming","authors":"Jamie I. D. Campbell","doi":"10.1080/09541440802214846","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/09541440802214846","url":null,"abstract":"Naming of Arabic digits can utilise semantic or asemantic pathways but neuropsychological evidence suggests that number-fact retrieval (2×3 = ?) can inhibit the semantic route for digit naming. Consistent with this, Campbell and Metcalfe (in press) demonstrated with neurologically intact participants that Arabic digit naming time was about 15 ms slower when performed in the context of number-fact retrieval (multiplication) than in the context of a task requiring semantic processing (magnitude comparison). Experiment 1 here tested whether this context effect generalised to naming a feature incidentally associated with an Arabic digit (font colour). Experiment 2 tested if the effect generalised to a salient semantic feature associated with Arabic digits (parity). In Experiment 1, the context effect on digit naming was greater than on naming the font colour of digits. Experiment 2 demonstrated that the effect occurred selectively for stating the digit name and did not generalise to parity naming. The results suggest that the effect of context (multiplication vs. comparison) on numeral naming arises in a dedicated digit naming circuit and reinforce the view that number processing context can reconfigure the functional architecture for number naming.","PeriodicalId":88321,"journal":{"name":"The European journal of cognitive psychology","volume":"2 1","pages":"686 - 702"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2009-07-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"74515048","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2009-07-02DOI: 10.1080/09541440802311899
K. Moeller, H. Nuerk, K. Willmes
Over the last years, evidence has accumulated that the magnitude of two-digit numbers is not only represented as one holistic entity, but also decomposed for tens and units. Recently, Zhang and Wang (2005) suggested such separate processing may be due to the presence of external representations of numbers, whereas holistic processing became more likely when one of the to-be-compared numbers was already internalised. The latter conclusion essentially rested on unit-based null effects. However, Nuerk and Willmes (2005) argued that unfavourable stimulus selection may provoke such null effects and misleading conclusions. Therefore, we tested the conclusion of Zhang and Wang for internal standards with a modified stimulus set. We observed reliable unit-based effects in all conditions contradicting the holistic model. Thus, decomposed representations of tens and units can also be demonstrated for internal standards. We conclude that decomposed magnitude processing of multidigit numbers does not rely on external representations. Rather, even when two-digit numbers are internalised, the magnitudes of tens and units seem to be (also) represented separately.
{"title":"Internal number magnitude representation is not holistic, either","authors":"K. Moeller, H. Nuerk, K. Willmes","doi":"10.1080/09541440802311899","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/09541440802311899","url":null,"abstract":"Over the last years, evidence has accumulated that the magnitude of two-digit numbers is not only represented as one holistic entity, but also decomposed for tens and units. Recently, Zhang and Wang (2005) suggested such separate processing may be due to the presence of external representations of numbers, whereas holistic processing became more likely when one of the to-be-compared numbers was already internalised. The latter conclusion essentially rested on unit-based null effects. However, Nuerk and Willmes (2005) argued that unfavourable stimulus selection may provoke such null effects and misleading conclusions. Therefore, we tested the conclusion of Zhang and Wang for internal standards with a modified stimulus set. We observed reliable unit-based effects in all conditions contradicting the holistic model. Thus, decomposed representations of tens and units can also be demonstrated for internal standards. We conclude that decomposed magnitude processing of multidigit numbers does not rely on external representations. Rather, even when two-digit numbers are internalised, the magnitudes of tens and units seem to be (also) represented separately.","PeriodicalId":88321,"journal":{"name":"The European journal of cognitive psychology","volume":"182 1","pages":"672 - 685"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2009-07-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"78039572","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2009-04-06DOI: 10.1080/09541440802079835
J. Duñabeitia, I. Laka, Manuel Perea, M. Carreiras
In the present study, we examined morphological decomposition of Basque compound words in a series of masked priming lexical decision experiments. In Experiment 1, Basque compound words could be briefly preceded by other compounds that shared either the first or second constituent, or by unrelated noncompound words. Results showed a significant priming effect for words that shared a constituent, independently of its position. In Experiment 2, compound words were preceded by other compound words that shared one of their constituents, but in a different lexeme position (e.g., the first constituent of the compound that acted as a prime was the second constituent of the compound that acted as a target). Results again showed a constituent priming effect (i.e., location in the string is not necessary for priming to occur). In Experiment 3, we demonstrated that these priming effects were not due to mere form overlap: pairs of noncompound words that shared either the beginning or the ending chunk did not produce a priming effect. Taken together, the present results converge with previous data on orthographic/morphological priming and provide evidence favouring early morphological decomposition.
{"title":"Is Milkman a superhero like Batman? Constituent morphological priming in compound words","authors":"J. Duñabeitia, I. Laka, Manuel Perea, M. Carreiras","doi":"10.1080/09541440802079835","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/09541440802079835","url":null,"abstract":"In the present study, we examined morphological decomposition of Basque compound words in a series of masked priming lexical decision experiments. In Experiment 1, Basque compound words could be briefly preceded by other compounds that shared either the first or second constituent, or by unrelated noncompound words. Results showed a significant priming effect for words that shared a constituent, independently of its position. In Experiment 2, compound words were preceded by other compound words that shared one of their constituents, but in a different lexeme position (e.g., the first constituent of the compound that acted as a prime was the second constituent of the compound that acted as a target). Results again showed a constituent priming effect (i.e., location in the string is not necessary for priming to occur). In Experiment 3, we demonstrated that these priming effects were not due to mere form overlap: pairs of noncompound words that shared either the beginning or the ending chunk did not produce a priming effect. Taken together, the present results converge with previous data on orthographic/morphological priming and provide evidence favouring early morphological decomposition.","PeriodicalId":88321,"journal":{"name":"The European journal of cognitive psychology","volume":"40 1","pages":"615 - 640"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2009-04-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"80537348","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2009-04-06DOI: 10.1080/09541440802049051
Hsuan-Fu Chao
In previous studies on negative priming, the effect of prime–probe contextual similarity was not stable. On occasions, negative priming was greater when similar rather than different contexts were presented in a prime and a probe trial; however, at other times, negative priming was not affected by such manipulation. The current study demonstrates that the effect of contextual similarity can be optimised when cue variability is high. Cue variability was manipulated between-subject across Experiments 1a and 1b and as a within-subject variable in Experiment 2. Symbols were presented as contextual cues. The results indicated that when cue variability was high, the prime–probe contextual similarity effect was observed on negative priming; however, when cue variability was low, the contextual similarity effect and the negative priming effect were absent.
{"title":"Revisiting the prime–probe contextual similarity effect on negative priming: The impact of cue variability","authors":"Hsuan-Fu Chao","doi":"10.1080/09541440802049051","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/09541440802049051","url":null,"abstract":"In previous studies on negative priming, the effect of prime–probe contextual similarity was not stable. On occasions, negative priming was greater when similar rather than different contexts were presented in a prime and a probe trial; however, at other times, negative priming was not affected by such manipulation. The current study demonstrates that the effect of contextual similarity can be optimised when cue variability is high. Cue variability was manipulated between-subject across Experiments 1a and 1b and as a within-subject variable in Experiment 2. Symbols were presented as contextual cues. The results indicated that when cue variability was high, the prime–probe contextual similarity effect was observed on negative priming; however, when cue variability was low, the contextual similarity effect and the negative priming effect were absent.","PeriodicalId":88321,"journal":{"name":"The European journal of cognitive psychology","volume":"82 1","pages":"484 - 500"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2009-04-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"81218887","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2009-04-06DOI: 10.1080/09541440801896007
M. Damian, J. Bowers
The effects of orthographic and phonological relatedness between distractor word and object name in a picture–word interference task were investigated. In Experiment 1 distractors were presented visually, and consistent with previous findings, priming effects arising from phonological overlap were modulated by the presence or absence of orthographic similarity between distractor and picture name. This pattern is interpreted as providing evidence for cascaded processing in visual word recognition. In Experiment 2 distractors were presented auditorily, and here priming was not affected by orthographic match or mismatch. These findings provide no evidence for orthographic effects in speech perception and production, contrary to a number of previous reports.
{"title":"Assessing the role of orthography in speech perception and production: Evidence from picture–word interference tasks","authors":"M. Damian, J. Bowers","doi":"10.1080/09541440801896007","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/09541440801896007","url":null,"abstract":"The effects of orthographic and phonological relatedness between distractor word and object name in a picture–word interference task were investigated. In Experiment 1 distractors were presented visually, and consistent with previous findings, priming effects arising from phonological overlap were modulated by the presence or absence of orthographic similarity between distractor and picture name. This pattern is interpreted as providing evidence for cascaded processing in visual word recognition. In Experiment 2 distractors were presented auditorily, and here priming was not affected by orthographic match or mismatch. These findings provide no evidence for orthographic effects in speech perception and production, contrary to a number of previous reports.","PeriodicalId":88321,"journal":{"name":"The European journal of cognitive psychology","volume":"91 1","pages":"581 - 598"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2009-04-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"79532093","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2009-04-06DOI: 10.1080/09541440802031000
M. Labelle, P. Graf, S. Grondin, Laurent Gagné-Roy
Time-based prospective memory tasks require the retrieval of previously formed plans (e.g., call me on my mobile phone) either at a specified time (e.g., at 3 p.m.) or after a specified period of time has elapsed (e.g., in 3 min). In the present study, we investigated whether the same time-related processes are recruited for a short-duration time-based prospective memory task and for a time-interval production task. In a dual-task paradigm, we required young adult participants to make category-membership decisions, while they were simultaneously engaged either in a time-based prospective memory tasks or in a time-interval production task. Under one set of conditions, participants were instructed to allocate attention equally to the two tasks, whereas in another set of conditions, they allocated attention primarily to the time-relevant task. The findings revealed that time estimates were not affected by the attention allocation manipulation, although it influenced performance on the concurrent category membership decision making task, and as expected time estimates were more accurate on the prospective memory task than on the time-production task. Based on the preponderance of the findings, we suggest that timing is managed by different mechanisms and/or strategies on time-interval production tasks and on short-duration time-based prospective memory tasks.
{"title":"Time-related processes in time-based prospective memory and in time-interval production","authors":"M. Labelle, P. Graf, S. Grondin, Laurent Gagné-Roy","doi":"10.1080/09541440802031000","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/09541440802031000","url":null,"abstract":"Time-based prospective memory tasks require the retrieval of previously formed plans (e.g., call me on my mobile phone) either at a specified time (e.g., at 3 p.m.) or after a specified period of time has elapsed (e.g., in 3 min). In the present study, we investigated whether the same time-related processes are recruited for a short-duration time-based prospective memory task and for a time-interval production task. In a dual-task paradigm, we required young adult participants to make category-membership decisions, while they were simultaneously engaged either in a time-based prospective memory tasks or in a time-interval production task. Under one set of conditions, participants were instructed to allocate attention equally to the two tasks, whereas in another set of conditions, they allocated attention primarily to the time-relevant task. The findings revealed that time estimates were not affected by the attention allocation manipulation, although it influenced performance on the concurrent category membership decision making task, and as expected time estimates were more accurate on the prospective memory task than on the time-production task. Based on the preponderance of the findings, we suggest that timing is managed by different mechanisms and/or strategies on time-interval production tasks and on short-duration time-based prospective memory tasks.","PeriodicalId":88321,"journal":{"name":"The European journal of cognitive psychology","volume":"21 1","pages":"501 - 521"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2009-04-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"80119848","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2009-04-06DOI: 10.1080/09541440802188255
R. Rummer, J. Schweppe, Randi C. Martin
This experiment tests the modality congruency hypothesis, which suggests that in short-term recall of auditory or visual verbal information false memories can be suppressed more effectively if presentation modality and recall mode are in congruent relation (i.e., in oral recall of auditorily presented and written recall of visually presented materials). The experiment is based on the DRM paradigm (as used by Kellogg, 2001). The results demonstrate more intrusions if presentation and recall are in an incongruent relation than if they are in a congruent relation. This finding supports the assumption of a privileged pathway from the auditory input system to oral output on the one hand, and from the visual input system to written output on the other hand, which aids source monitoring.
{"title":"A modality congruency effect in verbal false memory","authors":"R. Rummer, J. Schweppe, Randi C. Martin","doi":"10.1080/09541440802188255","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/09541440802188255","url":null,"abstract":"This experiment tests the modality congruency hypothesis, which suggests that in short-term recall of auditory or visual verbal information false memories can be suppressed more effectively if presentation modality and recall mode are in congruent relation (i.e., in oral recall of auditorily presented and written recall of visually presented materials). The experiment is based on the DRM paradigm (as used by Kellogg, 2001). The results demonstrate more intrusions if presentation and recall are in an incongruent relation than if they are in a congruent relation. This finding supports the assumption of a privileged pathway from the auditory input system to oral output on the one hand, and from the visual input system to written output on the other hand, which aids source monitoring.","PeriodicalId":88321,"journal":{"name":"The European journal of cognitive psychology","volume":"16 1","pages":"473 - 483"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2009-04-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"81985993","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2009-04-06DOI: 10.1080/09541440802052543
Nadège Doignon-Camus, D. Zagar, S. Mathey
Mathey, Zagar, Doignon, and Seigneuric (2006) reported an inhibitory effect of syllabic neighbourhood in monosyllabic French words suggesting that syllable units mediate the access to lexical representations of monosyllabic stimuli. Two experiments were conducted to investigate the perception of syllable units in monosyllabic stimuli. The illusory conjunction paradigm was used to examine perceptual groupings of letters. Experiment 1 showed that potential syllables in monosyllabic French words (e.g., BI in BICHE) affected the pattern of illusory conjunctions. Experiment 2 indicated that the perceptual parsing in monosyllabic items was due to syllable information and orthographic redundancy. The implications of the data are discussed for visual word recognition processes in an interactive activation model incorporating syllable units and connected adjacent letters (IAS; Mathey et al., 2006).
Mathey, Zagar, Doignon和Seigneuric(2006)报道了单音节法语单词中音节邻近的抑制作用，这表明音节单位介导了对单音节刺激的词汇表征的获取。研究了单音节刺激对音节单位的感知。错觉连接范式被用来检查字母的知觉分组。实验1表明，单音节法语单词中的潜在音节(如BICHE中的BI)会影响虚幻连词的模式。实验2表明，单音节项目的感知解析是由音节信息和正字法冗余引起的。在包含音节单位和连接相邻字母(IAS)的交互式激活模型中，讨论了数据对视觉单词识别过程的影响;Mathey et al.， 2006)。
{"title":"Can we see syllables in monosyllabic words? A study with illusory conjunctions","authors":"Nadège Doignon-Camus, D. Zagar, S. Mathey","doi":"10.1080/09541440802052543","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/09541440802052543","url":null,"abstract":"Mathey, Zagar, Doignon, and Seigneuric (2006) reported an inhibitory effect of syllabic neighbourhood in monosyllabic French words suggesting that syllable units mediate the access to lexical representations of monosyllabic stimuli. Two experiments were conducted to investigate the perception of syllable units in monosyllabic stimuli. The illusory conjunction paradigm was used to examine perceptual groupings of letters. Experiment 1 showed that potential syllables in monosyllabic French words (e.g., BI in BICHE) affected the pattern of illusory conjunctions. Experiment 2 indicated that the perceptual parsing in monosyllabic items was due to syllable information and orthographic redundancy. The implications of the data are discussed for visual word recognition processes in an interactive activation model incorporating syllable units and connected adjacent letters (IAS; Mathey et al., 2006).","PeriodicalId":88321,"journal":{"name":"The European journal of cognitive psychology","volume":"73 1","pages":"599 - 614"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2009-04-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"88513145","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2009-04-06DOI: 10.1080/09541440801951844
R. Versace, É. Labeye, G. Badard, M. Rose
Through a review of the literature, this paper proposes arguments in favour of a multimodal, dynamic, functional, and situational conception of memory. Memory is assumed to contain traces that reflect past experiences. The properties of these experiences are considered to be distributed across multiple neuronal systems, which are responsible, in particular, for sensorimotor and emotional processing. Memory is dynamic because knowledge emerges almost continuously from the activation and integration of these multimodal components. Memory is functional and situational because knowledge emerges from the subject's activity in a given situation, that is from a type of resonance between the properties of the past experiences that have shaped the neuronal networks and the properties of present experiences.
{"title":"The contents of long-term memory and the emergence of knowledge","authors":"R. Versace, É. Labeye, G. Badard, M. Rose","doi":"10.1080/09541440801951844","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/09541440801951844","url":null,"abstract":"Through a review of the literature, this paper proposes arguments in favour of a multimodal, dynamic, functional, and situational conception of memory. Memory is assumed to contain traces that reflect past experiences. The properties of these experiences are considered to be distributed across multiple neuronal systems, which are responsible, in particular, for sensorimotor and emotional processing. Memory is dynamic because knowledge emerges almost continuously from the activation and integration of these multimodal components. Memory is functional and situational because knowledge emerges from the subject's activity in a given situation, that is from a type of resonance between the properties of the past experiences that have shaped the neuronal networks and the properties of present experiences.","PeriodicalId":88321,"journal":{"name":"The European journal of cognitive psychology","volume":"13 26 1","pages":"522 - 560"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2009-04-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"72815761","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2009-04-06DOI: 10.1080/09541440802097951
Christopher M. Conway, Morten H. Christiansen
Across a wide range of tasks, vision appears to process input best when it is spatially rather than temporally distributed, whereas audition is the opposite. Here we explored whether such modality constraints also affect implicit statistical learning in an artificial grammar learning task. Participants were exposed to statistically governed input sequences and then tested on their ability to classify novel items. We explored three types of presentation formats—visual input distributed spatially, visual input distributed temporally, auditory input distributed temporally—and two rates of presentation: moderate (4 elements/second) and fast (8 elements/second). Overall, learning abilities were best for visual-spatial and auditory input. Additionally, at the faster presentation rate, performance declined only for the visual-temporal condition. Finally, auditory learning was mediated by increased sensitivity to the endings of input sequences, whereas vision was most sensitive to the beginnings of sequences. These results suggest that statistical learning for sequential and spatial patterns proceeds differently across the visual and auditory modalities.
{"title":"Seeing and hearing in space and time: Effects of modality and presentation rate on implicit statistical learning","authors":"Christopher M. Conway, Morten H. Christiansen","doi":"10.1080/09541440802097951","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/09541440802097951","url":null,"abstract":"Across a wide range of tasks, vision appears to process input best when it is spatially rather than temporally distributed, whereas audition is the opposite. Here we explored whether such modality constraints also affect implicit statistical learning in an artificial grammar learning task. Participants were exposed to statistically governed input sequences and then tested on their ability to classify novel items. We explored three types of presentation formats—visual input distributed spatially, visual input distributed temporally, auditory input distributed temporally—and two rates of presentation: moderate (4 elements/second) and fast (8 elements/second). Overall, learning abilities were best for visual-spatial and auditory input. Additionally, at the faster presentation rate, performance declined only for the visual-temporal condition. Finally, auditory learning was mediated by increased sensitivity to the endings of input sequences, whereas vision was most sensitive to the beginnings of sequences. These results suggest that statistical learning for sequential and spatial patterns proceeds differently across the visual and auditory modalities.","PeriodicalId":88321,"journal":{"name":"The European journal of cognitive psychology","volume":"4 1","pages":"561 - 580"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2009-04-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"88939229","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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