Pub Date : 2010-03-01DOI: 10.1080/09541440902743710
M. Brosnan, Ian Walker, J. Collomosse
The mental rotation of three-dimensional objects is consistently identified as the most salient cognitive sex difference in humans. The Shepard and Metzler task (1971) requires participants to rotate an object in their “mind's eye” and then compare the shape to a second object to identify if the two objects can be aligned in an identical orientation (warranting a “same” response) or represent mirror image shapes of one another (warranting a “different” response). The mental rotation task not only involves a rotational component but also nonrotational components such as comparison and decision making. Recent research has suggested that the sex difference in mental rotation resides in the nonrotational aspects of “different” decisions specifically. This experiment examined this proposal by varying the proportion of “different” decisions across conditions. Participants were ether exposed to the traditional format (50:50 same/different) or a bias towards (75:25) or away from (25:75) different responses. Contrary to previous research, the sex difference was found to reside in “same” responses that required a greater degree of rotation when assessing error rates in mental rotation. Sex differences in mental rotation error rates were particularly sensitive to the rotational aspect of same responses, not rotational aspects of different responses nor nonrotational aspects of both same and different responses. For reaction time, however, a sex difference emerged in the nonrotational aspects of the task. The bias described here affected these nonrotational aspects of the task, but not the rotational aspects, in line with prediction. A second study reran the experiment without making the bias explicit. Under this implicit bias, no sex differences were identified between conditions.
{"title":"The effect of explicitly varying the proportion of “same” and “different” responses on sex differences in the Shepard and Metzler mental rotation task","authors":"M. Brosnan, Ian Walker, J. Collomosse","doi":"10.1080/09541440902743710","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/09541440902743710","url":null,"abstract":"The mental rotation of three-dimensional objects is consistently identified as the most salient cognitive sex difference in humans. The Shepard and Metzler task (1971) requires participants to rotate an object in their “mind's eye” and then compare the shape to a second object to identify if the two objects can be aligned in an identical orientation (warranting a “same” response) or represent mirror image shapes of one another (warranting a “different” response). The mental rotation task not only involves a rotational component but also nonrotational components such as comparison and decision making. Recent research has suggested that the sex difference in mental rotation resides in the nonrotational aspects of “different” decisions specifically. This experiment examined this proposal by varying the proportion of “different” decisions across conditions. Participants were ether exposed to the traditional format (50:50 same/different) or a bias towards (75:25) or away from (25:75) different responses. Contrary to previous research, the sex difference was found to reside in “same” responses that required a greater degree of rotation when assessing error rates in mental rotation. Sex differences in mental rotation error rates were particularly sensitive to the rotational aspect of same responses, not rotational aspects of different responses nor nonrotational aspects of both same and different responses. For reaction time, however, a sex difference emerged in the nonrotational aspects of the task. The bias described here affected these nonrotational aspects of the task, but not the rotational aspects, in line with prediction. A second study reran the experiment without making the bias explicit. Under this implicit bias, no sex differences were identified between conditions.","PeriodicalId":88321,"journal":{"name":"The European journal of cognitive psychology","volume":"57 1","pages":"172 - 189"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2010-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"84008095","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2010-03-01DOI: 10.1080/09541440902757975
J. Munzert, Tanja Hohmann, E. Hossner
Previous research on recognising action features from point-light displays (PLDs) has focused on cues linked directly to the observed action. This paper presents two experiments examining the feasibility of predicting nonvisible movement outcomes from PLDs. A total of 127 sports students aged 19–37 years compared the distances of two throws in boules with masked ball flight. In Experiment 1, models were depicted as either full or reduced (only arm) PLDs and contrasted with a video condition. Results showed no differences between conditions, but better discrimination performance for larger differences between throwing distances. Experiment 2 reduced information even further. Both a reduction of PLDs to one point representing the hand and a reduction of the time course of the arm up to the point of ball release had detrimental effects on discrimination performance. Results are discussed in relation to concepts postulating the use of motor representations for movement observation.
{"title":"Discriminating throwing distances from point-light displays with masked ball flight","authors":"J. Munzert, Tanja Hohmann, E. Hossner","doi":"10.1080/09541440902757975","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/09541440902757975","url":null,"abstract":"Previous research on recognising action features from point-light displays (PLDs) has focused on cues linked directly to the observed action. This paper presents two experiments examining the feasibility of predicting nonvisible movement outcomes from PLDs. A total of 127 sports students aged 19–37 years compared the distances of two throws in boules with masked ball flight. In Experiment 1, models were depicted as either full or reduced (only arm) PLDs and contrasted with a video condition. Results showed no differences between conditions, but better discrimination performance for larger differences between throwing distances. Experiment 2 reduced information even further. Both a reduction of PLDs to one point representing the hand and a reduction of the time course of the arm up to the point of ball release had detrimental effects on discrimination performance. Results are discussed in relation to concepts postulating the use of motor representations for movement observation.","PeriodicalId":88321,"journal":{"name":"The European journal of cognitive psychology","volume":"91 1","pages":"247 - 264"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2010-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"90696506","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2010-03-01DOI: 10.1080/09541440902767818
S. Algarabel, A. Pitarque, J. Tomás, J. Mazón
We explore familiarity-based recognition using a paradigm devised by Parkin et al. (2001). The task consists of the creation of two lists of words written with one of two different subsets of letters of the alphabet. We manipulated study time (50, 100, 200, 500 ms per word) of words with different letter probabilistic structure to those originally used by Parkin et al. Letter-based familiarity responding was robust and present even at rates producing otherwise chance performance. A second experiment and structural equation modelling led us to interpret the results from the point of view of a theory that takes into account the processing of similarities and differences (Hunt & MacDaniel, 1993). Finally, our data indicate that the experimental procedure devised by Parkin et al. is an excellent tool with which to study familiarity, once the structure of probabilities of individual letters is considered as the key factor in inducing the effect.
{"title":"Explorations of familiarity produced by words with specific combinations of letters","authors":"S. Algarabel, A. Pitarque, J. Tomás, J. Mazón","doi":"10.1080/09541440902767818","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/09541440902767818","url":null,"abstract":"We explore familiarity-based recognition using a paradigm devised by Parkin et al. (2001). The task consists of the creation of two lists of words written with one of two different subsets of letters of the alphabet. We manipulated study time (50, 100, 200, 500 ms per word) of words with different letter probabilistic structure to those originally used by Parkin et al. Letter-based familiarity responding was robust and present even at rates producing otherwise chance performance. A second experiment and structural equation modelling led us to interpret the results from the point of view of a theory that takes into account the processing of similarities and differences (Hunt & MacDaniel, 1993). Finally, our data indicate that the experimental procedure devised by Parkin et al. is an excellent tool with which to study familiarity, once the structure of probabilities of individual letters is considered as the key factor in inducing the effect.","PeriodicalId":88321,"journal":{"name":"The European journal of cognitive psychology","volume":"24 1","pages":"265 - 285"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2010-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"78946576","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2010-03-01DOI: 10.1080/09541440903172158
G. Pagliuca, P. Monaghan
Classic connectionist models of reading have traditionally focused on English, a language with a quasiregular (deep) relationship between orthography and phonology, and very little work has been conducted on more transparent (shallow) orthographies. This paper introduces a parallel distributed processing (PDP) model of reading for Italian. The model was explicitly developed in order to deal with polysyllabic words and stress assignment. One of the core issues regarding such PDP models is whether they can show sensitivity to large grain sizes, as documented by the existence of morphological and neighbourhood effects in nonword reading aloud showed by native Italian speakers (Arduino & Burani, 2004; Burani, Marcolini, de Luca, & Zoccolotti, 2008). The model is successful in simulating these effects, previously accounted for by dual route architectures. The model was also able to simulate stress consistency effects.
经典的阅读联结主义模型传统上关注的是英语，这是一种正字法和音韵学之间存在准规则(深度)关系的语言，而在更透明(浅)的正字法上开展的工作很少。介绍了一种意大利语阅读并行分布式处理(PDP)模型。该模型是为了处理多音节词和重音分配而明确开发的。关于这种PDP模型的核心问题之一是它们是否能够显示出对大粒度的敏感性，正如意大利语母语者在非单词朗读中所显示的形态和邻近效应的存在所证明的那样(Arduino & Burani, 2004;Burani, Marcolini, de Luca， & zoccoltti, 2008)。该模型成功地模拟了这些效应，这些效应以前是由双路由体系结构引起的。该模型还能够模拟应力一致性效应。
{"title":"Discovering large grain sizes in a transparent orthography: Insights from a connectionist model of Italian word naming","authors":"G. Pagliuca, P. Monaghan","doi":"10.1080/09541440903172158","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/09541440903172158","url":null,"abstract":"Classic connectionist models of reading have traditionally focused on English, a language with a quasiregular (deep) relationship between orthography and phonology, and very little work has been conducted on more transparent (shallow) orthographies. This paper introduces a parallel distributed processing (PDP) model of reading for Italian. The model was explicitly developed in order to deal with polysyllabic words and stress assignment. One of the core issues regarding such PDP models is whether they can show sensitivity to large grain sizes, as documented by the existence of morphological and neighbourhood effects in nonword reading aloud showed by native Italian speakers (Arduino & Burani, 2004; Burani, Marcolini, de Luca, & Zoccolotti, 2008). The model is successful in simulating these effects, previously accounted for by dual route architectures. The model was also able to simulate stress consistency effects.","PeriodicalId":88321,"journal":{"name":"The European journal of cognitive psychology","volume":"35 1","pages":"813 - 835"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2010-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"75237282","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2010-03-01DOI: 10.1080/09541440902771299
Helen St Clair-Thompson
Backwards digit recall is often employed as a measure of working memory (e.g., Gathercole, Pickering, Ambridge, & Wearing, 2004). However, some researchers suggest that it may be better described as a task assessing short-term memory (e.g., Engle, Tuholski, Laughlin, & Conway, 1999). The present study explored the relationships between backwards digit recall and commonly used measures of short-term and working memory in children and in adults. The results suggested that backwards digit recall can best be described as a measure of working memory in children, but short-term memory in adults. The results are discussed in terms of both theoretical and practical implications for memory research.
{"title":"Backwards digit recall: A measure of short-term memory or working memory?","authors":"Helen St Clair-Thompson","doi":"10.1080/09541440902771299","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/09541440902771299","url":null,"abstract":"Backwards digit recall is often employed as a measure of working memory (e.g., Gathercole, Pickering, Ambridge, & Wearing, 2004). However, some researchers suggest that it may be better described as a task assessing short-term memory (e.g., Engle, Tuholski, Laughlin, & Conway, 1999). The present study explored the relationships between backwards digit recall and commonly used measures of short-term and working memory in children and in adults. The results suggested that backwards digit recall can best be described as a measure of working memory in children, but short-term memory in adults. The results are discussed in terms of both theoretical and practical implications for memory research.","PeriodicalId":88321,"journal":{"name":"The European journal of cognitive psychology","volume":"143 1","pages":"286 - 296"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2010-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"77960001","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2010-03-01DOI: 10.1080/09541440902757918
C. De Lillo, V. Lesk
Four experiments are reported that demonstrate the benefits of clustering by spatial proximity in spatial serial recall and provide support for the notion that hierarchical coding underpins the retention of clustered sequences in spatial working memory. Sequences segregated by spatial clusters increased serial recall performance at different levels of sequence length in a variation of the Corsi test and produced a faster initial response time (RT), which indicates that they afforded data reducing processes. RT at cluster boundary increased in parallel with the number of items forming the clusters, suggesting that subroutines of different length were responsible for the ordering of items within clusters of different size. Evidence for hierarchical coding was also obtained in a serial recognition task, indicating this type of representation pertains to the retention of the sequences rather than exclusively to the organisation of the motor plan for the reproduction of the sequences.
{"title":"Spatial clustering and hierarchical coding in immediate serial recall","authors":"C. De Lillo, V. Lesk","doi":"10.1080/09541440902757918","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/09541440902757918","url":null,"abstract":"Four experiments are reported that demonstrate the benefits of clustering by spatial proximity in spatial serial recall and provide support for the notion that hierarchical coding underpins the retention of clustered sequences in spatial working memory. Sequences segregated by spatial clusters increased serial recall performance at different levels of sequence length in a variation of the Corsi test and produced a faster initial response time (RT), which indicates that they afforded data reducing processes. RT at cluster boundary increased in parallel with the number of items forming the clusters, suggesting that subroutines of different length were responsible for the ordering of items within clusters of different size. Evidence for hierarchical coding was also obtained in a serial recognition task, indicating this type of representation pertains to the retention of the sequences rather than exclusively to the organisation of the motor plan for the reproduction of the sequences.","PeriodicalId":88321,"journal":{"name":"The European journal of cognitive psychology","volume":"43 1","pages":"216 - 246"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2010-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"75520035","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2010-02-24DOI: 10.1080/09541440902903603
F. Mathy
This study examines the long-term effect of mutual information in the learning of Shepardian classifications. Mutual information is a measure of the complexity of the relationship between features because it quantifies how the features relate to each other. For instance, in various categorisation models, Type VI concepts—originally studied by Shepard, Hovland, and Jenkins (1961)—are unanimously judged to be the most complex kind of 3-D Boolean concepts. This has been largely confirmed by empirical data. Yet, it is apparently inconsistent with the fact that this concept entails the greatest amount of mutual information of all the 3-D Boolean concepts. The present study was aimed at verifying whether individuals can use relational information, in the long run, to devise easier strategies for category learning. Subject performance was measured repeatedly for 1 hour on either successive Type VI concepts (using different features between problems) or successive Type IV concepts. The results showed that shortly after the second problem, Type VI concepts became easier to learn than Type IV ones. The gap between the mean per-problem error rates of the two concepts continued to increase as the number of problems increased. Two other experiments tended to confirm this trend. The discussion brings up the idea of combining different metrics in categorisation models in order to include every possible way for subjects to simplify the categorisation process.
{"title":"The long-term effect of relational information in classification learning","authors":"F. Mathy","doi":"10.1080/09541440902903603","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/09541440902903603","url":null,"abstract":"This study examines the long-term effect of mutual information in the learning of Shepardian classifications. Mutual information is a measure of the complexity of the relationship between features because it quantifies how the features relate to each other. For instance, in various categorisation models, Type VI concepts—originally studied by Shepard, Hovland, and Jenkins (1961)—are unanimously judged to be the most complex kind of 3-D Boolean concepts. This has been largely confirmed by empirical data. Yet, it is apparently inconsistent with the fact that this concept entails the greatest amount of mutual information of all the 3-D Boolean concepts. The present study was aimed at verifying whether individuals can use relational information, in the long run, to devise easier strategies for category learning. Subject performance was measured repeatedly for 1 hour on either successive Type VI concepts (using different features between problems) or successive Type IV concepts. The results showed that shortly after the second problem, Type VI concepts became easier to learn than Type IV ones. The gap between the mean per-problem error rates of the two concepts continued to increase as the number of problems increased. Two other experiments tended to confirm this trend. The discussion brings up the idea of combining different metrics in categorisation models in order to include every possible way for subjects to simplify the categorisation process.","PeriodicalId":88321,"journal":{"name":"The European journal of cognitive psychology","volume":"1 1","pages":"360 - 390"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2010-02-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"87832879","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2010-02-24DOI: 10.1080/09541440903126030
M. Vendrame, I. Cutica, M. Bucciarelli
Recent studies in the psychological literature reveal that cospeech gestures facilitate the construction of an articulated mental model of an oral discourse by hearing individuals. In particular, they facilitate correct recollections and discourse-based inferences at the expense of memory for discourse verbatim. Do gestures accompanying an oral discourse facilitate the construction of a discourse model also by oral deaf individuals trained to lip-read? The atypical cognitive functioning of oral deaf individuals leads to this prediction. Experiments 1 and 2, each conducted on 16 oral deaf individuals, used a recollection task and confirmed the prediction. Experiment 3, conducted on 36 oral deaf individuals, confirmed the prediction using a recognition task.
{"title":"“I see what you mean”: Oral deaf individuals benefit from speaker's gesturing","authors":"M. Vendrame, I. Cutica, M. Bucciarelli","doi":"10.1080/09541440903126030","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/09541440903126030","url":null,"abstract":"Recent studies in the psychological literature reveal that cospeech gestures facilitate the construction of an articulated mental model of an oral discourse by hearing individuals. In particular, they facilitate correct recollections and discourse-based inferences at the expense of memory for discourse verbatim. Do gestures accompanying an oral discourse facilitate the construction of a discourse model also by oral deaf individuals trained to lip-read? The atypical cognitive functioning of oral deaf individuals leads to this prediction. Experiments 1 and 2, each conducted on 16 oral deaf individuals, used a recollection task and confirmed the prediction. Experiment 3, conducted on 36 oral deaf individuals, confirmed the prediction using a recognition task.","PeriodicalId":88321,"journal":{"name":"The European journal of cognitive psychology","volume":"30 1","pages":"612 - 639"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2010-02-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"84181491","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2010-02-22DOI: 10.1080/09541440903091127
M. Passolunghi, I. Mammarella
Although various studies support the multicomponent nature of visuospatial working memory, to date there is no general consensus on the distinction of its components. A difference is usually proposed between visual and spatial components of working memory, but the individual roles of these components in mathematical learning disabilities remains unclear. The present study aimed to examine the involvement of visual and spatial working memory in poor problem-solvers compared with children with normal level of achievement. Fourth-grade participants were presented with tasks measuring phonological loop, central executive, and visual versus spatial memory. In two separate experiments, both designed to distinguish visual and spatial component involvement, poor problem-solvers specifically failed on spatial—but not visual or phonological—working memory tasks. Results are discussed in the light of possible working memory models, and specifically demonstrate that problem-solving ability can benefit from analysis of spatial processes, which involves ability to manipulate and transform relevant information; instead, no benefit is gained from the analysis of visual pictorial detail.
{"title":"Spatial and visual working memory ability in children with difficulties in arithmetic word problem solving","authors":"M. Passolunghi, I. Mammarella","doi":"10.1080/09541440903091127","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/09541440903091127","url":null,"abstract":"Although various studies support the multicomponent nature of visuospatial working memory, to date there is no general consensus on the distinction of its components. A difference is usually proposed between visual and spatial components of working memory, but the individual roles of these components in mathematical learning disabilities remains unclear. The present study aimed to examine the involvement of visual and spatial working memory in poor problem-solvers compared with children with normal level of achievement. Fourth-grade participants were presented with tasks measuring phonological loop, central executive, and visual versus spatial memory. In two separate experiments, both designed to distinguish visual and spatial component involvement, poor problem-solvers specifically failed on spatial—but not visual or phonological—working memory tasks. Results are discussed in the light of possible working memory models, and specifically demonstrate that problem-solving ability can benefit from analysis of spatial processes, which involves ability to manipulate and transform relevant information; instead, no benefit is gained from the analysis of visual pictorial detail.","PeriodicalId":88321,"journal":{"name":"The European journal of cognitive psychology","volume":"60 1","pages":"944 - 963"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2010-02-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"86670041","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2010-02-18DOI: 10.1080/09541440903080583
Daragh E. Sibley, C. Kello, Mark S. Seidenberg
Most current models of word naming are restricted to processing monosyllabic words and pseudowords. This limitation stems from difficulties in representing the orthographic and phonological codes for words varying substantially in length. Sibley, Kello, Plaut, and Elman (2008) described an extension of the simple recurrent network architecture, called the sequence encoder, that learned orthographic and phonological representations of variable-length words. The present research explored the use of sequence encoders in models of monosyllabic and bisyllabic word naming. Performance in these models is comparable to other models in terms of word and pseudoword naming accuracy, as well as accounting for naming latency phenomena. Although the models do not address all naming phenomena, the results suggest that sequence encoders can learn orthographic and phonological representations, making it easier to create models that scale up to larger vocabularies, while accounting for behavioural data.
{"title":"Learning orthographic and phonological representations in models of monosyllabic and bisyllabic naming","authors":"Daragh E. Sibley, C. Kello, Mark S. Seidenberg","doi":"10.1080/09541440903080583","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/09541440903080583","url":null,"abstract":"Most current models of word naming are restricted to processing monosyllabic words and pseudowords. This limitation stems from difficulties in representing the orthographic and phonological codes for words varying substantially in length. Sibley, Kello, Plaut, and Elman (2008) described an extension of the simple recurrent network architecture, called the sequence encoder, that learned orthographic and phonological representations of variable-length words. The present research explored the use of sequence encoders in models of monosyllabic and bisyllabic word naming. Performance in these models is comparable to other models in terms of word and pseudoword naming accuracy, as well as accounting for naming latency phenomena. Although the models do not address all naming phenomena, the results suggest that sequence encoders can learn orthographic and phonological representations, making it easier to create models that scale up to larger vocabularies, while accounting for behavioural data.","PeriodicalId":88321,"journal":{"name":"The European journal of cognitive psychology","volume":"27 1","pages":"650 - 668"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2010-02-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"81049702","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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